What is the name of the tree pump? Eucalyptus tree. And now about those plants that are ideal for draining your garden plot

Last year I went on vacation with my boyfriend to . We just rented an apartment, so there were no all-inclusive options. But we explored everything Black Sea coast, wherever the train could take us. We even got there. But most of all I remember Sochi Arboretum. Especially cable car! A unique feeling when you “swim” over the raging green sea. It was there that for the first time in my life I saw a huge living eucalyptus, not his nasty gargle.

Australian eucalyptus - a natural pump

He is originally from Australia, but as I already said, these trees (imported) can be found in our native lands, among our closest neighbors in Abkhazia or in distant France, Africa and America. In general, wherever it is warm enough and swampy, because it is precisely for its high water consumption that this tree is called " natural pump"(one eucalyptus can evaporate up to 180 liters of water per day). Evergreen eucalyptus belongs to Myrtaceae genus and can reach 150 meters high. His Latin name"Eucalyptus" translates as "well hidden" - this is due to the buds being completely hidden in green "capsules" until the very beginning of flowering. And the bark regularly falls off the eucalyptus in such rags, and the tree looks as if a huge cat had sharpened its claws on it.

Application

Eucalyptus trees have found use not only in draining areas. Due to the fact that they have dense, durable wood, this type of wood is used in shipbuilding, for the manufacture of sleepers and beams and other products that require increased strength. Eucalyptus leaves contain a large number of essential oils (up to 5%), this determines its antiseptic properties. Most for use in medical The following types are suitable:

• eucalyptus globulus (Eucalyptus globulus);
• eucalyptus cinerea (Eucalyptus cinerea);
• Eucalyptus viminalis (Eucalyptus viminalis).

Due to such high content active substances tree poisonous for all types of animals. Only koalas are able to feed on eucalyptus leaves, their digestion and metabolic processes are slow, it is this delay that allows their body to cope with the “poison”.

This is also the first tree that I managed to smell at a distance of several meters. It was not the flowers that smelled, as is the case with poles, but the whole tree!

The most tall trees!

• "Eucalyptus"
  Green "skyscrapers" that reach 100 meters in height with a trunk over 30 meters thick - these are eucalyptus trees, evergreen trees. Interesting feature eucalyptus trees is that they shed not leaves, but bark, after which their trunk acquires a light yellow or blue color and becomes smooth and shiny. This huge tree is native to Australia.

  "Eucalyptus" from Greek language translates as “I cover well,” which is not true, since trees of this type do not shade the area near them at all. This is explained by the fact that eucalyptus has a specific arrangement of leaves; they are turned towards the sun not with their surface, as we are used to seeing, but with an edge, therefore Sun rays pass freely through the leaves of the eucalyptus and no shadow is formed.

  Eucalyptus trees grow very quickly; in the first year of their life they reach 3 meters in height. Over 20 years, one hectare of eucalyptus forest produces 800 cubic meters. m. wood. No other tree can produce so much material even in 140 years. Thanks to this feature, eucalyptus trees are very useful trees In addition, their wood is very strong and durable. Therefore, it is used for the construction of ships, dams, furniture, and houses. In addition, eucalyptus wood almost never rots. Another positive property of this tree is that it is almost impossible to light it, at the same time, charcoal extracted from it burns very well. Most types of eucalyptus (and there are more than 300 of them) have tannins for processing leather.

  Valuable essential oil extracted from the eucalyptus tree is widely used in medicine. By the way, eucalyptus leaves contain a lot of it. It is also used to make ointments, varnishes, soaps and perfumes.

  Eucalyptus grows in moist soil near lakes, rivers and sea ​​coast. Residents of Australia say: “If you see tall trees with blue trunks, then there must be a river bed near them.” Eucalyptus is sometimes called a pump tree due to its ability to drain the soil. The root system of this plant absorbs a lot of moisture from the soil, which then evaporates through the leaves. By drying out swamps, eucalyptus destroys malaria mosquitoes, which is extremely beneficial to people. It is thanks to this property that eucalyptus trees are now planted in different countries peace. People use lands freed from swamps to grow crops.

