Who belongs to the Navy? A brief history of the Navy Day holiday. Monitoring student knowledge

The Navy is a powerful factor in the country's defense capability. It is divided into strategic nuclear forces and forces general purpose.

Strategic nuclear forces have great nuclear missile power, high mobility and the ability to operate for a long time in various areas of the World Ocean.

The Navy consists of the following branches of forces: submarine, surface, naval aviation, marine corps and coastal defense forces. It also includes ships and vessels, special purpose units, and logistics units.

Submarine forces- a striking force of the fleet, capable of controlling the expanses of the World Ocean, secretly and quickly deploying in the right directions and delivering unexpected powerful strikes from the depths of the ocean against sea and continental targets. Depending on the main armament, submarines are divided into missile and torpedo submarines, and according to the type of power plant into nuclear and diesel-electric.

The main striking force of the Navy are nuclear submarines armed with ballistic and cruise missiles with nuclear charges. These ships are constantly in various areas of the World Ocean, ready for the immediate use of their strategic weapons.

Nuclear-powered submarines armed with ship-to-ship cruise missiles are aimed primarily at combating large enemy surface ships. Nuclear torpedo submarines are used to disrupt enemy underwater and surface communications and in the defense system against underwater threats, as well as to escort missile submarines and surface ships.

The use of diesel submarines (missile and torpedo submarines) is mainly associated with solving typical tasks for them in limited areas of the sea. Equipping submarines with nuclear power and nuclear missile weapons, powerful hydroacoustic systems and high-precision navigation weapons, along with comprehensive automation of control processes and the creation of optimal living conditions for the crew, has significantly expanded their tactical properties and forms of combat use.

Surface forces V modern conditions remain the most important part of the Navy. The creation of ships that carry aircraft and helicopters, as well as the transition of a number of classes of ships, as well as submarines, to nuclear power have greatly increased their combat capabilities. Equipping ships with helicopters and airplanes significantly expands their capabilities to detect and destroy enemy submarines. Helicopters create the opportunity to successfully solve problems of relay and communications, target designation, transfer of cargo at sea, landing on the coast and rescue personnel. Surface ships are the main forces for ensuring the exit and deployment of submarines to combat areas and returning to bases, transporting and covering landing forces. They are assigned the main role in laying minefields, combating mine danger and protecting their communications.

The traditional task of surface ships is to strike enemy targets on its territory and cover their coast from the sea from naval forces enemy.

Thus, surface ships are entrusted with a complex of responsible combat missions. They solve these problems in groups, formations, associations, both independently and in cooperation with other branches of the naval forces (submarines, aviation, marines).

Naval aviation- branch of the Navy. It consists of strategic, tactical, deck and coastal.

Strategic and tactical aviation is designed to combat groups of surface ships in the ocean, submarines and transports, as well as to deliver bombs and missile strikes against enemy coastal targets.

Carrier-based aviation is the main striking force of the Navy's aircraft carrier formations. Its main combat missions in armed warfare at sea are the destruction of enemy aircraft in the air, launch positions of anti-aircraft guided missiles and other enemy air defense systems, conducting tactical reconnaissance etc. When performing combat missions, carrier-based aircraft actively interact with tactical aircraft.

Naval aviation helicopters are an effective means of target designation missile weapons ship when destroying submarines and repelling attacks from low-flying aircraft and enemy anti-ship missiles. Carrying air-to-surface missiles and other weapons, they are a powerful means of fire support for Marine landings and destruction of enemy missile and artillery boats.

Marines- a branch of the Navy forces designed to conduct combat operations as part of amphibious assault forces (independently or jointly with the Ground Forces), as well as for the defense of the coast (naval bases, ports).

Marine combat operations are carried out, as a rule, with the support of aviation and artillery fire from ships. In turn, the Marine Corps uses in combat all types of weapons characteristic of motorized rifle troops, while using landing tactics specific to it.

Coastal Defense Troops, as a branch of the Navy, are intended to protect naval force bases, ports, important sections of the coast, islands, straits and narrows from attacks by enemy ships and amphibious assault forces. The basis of their weapons are coastal missile systems and artillery, anti-aircraft missile systems, mine and torpedo weapons, as well as special coastal defense ships (protection of the water area). To ensure defense by troops on the coast, coastal fortifications are created.

Logistics units and units are intended to provide logistical support to the forces and combat operations of the Navy. They ensure the satisfaction of material, transport, household and other needs of formations and associations of the Navy in order to maintain them in combat readiness to carry out assigned tasks.

Fleets:

Black Sea Fleet (BSF)- operational-strategic association of the Russian Navy on the Black Sea.
The main base is Sevastopol.

Pacific Fleet (PF)

The Russian Pacific Fleet, as an integral part of the Navy and the Russian Armed Forces as a whole, is a means of ensuring Russia's military security in the Asia-Pacific region.

To carry out its tasks, the Pacific Fleet includes missile submarines strategic purpose, multi-purpose nuclear and diesel submarines, surface ships for operations in the ocean and near sea zones, naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine and fighter aircraft, ground forces, units of ground and coastal forces.

The main tasks of the Russian Pacific Fleet currently are:

• maintaining naval strategic nuclear forces in constant readiness in the interests of nuclear deterrence;
• protection of the economic zone and areas production activities, suppression of illegal production activities;
• ensuring navigation safety;
• carrying out foreign policy actions of the government in economically important areas of the World Ocean (visits, business visits, joint exercises, actions as part of peacekeeping forces, etc.)

Northern Fleet (SF)- operational-strategic association of the Russian Navy.

The basis of the modern Northern Fleet is made up of nuclear missile and torpedo submarines, missile-carrying and anti-submarine aircraft, missile, aircraft-carrying and anti-submarine ships.

Baltic Fleet- operational-strategic unification of the Russian Navy in the Baltic Sea.

The main bases are Baltiysk (Kaliningrad region) and Kronstadt (Leningrad region). It includes a division of surface ships, a brigade of diesel submarines, formations of auxiliary and search and rescue vessels, naval air forces, coastal troops, and units of rear technical and special support.

(Navy) today is one of the branches of the Armed Forces Russian Federation. Its main purpose is the armed defense of the country's interests and the conduct of military operations in the sea and ocean.

Historically, the territory of the Russian state is in contact with several seas and oceans. This inevitably forced in the past and forces today to pay close attention to the development of the state fleet, whose tasks include creating conditions for the safety of navigation in the coastal seas and oceans, the interaction of Russian fleets with maritime formations and ships of foreign states in the framework of joint operations and military exercises meets the interests of our country beyond its maritime borders.

Flagship of the Russian Navy

The Navy of the Russian Federation is currently undergoing a stage of intensive rearmament to increase its power, efficiency, secrecy in delivering weapons to destroy potential enemy targets, and to curb the aggressive aspirations of NATO countries led by the United States in the vast oceans and seas.

Navy Day

This year's celebration Navy Day will take place for the 80th time.

On July 24, 1939, for the first time, at the insistence of Soviet Admiral Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov, sailors Soviet Union celebrated their professional holiday, established by a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the country.

The fleet attracted young forces into its ranks; the holiday promoted the historical maritime traditions of the state; aroused interest in service on warships and new submarines; in coastal defense and naval aviation units.

In modern times, Navy Day is celebrated on the final Sunday of July. Almost the entire country loves sailors, is proud of them, and celebrates their worthy contribution to ensuring the security of our borders. On this summer holiday, officers and sailors are given titles, awards are presented and incentives are announced for success in mastering difficult maritime specialties.

Structure and composition of the Navy

To regular modern structure Our fleet includes:

• formations of surface ships;
• underwater connections of ships;
• aviation units on shore and carrier-based aviation;
• Marine Corps units;
• coastal defense complexes;
• special units;
• rear units and bases;
• hydrographic service.

The Navy consists of four fleets and one flotilla:

• Northern Fleet
• Baltic Fleet
• Pacific Fleet
• Black Sea Fleet
• Caspian flotilla

The command of the country's Navy is carried out in several strategic directions:

• west - as part of the Western Military District of the Baltic Fleet (headquarters in Kaliningrad);
• north - Northern Fleet (Severomorsk);
• south - part of the Southern Military District Black Sea Fleet(Sevastopol) and the Caspian Flotilla (Astrakhan);
• east - as part of the Eastern Military District Pacific Fleet (Vladivostok).
• Part Navy includes ships and vessels, special purpose units, and logistics units.

A little bit of history: The founder of the Russian fleet was none other than Peter I. Having become interested in ships, he created a small semblance of a shipyard. It was called the "Amusement Fleet".

Soon Peter I planned the construction of a navy. Subsequently, development continued in the White Sea. He had the idea that with the help of the fleet it would be easier to capture new territories, which he actually did very well in the future. But at some time, during the blockade of Azov, the fleet of Peter I was defeated. And only in 1695 new ones were built best ships and courts. It was these events that became the foundation for building a regular Navy.

The Navy uses:

• For transportation and protection of amphibious assault forces
• To lay mines and destroy enemy mines
• To ensure free exit, deployment and arrival of submarine forces
• To protect communications (maritime)

Navy submarine forces used for sudden and powerful strikes against reconnaissance and naval targets. The basis of the submarine force is nuclear submarines equipped with ballistic and cruise missiles. Naval aviation The Navy is used for:

• Repelling air attacks
• Instructions for ships to destroy enemy submarines
• To inflict significant damage to enemy coastal targets
• Conducting a naval battle with enemy ships

Coastal troops The Navy uses:

• for the defense of coastal facilities, ports (ensuring coastal protection)
• for conducting combat operations using air, air-sea and sea landings

Commander-in-Chief of the Navy

Since 2016, the Russian Navy has been commanded by Admiral Korolev Vladimir Ivanovich.

