Volcanic eruptions 20 21st century. The largest volcanic eruptions in the 21st century - Interesting here!!! — LiveJournal. How volcanoes behave in the 21st century
According to various estimates, there are from 1000 to 1500 on Earth active volcanoes. There are active, that is, constantly or periodically erupting, dormant (which can resume their activity) and extinct volcanoes, the eruption of which there is no historical data. Almost 90% of active volcanoes are located in the so-called “Fire Belt of the Earth” - a chain of seismically active zones and volcanoes, including underwater ones, stretching from the coast of Mexico south through the Philippine and Indonesian / Malay / archipelagos and to New Zealand. The largest active volcano on earth is Mauna Loa on the island of Hawaii, USA /4170 m above sea level and about 10,000 m from the base on the ocean floor, the crater has an area of more than 10 sq. km/.
January 17, 2002 - volcanic eruption Nyiragongo in the east Democratic Republic Congo /DRC/. More than half of the city of Goma, located 10 km away, and 14 surrounding villages were buried under the lava flows. The disaster claimed more than 100 lives and drove up to 300 thousand residents from their homes. Huge damage was caused to coffee and banana plantations.
On October 27, 2002, the Sicilian volcano began to erupt Etna, the highest in Europe /3329 m above sea level/. The eruption ended only on January 30, 2003. Volcanic lava Several tourist campsites, a hotel, ski lifts and Mediterranean pine groves were destroyed. The volcanic eruption caused agriculture Sicily suffered approximately 140 million euros in damage. It also erupted in 2004, 2007, 2008 and 2011.
July 12, 2003 - volcanic eruption Soufriere on the island of Montserrat /Lesser Antilles archipelago, possession of Great Britain/. The island, with an area of 102 sq km, suffered significant material damage. Ashes that covered almost the entire island acid rain and volcanic gases destroyed up to 95 percent of the crop, and the fishing industry suffered heavy losses. The island's territory was declared a disaster zone.
In May 2006, during a volcanic eruption Merapi On the Indonesian island of Java, the most active of the island's 42 volcanoes, a four-kilometer column of smoke and ash rose, causing authorities to announce a ban on aircraft flights not only over Java, but also on international airlines from Australia to Singapore.
On June 14, 2006, the volcano erupted again Merapi, up to 700 thousand cubic meters of hot lava flowed down its slopes. 20 thousand people were evacuated.
On August 17, 2006 in Ecuador as a result of powerful eruption volcano Tungurahua, located 180 km from the Ecuadorian capital Quito, at least six people were killed and dozens were burned and injured. Thousands of peasants were forced to leave their homes, livestock died due to toxic gases and ash, and almost the entire crop was lost.
In 2009, Alaska Airlines repeatedly canceled flights due to a volcanic eruption. Redout, from the crater of which ash was thrown to a height of up to 15 km. The volcano is located 176 km southwest of the city of Anchorage (Alaska, USA).
On February 12, 2010, the volcano began to erupt again Soufriere on the island of Montserrat. A powerful “rain” of ash fell on several settlements on the island of Grande Terre / Guadeloupe, possession of France /. All schools in Pointe-à-Pitre were closed. The local airport has temporarily ceased operations.
April 14, 2010, Icelandic volcano erupted Eyjafjallajokull led to the largest crisis in the history of passenger aviation. The resulting ash cloud covered almost all of Europe, which led to the fact that in the period from April 15 to 20, 18 European countries completely closed their skies, and other countries were forced to close and open their airspaces depending on weather conditions. The governments of these countries decided to stop flights in connection with the recommendations of the European bureau for monitoring the safety of air navigation - Eurocontrol. The total losses of the European economy as a result of the air travel crisis were estimated at almost 4 billion euros, losses of the tourism sector amounted to about 1 billion euros, airlines - 1.5-2.5 billion euros, global air travel volumes decreased by 2.4% in April Spread of the ash cloud led to the cancellation of about 100 thousand civil aircraft flights around the world, the crisis affected about 10 million passengers.