• Sequoia
  Coniferous trees North America– redwoods, like eucalyptus, reach above 100 meters in height, but their trunks are thicker - 45 meters. These trees grew on Earth during the pre-glacial period. On average, their age is 3-4 thousand years. All large redwoods are protected by law and are even given names such as "General Sherman" and "Abraham Lincoln".

  The history of the name of the sequoia tree is quite interesting. This a big tree first called California pine or mammoth tree, since the ends of the branches bent upward, resembled the fangs of mammoths. In 1859, the Swedish botanist Linnaeus decided to call it huge tree in honor of the English commander Wellington. The new name “Wellingtonia enormous” did not exist for long. The Americans decided that such a significant plant should bear their name national hero- George Washington. After which the tree received the name “huge Washingtonian.”

  Disputes over what should be the best name for this tree continued. After some time, it finally got its name - sequoia, in honor of the leader of one of the Indian tribes - Sequoia, it was he who led the liberation struggle against foreign invaders for many years. Some people still call this tree "mammoth".

Of course, the most the right decision for draining garden soil or personal plot is drainage device . Especially when we're talking about O landscape design and site design is not a question at all. By the way, I have a good article about this on my personal website, describing the most proven methods of installing drainage in garden and summer cottage plots. If anyone wants, they can read “How to dry a summer cottage?” .

But sometimes a situation occurs when ideal drainage is simply impossible, for example there is no way to drain groundwater due to the built-up area or, as often happens, lack of finance. But I want to decorate the site and at the same time it would be nice to have a garden on the site, or at least fruit-bearing bushes.
In this case, well-known ornamental or fruit plants can come to our rescue. For example, using eucalyptus rid the Pitsunda region in Abkhazia of swamps and mosquitoes. Of course, eucalyptus does not grow here, but it turns out there are many other plants with which you can dry and at the same time .

Tatar maple - photo.

We will focus on the middle zone; what is suitable for it will naturally be suitable for more southern regions.
About poplars, of course, you all know, poplar is eucalyptus for middle zone Russia, but in Lately and, probably rightly, they began to refuse it, because of the huge amount of fluff during the flowering period, and where there is fluff, there are allergies. There is also pyramidal poplars, but their shadows are smaller and they grow very quickly and at the same time have a low-lying root system. They dry out quickly and very often fall even with weak gusts of wind, thereby damaging our property. Therefore, let's forget about poplars. I advise planting only to those lucky ones who have a river in their garden. Ordinary poplar strengthens well coastline and creates . Naturally, poplar is not suitable for our garden plots of six acres; its crown can cover a couple of acres.

And now about those plants that are ideal for draining a personal plot.

Birch is fluffy.

If you have a personal plot, the ideal water farm for it fluffy birch. A couple or three trees planted in the lower part of the site or the water drainage point on the site and the problem with flooding from spring to autumn will be solved. Despite the fact that the birch root system is very developed, the roots do not penetrate deep into the soil, so the trees can be subject to wind blows. Downy birch is the most cold-resistant of the birches.
Please note that this is the second time in the article that I have mentioned local drainage; if general drainage cannot be done, or it is not possible to drain groundwater outside the site, the site must still be planned with a slight slope and local drainage must be installed at the lowest point. And in the place planned for planting plants that will help you drain the soil, arrange drainage well, its optimal dimensions are 3x3 meters. It would be even better if there were several such wells, they would be connected by a system of pipes and a tree would be planted near each one.

Holes for planting trees To drain the area, it is also necessary to prepare it somewhat differently than for normal planting. As I already mentioned, the root system of trees for draining the site is very well developed and lies at a depth of 60-80 cm. In this regard, the planting pit for plants used in draining the site should be meter by meter in size and also at least 0.8 meters deep . The lower part of the planting hole should be filled 50 centimeters large stone, the simplest and cheapest way is to use a plaster mixed with soil; the stone (not brick) will support the roots and create additional drainage. This method of planting trees used to drain the site should be followed for any plants.

Red maple.

For draining and at the same time decorating a personal plot in landscape design also used alder, larch, ash and Tatar maple. The site is dedicated to each of these plants separate page, you can go to it by clicking on the corresponding highlighted word. I will dwell in more detail only on the ash tree at the end of the article, I have a connection with it another story with landscape design.

What fruit plants are best to plant in the garden to drain the soil?