For a long time he served on submarines of the Northern Fleet, went through many command levels and studied at the academy, commanded the Northern Fleet and took an active part in the development of the Arctic region by army formations. The only submarine admiral in the history of the Russian Navy.

Navy training

The Naval Training Center in St. Petersburg is located on several territories in the cities of Lomonosov and Kronstadt, as well as on Vasilyevsky Island in St. Petersburg - military unit 56529-2

Barracks accommodation, a common dining room and bathhouse, educational buildings, a parade ground and sports facilities make up the strict infrastructure of the training center.

The training program for sailors and specialists for coastal defense is the same and is designed for a period of up to 4 months. The young fighter course, physical, combat, special and rescue training are the main areas of training.

Upon completion, the cadets are examined and left for naval units.

As part of the joint training center of the Navy in Severodvinsk, it trains fleet specialists in military unit 56529-3. The main area of ​​training is ship propulsion systems. The training period for sailors is 5 months. (first month general military, drill and physical training, taking the oath). Sailor specialties: electrician, diesel engine operator, turbine operator.

Accommodation in the barracks, common dining room and bathhouse, classrooms and workshops. At the end of the training there are exams and assignment to ships of all Russian fleets.

In Vladivostok, the training center (military unit 56529-4) provides intensive training in many maritime specialties, which celebrated its 80th anniversary in 2018.

The cadets are trained by experienced teachers in 40 specialties, most of which are in demand on naval submarines. The annual turnover of trainees is up to 2 thousand people. Except combined arms training cadets are taught to survive in various extreme conditions that arise in closed compartments of warships.

Accommodation and conditions do not differ from the previously described centers, but the training base is specialized and equipped with modern technology and simulators.

Flag of the Navy

Other name - St. Andrew's flag Historically, it appeared by decree of Peter I in 1699 on the ships of the young Russian fleet under construction. It existed in the navy until 1918. It was reintroduced on the country's ships in 1992. According to legend, the cross on the flag belonged to St. Andrew the First-Called, who visited Rus' and is considered its naval patron.

Navy ships

According to their purpose, Navy ships perform various tasks:

• heavy nuclear cruisers provide cover for naval groups, convoys and coastal troops from air strikes and cruise missiles, countering enemy naval forces and landing forces;
• destroyers support landing forces, suppressing targets on the shore, on the water and in the air; participate in patrolling;
• anti-submarine ships search for and destroy enemy submarines, carry out anti-submarine and air defense of fleet forces;
• corvettes provide combat protection for convoys and fleet forces in roadsteads;
• minesweepers install and sweep minefields and participate in the defense of coastal areas from landing forces;
• landing ships deliver military equipment and troops to the shore;
• strategic submarines carry out attacks on enemy territory using ballistic missiles;
• multi-purpose submarines cover strategic submarines, conduct reconnaissance of launch areas, counter enemy submarines and surface forces, and strike with cruise missiles at various targets;
• specialized submarines participate in sabotage and reconnaissance operations, design tests and scientific research.

A quick glance at the presented table of Navy ships shows a wide variety of designs and types, which during operation leads to significant costs during repairs and modernization due to the poor unification of components, assemblies and weapons.

Another difficulty is training ship specialists to support the diverse ships in the fleet, many of which were built during the Soviet years and are now outdated and in need of modernization or decommissioning.

Navy uniform

The daily uniform of Navy sailors on ships includes:

• a blue shirt with a sailor collar;
• blue trousers with belt;
• vest;
• boots (low boots);
• cap (cap).

Sailors of coastal units wear general army uniforms.

The daily uniform of midshipmen and naval officers includes:

• cream-colored shirt;
• tie (black);
• trousers (black) with a waist belt;
• jacket (black);
• cap in the color of outerwear;
• muffler (white) and gloves (black);
• boots.

It is allowed to wear a cap, hat, sweater, raincoat, coat or jacket.

Women in the navy wear:

• cream blouses;
• black ties;
• skirts (black) with a waist belt;
• caps;
• shoes (boots);
• nude tights;
• jackets;
• in winter - berets or hats with earflaps,
• sweaters,
• coat,
• boots,
• muffler and gloves.

Navy dirk

Daggers are worn by midshipmen and naval officers on a belt belt when participating in ceremonial events. The history of the naval dirk begins in the 16th century, when it was used for its intended purpose as a melee weapon in close combat.

Nowadays, it is awarded to officers upon graduation from college along with a diploma and receipt of their first rank. Symbolizes the historical connection with generations of legendary Russian sailors who won many victories in battles at sea.

Navy parade in St. Petersburg

A colorful parade in honor of Russian Navy Day took place on July 29, 2018 in St. Petersburg.

40 modern ships and boats represented the country's 4 fleets and the Caspian flotilla (artillery-class boats with historical flags of the defenders of the country's borders during the Great Patriotic War).

After the salvo of the Peter and Paul Fortress, a boat with Supreme Commander-in-Chief V.V. receiving the parade. Putin, Minister of Defense General of the Army S.K. Shoigu and Commander-in-Chief of the Navy Admiral V.I. Korolev, walked along the line of ships. The personnel were congratulated on the holiday, V.V. Putin made a speech.

The ships on the Neva demonstrated the coherence of following in the wake formation, festive ranks of sailors on the decks. Ocean-going warships (missile cruiser and nuclear-powered missile submarine) and the latest frigates and submarines were demonstrated in the waters of Kronstadt. 38 aircraft and helicopters of the fleet aviation flew in the sky in various formations:

• Il-38N search aircraft;
• Su-30SM fighters;
• Su-33 multirole fighters;
• Ka-27M anti-ship search helicopters;
• anti-submarine aircraft Tu-142.

Officers, midshipmen and sailors of the fleet marched solemnly through the squares and embankments of the northern capital (in total, about 4 thousand military personnel took part in the parade).
Exhibitions of weapons of coastal defense units were a constant success among children and guests of the holiday.

Concept for the development of the Russian Navy in modern world The Russian Federation has a defensive orientation to the strategic concept of the development of the Armed Forces. Without planning attacks on neighboring countries, Russia is making proportionate efforts to maintain its defense capabilities at a sufficient level.

The main potential enemy, the United States, adheres to the concept of dominance in the vast seas and oceans. The emphasis is on large naval formations consisting of aircraft carriers and accompanying ships, submarines nuclear boats, which are capable of delivering preventive nuclear strikes on enemy territory with ballistic and cruise missiles, suppressing air defense systems and coastal defense units, and capturing port facilities and bases.

To effectively counter such formations, our country has created the latest types of weapons capable of hitting aircraft carriers and strategic submarines (cruise missiles "Zircon", "Caliber", "Onyx", high-speed deep-sea torpedoes), enemy coastal infrastructure (autonomous complex "Poseidon") .

Planned modernization of ships and their re-equipment are being carried out. Modern underwater missile strategic cruisers with the latest ballistic missiles, which are capable of undetectedly entering launch areas and delivering retaliatory strikes on strategic targets on enemy territory, are being actively built. Much attention is paid to the project of creating specialized complexes and robotic systems at the bottom that will act in the event of critical situations, being in “sleep” mode in peacetime.

Navy aviation is being replenished unmanned vehicles for various purposes, modern helicopters (Ka-62) and aircraft (MiG-29K for ships and Su-30SM for coastal aviation).

In recent years, the military infrastructure in the northern regions of our country has been developing: military camps in the Arctic design are being built, equipped with the latest detection and destruction equipment, and exercises are being conducted for the marine corps and ship crews in harsh conditions Far North, the icebreaker fleet is being modernized.

Additional research is being carried out in the waters of the Northern Sea Route, which is being used more and more intensively by both our country and other countries. They are actively developing mineral deposits on the ocean shelf. Ensuring the protection of our northern borders and economic facilities is one of the tasks of the Russian Northern Fleet.

With the reunification of the Crimean peninsula, the defense task of the country's Black Sea Fleet has become more complicated. The turbulent situation on the borders with Ukraine and in the Black Sea, the provocative actions of NATO ships force sailors to maintain high combat readiness and quickly master the latest technology and weapons of ships and coastal units.

Naval aviation demonstrates skill and forces potential provocateurs on the water to abandon their nefarious plans. Plans are being comprehensively developed to create two groups led by aircraft-carrying ships in the north and east, which will be able to withstand similar formations of a potential enemy and carry out the strategic tasks of the command.

A separate area of ​​training in the fleet is improving the skills and methods of conducting diving and sabotage work of special units of saboteurs. They currently have at their disposal submarines specially converted to deliver mini-submarines, special equipment, weapons and ammunition, advanced training and education techniques. Taking part in specialized exercises of sabotage units, our soldiers invariably take first place there.

To summarize, it is necessary to emphasize that in Russia, for development Navy Commensurate efforts are being made to re-equip the fleet and units covering the coastal and coastal zones with modern systems and weapons capable of ensuring the defense of the Motherland’s maritime borders.

Service in Navy was, is and will be difficult and honorable at all times.

Russian Navy (Navy of the Russian Federation ) is one of the three branches of the state's armed forces.

It is intended for armed defense of the interests of the Russian Federation, conducting combat operations in the sea and ocean theaters of war. The Russian Navy is capable of launching nuclear strikes on enemy ground targets, destroying its fleet groups at sea and at bases, disrupting the enemy’s ocean and sea communications and protecting its maritime transportation, assisting the Ground Forces in landing amphibious assault forces, and participating in repelling enemy landing forces.