In May 2010, due to another activation of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajokull the airspace was closed Northern Ireland, in the north-west of Turkey, over Munich / Germany /, over Northern and partly Central England, as well as over a number of areas of Scotland. The ban zone included the airports of London, as well as Amsterdam and Rotterdam /Netherlands/. Due to the movement of the volcanic ash cloud to the south, flights were canceled at airports in Portugal, northwestern Spain, and northern Italy.
May 27, 2010 in Guatemala as a result of a volcanic eruption Pacaya two people were killed, three were missing, 59 were injured and about 2 thousand were left homeless. Agricultural crops were damaged by sand and ash, and more than 100 residential buildings were damaged or destroyed.
On October 26, 2010, the volcano “awakened” again Merapi on the Indonesian island of Java. As a result of the eruption, which lasted about two weeks, lava flows spread over five kilometers and more than 50 million cubic meters of volcanic ash mixed with basalt dust and sand were thrown into the atmosphere. 347 people became victims of the disaster, over 400 thousand residents were evacuated. The eruption disrupted air traffic over the island.
January 29, 2011 as a result of a volcanic eruption Tengger Caldera On the Indonesian island of Java, ash emissions affected airspace within a radius of 200 nautical miles from the epicenter of the volcano. This led to the cancellation of dozens of international flights connecting the resort island of Bali with other parts of the planet.
A volcanic eruption occurred on May 22-25, 2011 Grimsvotn/Iceland/, as a result of which Icelandic airspace was temporarily closed. Ash clouds reached the airspace of Great Britain, Germany and Sweden, and some flights were cancelled. According to volcanologists, the volcano emitted much more ash into the atmosphere than the volcano Eyjafjallajokull in April 2010, however, the ash particles were heavier and settled to the ground faster, so a transport collapse was avoided.
On June 4, 2011, the volcano began to erupt Puyehue, located on the Chilean side of the Andes. The ash column reached a height of 12 km. In neighboring Argentina resort town Ash and small stones fell on San Carlos de Bariloche, and the work of the airports of Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Montevideo (Uruguay) was paralyzed for several days.
August 10, 2013 in Indonesia as a result of a volcanic eruption Rockatenda, located on the small island of Palue, killed six local residents. About two thousand people (a quarter of the inhabitants on the island) were evacuated from the danger zone.
According to various estimates, there are from 1000 to 1500 active volcanoes on Earth. There are active, that is, constantly or periodically erupting, dormant and extinct volcanoes, the eruption of which there is no historical data. Almost 90% of active volcanoes are located in the so-called fire belt of the Earth - a chain of seismically active zones and volcanoes, including underwater ones, stretching from the coast of Mexico south through the Philippine and Indonesian archipelagos and to New Zealand.
(Total 13 photos)
Post sponsor: Scratches on a car under CASCO: Expert advice on how to guarantee yourself no problems Source: tut.by
1. Mauna Loa, Hawaii. (USGS photo for Reuters)
The largest active volcano on earth is Mauna Loa on the island of Hawaii, USA - 4170 m above sea level and about 10,000 m from the base on the ocean floor, the crater has an area of more than 10 square meters. km.
2. Nyiragongo, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Eruption on August 30, 2010. (Photo: Reuters)
January 17, 2002 - Nyiragongo volcano erupts in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. More than half of the city of Goma, located 10 km away, and 14 surrounding villages were buried under the lava flows. The disaster claimed more than 100 lives and drove up to 300 thousand residents from their homes. Huge damage was caused to coffee and banana plantations.
On October 27, 2002, the Sicilian volcano Etna, the highest in Europe (3329 m above sea level), began to erupt. The eruption ended only on January 30, 2003. Volcanic lava destroyed several tourist campsites, a hotel, ski lifts and Mediterranean pine groves. The volcanic eruption caused approximately 140 million euros in damage to Sicily's agriculture. It also erupted in 2004, 2007, 2008 and 2011.
July 12, 2003 - eruption of the Soufriere volcano on the island of Montserrat (Lesser Antilles archipelago, British possession). Island with an area of 102 sq. km caused significant material damage. Ash that covered almost the entire island, acid rain and volcanic gases destroyed up to 95% of the crop, and the fishing industry suffered heavy losses. The island's territory was declared a disaster zone.
