Kuril Nature Reserve. Nature reserve of the Sakhalin region. Specially protected natural areas of the Sakhalin region Section v. tasks and regime of specially protected natural areas of the Sakhalin region
Specially protected natural areas Sakhalin region occupy 12.8% of the entire territory of the subject. Among them:
· 2 nature reserves
· 12 reserves
· 57 natural monuments
· 1 botanical garden
· 1 health resort and resort
Among which:
· 58 regional
· 10 local
The most significant and popular protected areas of the Sakhalin region are the integrated Kuril State Nature Reserve of federal significance. It is located on the island of Kunashir and the islands of the Lesser Kuril chain. The reserve is divided into three independent parts: Northern Kunashir - with active volcano Ruruy and the Tyatya volcano, South Kunashirsky - with lakes Goryachee and Boiling, located in the crater of the Golovin and Malaya volcanoes Kuril ridge, which is a continuation of the Japanese Nemuro Peninsula due to significant denudation. 41 species of plants and 42 representatives of fauna listed in the Red Book live here. There are also 66 archaeological and ethnographic sites.
The second, no less significant reserve, Poronaisky, also has federal significance. Located in the eastern part of Sakhalin. More than 280 species of fauna live here, including such famous ones as Brown bear, reindeer, sable The most important natural attraction of the reserve is Seal Island, where one of the three large fur seal rookeries in the world is located.
The complex Nogliki Nature Reserve of regional significance on Sakhalin Island was created in 1998 with the aim of preserving natural ecosystems and populations rare species animals, including wild reindeer.
No less popular for tourist display are the Vostochny State Nature Reserve, where you can engage in volunteer activities to support the natural potential of the region, the highest waterfall in Russia - Ilya Muromets (141 m) in the east of Iturup Island, the Limonite Cascade waterfalls on the Chirip Peninsula, the peak of Mount Chekhov, where thousands of tourists climb every year and local residents. Also capes and rivers in the southwestern and southeastern parts of Sakhalin Island, where you can swim in the Sea of Okhotsk, go diving, fish or look for amber on the coast. On the Kuril Islands there are numerous bays, capes, cliffs with the ruins of ancient Japanese temples, volcanoes for climbing of medium difficulty level, which offer an unforgettable view for photography/video shooting and contemplation of untouched nature. Also on the islands there are several springs that can be used for therapeutic and health purposes: sulfuric acid, thermal, mud.
Most of Protected natural areas are located on Sakhalin Island, and a third are on the Kuril Islands. In all protected areas, observation, study and protection of rare specimens listed in the Red Book are carried out. Nature is the main and ubiquitous attraction of this region, from which we can conclude that the Sakhalin region is one of the few places on the planet relevant for the development of international eco-tourism.
Currently, in the region there are two nature reserves, Kurilsky and Poronaisky, as well as 12 reserves, including Noglikisky, Aleksandrovsky, Kraternaya Bay, Izyubrovy, Krasnogorsky, Ostrovnoy, Makarovsky, Severny, Tundra, Small Kuriles, Moneron Island, Lake Dobretskoye, 57 monuments nature.
Kuril Nature Reserve
The Kuril Nature Reserve is located on Kunashir Island and the small islands of the Lesser Kuril Ridge; in the Sakhalin region. Founded in 1984, area 65.4 thousand hectares. The reserve's topography is varied; the islands are the peaks of an underwater ridge. There is active volcanic activity in the area: thermal springs, outlets of hot gases. There are many inactive volcanoes. On the island of Kunashir there is the Tyatya volcano (1819 m), the cone of which is distinguished by its remarkable regularity of shape. The reserve preserves monuments of the Ainu and Okhotsk cultures of the Neolithic era. The climate is monsoon and relatively mild.
Most of the Kuril Nature Reserve is covered deciduous forests from Sakhalin velvet, oak, ash, wild magnolia, elm. There are also spruce-fir, coniferous-deciduous forests; The dense undergrowth is characterized by intricate interlacing of ferns and vines (actinidia, lemongrass, Cognier grapes). At the edges of the forest, thickets of Kuril bamboo and tall grasses up to 4 m high (thickets of hogweed) are common. About 800 species of higher vascular plants are registered in the reserve. Animal world rich - 22 species of mammals, 223 species of birds (122 nesting species). On the territory of the reserve there are rookeries of Steller sea lion and seals (largi, antur). One of the rare animals is the sea otter (Kamchatka beaver). From rare birds - Steller's sea eagle and white-tailed eagle, fish owl (island population), Japanese crane. Salmon fish spawn in the rivers of the Kuril Nature Reserve.