There is only one contender here - plum. Despite this, plum has so many subspecies that you can easily choose the one that is suitable for your garden. Do not forget that the main thing is not the variety or variety of plum, but the rootstock on which it is grafted. It is the roots that grow in the soil and respond to it.
But since an ordinary gardener who purchases plants in a nursery, and most often from hand, does not have the opportunity to influence the rootstock, we will do it simpler. Just trust my experience and take it as faith that it is best renclods drain the soil, but they are also more demanding on the soil, so you will achieve successful growth and abundant fruiting of plums by planting them using the technology described above.

Damsons.

But it gives the least worries and a wonderful harvest of fruits damson . There are also a huge number of varieties; the trees are compact and can be planted three meters apart. At the same time, damson plums practically do not suffer from pests, unlike ordinary plums. And of course, cherry plum is suitable for very lazy summer residents. Her modern views have quite large and tasty fruits, unlike those that we are used to seeing everywhere.

And now about the best plants, about which in Rus' they make up fairy tales and sing songs. Weeping willow. It is suitable for any site, be it a garden, cottage or personal plot. The weeping willow can look like a tree or shrub and has more than 600 species and varieties. Some varieties of willow, under certain conditions, grow to a height of only 20 cm. That is why the weeping willow is considered the best of plants that help drain the soil and at the same time it easily fits into any landscape project.

And finally, as promised, a true story about an ash tree, from the life of a landscape designer. .

Eucalyptus is an evergreen tree with about a hundred varieties. The most famous are: rainbow, spherical, large and regal, growing up to 100 meters.

Eucalyptus trees grow in Australia, New Zealand, and Tasmania. They have the property of retaining moisture by turning the leaves with their edges towards the sunlight.

The leaves of the eucalyptus tree have high healing properties, and they also serve as food for the Australian marsupial - the koala.

Description of eucalyptus

These amazing trees a lot of unusual properties. So on one tree, on different branches leaves grow various shapes. On young branches soft leaves bluish-colored, round in shape, covered with a waxy layer. On older branches the leaves are hard and oblong. Moreover, these leaves behave in an unusual way. They are always turned edge towards the sun. Therefore, it is not surprising that a large tree, seemingly with a powerful crown, provides little shade. Thanks to this ability, eucalyptus can retain the moisture it absorbs for a long time. And it takes in quite a lot of moisture, it’s a real water pump. One such tree can absorb more than 300 liters of moisture within a day. And in a year, this water drinker drinks more than 100 tons of water. Because of these properties, this tree is often used in land reclamation.

Eucalyptus evergreen, but once a year it changes its bark. After a hot summer, in March, the bark that has dried over the summer becomes brown, it bubbles away from the wood of the trunk, curls up and falls to the ground in rags. After this, its trunk becomes smooth and shines with various colors of the rainbow. Depending on the species, after the fall, the trunks of eucalyptus trees can be white, green, yellow, blue and red. This species is called rainbow eucalyptus.

Eucalyptus forests are home to very cute animals - koalas. They feed exclusively on the leaves of this tree. It is known that its leaves are quite poisonous because they contain hydrocyanic acid. But it turns out that this poison has almost no effect on the koala. Then they are specialists in eucalyptus and choose different types of trees in different seasons, at a time when they contain minimal amounts of hydrocyanic acid. Well, and then a koala is, in fact, a bear, albeit a marsupial. So he doesn't care.

In the fourth or fifth year of life, eucalyptus blooms. And it blooms in a very unique way. First, a rigid round-shaped box appears on a separate peduncle, at the end of which there is a bottom. As the box grows, it increases in size and becomes woody. Then the bottom falls off and a lush flower tassel consisting of hairy stamens appears from the box. U various types flowers different color: white, yellow, pink and bright red. The flowers have a light, pleasant aroma.

After flowering, fruits form in place of the flower. U different types Eucalyptus fruits differ in shape, but most often they look like small bells, but closed at the bottom. These bells contain seeds. The seeds take a long time to ripen, a whole year, but can be stored for several years.

Where does eucalyptus grow?

Of the huge number of trees growing on earth, several species amaze with their huge size, their height reaches 100 meters or more. Eucalyptus can rightfully be considered one of these “green giants”.

Homeland of this interesting plant- Australia. In my homeland it is evergreen tree has more than a hundred varieties. Australia is a large continent and has almost all climatic zones, and each zone has its own eucalyptus trees.