On February 12, 2010, the Soufriere volcano began to erupt again. A powerful “rain” of ash hit several settlements on the island of Grande Terre (Guadeloupe, a French possession). All schools in Pointe-à-Pitres were closed. The local airport has temporarily ceased operations.
In May 2006, during the eruption of Mount Merapi on the Indonesian island of Java, the most active of the island's 42 volcanoes, a four-kilometer column of smoke and ash rose, and therefore authorities announced a ban on aircraft flights not only over Java, but also on international airlines from Australia to Singapore.
On June 14, 2006, the eruption occurred again. Up to 700 thousand cubic meters of hot lava flowed down the slopes. 20 thousand people were evacuated.
As a result of the eruption on October 26, 2010, which lasted about two weeks, lava flows spread over five kilometers and more than 50 million cubic meters of volcanic ash mixed with basalt dust and sand were thrown into the atmosphere. 347 people became victims of the disaster, over 400 thousand residents were evacuated. The eruption disrupted air traffic over the island.
On August 17, 2006, in Ecuador, a powerful eruption of the Tungurahua volcano, located 180 km from the Ecuadorian capital Quito, killed at least six people, and dozens were burned and injured. Thousands of peasants were forced to leave their homes, livestock died due to toxic gases and ash, and almost the entire crop was lost.
In 2009, Alaska Airlines repeatedly canceled flights due to the eruption of Redout Volcano, from the crater of which ash was thrown up to a height of 15 km. The volcano is located 176 km southwest of the city of Anchorage, Alaska, USA.
On April 14, 2010, the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajokull led to the largest crisis in the history of passenger aviation. The resulting ash cloud covered almost all of Europe, which led to the fact that in the period from April 15 to 20, 18 European countries completely closed their skies, and other countries were forced to close and open their airspaces depending on weather conditions. The governments of these countries decided to stop flights in connection with the recommendations of the European Office for Monitoring the Safety of Air Navigation.
In May 2010, due to another activation of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajokull, the airspace over Northern Ireland, in northwestern Turkey, over Munich (Germany), over Northern and partially Central England, as well as over a number of areas of Scotland was closed. The ban zone included the airports of London, as well as Amsterdam and Rotterdam (Netherlands). Due to the movement of the volcanic ash cloud to the south, flights were canceled at airports in Portugal, northwestern Spain, and northern Italy.
On May 27, 2010, in Guatemala, as a result of the eruption of the Pacaya volcano, two people were killed, three were missing, 59 were injured and about 2 thousand were left homeless. Agricultural crops were damaged by sand and ash, and more than 100 residential buildings were damaged or destroyed.
On May 22-25, 2011, the Grímsvötn volcano (Iceland) erupted, resulting in the temporary closure of Icelandic airspace. Ash clouds reached the airspace of Great Britain, Germany and Sweden, and some flights were cancelled. According to volcanologists, the volcano emitted much more ash into the atmosphere than the Eyjafjallajokull volcano in April 2010, but the ash particles were heavier and settled faster on the ground, so a transport collapse was avoided.
On June 4, 2011, the Puyehue volcano, located on the Chilean side of the Andes, began to erupt. The ash column reached a height of 12 km. In neighboring Argentina, the resort town of San Carlos de Bariloche was hit by ash and small stones, and the airports of Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Montevideo (Uruguay) were paralyzed for several days.
On August 10, 2013, in Indonesia, the eruption of the Rockatenda volcano, located on the small island of Palue, killed six local residents. About two thousand people were evacuated from the danger zone - a quarter of the residents on the island.
An unexpected volcanic eruption began on September 27, 2014. It was accompanied by powerful emissions of toxic gases.
Climbers and tourists who were on the slopes of the mountain at the time of the eruption were killed and injured. Japanese doctors have officially confirmed the death of 48 people as a result of the eruption of Mount Ontake. According to the Japanese press, almost 70 people suffered from poisonous gases and respiratory tract damage from hot volcanic ash. In total there were about 250 people on the mountain.