Poronaisky Reserve
The Poronaisky Nature Reserve is located in the eastern part of Sakhalin Island, near Terpeniya Bay and on the Terpeniya Peninsula, in the Poronaisky district of the Sakhalin region of Russia. The reserve was founded in 1988, covers an area of more than 56.7 thousand hectares, and consists of two sections - Nevsky and Vladimirsky. The reserve is dominated by mountain taiga forests of Ayan spruce and Sakhalin fir, and larch. Representatives of the Okhotsk, Manchurian, North Japanese and North American fauna (over 200 species) and flora (over 400 species) gathered here. Along the shores of the bay and on the coast Sea of Okhotsk There are flight paths for waterfowl.
The fauna of the Poronaisky Reserve is represented by 34 species of mammals, 192 species of birds (92 species of nesting birds), 3 species of amphibians, 2 species of reptiles. The reserve is home to: reindeer, sable, otter, and brown bear. Colonial sea birds nest on the coastal cliffs: slender-billed guillemot, black-tailed gull, spectacled guillemot, great and little auklets, old man, and white-bellied gull. At Cape Terpeniya there is a large bird market. Sakhalin musk deer, Aleutian tern, mandarin duck, white-tailed eagle, Steller's eagle, osprey, grouse, peregrine falcon living in the reserve are included in the Red Book of Russia.
Craternaya (bay)
A bay in the southern part of the island. Kraternaya Bay is a small bay on south coast Yankich Islands (Ushishir Islands). The entrance to the bay is located between Cape Craterny and the Kolpak rock. Open to the south, protrudes into the island for 1 km. The width of the entrance to the bay is about 300 m. The depth is up to 56 m. The area of the bay is about 0.7 sq. m. km. On the shore of the bay is the Ushishir volcano (388 m), along the slopes of which taiga vegetation grows, descending directly to the water of the bay without forming a beach. The entrance to the bay, in contrast to it, is the shallowest. In the center of the bay there are two small islands (37 and 72 m high). The coast of the bay, like the entire island of Yankich, is not inhabited. The tide height in the bay is 1.8 m. The flora and fauna of the bay is isolated from surrounding nature. There are sea urchins at the bottom of the bay. 6 new species of living creatures were discovered in the bay. In 1988, Kraternaya Bay became a biological reserve.
Moneron Island
Moneron is an island in the Strait of Tartary, 43 kilometers from the southwestern coast of Sakhalin. The area of the island is about 30 square meters. km. The length from south to north is 7.15 km, width 4 km. Length coastline about 24 km. The eastern and western shores are rocky and steep (up to 200 m). Island of volcanic origin, highest point Mount Staritsky (439.3 m). Around the island there are small rocky islands - Pyramidalny, Krasnye, Vostochnye, etc. The climate is monsoon, big influence The climate is influenced by the warm Tsushima Current. The largest watercourses are the Usova River (length 2.5 km) and the Moneron River (length 1.5 km). A series of waterfalls. Forest cover 20% (mainly birch and alder).
There are nesting colonies seabirds, living mainly not on the island itself, but on the islets and rocks surrounding it, which is associated with penetration of the island carnivorous mammals(fox, sable). Black-tailed gulls and rhinoceros puffins have the largest numbers. Also inhabited are the northern storm petrel, the Ussuri cormorant, the Bering cormorant, the Pacific sea gull, etc. Rookeries for sea lions and seals are established in certain areas of the coast. The influence of the warm Tsushima Current causes the existence in the waters around the island of subtropical species of mollusks (for example, abalones), rare-spined sea urchins, and multirayed starfish.
Nogliki Nature Reserve
The state natural biological reserve of regional significance "Nogliki" located in the Nogliki region was established in 1998. The area of the reserve is 65,800 hectares. The reserve was established with the aim of preserving natural ecosystems in the area inhabited by the indigenous peoples of the North, protecting the population of grouse grouse, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, as well as restoring the number of wild reindeer and other economically, scientifically and culturally valuable species of animals and plants. It is under the jurisdiction of the Sakhalin Hunting Administration. Main features of nature: larch forests with lichen cover. Geographical position: upper and middle reaches of the Nysh, Karpyn, Dagi river basins.
Modern man looks at the world through a screen. This is some kind of average estimate. Agree, not everyone has the means to travel. And the world is so magnificent! So we study it through a computer, fortunately now it’s easy. However, is it possible in this way to feel the thrill in the soul that necessarily arises from contemplating the stunning corners of the planet? Take, for example, the Kuril Nature Reserve. Anyone who was there will confirm: no films or photographs will reflect the magical essence of this extraordinary place.