Modern Russian Navy is the successor to the USSR Navy, which, in turn, was created on the basis of the Russian Imperial Navy. The birth of the Russian regular navy is considered to be 1696, when the boyar Duma issued a decree “There will be sea vessels.” The first ships were built at the shipyards of the Voronezh Admiralty. Over its 300-year history, the Russian fleet has gone through a glorious military path. 75 times the enemy lowered their flags in front of his ships.

Russian Navy Day celebrated on the last Sunday of July. This holiday was established by a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in 1939.

OPPORTUNITIES AND TASKS OF THE RUSSIAN NAVY

The importance of the Navy in the modern world is difficult to overestimate. This branch of the armed forces is best suited for global projection military power to any region of the globe. Specific capabilities inherent only to the Navy are:

1) Mobility and high autonomy, with the ability to reach any point in the World Ocean through neutral waters. While the mobility of the Ground Forces is, as a rule, limited within the borders of their own country, and the autonomy of Navy aircraft does not exceed several hours of flight, naval groups can operate for months at any distance from their bases. High mobility makes it difficult to launch strikes, including nuclear ones, against a deployed enemy naval group, because during the time required to prepare a strike, it can shift significantly, and not always in a predictable direction.

2) High firepower and the range of modern shipborne weapons. This allows the navy to hit targets located several hundred or even thousands of meters from the coast. Thus, the Navy is an important instrument of “non-contact” warfare. Combined with mobility and autonomy, this property allows one to exert military pressure on almost any (albeit with some restrictions) state in the world.

3) Short response time to a crisis situation. Possibility of rapid redeployment to a crisis region without long-term political and infrastructural costs.

3) The secrecy of the actions of the Navy's submarine forces. No other branch of the armed forces has this capability. It is the strategic submarine missile cruisers on combat duty that are the factor that can significantly limit the actions of a potential aggressor. After all, the exact location of underwater strategic cruisers is unknown; some of them may be very close to the shores of a potential enemy, and in the event of aggression against Russia, they are capable of delivering a retaliatory strike with monstrous consequences.

4) Versatility of application. The navy can be used in operations of various kinds:

• show of force,
• combat duty,
• naval blockade and protection of communications,
• peacekeeping and anti-piracy activities,
• humanitarian missions,
• transfer of ground forces,
• coastal protection,
• conventional and nuclear war on the sea,
• strategic nuclear deterrence,
• strategic missile defense,
• landing operations And fighting on land (independently or in cooperation with other types of armed forces).

Let us dwell on some aspects of the use of the Navy. What a demonstration of force is was shown quite recently, when a Russian Navy squadron led by the Admiral Kuznetsov TAVKR entered the Mediterranean Sea. Thus, the possibility of an external invasion of Syria was prevented. From that same time, a series of military successes began for the Assad regime in the fight against the “rebels.” But the United States has the greatest potential for demonstrating force. We can say that they demonstrate strength continuously in all key points of the globe, and this is an integral part of American foreign policy.

The United States also currently takes a leading position in the creation of a naval component of missile defense (BMD). The fleet is considered here as a maritime component of the global missile defense system. Interception of ballistic missiles is carried out by specially developed interceptor missiles launched from sea carriers under the control of the Aegis system. It is very likely that in the foreseeable future the Russian Navy will receive its own analogue of the Aegis. The media reported plans of the Russian Ministry of Defense in 2016 to begin construction of six destroyers equipped with elements of anti-missile and anti-space defense.

The Navy, as a global military instrument, must have its own air and land components. This is exactly what we see in the US Navy. Well-equipped expeditionary divisions of the US Marine Corps, with armored vehicles, aircraft and logistics support units, are capable of arriving anywhere in the world in the shortest possible time and landing on the coast for the purpose of conducting humanitarian, counterinsurgency operations, or full-scale combat operations. This is the essence of US colonial policy, and the Navy is its universal instrument. Russian sailors also had to fight a lot on land, but in a different way. Sailors went to the front in a critical situation and, as a rule, on their own soil. And this is not only the Civil War and the Second World War. In such purely land wars of the latest Russian history, like the First and Second Chechen ones, could not have happened without the participation of sailors.

In peacetime, the Russian Navy performs the following tasks:

• deterrence from the use of military force or the threat of its use against the Russian Federation;
• protection of the country's sovereignty, extending beyond its land territory to internal sea waters and the territorial sea, sovereign rights in the exclusive economic zone and on the continental shelf, as well as freedom open sea;
• creating and maintaining conditions to ensure the safety of maritime economic activities in the World Ocean;
• ensuring Russia's naval presence in the World Ocean, demonstrating the flag and military force, official visits;
• ensuring participation in military, peacekeeping and humanitarian actions carried out by the world community that meet the interests of the state;
• ensuring the personal safety of Russian citizens located in foreign coastal states in the event of conflict situations arising in them.

In peacetime, the tasks of the Russian Navy are solved by carrying out the following activities:

• combat patrols and combat duty of strategic missile submarines (SSBN) in established readiness to strike designated targets of a potential enemy;
• combat support of the RPLSN (ensuring the combat stability of the RPLSN) on routes and in combat patrol areas;
• searching for nuclear missile and multi-purpose submarines of a potential enemy and tracking them along routes and in mission areas in readiness for destruction with the outbreak of hostilities;
• observation of aircraft carrier and other naval strike groups of a potential enemy, tracking them in areas of their combat maneuvers in readiness to strike them with the outbreak of hostilities;
• revealing and hindering the activities of enemy reconnaissance forces and means in the seas and ocean areas adjacent to our coast, observing and tracking them in readiness for destruction with the outbreak of hostilities;
• ensuring the deployment of fleet forces during a threatened period;
• identification of communications and equipment of ocean and sea theaters in strategically important areas of the World Ocean;
• study of probable areas of combat operations and conditions for the use of various branches of the naval forces, the use of weapons and technical means;
• monitoring the activities of foreign fleets;
• protection of civil navigation;
• implementation of foreign policy actions of the country's leadership;
• protection and security of the State Border of the Russian Federation in the underwater environment;
• protection and security of the State Border of the Russian Federation in airspace and control of its use;
• protection of the State border of the Russian Federation on land and sea by military methods;
• assistance to the Border Troops of the FSB of the Russian Federation in protecting the State Border, territorial sea and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation;
• assistance to internal troops and internal affairs bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in suppressing internal conflicts and other actions using means of armed violence on the territory of the Russian Federation, ensuring public safety and the state of emergency in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation;
• sea ​​coast defense;
• assistance to the civil defense troops and the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation in eliminating the consequences of accidents, disasters, fires and natural disasters.

The tasks of the Russian Navy in war time the following:

• ensuring the combat stability of strategic missile submarines;
• defeating strike naval groups of enemy naval forces and gaining dominance in the near sea (ocean) zone, creating favorable conditions for actions in the coastal direction;
• protection of vital sea communications;
• landing amphibious assault forces and ensuring their actions on the shore;
• delivering fire strikes against aggressor troops from sea directions;
• protecting your coastline;
• blockade of the enemy coast (ports, naval bases, economic coastal areas, strait zones);
• in the event of the use of nuclear weapons by the enemy - destruction of ground objects on its territory, participation in the first and subsequent nuclear strikes.

It should be added that the World Ocean is both a colossal source of resources and a global transport artery. In the future, the importance of ocean control is likely to only increase. A pressing problem for Russia is the growing competition for control over the resources of the Arctic Ocean, which today looks increasingly promising from an economic point of view. And a strong navy is for Russia the key to the wealth of the North.

STRUCTURE AND COMBAT COMPOSITION OF THE RUSSIAN NAVY

The structure of the Russian Navy includes the following forces:

• surface;
• underwater;
• naval aviation;
• coastal troops.

Separate forces are special forces, logistics support and hydrographic service.

Let's take a closer look at each of the above types of forces of the Russian Navy.

Surface forces

They provide access to submarine combat areas, their deployment and return to bases, as well as transportation and cover of landing forces. Surface forces are assigned the main role in protecting communications, laying and eliminating minefields.

The surface forces of the Russian Navy have the following classes of ships:

Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser(TAKR) Project 11435 - 1 (“Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov”) as part of the Northern Fleet. The cruiser was put into operation in 1991. The main attack weapons of the aircraft carrier are 12 Granit anti-ship missile launchers and an air wing consisting of carrier-based training aircraft Su-25UTG and Su-33 fighters, as well as Ka-27 and K-29 helicopters. Currently, the air wing actually includes 10 Su-33 fighters. These aircraft lack strike capabilities; their task is long-range defense of an aircraft carrier group. After the planned large-scale modernization, the TAKR air wing will increase to 50 aircraft, of which 26 are MiG-29K or Su-27K fighters. It is also planned to replace the current unreliable boiler-turbine power plant with a gas turbine or nuclear one.

Heavy nuclear missile cruisers(TARK) Project 1144 "Orlan" - 4. These are the largest and most powerful non-aircraft carriers in the world attack ships. Their main armament is 20 Granit anti-ship missile launchers. At the moment, the Russian Navy has only one combat-ready cruiser of this project - “Peter the Great” in the Northern Fleet. The rest - “Kirov”, “Admiral Lazarev”, “Admiral Nakhimov” - for various reasons were not operational and were in storage for a long time. Currently, work has begun on their repair and modernization. Commissioning of these ships is planned in 2018-2020.