According to various estimates, there are between 1,000 and 1,500 active volcanoes on Earth . There are active, that is, constantly or periodically erupting, dormant and extinct volcanoes, the eruption of which there is no historical data. Almost 90% of active volcanoes are located in the so-called Earth's fire belt - a chain of seismically active zones and volcanoes, including underwater ones, stretching from the coast of Mexico south through the Philippine and Indonesian archipelagos and to New Zealand.
Source: tut.by
1. Mauna Loa, Hawaii. (USGS photo for Reuters)
The largest active volcano on earth is Mauna Loa on the island of Hawaii, USA - 4170 m above sea level and about 10,000 m from the base on the ocean floor, the crater has an area of more than 10 square meters. km.
2. Nyiragongo, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Eruption on August 30, 2010. (Photo: Reuters)
January 17, 2002 - Nyiragongo volcano erupts in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. More than half of the city of Goma, located 10 km away, and 14 surrounding villages were buried under the lava flows. The disaster claimed more than 100 lives and drove up to 300 thousand residents from their homes. Huge damage was caused to coffee and banana plantations.
On October 27, 2002, the Sicilian volcano Etna, the highest in Europe (3329 m above sea level), began to erupt. The eruption ended only on January 30, 2003. Volcanic lava destroyed several tourist campsites, a hotel, ski lifts and Mediterranean pine groves. The volcanic eruption caused approximately 140 million euros in damage to Sicily's agriculture. It also erupted in 2004, 2007, 2008 and 2011.
July 12, 2003 - eruption of the Soufriere volcano on the island of Montserrat (Lesser Antilles archipelago, British possession). Island with an area of 102 sq. km caused significant material damage. Ash that covered almost the entire island, acid rain and volcanic gases destroyed up to 95% of the crop, and the fishing industry suffered heavy losses. The island's territory was declared a disaster zone.
On February 12, 2010, the Soufriere volcano began to erupt again. A powerful “rain” of ash hit several settlements on the island of Grande Terre (Guadeloupe, a French possession). All schools in Pointe-à-Pitres were closed. The local airport has temporarily ceased operations.
In May 2006, during the eruption of Mount Merapi on the Indonesian island of Java, the most active of the island's 42 volcanoes, a four-kilometer column of smoke and ash rose, and therefore authorities announced a ban on aircraft flights not only over Java, but also on international airlines from Australia to Singapore.
On June 14, 2006, the eruption occurred again. Up to 700 thousand cubic meters of hot lava flowed down the slopes. 20 thousand people were evacuated.
As a result of the eruption on October 26, 2010, which lasted about two weeks, lava flows spread over five kilometers and more than 50 million cubic meters of volcanic ash mixed with basalt dust and sand were thrown into the atmosphere. 347 people became victims of the disaster, over 400 thousand residents were evacuated. The eruption disrupted air traffic over the island.
On August 17, 2006, in Ecuador, a powerful eruption of the Tungurahua volcano, located 180 km from the Ecuadorian capital Quito, killed at least six people, and dozens were burned and injured. Thousands of peasants were forced to leave their homes, livestock died due to toxic gases and ash, and almost the entire crop was lost.
In 2009, Alaska Airlines repeatedly canceled flights due to the eruption of Redout Volcano, from the crater of which ash was thrown up to a height of 15 km. The volcano is located 176 km southwest of the city of Anchorage, Alaska, USA.
On April 14, 2010, the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajokull led to the largest crisis in the history of passenger aviation. The resulting ash cloud covered almost all of Europe, which led to the fact that in the period from April 15 to 20, 18 European countries completely closed their skies, and other countries were forced to close and open their airspaces depending on weather conditions. The governments of these countries decided to stop flights in connection with the recommendations of the European Office for Monitoring the Safety of Air Navigation.
In May 2010, due to another activation of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajokull, the airspace over Northern Ireland, in northwestern Turkey, over Munich (Germany), over Northern and partially Central England, as well as over a number of areas of Scotland was closed. The ban zone included the airports of London, as well as Amsterdam and Rotterdam (Netherlands). Due to the movement of the volcanic ash cloud to the south, flights were canceled at airports in Portugal, northwestern Spain, and northern Italy.