This is a low-growing shrub growing in the arid climate of the desert regions of Central Australia, these are gnarled, unsightly-looking trees in mountainous regions, this is enormous height giant, regal and globular species of eucalyptus that can only live in humid climate subtropics. These majestic trees, with perfectly straight trunks and luxurious crowns, are truly a miracle of nature.

Eucalyptus is a very fast growing tree. In just one year, this tree grows almost 5 meters. Moreover, it grows both in height and in width. Of course, it is difficult for eucalyptus to compete in height with the American sequoia, the largest tree on earth today. In the state of California, USA. There is a sequoia growing with the name Hyperion, whose height, according to 2006, is 115.61 m. But nevertheless, in Australian Tasmania there is a eucalyptus whose height is 92 m.

Medicinal properties

People have long noticed that it is very easy to breathe in eucalyptus forests. This is due to the fact that eucalyptus leaves emit volatile phytoncides, a kind of volatile antibiotics that consist of organic substances with a strong antimicrobial effect. Phytoncides secreted by the leaves have a beneficial effect primarily on the respiratory system, they give people vigor and health. It was experimentally found that the main components with healing properties are essential oils contained in leaves and young shoots. These medicinal properties began to be actively used and now eucalyptus oil is used in various medicines such as: pectusin, ingalipt, efkamon, ingacamf, as well as various aerosols and cough tablets. In addition, the leaves are prepared and sold in pharmacies for preparing tinctures and decoctions at home. There is probably no person who has not experienced the healing properties of eucalyptus inhalation for colds.

Quite often, eucalyptus brooms are used in baths for colds. This is very effective remedy, which helps very often in one go. If you have a sore throat or runny nose, just hold a steamed broom to your face and breathe through your nose for 4-5 minutes. It is not very convenient to quilt with such a broom, the leaves are long and the branches are thin. Better branches weave eucalyptus into a birch or oak broom.

Although in practice it has been proven that eucalyptus preparations have practically no side effects and contraindications, but in some cases allergic reactions or individual hypersensitivity may occur. Very rarely, when used externally, skin irritation may occur.

Therefore, before starting treatment, it is better to check individual sensitivity to this remedy. In addition, it is not advisable to use eucalyptus preparations orally for children under 2 years of age, as well as for adults with impaired renal and liver function, with bronchial asthma, and bronchospasm. It is better to refrain from using them for children with whooping cough. During pregnancy, these drugs should be used with extreme caution. It is advisable to first consult an aromatherapist.

Eucalyptus essential oils are very widely used in the perfume industry. They contain aromatic substances such as citronellal, limonene and geraniol, which have very pleasant odors. With their help, persistent aromas of rose, lemon and many others are easily reproduced. These cosmetical tools absolutely harmless and constantly enjoy great popularity. Detergents: soaps, scrubs, shampoos, gels with eucalyptus extract are an excellent remedy for many scalp problems. And shampoo-creams with a detox effect practically cleanse the hair of any impurities, including tobacco smoke.

You can often hear the question: Is it possible to grow eucalyptus at home? Why not?

Eucalyptus trees reproduce by seeds, which are naturally carried by the wind. But for many years they have been grown not just anywhere, but where people need it. These are mainly resort areas. And not only in Australia, but in many countries around the world. Artificially planted eucalyptus groves create an excellent healing environment. And coupled with sea air, staying in such places provides maximum health benefits for vacationers. Such groves can be successfully used for other purposes. For example, several such artificial forests were planted in Israel to protect against frequent artillery shelling from Palestine. They grew very quickly and became a real green protective wall.

Well, at home in our climatic zone Eucalyptus trees are grown mainly in winter gardens, or in extreme cases, simply in a large pot like any other house plants. Usually in any flower shops you can buy either seeds or ready-made seedlings. By transplanting them into flowerpots, you can create a real paradise with a healing twist in your apartment or house.

Thanks to the released phytoncides, your home will always have the cleanest healing air, and you will always have it at hand. fresh leaves eucalyptus, which can be useful for rinsing or inhalation. In addition, neither flies nor ants can tolerate the smell of eucalyptus. Eucalyptus growing in the house does not require special care, and it looks quite nice.