Missile cruisers Project 1164 "Atlant" - 3, of which one ("Marshal Ustinov") is under repair until 2015. The main armament is 8x2 anti-ship missile launchers P-1000 "Vulcan". There are two cruisers of this type in service - the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet GRKR "Moscow" and the flagship of the Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy RKR "Varyag".

All of the cruisers described above have extremely high striking power. They are intended primarily to strike large enemy surface ships, provide air defense and combat stability of naval groups, and fire support for landing forces. By the way, Project 1164 cruisers are sometimes called “aircraft carrier killers,” but this is an exaggeration. The P-1000 supersonic anti-ship missiles really have no analogues in the world, and a hit from several of these missiles can send an aircraft carrier to the bottom, but the problem is that the range of American carrier-based aircraft is much greater than the flight range of Russian (and any other) anti-ship missiles .

Large anti-submarine ships (LAS) - 9. This is a specific class of ships in the Soviet and Russian fleets. In Western fleets, these ships could be classified as destroyers. Currently, the Russian Navy has 7 BOD Project 1155 "Fregat", 1 BOD 1155.1 and 1 - 1134B. As the name suggests, BODs are primarily designed for anti-submarine warfare. The priority armament is anti-submarine, including Ka-27 anti-submarine helicopters. Guided missile weapons are represented by air defense systems. There are no anti-ship missile weapons. True, information recently appeared in the media that BOD Project 1155 will be modernized. The modernization of the BOD will include equipping it with modern A-192 cannons, Caliber missiles and the latest air defense and missile defense system with S-400 Redut missiles. To control the new weapons, the ship's electronics will also be replaced. Thus, BODs will gain versatility and, in terms of their combat capabilities, will actually be equal to destroyers.

During the modernization, one of the BOD Project 1155 “Smetlivy” was converted into a TFR for the far sea zone.

Destroyers (DES) Project 956 “Sarych”, there are 7 in the fleet, another one is undergoing repairs and modernization. Currently, Project 956 destroyers are obsolete and cannot compete with American Arleigh Burke-class destroyers. Advantage American destroyers– in versatility (their Mk 41 launcher houses the entire range of anti-aircraft and anti-ship missiles) and the presence of the Aegis system. The Russian fleet has nothing like this yet. It must be admitted that while in other countries (USA, Japan) destroyers are the “backbone” of military fleets, in the Russian Navy they are represented extremely insignificantly. We can talk about the imbalance of the Russian fleet in this regard. However, at present, the requirements for a promising destroyer of the Russian Navy have been formulated and its development is underway.

Corvettes Project 20380 “Guarding” – 3 (5 more are under construction). These are the latest multi-purpose ships of the 2nd rank in the near sea zone. They carry balanced weapons: anti-ship missiles (2x4 Uran anti-ship missile systems), artillery (1x100 mm A-190), anti-aircraft (4x8 Redut air defense systems, 2x6 30-mm AU AK-630M), anti-submarine (2x4 330-mm TA) and aviation (1 Ka-27PL helicopter).

Patrol ships (TFR)- 4. Of these, Project 11540 "Yastreb" - 2, Project 1135 and 1135M - 2. Another 3 ships of Project 1135M are part of the Coast Guard of the FSB of Russia.

Missile ships (RK)– 2, project 11661 “Cheetah”. According to the NATO classification, these ships belong to the class of frigates; in Russia, until 2003, they were considered patrol ships, but they are distinguished from conventional TFR by incomparably more powerful weapons: 1x76-mm guns, two 30-mm automated guns (on the lead ship of the Tatarstan series "), torpedo tubes, RBU, anti-ship missile systems (on the ship "Tatarstan" - the Uran anti-ship missile system with X-35 missiles, on the "Dagestan" - the universal Kalibr-NK anti-ship missile system, which can be used to launch several types of high-precision cruise missiles missiles; "Dagestan" became the first ship of the Russian Navy to receive this complex), anti-aircraft weapons (on "Tatarstan" - "Osa-MA-2", on "Dagestan" air defense system "Broadsword").

Small anti-submarine ships– 28. These are mainly ships of projects 1124 and 1124M, built in the 1970s – 1980s. last century. The main armament is anti-submarine and torpedo; there are artillery, air defense systems and electronic warfare equipment.

Small rocket ships (MRK, according to the Western classification - corvettes) - 14 ships pr.1234.1 and 1234.7 "Gadfly". Ships of this series were built from 1967 to 1992. Despite their small size, MRKs have high striking power. Basics strike weapons– 6 P-120 Malachite anti-ship missile launchers, or 4 P-20 Termit-E anti-ship missile launchers or 12 Oniks anti-ship missile launchers. The Russian Navy also has two latest-built river-sea class missiles, Project 21631 Buyan-M, armed with 1x8 Kalibr or Onyx anti-ship missiles, artillery and machine gun mounts, and a 30-mm anti-aircraft gun.

Large missile boats(RKA) – 28, various modifications Project 1241 "Molniya" (1241.1, 12411T, 12411RE, 1241.7). The boats are equipped with anti-ship weapons - 4 ZM80 Moskit missiles and 1x76-mm AK-176 AU, and electronic warfare equipment. Anti-aircraft weapons are purely symbolic - 1 Strela-3 or Igla MANPADS. At least one boat of this type received new anti-aircraft weapons during modernization: the Broadsword air defense system with the ability to install two quadruple anti-aircraft missile launchers.

Small artillery ships (MAK) – 4. This class includes one ship pr.12411 after modernization and 3 new ones Russian ships class "river-sea" project 21630 "Buyan", armed with 1x8 anti-ship missiles "Caliber" or "Onyx", artillery and machine gun mounts, 30-mm anti-aircraft machine gun.

Artillery boats (AKA)– 6. Of these, Project 1204 “Shmel” - 3, and Project 1400M “Grif” - 3. Designed for operations on rivers and lakes, as well as in coastal shallow areas of the sea. Currently, 5 of the 6 AKAs in service are serving as part of the Caspian Flotilla. Project 1204 boats have armor and fairly powerful weapons: a 76-mm tank gun, a BM-14-7 rocket launcher, a 14.5-mm anti-aircraft machine gun mount and mine weapons. Project 1400M boats are intended for patrol and border service. Their armament is a 12.7 mm turret-mounted machine gun.

Sea minesweepers (MTSh)- 13, of which Project 12660 - 2, Project 266M and 266ME - 9, Project 02668 - 1, Project 1332 - 1. The main armament of sea minesweepers is anti-mine and anti-submarine. MTSH are designed for laying minefields, searching, destroying sea ​​mines and guiding ships through minefields. The minesweepers are equipped with contact, acoustic and electromagnetic trawls, as well as special mine detection sonar. For self-defense, minesweepers have artillery and missile weapons: 76-, 30-, 25-mm gun mounts, Strela-3 air defense systems, etc.

Basic minesweepers (BTSH)– 22, all ships – Project 1265 “Yakhont” 70s. the buildings.

Raid minesweepers (RTSH)– 23, of which Project 1258 – 4, Project 10750 – 8, Project 697TB – 2, Project 12592 – 4, radio-controlled river minebreakers Project 13000 – 5.

Large landing ships (LHDK)– 19. Of these, 15 are BDK Project 775, which are the basis of the Russian landing fleet. Each ship is designed to carry 225 paratroopers and 10 tanks. In addition to transporting troops, large landing craft are designed to provide fire support. For this purpose, the BDK Project 775 has an MS-73 “Groza” MLRS with a firing range of 21 km and two twin 57-mm AK-725 gun mounts. The ship's air defense consists of a 76-mm AK-176 gun mount and two six-barreled 30-mm AK-630 gun mounts. They can also be used for the ship's self-defense against light enemy surface forces. The remaining 4 large landing craft are represented by the older Project 1171 “Tapir”. Ships of this project can transport 300 paratroopers and 20 tanks or 45 armored personnel carriers. Their armament consists of 2 A-215 Grad-M MLRS and a twin 57-mm ZIF-31B artillery mount.

Small air-cushion landing craft (SADHC)– 2 ships pr.12322 “Bison”. These ships were created in the 80s. last century and still have no analogues in terms of carrying capacity in this class of vessels. Each ship can carry three tanks or 10 armored personnel carriers and 140 troops. The design of the ship allows it to move over land, swampy areas and land troops deep in enemy defenses. The ship's armament consists of 2 A-22 "Fire" launchers with 140-mm unguided rockets and two AK-630 gun mounts; For air defense, the ship has 8 Igla MANPADS.

Landing craft (LKA)– 23, of which 12 are project 1176 “Shark”, 9 are project 11770 “Chamois”, 1 are project 21820 “Dugong” and 1 are project 1206 “Squid”. Landing boats are designed for landing troops on unequipped coasts. Project 11770 and 21820 boats are the latest. When they move, the principle of an air cavity is used, which makes it possible to minimize water resistance and, due to this, reach a speed of more than 30 knots. The carrying capacity of boats pr. 11770 is 1 tank or up to 45 tons of cargo, boats pr. 21820 - 2 tanks or up to 140 tons of cargo.

Submarine forces

The main tasks of the submarine force are:

• defeating important enemy ground targets;
• search and destruction of enemy submarines, aircraft carriers and other surface ships, its landing forces, convoys, single transports (ships) at sea;
• reconnaissance, ensuring the guidance of their strike forces and issuing target designations to them;
• destruction of offshore oil and gas complexes, landing of special-purpose reconnaissance groups (detachments) on the enemy coast;
• laying mines and others.