On May 27, 2010, in Guatemala, as a result of the eruption of the Pacaya volcano, two people were killed, three were missing, 59 were injured and about 2 thousand were left homeless. Agricultural crops were damaged by sand and ash, and more than 100 residential buildings were damaged or destroyed.
On May 22-25, 2011, the Grímsvötn volcano (Iceland) erupted, resulting in the temporary closure of Icelandic airspace. Ash clouds reached the airspace of Great Britain, Germany and Sweden, and some flights were cancelled. According to volcanologists, the volcano emitted much more ash into the atmosphere than the Eyjafjallajokull volcano in April 2010, but the ash particles were heavier and settled faster on the ground, so a transport collapse was avoided.
On June 4, 2011, the Puyehue volcano, located on the Chilean side of the Andes, began to erupt. The ash column reached a height of 12 km. In neighboring Argentina, the resort town of San Carlos de Bariloche was hit by ash and small stones, and the airports of Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Montevideo (Uruguay) were paralyzed for several days.
On August 10, 2013, in Indonesia, the eruption of the Rockatenda volcano, located on the small island of Palue, killed six local residents. About two thousand people were evacuated from the danger zone - a quarter of the residents on the island.
An unexpected volcanic eruption began on September 27, 2014. It was accompanied by powerful emissions of toxic gases.
Climbers and tourists who were on the slopes of the mountain at the time of the eruption were killed and injured. Japanese doctors have officially confirmed the death of 48 people as a result of the eruption of Mount Ontake. According to the Japanese press, almost 70 people suffered from poisonous gases and respiratory tract damage from hot volcanic ash. In total there were about 250 people on the mountain.
Review of the most significant volcanic eruptions of the 20th century.
1902 May 8, Martinique island, Mont Pele volcano
At 7 o'clock 50 min. Mont Pele volcano burst into pieces - 4 sounded strong explosion, similar to cannon shots. They threw out a black cloud from the main crater, which was pierced by flashes of lightning. But this was not the most dangerous release. It was the lateral emissions - those that from that time would be called "Peleian" - that sent fire and brimstone at hurricane speed along the mountainside directly to Saint-Pierre - one of the main ports of the island of Martinique.
Superheated volcanic gas, due to its high density and high speed movement, spreading just above the ground, penetrating into all the cracks. A huge cloud covered the area of complete destruction. The second zone of destruction extended another 60 km2. This cloud, formed from super-hot steam and gases, weighed down by billions of particles of hot ash, moved at a speed sufficient to carry debris rocks and volcanic emissions, had a temperature of 700–980°C and was able to melt glass. Mont Pele erupted again on May 20, with almost the same force as on May 8.
The Mont Pele volcano, flying into pieces, destroyed Saint-Pierre along with its population. 36 thousand people died.
1902 October 24, Guatemala, Santa Maria Volcano
The Santa Maria volcano is located in the western part of Guatemala, height 3762 m; during its eruption, an area of 323.75 thousand km2 was covered with a layer of volcanic ash and debris 20 cm thick. An explosion of gigantic power was heard 800 km away - in Costa Rica, an entire mountainside flew up, taking with it everything that was on it, then giant boulders collapsed down the slope. 6 thousand people died.
The clouds that formed after the eruption hung for weeks. Before dissipating, they rose to a height of up to 20 km. This eruption is considered the largest in the entire history of volcanic emissions into the atmosphere.
1911 January 30, Philippines, Taal Volcano
The worst eruption of the 20th century at Taal, a permanently active volcano in the Philippines, killed 1,335 people. This was a classic example of a "Peleian" type eruption, where eruptions occur not only from the summit crater, but also from craters on the mountainside, often with hurricane-force winds. In practice, the volcano does not emit lava, but masses of white hot ash and superheated steam.