Location and climate
The Kuril Nature Reserve occupies a considerable area (65,365 hectares).
It consists of three islands. These are Kunashir, Demina and Oskolki. The first of them belongs to the Great Kuril Ridge and is the largest in area. The islands are a product of volcanic activity. The terrain here is mountainous, there are rivers and lakes. The Kuril Nature Reserve is famous for its mineral springs. Interestingly, they all differ in chemical composition, temperature conditions. The most famous are Tretyakovsky, Alekhine and Golovninsky. Since the Kuril Islands were formed by volcanic activity, the relief is mountainous. The rivers here are small, no more than twenty kilometers. Most of them are spawning. The largest is Tyatina (Kunashir). It flows directly along the Dokuchaev volcanic ridge. In this part of the reserve the terrain is mountainous. And to the north it becomes hilly. The largest one in the reserve is also located there. Such an almost clerical description, of course, does not convey the splendor of this place. Let us add that the climate here is very mild. Winter is not scary with frost, and summer is not scary with heat. The only factor that a person will definitely not like is the monsoons. The Kuril Nature Reserve withstands winds and hurricanes, responding only with a slight rise in water in the rivers.
A little history
Already from the dry description given above, it is clear that the Kuril Islands are a rich region. You haven’t read about the flora and fauna yet! How did it survive amid the storms and troubles that befell Russia over the past centuries?
There were caring people. Work on creating a protected area began in 1947. Many prominent scientists spoke about the need to protect this original, magical place from destruction. The reserve project was created in 1975. Moreover, this event took place after the signing of an agreement with Japan on the protection of nesting sites and habitats of migratory birds. Further, the territory of the security zone expanded. It was formed in its present form in 1984. And, remarkably, the subsequent devastation in Russia in the nineties did not have any impact negative influence to these territories. The reserve has been preserved!
Nature
Nature reserves, as you know, are different. The purpose of their creation is one - to preserve the pristine nature of this corner of magnificent nature. So that the activities of greedy humanity do not affect the wealth created long before our appearance in this world. The Kuril Islands have something to be proud of and something to protect. The area here is mostly wooded. Mostly coniferous species grow. But how amazing it is to see tropical vines among the cedars and spruces! This is just a miracle. Scientists have calculated that only ten percent of the reserve is deciduous. But they are so uniquely woven into the taiga landscapes that they make this area uniquely beautiful. And in forest clearings, bamboo takes up space from trees, forming impenetrable thickets. The grasses in the lowlands reach a height of four to five meters. Where else have you seen this? Kunashir is not associated with Because of this, very rare plant species have been preserved on its hills and mountains. Here we can see the so-called vertical zonality. That is, the nature of the vegetation changes as you move into the mountains. If you go from the shore, then broad-leaved and coniferous forests are replaced first by fir trees, then by stone birch forests, then by dwarf cedar. There is something to admire, freezing in admiration.
Fauna
It seems that a region cut off from the mainland cannot be densely populated. However, this is a mistake. We won't list the numbers. It should only be noted that the animal has not yet been fully studied! The science for a long time was confident in the similarity, for example, of the insects of the Kuril Islands with species living in Japan. Only in last years It turned out that there are also endemic species here. Today there are 37 known of them. They are widely represented in the reserve sea shellfish. They are found off the coast and in lakes. That is, they are presented and freshwater species. Pearl mollusks are listed in the Red Book.
Kunashir is also proud of its salmon. The largest one in all of this world spawns here. Far East pink salmon, and the Kuril chum salmon leads the world in size. Amphibian lovers also have something to see. Three species of frogs live in Kunashir. There are also unusual reptiles here. For example, only in the reserve can you find the Far Eastern skink (lizard). This species does not live anywhere else in Russia.
Birds and mammals
The birds of the reserve are a special conversation. The fact is that the Kuril Islands are important on a planetary scale. They are a resting place. Hundreds of thousands of feathered travelers find shelter and food here. Without this corner, the planet would lose many rare species. Let's give some statistics. In total, 278 species of birds can be found in the reserve, and 125 live permanently. Southern Hemisphere winter comes, birds fly to these shores. For example, loons and cormorants, swans and rhinoceros puffins are found here. Only ornithologists will understand this colorful and loud world. Let us add that the protection of the reserve has truly planetary significance. The islands are a significant point on the map of the feathered world. A few should be added amazing facts. Do you know that there are fishing owls? This rare species nests in the reserve. Here you can also find those considered endangered. Large animals include sable, chipmunk, weasel and even mink. These animals breed safely in Kunashir.