Includes a strategic nuclear component (which is an integral part of Russia's nuclear triad) and general purpose forces.

Strategic submarine forces of the Russian Navy are designed to carry out combat duty with nuclear ballistic missiles on board and, if the command is received, to launch nuclear strikes on enemy ground targets. They include 14 nuclear-powered strategic missile submarines (SSBNs; sometimes also referred to as SSBNs, or “nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines”). The main part of the SSBN - 10 units. - concentrated on the Northern Fleet, another 3 SSBNs are part of the Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy.

True, not all of these ships are in combat-ready condition. Two ships of Project 941 "Akula" due to lack of ammunition (the R-39 ballistic missiles used on them have been removed from service) have been put into reserve and are planned for disposal. The lead ship of the same series, Dmitry Donskoy, was modernized in 2008 for the new Bulava missile system and after modernization received the designation 941UM.

Of the three submarines Project 667BDR "Kalmar" (all part of the Pacific Fleet), two are in service, one is undergoing repair and modernization. These submarines are equipped with R-29R intercontinental liquid ballistic missiles. Currently, the submarines of the Kalmar project are largely morally and physically obsolete and are planned for decommissioning.

SSBN pr.667BDRM "Dolphin" is still the main naval component of the strategic nuclear triad of the Russian Federation. The Russian Navy has seven submarines of this project, of which five are actually in service. The Ekaterinburg submarine is being restored after a severe fire that occurred on December 29, 2011. The BS-64 submarine is being converted into a carrier of deep-sea vehicles to perform special tasks, that is, it will no longer be used as a missile cruiser.

It should be noted that all of the above submarines were built in the USSR and belong to the third generation of SSBNs.

They should be replaced by fourth-generation SSBNs Project 955 “Borey”, armed with “Bulava” missiles, but to date the Russian Navy has received only the lead ship of this series, the “Yuri Dolgoruky”. The latter became the only strategic missile submarine built in Russia from the collapse of the Union to the present day. True, the current construction program for the Borei SSBN provides for the construction of 10 ships by 2020.

Thus, the Russian Navy currently has only nine SSBNs in combat-ready condition. True, if we consider that the US Navy has 14 SSBNs, we can talk about relative parity for ships of this class.

General Purpose Submarine Force include nuclear-powered cruise missile submarines, nuclear general purpose submarines, diesel-electric submarines, and special purpose nuclear and diesel submarines.

They have the following ship composition:

Nuclear submarines with cruise missiles (SSGN or APRC– nuclear submarine missile cruiser) – 8, Project 949A “Antey”. Of these, 5 are in service, 1 is under repair, 2 are in reserve. These submarines are armed with 24 supersonic anti-ship ZM-45 of the P-700 “Granit” complex and are intended, first of all, for unexpected strikes on enemy naval formations. They are considered, along with naval missile-carrying aircraft, one of the main means of countering AUGs of the US Navy. The secrecy of reaching the missile launch line and unprecedented striking power - more than that of any surface missile cruiser - give a formation of two SSGNs a real chance of destroying an aircraft carrier. At one time, an anti-aircraft division was created in the USSR Navy, which included 2 groups of 2 SSGNs and one submarine, Project 671RTM. The division successfully conducted a tactical exercise using a real AUG "America".

Multi-purpose nuclear submarines (SSN)– 19. Of these: Project 971 “Shchuka-B” - 11, Project 671RTMK – 4, Project 945 “Barracuda” – 2, Project 945A “Condor” – 2. The main task of the submarine is tracking strategic submarines and AUG of a potential enemy and their destruction in the event of the outbreak of war.

Submarines pr.971 "Shchuka-B" are the basis of the multi-purpose submarine forces of the Russian Navy. They are armed with a missile-torpedo system that allows the use of various types of ammunition: torpedoes, missile-torpedoes, underwater missiles, anti-submarine guided missiles (ASLM), cruise missiles S-10 grenades with nuclear warheads for attacks on AUG, high-precision cruise missiles for attacks on ground targets .

Project 945 Barracuda submarines are the first Soviet third-generation submarines, and Condor is a development of this project. Armament: torpedoes and missile-torpedoes. A distinctive feature of Project 945A is the level of unmasking signs (noisiness and magnetic fields). This submarine was considered the quietest in the USSR Navy.

Project 671RTMK submarines are largely outdated and should be removed from service in the future. Currently, two of the four existing submarines of this type are combat-ready.

Diesel submarines (DPL)- 19, of which Project 877 "Halibut" - 16, Project 877EKM - 1, Project 641B "Som" - 1 (was under major repairs, at present the final fate of the boat - disposal or resumption of repairs - has not been determined), pr. .677 Lada – 1.

Project 877 submarines have extremely low noise levels and versatile weapons: torpedo tubes and "Club-S" missile systems. In the West, this submarine received the nickname “Black Hole” for its stealth.

The only submarine Project 641B “B-380” remaining in the fleet was undergoing major repairs for a long time; At present, the final fate of the boat - disposal or resumption of repairs - is not determined.

DPL pr.677 “Lada” is a development of the “Halibut” project. However, due to a number of technical shortcomings in 2011-2012. the project was sharply criticized by the command of the Russian Navy. In particular, the power plant turned out to be capable of developing no more than half of the power specified in the project. It was decided to finalize the project. Currently, the lead ship of the B-585 series “St. Petersburg” has been built and is in trial operation. After eliminating the shortcomings, construction of the series will likely continue.

Special purpose nuclear submarines (PLASN)– 9, of which Project 1851 – 1, 18511 – 2, Project 1910 – 3, Project 10831 – 1, Project 09787 – 1, Project 09786 – 1. All PLSN are part of the 29th brigade of nuclear submarines special purpose boats. The brigade's activities are strictly classified. It is known that PLSN are equipped with special equipment and are designed to carry out work at great depths and on the bottom of the World Ocean. The brigade is part of the Northern Fleet, but is directly subordinate to Main Directorate of Deep Sea Research ( GUGI) General Staff of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Special Purpose Diesel Submarine (PLSN)– 1, pr.20120 “Sarov”. Designed to test new types of weapons and military equipment. In 2012, the media reported that the Sarov PLSN was equipped with an experimental hydrogen power plant, which, in case of successful tests, will be installed on the submarine pr.677.

In addition to warships, the Russian Navy includes auxiliary vessels of various types:

• intelligence : large nuclear reconnaissance ship, large, medium and small reconnaissance ships, communications ships, air surveillance ship, underwater situation lighting ships, search and rescue ship;
• rescue : rescue ships, fire-fighting and rescue boats, raid diving boats, rescue sea tugs, ship-lifting vessel, etc.
• transport : integrated supply ship, dry cargo and liquid vessels, sea ferries, combined arms self-propelled ferry;
• floating bases : submarines, technical and rocket technology;
• floating workshops ;
• hydrographic ships ;
• demagnetization, hydroacoustic and physical field control vessels .

Naval aviation

Includes airplanes and helicopters for various purposes. Main goals:

• search and destruction of combat forces of the enemy fleet, landing forces, convoys;
• covering their naval groups from air strikes;
• destruction of airplanes, helicopters and cruise missiles;
• conducting aerial reconnaissance;
• targeting enemy naval forces with their strike forces and issuing target designations to them;
• participation in mine laying, mine action, electronic warfare (EW), transportation and landing, search and rescue operations at sea. Naval aviation operates both independently and in cooperation with other branches of the fleet or formations of other branches of the Armed Forces.

Naval aviation is divided into deck-based and shore-based aviation. Until 2011, the naval aviation of the Russian Navy included: missile-carrying, attack, fighter, anti-submarine, search and rescue, transport and special aviation. After the military reform of 2011, the state and prospects of naval aviation are vague. According to available information, its organizational structure currently includes 7 air bases and the 279th naval air regiment assigned to the Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft carrier.

About 300 aircraft remain in naval aviation. Of them:

• 24 Su-24M/MR,
• 21 Su-33 (in flight condition no more than 12),
• 16 Tu-142 (in flight condition no more than 10),
• 4 Su-25 UTG (279th naval aviation regiment),
• 16 Il-38 (in flight condition no more than 10),
• 7 Be-12 (mainly for the Black Sea Fleet, will be decommissioned in the near future),
• 95 Ka-27 (no more than 70 operational),
• 10 Ka-29 (assigned to the Marines),
• 16 Mi-8,
• 11 An-12 (several in reconnaissance and electronic warfare versions),
• 47 An-24 and An-26,
• 8 An-72,
• 5 Tu-134,
• 2 Tu-154,
• 2 IL-18,
• 1 IL-22,
• 1 IL-20,
• 4 Tu-134UBL.

Of these, no more than 43% of the total number are technically serviceable and capable of performing combat missions in full.

Before the reform, the Navy aviation had two fighter regiments, the 698th OGIAP with Su-27 fighters and the 865th IAP with MiG-31 fighters. They are currently transferred to the Air Force.

Attack and naval missile-carrying aircraft (Tu-22M3) were eliminated. The latter looks more than strange, given that the MRA has long been considered one of the main and most effective means of combating the AUG of a potential enemy near our maritime borders. In 2011, all Tu-22M3 missile-carrying bombers of naval missile-carrying aviation, consisting of three squadrons, were hastily transferred to the Air Force Long-Range Aviation. Thus, all Tu-22M3 missile carriers are now concentrated in the Air Force, and the Navy has lost an important part of its combat potential.