In 10 min. all living things ceased to exist. A layer of mud up to 80 m thick, accompanied by a flow of toxic volcanic gases, destroyed people and houses at a distance of 10 km. Gradually, ash covered an area of almost 2 thousand km2.
The mountain exploded a second time with almost the same force as the first eruption. The roar was heard at a distance of almost 500 km. A black cloud of ash rose up, darkening the sky over Manila, located 65 km from the volcano. The cloud was seen from a distance of 400 km.
Taal remained calm until 1965, when it erupted again, killing 200 people. To this day it remains an active and dangerous volcano.
1931 December 13–28, Indonesia, o. Java, Merapi volcano
One of the most powerful volcanic eruptions of the 20th century. Both sides of the volcano exploded, and the erupted volcanic ash covered half the island. In two weeks, from December 13 to 28, the volcano erupted a lava flow about 7 km long, up to 180 m wide and up to 30 m deep. The white-hot flow scorched the earth and destroyed all the villages in its path. More than 1,300 people died.
1944 June, Mexico, Paricutin volcano
Paricutin is a volcano that was written about in many magazines in 1943 as “a volcano born in a cornfield before the eyes of its owner.”
He actually got up in the cornfield. For many years there was a small hole in this place; on February 5, 1943, a series of ever-increasing tremors began, as a result of which a crack appeared not far from the hole. On February 19, residents felt at least 300 tremors. On February 20, the crack on one side of the hole began to expand. Almost immediately there was a sound like thunder. Nearby trees shook and the ground swelled about a meter. Here and there smoke and fine ash-gray dust began to rise from the crack. On February 21, lava began to pour out of the growing cone. By the end of the first week, the height of the cone was 15 m, by the end of the first year it had grown to 300 m. In June 1944, violent eruption. A huge lava flow descended towards the village of Paricutin and the larger village of San Juan de Parangaricutiro. Dense ash partially covered both settlements, there were several victims.
1951 January 21, New Guinea, Lamington Volcano
The eruption of Mount Lamington killed 2,942 people. Many of them died from hurricane-force winds filled with steam, hot ash, debris and hot mud. These hurricane-force winds were called "new Ardente" and manifested themselves during the eruption of the Mont Pelé volcano in 1902.
The eruption of Lamington in New Guinea on January 21 was exactly the same type as Mont Pele - with "new ardentes" sweeping away everything in their path as they descended the slope of the volcano. A series of monstrous explosions tore apart the peak and slopes, throwing out a huge mushroom-shaped cloud of ash, which in 2 minutes. rose to a height of 12 km, and after 20 minutes. reached a height of 15 km. The explosion was so strong that it was heard on the coast of New Britain - 320 km from Lamington. Breaking out of the mountainside, the New Ardente rushed down, sweeping away the forests so that not even stumps remained.
After another catastrophic ejection at 20:00. 40 min. Mount Lamington ceased visible activity on 21 January. Within 15 years the vegetation returned to normal state, but the slopes are not inhabited to this day.
1956 March 30, USSR, Kamchatka, Bezymyanny volcano
The violent explosion of the Bezymianny volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula went largely unnoticed, as there were no fatalities. However, in terms of intensity it is on a par with the Peleian eruptions.
March 30 at 5 p.m. 10 min. A monstrous explosion split the top of the snow-covered Bezymyanny, which had previously risen to a height of 3048 m above sea level. In a matter of seconds, 183 m of the peak was cut off from the volcano, and volcanic dust rose from the crater to a height of 30–40 km.
Volcanologist G.O. Gorshkov, who was nearby in the village of Klyuchi, described this scene as follows: “The cloud swirled strongly and quickly changed its shape... It seemed very dense and almost palpably heavy. Along with the cloud, the roar of thunder arose and intensified, accompanied by incessant flashes of lightning. Around 17 hour 40 minutes, when the cloud had already passed its zenith, ash began to fall... and by 18 hours 20 minutes it became so dark that it was impossible to see your own hand, even if you brought it to your face.People returning from work ", wandered around the village in search of their houses. Peals of thunder rumbled with deafening force, without stopping. The air was saturated with electricity, telephones were ringing spontaneously, loudspeakers in the radio network were burning out... There was a strong smell of sulfur."