Apparently, this decision was dictated not so much by military considerations as by realities today. Due to long-term catastrophic underfunding combat training naval aviation pilots were carried out at a more than modest level, only one 1/3 of the crews could be considered combat ready; Tu-22M3 aircraft have not been modernized for a long time. In fact, in the 1990s and early 2000s, only those who learned it in Soviet times could fly in naval aviation. At the same time, the combat effectiveness of Long-Range Aviation in modern Russia continues to be at least somehow maintained. The missile carriers were transferred to places where they are still able to service them and can fly them. In addition, the collection of all Tu-22M3 aircraft in one structure, in theory, should reduce the cost of their maintenance. Currently, out of 150 aircraft of this type available to Russia, only 40 are combat-ready. It is reported that thirty Tu-22M3 will undergo a deep modernization with the replacement of all electronics and will receive a new high-precision missile X-32.

The rest of the Tu-22M3 are in non-flying condition for various reasons and are “mothballed.” Judging by the photos, the condition of these far from old cars is not very good. If we talk about completing such a task as the destruction of at least one Nimitz-class aircraft carrier, then this will require at least 30 Tu-22M3, that is, almost all available combat-ready vehicles. If you divide 40 missile carriers between two structures, it turns out that the fight against AUG is beyond the capabilities of the missile-carrying units of either of them.

In general, after the reform, naval aviation was deprived of most of its striking power, and is currently concentrating on the tasks of anti-submarine defense (ASW), patrol and search and rescue operations, while maintaining a single regiment of ship-based fighters and limited opportunities to carry out strike missions from ground airfields.

The patrols carried out by Il-38 and Tu-142M3/MK aircraft in the Pacific region and the Arctic are a demonstration of military presence and have important political significance. Due to Russia's serious political and economic interests in the Arctic, maritime patrol aircraft monitor ice conditions and the movements of foreign ships in this region.

Another one important function naval aviation - anti-submarine. It is also carried out by Il-38 and Tu-142M3/MK aircraft. The anti-submarine function in peacetime includes "offensive" and "defensive" combat patrols. The first includes monitoring the areas of possible presence of SSBNs of a potential enemy, primarily American submarines. In the second case, Russian anti-submarine aviation covers the probable patrol areas of its strategic missile carriers, monitoring the activity of enemy submarines that may pose a threat to Russian SSBNs when they are on combat duty.

The Russian Navy also has specialized Ka-27PL anti-submarine helicopters. These are reliable machines that still have a significant service life, just like the Ka-27PS search and rescue helicopters. The Black Sea Fleet has 8 Mi-8 helicopters equipped with electronic warfare equipment.

Coastal strike aviation of the Russian Navy is represented by the only 43rd naval attack squadron of the Black Sea Fleet, consisting of 18 Su-24 front-line bombers and 4 Su-24MR reconnaissance aircraft. It is based in Crimea at the Gvardeyskoye airfield. The squadron was not transferred to the Air Force because this could not be done without international complications.

Also equipped with the Su-24, the 4th Separate Marine Attack Aviation Regiment (OMSHAP), based in Chernyakhovsk (Kaliningrad region), became the 7052nd air base in 2009, but was transferred to the Air Force in March 2011.

The Navy's transport aviation has at its disposal the An-12, An-24 aircraft and one An-72 short take-off and landing aircraft.

The Black Sea Fleet has three or four Be-12PS turboprop amphibians, which are mainly used for search and rescue and patrol operations. These machines are significantly outdated and have expired.

Moral and physical obsolescence of the flight fleet is a serious problem for the Russian Navy aviation. So far, it has only been partially resolved. Thus, new Ka-52K helicopters will be purchased for the acquired Mistral UDC, Ka-31 AWACS helicopters and MiG-29K carrier-based fighters for the Kuznetsov aircraft carrier. The Su-33 fighter jets are also being modernized.

The training of naval aviation pilots of the Russian Navy is carried out by the 859th The educational center Naval Aviation in Yeysk on the Sea of ​​Azov. It carries out both retraining of pilots for new types of aircraft and training of ground personnel.

To train carrier-based aviation pilots of the Russian Navy, the unique NITKA training ground, located in Crimea and owned by the Ukrainian Navy, is used. In 2008-2010 Due to international complications caused by the “Five Day War” with Georgia, the Russians were deprived of the opportunity to conduct training at the complex. Accordingly, for three years, the training of young pilots of the 279th naval aviation regiment was greatly hampered, since pilots are allowed to fly from the deck of the Kuznetsov aircraft carrier only after successful training at NITKA. In 2013, Russia refused to use the Ukrainian THREAD, as it was actively building its own, more advanced THREAD in Yeisk. In July 2013, the first test flights of the Su-25UTG and MiG-29KUB aircraft were successfully carried out on it.

Coastal troops

Designed for the defense of the coast, bases and other ground facilities and participation in amphibious assaults. Includes coastal missile and artillery troops and marine infantry.

Coastal missile and artillery forces of the Russian Navy include:

• 2 separate coastal missile regiments;
• 1 Guards Missile Brigade;
• 3 separate coastal missile and artillery brigades;
• 3 anti-aircraft missile regiments;
• 2 electronic warfare regiments;
• 2 motorized rifle brigades;
• 1 motorized rifle regiment;
• separate naval road engineering battalion;
• communication nodes.

The basis of the firepower of the Coastal Forces of the Russian Navy is the Redut, Rubezh, Bal-E, Club-M, K-300P Bastion-P anti-ship missile systems, and the A-222 Bereg self-propelled artillery system. There are also standard samples of artillery weapons and military equipment of the ground forces: 122-mm 9K51 Grad MLRS, 152-mm 2A65 Msta-B howitzers, 152-mm 2S5 Giatsint self-propelled guns, 152-mm 2A36 Giatsint- towed guns B", 152-mm D-20 howitzer guns, 122-mm D-30 howitzers, up to 500 T-80, T-72 and T-64 tanks, more than 200 BTR-70 and BTR-80 armored personnel carriers.

Marine Corps includes:

• 3 MP brigades;
• 2 MP regiments;
• two individual battalions MP.

The Marines are armed with T-80, T-72 and PT-76 tanks, combat vehicles infantry BMP-2 and BMP-3F, armored personnel carriers BTR-80, BTR-70 and MTLB, gun mounts "Nona-S", "Nona-SVK" on the floating chassis BTR and "Gvozdika". Currently, a new tracked infantry fighting vehicle is being developed specifically for the fleet.

The Marine Corps of the Russian Navy is considered a special elite branch of the fleet, however, unlike the US Marine Corps, which is, in fact, a full-fledged army, the Russian Marine Corps can only solve tasks of a tactical nature.

In addition to the indicated coastal forces, the Russian Navy includes separate maritime reconnaissance points () and detachments for combating underwater sabotage forces and means (OB PDSS).

OPERATIONAL AND STRATEGIC ASSOCIATIONS OF THE RUSSIAN NAVY

The operational-strategic formations of the Russian Navy are:

Baltic Fleet with headquarters in Kaliningrad. Ship composition: 3 diesel submarines, 2 destroyers, 3 corvettes, 2 patrol ships, 4 small missile ships, 7 small anti-submarine ships, 7 missile boats, 5 base minesweepers, 14 raid minesweepers, 4 large landing ships, 2 small landing ships VP, 6 landing boats. Total: submarines - 3, surface ships - 56.

Northern Fleet with headquarters in Severomorsk. Ship composition: 10 nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines, 3 nuclear-powered cruise missile submarines, 14 attack nuclear-powered submarines, 9 nuclear-powered special-purpose submarines, 1 diesel-powered special-purpose submarine, 6 diesel-powered submarines, 1 heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser, 2 heavy nuclear-powered submarines missile cruisers, 1 missile cruiser, 5 BOD, 1 destroyer, 3 small missile ships, 1 gun boat, 6 small anti-submarine ships, 4 sea minesweepers, 6 base minesweepers, 1 raid minesweeper, 4 large landing ships, 4 landing boats. Total: submarines - 43, surface ships - 39.

Black Sea Fleet with headquarters in Sevastopol. Ship composition: 2 diesel submarines, 1 missile cruiser, 2 BOD, 3 SKR, 7 MPK, 4 MRK, 5 missile boats, 7 sea minesweepers, 2 base minesweepers, 2 raid minesweepers, 7 large landing ships, 2 landing boats. Total: submarines - 2, surface ships - 41.

Pacific Fleet with headquarters in Vladivostok. Ship composition: 3 nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines, 5 nuclear-powered cruise missile submarines, 5 multi-purpose nuclear submarines, 8 diesel submarines, 1 heavy nuclear-powered missile cruiser, 1 missile cruiser, 4 large anti-submarine ships, 3 destroyers, 8 small anti-submarine ships, 4 small missile ships, 11 missile boats, 2 sea minesweepers, 7 base minesweepers, 1 raid minesweeper, 4 large landing ships, 4 landing boats. Total: submarines - 21, surface ships - 50.

Caspian flotilla with headquarters in Astrakhan. Ship composition: 2 patrol ships, 4 small artillery ships, 5 missile boats, 5 artillery boats, 2 base minesweepers, 5 raid minesweepers, 7 landing boats. Total: surface ships - 28.

The Northern and Pacific fleets are full-fledged ocean-going fleets. Their ships can conduct all types of naval operations in the far ocean zone. Only these two fleets of the Russian Navy have submarines and SSBNs. All Russian missile cruisers are also concentrated here except the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet, the RKR Moskva.

The Baltic and Black Sea fleets are predominantly maritime fleets. Their ships can also enter the World Ocean, but only in global peace, to carry out expeditionary operations against an obviously weaker enemy.