A hot layer of ash, covering an area of 482 km2, melted the snow and formed rapid mud flows in the valley of the Sukhaya Khapitsa River and valleys located on the slopes of adjacent volcanoes. These streams washed away huge boulders weighing hundreds of tons and carried them through the valley, sweeping away everything in their path. Trees were uprooted or burned. 3 weeks after the eruption of G.O. Gorshkov discovered thousands of streams of fumarole gases rising from the surface of a 30-meter layer of ash over an area of 47 km2.
1980 May 18, USA, Washington state, Mount St. Helens
A cloud of ash, which shot up vertically from the cone in 10 minutes, rose to a height of 19.2 km. Day turned into night. In the city of Spokane (Washington State), 400 km from the volcano, visibility dropped to 3 m in broad daylight as soon as this cloud reached the city. In Yakima, 145 km from the volcano, a layer of ash up to 12 cm thick fell. Lesser amounts of ash fell in Idaho, in the central part of Montana and partially in Colorado. The ash cloud circled the globe in 11 days. For several weeks, the ash belt colored the sunsets and affected the atmosphere. As with most eruptions, a lava dome was formed with a height of 183 m and a diameter of 610 m. Lava began to pour out of it. Throughout 1982, Mount St. Helens erupted again, but with less force.
The energy released during the catastrophic explosion of the volcano corresponded to the energy of 500 atomic bombs like the one dropped on Hiroshima, or 10 million tons of TNT. An area of 600 km2 burned to the point of a lunar landscape.
Mount St. Helens shrunk like a broken tooth. The once symmetrical and well-formed peak has disappeared, and in its place 400m below there is an amphitheater with sheer 600m walls and barren terrain below.
1982 March 29, Mexico, El Chichon volcano
The eruption of the El Chichon volcano occurred in two stages: March 29 and April 3–4, 1982. Initially, volcanic ash filled the atmosphere to a height of approximately 30 km. Then what ended up in the stratosphere (about 10 Mt) began to be transferred to the west. The tropospheric part of the cloud (3–7 Mt) moved in the opposite direction and settled quite quickly on the Earth’s surface. The stratospheric cloud, expanding horizontally, made several distinct revolutions around the Earth. Observations on the Hawaiian Islands showed that by December (compared to June), due to dispersal, the concentration of ash at an altitude of 20 km decreased by 6 times. IN temperate latitudes volcanic ash appeared in November 1982. Signs of increasing turbidity in the Arctic stratosphere appeared only in March 1983. Thus, it took about a year for the pollution to be evenly distributed in the stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere. Subsequently, it gradually decreased over the year by about 3 times.
1985 November 14–16, Colombia, Nevado del Ruiz volcano
The largest eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano occurred in terms of the number of victims and material damage. A column of ash and rock debris rose into the sky to a height of 8 km. Hot gases ejected from the crater of the volcano and gushing lava melted the snow and ice on its top. The resulting mudflow completely destroyed the city of Amero, located 50 km from the volcano. The layer of mud reached 8 m in places. The volcano practically destroyed everything around within a radius of 150 km. About 25 thousand people died, total number victims exceeded 200 thousand.
1991 June 10–15, Philippines, Luzon island, Pinatubo volcano
Approximately 200 people died and 100 thousand were left homeless as a result of numerous eruptions.
On June 10, there was a moderate eruption of Mount Pinatubo, located on the island of Luzon, 88 km from Manila. June 12 at 8 o'clock. 41 min. The volcano exploded, sending a mushroom cloud into the sky. Streams of gas, ash and rocks melted to a temperature of 980°C rushed down the slopes at speeds of up to 100 km/h. For many kilometers around, all the way to Manila, day turned into night. And the cloud and the ash falling from it reached Singapore, which is 2.4 thousand km away from the volcano.
On the night of June 12 and the morning of June 13, the volcano erupted again. And even with more power than before. It threw ash and flames 24 km into the air.
On the morning of June 14th East Coast On the island of Luzon, a typhoon hit the island with wind speeds of 130 km/h, which flooded the area, soaked a layer of ash and turned it into white mud.
The volcano continued to erupt on June 15 and 16. Mud flows and water washed away houses. A layer of ash 20 cm thick, turning into mud, destroyed buildings before our eyes. The slopes of Mount Pinatubo resembled a lunar landscape. In Zambales province, the worst-hit region, everything was covered in 90 centimeters of ash and volcanic debris.
The smallest particles of ejected ash formed a huge cloud that encircled the entire globe along the equator. Its central part contained little ozone, and at its edges there was a lot of sulfur dioxide. The eruption released more than 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. The ash cloud of Mount Pinatubo, like that of Krakatoa in 1883, led to some general decrease in temperature, since the ash particles formed a screen that sunlight. WITH space satellites the presence of chlorine compounds and some other harmful gases in the atmosphere in concentrations greater than usual was recorded.
1997 June 30, Mexico, Popocatepetl volcano
There was a strong eruption of the Popocatepetl volcano, located 60 km from the capital of Mexico. The column of flame from the volcano's crater reached 18 km in height, and ash rained down on the streets of Mexico City. Almost 40 thousand people were taken from the villages located near the mountain.
2000 March 14, Russia, Kamchatka, Bezymianny volcano
During the volcanic eruption, ash was thrown out with enormous force to a height of up to 5 km above sea level, and the plume of ash clouds stretched in a northwest direction for at least 100 km. The village of Kozyrevsk, located at the foot of the volcano, was almost completely covered with ash, and the smell of sulfur was felt. IN last time The Bezymyanny eruption occurred on February 24, 1999, when ash emissions reached a height of 8 km. A similar ashfall was recorded on this volcano only in 1956. The awakened volcano did not pose a danger to the population.
December 2000, Mexico, Popocatepetl volcano
On December 14, the Popocatepetl volcano began to erupt; it spewed hot stones and ash to a height of up to 1 km, the radius of their fall was about 10 km. 14 thousand people were evacuated. According to authorities, the evacuation was announced mainly out of precaution - ash from the volcanic eruption, which local residents called El Popo, the wind carried it over a radius of more than 80 km.
On the night of December 18-19, a strong volcanic eruption occurred. Rocks, gas and a column of hot lava flying out of the crater located at an altitude of 5.5 km could be observed from anywhere in Mexico City, located 60 km away. 40 thousand people were urgently evacuated from the vicinity of the volcano.
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Everyone, for sure, even if they have never traveled outside their own city in their life, dreams of going somewhere, seeing the world, learning something new, enjoying vivid and memorable impressions. However, not everyone gets to travel as much as they want. And in order to use it to the fullest every time you go on vacation, you need to choose in advance where to go and plan everything down to the smallest detail.
This is where content like this helps; even before visiting the country, you can already find out what’s remarkable there. After spending comparative analysis several countries that you would potentially like to visit, you can choose exactly the option that will satisfy you to the maximum.
In addition to other countries, travel around Russia is also shown. Within our homeland there are many interesting and beautiful places. Volcanoes in Kamchatka, Siberia, Ural Mountains, Altai, Baikal, Crimea and much more. Our country is the largest in the world and there is a lot to see. The vast expanses of Rus' are captivating with their splendor. Every citizen of this country is obliged to at least just watch a few videos about people walking around Russia.
Walking through extreme and dangerous places globe excite the blood and force the production of adrenaline, despite the fact that you are just watching it from the monitor screen. And if this topic is very close to you, then you can repeat their path, doing something that few people would do. Mountain biking in mountainous terrain, especially downhill on narrow trails wild speed, skydiving from high-rise buildings, from cliff faces and much more can be seen in travel videos.
Such videos can be of interest not only to an adult who wants to plan their vacation or just see what it’s like over the hill, but a child might also like this content. For a schoolchild this can be excellent educational material, and the knowledge can be useful in mastering geography.
On the website you have the opportunity to watch videos about travel, wanderings around interesting corners of our vast planet and at the same time watch all this without registration and absolutely free.