GENERAL ASSESSMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF THE RUSSIAN NAVY

Russia has the longest maritime borders in the world - 43 thousand km, and therefore the importance of the Navy for it is very great. At the same time, no country in the world has such an inconvenient strategic location of access to the sea. All fleets of the Russian Navy are isolated from each other, and in the event of a war in one of the directions, the transfer of forces from others is extremely difficult.

The peak of the power of the USSR Navy occurred in the 80s of the last century. According to Western experts of that time, a formation of three AUGs of the US Navy, in the event of the outbreak of hostilities in the area of ​​responsibility of the Northern Fleet of the USSR Navy, most likely would have lasted no longer than a day.

With the collapse of the USSR, the rapid degradation of the fleet began. According to some estimates, compared to the USSR in the 80s, Russia has lost up to 80% of its naval power. Nevertheless, in the world ranking of fleets in terms of combat power, the Russian fleet still ranks second (after the American one), and in terms of the number of ships - sixth.

According to some estimates, the Russian Navy is inferior in combat capabilities to the US Navy by more than one and a half times. The advantage of the Americans is in the number of nuclear submarines, the number and quality of guided missile destroyers and, of course, the presence of 11 nuclear aircraft carriers in the fleet. However, recently there has been a trend towards a revival of the Russian fleet, while the US is at the peak of its naval power, which is likely to decline in the future.

The basis of the combat strength of the Russian navy are Soviet-built ships. At the same time, in recent years there has been active construction of new ships.

First of all, there is a desire to increase the capabilities of the Russian Navy in the near sea zone. This is necessary to protect the country’s economic interests on the continental shelf, and at the same time is not as ruinous as the construction of large warships in the far ocean zone. The surface ships under construction and planned for construction are: 8 frigates of the far sea zone, project 22350, 6 frigates of the far sea zone, project 11356, 35 corvettes (ships of the near sea zone), of which at least 20 ships of project 20380 and 20385, 5- 10 small missile ships Project 21631, four Mistral helicopter carriers, at least 20 small landing ships Dugong and a series of base minesweepers Project 12700 Alexandrite. Of course, these ships are not intended to compete with the United States for supremacy at sea. Rather, they are suitable for opposing lower-ranking fleets, such as the Swedish or Norwegian, in the struggle for Arctic resources, or participating in international missions, for example, against Somali pirates.

At the same time, attention is paid to updating the strategic submarine forces. Three SSBNs Project 955 “Borey” are being built. In total, eight of them should be built. As for general-purpose submarine forces, first of all, it should be noted the construction of eight new fourth-generation multi-purpose nuclear submarines, Project 885 Yasen, for the Russian Navy. Also, 6 diesel submarines Project 636.3 “Varshavyanka” will be built, which are a further development of the submarines Project 877EKM.

In recent years, the media has been discussing the creation of a Russian nuclear-powered aircraft carrier similar to the Nimitz-class aircraft carriers. According to some reports, it is planned to create up to five AUGs in the Russian Navy. Currently, the domestic aircraft carrier is at the design stage. The problem is that some technologies available to the Americans are simply not available in Russia, in particular, the electromagnetic catapult that will be equipped with the latest American aircraft carriers Gerald Ford series. In addition, the aircraft carrier needs modern escort ships designed to operate as part of the AUG. Among them, an important role is played by destroyers, which are now practically absent from the Russian Navy. Approximately, the commissioning of the first domestic aircraft carrier is planned for 2023, but, apparently, this is still the most optimistic time frame.

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The Russian Navy, which our country now has, is one of the most powerful and combat-ready in the world. The Russian fleet has earned this position not only by the current state of its crew, but also by the legacy it inherited from the Soviet Union. This primarily concerns the level of training of command personnel and technical equipment fleet infrastructure. The huge naval economy inherited from the Soviet navy allows Russia to maintain its leading position at sea. Russia today is trying to continue the glorious maritime traditions that began during the time of Tsar Peter I.

The fleet continues to remain one of the most powerful and combat-ready branches of the armed forces of the Russian Federation. Service in the Navy today is honorable. Despite difficulties and trials, young people willingly go to serve in the navy.

Paying tribute to naval traditions, an official holiday was already established in modern Russia - the Day of the Navy of the Russian Federation. In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 31, 2006, every last Sunday of July is celebrated in the country as Russian Navy Day. The holiday is celebrated throughout the country, starting from the westernmost point on the country’s map to the eastern borders. From the Baltic Naval Base in the Baltic to the eastern borders, in Vladivostok and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. From the village of Polyarny and Murmansk in the Far North, to Sevastopol and Novorossiysk on the Black Sea. During the celebrations, naval parades are held in cities and at fleet bases with the participation of ships and units of the Navy, Marine Corps units and naval aviation.

However, the parade and festivities are one side of the coin, and the daily work of maintaining the ships and other units of the Russian Navy at a high level of combat readiness is completely different. The fleet is a complex living mechanism, with its own skeleton - structure and thousands of technological and departmental connections that play the role of blood vessels of a huge mechanism. Without large capital investments, without updating the crew and putting the coastal infrastructure in order, the fleet will not be able to remain in combat-ready condition for long.

Navy ships that entered service during the Soviet era are gradually falling into disrepair. The rear infrastructure of the fleet is morally outdated; urgent military-technical modernization of the combat ships in service is required. The fleet needs radical technical re-equipment and re-equipment. Evidence that the country's leadership understands the importance of naval problems is the fleet development program adopted in July 2017, which provides for the gradual modernization of the Russian fleet until 2030. The basis of the adopted program clearly spells out the necessary measures that will make the Russian Navy a modern combat mechanism by the specified time.

Russian fleet today. Organizational structure

Traditionally, the navy is a separate branch of the Armed Forces of our country, with its own commander-in-chief and General Staff. The tasks of the fleet include armed protection of Russia's maritime borders and ensuring the interests of the Russian state in all naval military theaters. In its structure and composition, the Russian fleet is an ocean-going fleet capable of striking nuclear missile strikes against a potential enemy, ensure the conduct of tactical operations in any corner of the globe, act on enemy communications on the high seas and near its shores. Together with the ground forces and air force, the navy is participating in repelling aggression committed against the Russian state by its entire personnel. The army and navy act in close cooperation with each other in repelling aggression.

Like other types of armed forces, the Russian fleet has all the necessary attributes and regalia that comply with the Charter and regulations of the navy. The main symbol is the St. Andrew's flag. Each structural formation that is part of the fleet has its own distinct Navy sign, which allows one to distinguish sailors from the Northern Fleet from servicemen of the Caspian Military Flotilla.

Today the composition of the Navy is as follows:

• submarine forces;
• surface forces;
• naval aviation units;
• Marines;
• units and units of coastal defense troops.

It should be noted that each branch of the military that is part of the fleet has its own specific goals and objectives, which together ensure the combat effectiveness of the fleet at any time and in any place. The Marine Corps cannot operate fully without fire support from naval aviation and naval surface forces. In turn, submarine forces, being one of the main strike elements of the fleet, need support from surface ships and naval aviation forces.

The organizational structure of the fleet is represented by associations, which in turn are geographically linked. The united fleet of the Russian Federation includes the Northern, Pacific, Baltic and Black Sea fleets. A separate naval formation is the Caspian Military Flotilla, which also has its own headquarters and permanent places basing. Fleets and flotillas include detachments of surface ships and submarines, naval aviation forces and special forces of the Navy, a special unit within the Russian Navy.

The size of the fleets differs both in the number of personnel and in the number of sailors. In many ways, combat effectiveness is determined by the goals and objectives that a given naval formation solves. Traditionally, the Northern and Pacific fleets occupy a strategic position in the system of ensuring the country's defense capability. The Baltic, Black Sea fleets and the Caspian flotilla are more focused on solving tactical problems.

In the current conditions, the main striking force of the Russian Navy is nuclear-powered strategic missile submarines carrying intercontinental ballistic missiles on board. There are brigades of nuclear submarines in the Northern Fleet and in the Pacific Ocean. The next types of ships in terms of importance and strength of weapons are missile and aircraft-carrying cruisers with nuclear or conventional power plant. The basis of the tactical formations of the Russian fleet today are ships of new types, missile frigates and corvettes. In the near sea zone, all fleets operate patrol and patrol ships. Navy special forces and marine units represent the main striking force of the coastal units of the navy.

Of the listed fleets, the largest and most powerful at the moment is the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy, which includes the largest and most powerful warships.

The main bases of the Northern Fleet are:

• Severomorsk with fleet headquarters;
• Vidyaevo (submarines);
• Severomorsk;
• Gadzhievo;
• Polar.

The only naval base in the fleet is the Belomorsk naval base in Severodvinsk.

The smallest today is the Black Sea Fleet, which stopped playing after the collapse of the Soviet Union key role at naval theaters. Only in recent years has the situation with the technical equipment of the Black Sea Fleet begun to change for the better. Old cruisers and frigates are being replaced by new missile ships and submarines. The fleet is based in Sevastopol and Novorossiysk. The Novorossiysk and Crimean naval bases are used as a stronghold.

A difficult situation has developed in the Pacific Ocean. The once powerful and combat-ready Pacific Fleet is now going through a difficult period. Old ships inherited from Soviet times are being scrapped or undergoing modernization. New combat vessels are arriving at the fleet extremely slowly. Nuclear submarines based in Kamchatka today most time standing at the quay wall. The formidable missile submarines are being routinely decommissioned, and new or upgraded nuclear submarines are entering the fleet extremely slowly.

The Pacific Fleet has the widest area of ​​responsibility. The locations of deployment are thousands of kilometers apart. The main naval service points in the Pacific are:

• Vladivostok with fleet headquarters;
• Fokino;
• Sovetskaya Gavan;
• Vilyuchinsk (submarines).

The Baltic Fleet, operationally locked in the cramped waters of the Baltic Sea, is in a dormant state. With the change in naval doctrine, in which the main role at sea is played by multi-purpose universal ships, the Baltic Fleet needs to be re-equipped and re-equipped with new ships. The headquarters of the fleet is located in Kaliningrad, and the main locations of ships and fleet units are:

• Baltiysk;
• Kronstadt.

In the Baltic, the fleet has two naval bases at its disposal, Baltic and Leningrad. Since 2000, the Russian Navy has ceased to be based in Kronstadt, shifting its focus to Western part Baltic Sea.

The Caspian Flotilla operates in the Caspian Sea. The main bases for ships and flotilla units are Kaspiysk and Makhachkala. The flotilla headquarters is located in Astrakhan.

All fleet formations have marine brigades, naval special forces, auxiliary and rescue units, and coastal defense forces

Before the collapse of the USSR, the Soviet Navy was second in the world after the US Navy and consisted of more than one and a half thousand ships of all types. By 2010, all four fleets included only 136 ships capable of going to sea and carrying out combat missions.

Command and control

The Commander-in-Chief of the Navy of the Russian Federation today is Admiral Vladimir Ivanovich Korolev, who took office on April 6, 2016. The Commander-in-Chief of the Navy is responsible for the entire naval economy, spread across the vast territory of the country from Kaliningrad to Vladivostok. All operational work is handled by the First Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Chief of the Navy Staff Andrei Olgertovich Volozhinsky with the rank of vice admiral. It should be noted that military ranks in Russian modern fleet were inherited from Soviet times, which were adopted in their final form in 1943. The most senior rank in the fleet is Fleet Admiral. The following are the titles and ranks corresponding to military ranks in other types of armed forces and military branches.

Today, the following classification of ranks of the Russian Navy is used, which was finally formed in the 70s of the 20th century.

• sailors and foremen;
• midshipmen (midshipman came into use in the mid-70s), for coastal units - warrant officers;
• junior officers;
• senior officers - captain III rank, captain II rank and captain I;
• senior officers - rear admirals, vice admirals, admirals and fleet admirals.

Military ranks are awarded for length of service or for special military merits. Acceptance of a new higher position in the navy, as in the army, implies the assignment of an extraordinary rank.

The erroneous decision to transfer the fleet management and command bodies to St. Petersburg, made in 2012, was canceled by the current leadership of the Russian Ministry of Defense. Since 2015, the general management of the Russian Navy, command and leadership has been located in Moscow. From here all the country's fleets are managed, control is exercised over the operational situation in maritime theaters, and work is underway to organize the naval economy.

Who goes to serve in the navy?

In organizational terms in modern Russian fleet the structure and procedures that operated in the Soviet Navy were preserved. In Russia today, just like in the USA and Great Britain, in many other countries the fleet, despite the highest technology among the branches of the armed forces, is their most conservative part. Innovation and reorganization are extremely reluctant to be welcomed here. Traditions, combat experience and maritime practice become the main engines of progress. Serving in the Navy today is fashionable and prestigious, given the significantly reduced terms of military service, up to 12 months, and the opportunity to serve in the navy under a contract.

The main contingent recruited for service in the fleet are contract soldiers. The significantly increased technological load on the crew of any modern warship requires a high level of knowledge and professionalism from the ship's crew members. Basically, military personnel are recruited onto warships and enter into a contract with the Russian Ministry of Defense. This category of military personnel goes to command and management positions. Conscripts mainly staff the crews of ships that serve in the near sea zone or are undergoing scheduled repairs.

An applicant who wants to become a sailor, petty officer or midshipman must have the second group of neuropsychic stability, fitness category A3 and higher. Secondary education is required. For senior positions and midshipmen, having a civilian secondary specialized education is welcome. The bulk of conscripts go to serve in the Baltic Fleet. Other navies prefer contractors.

The Navy (Navy) is a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It is intended for the armed protection of Russian interests and for conducting combat operations in the sea and ocean theaters of war. The Navy is capable of delivering nuclear strikes on enemy ground targets, destroying enemy fleet groups at sea and bases, disrupting the enemy’s ocean and sea communications and protecting its maritime transport, assisting ground forces in operations in continental theaters of war, landing amphibious assault forces, and participating in repelling landing forces. enemy and perform other tasks. Emblem of the Navy of the Russian Federation

The structure of the Navy The Russian Navy consists of four fleets: the Northern Pacific Baltic Black Sea Caspian Flotilla And includes types of forces: Submarine forces Surface forces Naval aviation Coastal forces (motorized rifle, tank formations and units, marine infantry and coastal missile and artillery troops) Units and support units service

Northern Fleet (SF) The Northern Fleet (SF) is the operational-strategic association of the Russian Navy. The basis of the modern Northern Fleet is made up of nuclear missile and torpedo submarines, missile-carrying and anti-submarine aircraft, missile, aircraft-carrying and anti-submarine ships. Sleeve badge sailors of the Northern Fleet Commander of the Northern Fleet Vice Admiral Maksimov Nikolai Mikhailovich.

Pacific Fleet (PF) The Pacific Fleet (PF) is the operational-strategic association of the Russian Navy. The Russian Pacific Fleet, as an integral part of the Navy and the Russian Armed Forces as a whole, is a means of ensuring Russia's military security in the Asia-Pacific region. To carry out its tasks, the Pacific Fleet includes strategic missile submarines, multi-purpose nuclear and diesel submarines, surface ships for operations in the ocean and near sea zones, naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine and fighter aircraft, ground forces, units of ground and coastal forces . The main tasks of the Russian Pacific Fleet at present are: maintaining naval strategic nuclear forces in constant readiness in the interests of nuclear deterrence; protection of the economic zone and areas of production activity, suppression of illegal production activities; ensuring navigation safety; carrying out foreign policy actions of the government in economically important areas of the World Ocean (visits, business visits, joint exercises, actions as part of peacekeeping forces, etc.)

The main tasks of the Russian Pacific Fleet at present are: maintaining naval strategic nuclear forces in constant readiness in the interests of nuclear deterrence; protection of the economic zone and areas of production activity, suppression of illegal production activities; ensuring navigation safety; carrying out foreign policy actions of the government in economically important areas of the World Ocean (visits, business visits, joint exercises, actions as part of peacekeeping forces, etc.) Commander of the Pacific Fleet, Vice Admiral Sidenko Konstantin Semenovich

Black Sea Fleet (BSF) The Black Sea Fleet (BSF) is the operational-strategic association of the Russian Navy on the Black Sea. The main base is Sevastopol. Sleeve insignia of sailors of the Black Sea Fleet Commander of the Black Sea Fleet Vice Admiral Kletskov Alexander Dmitrievich

Long-distance voyage of the large landing ship "Caesar Kunikov" to the French port of Cannes GRKR "Moscow" as part of the naval strike group of the Northern Fleet

Baltic Fleet The Baltic Fleet is the operational and strategic association of the Russian Navy in the Baltic Sea. The main bases are Baltiysk (Kaliningrad region) and Kronstadt (Leningrad region). It includes a division of surface ships, a brigade of diesel submarines, formations of auxiliary and search and rescue vessels, naval air forces, coastal troops, and units of rear technical and special support. Sleeve insignia of sailors of the Baltic Fleet Commander of the Baltic Fleet Vice Admiral Viktor Viktorovich Chirkov

Small artillery ship "Astrakhan"

Military equipment and weapons of the Navy Submarine forces are the strike force of the fleet, capable of covertly and quickly deploying in the right directions and delivering unexpected powerful strikes from the depths of the ocean against sea and continental targets. They are based on nuclear submarines armed with ballistic and cruise missiles with nuclear warheads (naval nuclear deterrent forces - NSNF). These ships are constantly in various areas of the World Ocean, ready for the immediate use of their strategic weapons. Nuclear strategic submarine cruiser project 667BDRM

Surface forces are the main ones for ensuring the exit and deployment of submarines to combat areas and returning to bases, transporting and covering landing forces. They are assigned the main role in laying minefields, combating mine danger and protecting their communications. Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser of the Admiral Kuznetsov project

Naval aviation consists of strategic, tactical, deck and coastal aviation. Strategic and tactical aviation is designed to combat groups of surface ships in the ocean, submarines and transports, as well as to carry out bombing and missile attacks on enemy coastal targets. Carrier-based aviation is the main striking force of the Navy's aircraft carrier formations. Naval aviation helicopters are an effective means of targeting a ship's missile weapons when destroying submarines and repelling attacks from low-flying enemy aircraft and anti-ship missiles. Carrying air-to-surface missiles and other weapons, they are a powerful means of fire support for Marine landings and destruction of enemy missile and artillery boats. Su-33
Coastal fleet forces are available in every fleet - Northern, Baltic, Black Sea and Pacific. In addition to BRAV and MP, they each include one coastal defense division. Coastal defense troops, as a branch of the Navy, are designed to protect naval bases, ports, important sections of the coast, islands, straits and narrows from attacks by enemy ships and amphibious assault forces. The basis of their weapons are coastal missile systems and artillery, anti-aircraft missile systems, mine and torpedo weapons, as well as special coastal defense ships (protection of the water area). To ensure defense by troops on the coast, coastal fortifications are created.