Significance of the reserve
Even from a short text it is already clear that this world is unique. People are trying to understand what nature reserves there are, what’s interesting about them, and what to admire. In fact, it is not only natural beauties and rare animals that are important. The wisdom and work of those who care for these incredible places of pristine nature, thereby allowing the planet to survive despite the activities of mankind, should be appreciated.
Specially protected natural areas of the Sakhalin region occupy 12.8% of the entire territory of the subject. Among them:
· 2 nature reserves
· 12 reserves
· 57 natural monuments
· 1 botanical garden
· 1 health resort and resort
Among which:
· 5 federal significance
· 58 regional
· 10 local
The most significant and popular protected areas of the Sakhalin region are the integrated Kuril State Nature Reserve of federal significance. It is located on the island of Kunashir and the islands of the Lesser Kuril Ridge. The reserve is divided into three independent parts: Northern Kunashirsky - with the active Ruruy volcano and Tyatya volcano, Southern Kunashirsky - with lakes Goryachee and Boiling, located in the crater of the Golovin volcano, and the Lesser Kuril ridge, which is a continuation of the Japanese Nemuro Peninsula due to significant denudation. 41 species of plants and 42 representatives of fauna listed in the Red Book live here. There are also 66 archaeological and ethnographic sites.
The second, no less significant reserve, Poronaisky, also has federal significance. Located in the eastern part of Sakhalin. More than 280 species of fauna live here, including such famous ones as brown bear, reindeer, and sable. The most important natural attraction of the reserve is Seal Island, where one of the three large fur seal rookeries in the world is located.
The complex Nogliki Nature Reserve of regional significance on Sakhalin Island was created in 1998 with the aim of preserving natural ecosystems and populations of rare animal species, including wild reindeer.
No less popular for tourist display are the Vostochny State Nature Reserve, where you can engage in volunteer activities to support the natural potential of the region, the highest waterfall in Russia - Ilya Muromets (141 m) in the east of Iturup Island, the Limonite Cascade waterfalls on the Chirip Peninsula, the peak of Chekhov Mountain, where thousands of tourists and local residents climb every year. Also capes and rivers in the southwestern and southeastern parts of Sakhalin Island, where you can swim in the Sea of Okhotsk, go diving, fish or look for amber on the coast. On the Kuril Islands there are numerous bays, capes, cliffs with the ruins of ancient Japanese temples, volcanoes for climbing of medium difficulty level, which offer an unforgettable view for photography/video shooting and contemplation of untouched nature. Also on the islands there are several springs that can be used for therapeutic and health purposes: sulfuric acid, thermal, mud.
Most of the protected areas are located on Sakhalin Island, and a third on the Kuril Islands. In all protected areas, observation, study and protection of rare specimens listed in the Red Book are carried out. Nature is the main and ubiquitous attraction of this region, from which we can conclude that the Sakhalin region is one of the few places on the planet relevant for the development of international eco-tourism.
Appendix 2
“The most popular protected areas of the subjects Russian Federation»
| The subject of the Russian Federation | Number of protected areas | The most popular protected areas | Note |
| Res. Karelia | Reserve "Kivach" | ||
| Kostomuksha Nature Reserve |  |
||
| Section of the Kandalaksha Nature Reserve |  |
||
| National Park"Paanajärvi" |  |
||
| State Nature reserve"Kizhi" |  |
||
| State Nature reserve "Teploye Lake" |  |
||
| State Nature reserve "Polar Circle" |  |
||
| Natural monument “Southern Deer Island” |  |
||
| Natural monument “Devil's Chair” | |||
| Natural monument "Salt Pit" |  |
||
| Botanical Garden Petrozavodsk state university | |||
| Unique historical and environmental protection area “Valaam” | |||
| Rep. Komi | State Nature reserve "Khrebtovy" |  |
|
| State Nature reserve "Usa-Yunyaginskoe" |  |
||
| State Nature reserve "Ivanyur" |  |
||
| State Nature reserve "Kyktornyur" |  |
||
| State Nature reserve "Vymsky" |  |
||
| State Natural reserve "Debo" |  |
||
| Natural monument “Waterfall on the Khalmeryu River” |  |
||
| Natural monument "Mount Pemboy" |  |
||
| Natural monument “Mount Olysya” |  |
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| Natural monument “Lake Vadyb-ty” |  |
||
| Murmansk region | Lapland State Nature Reserve |  |
|
| State Nature reserve"Pasvik" |  |
||
| Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute |  |
||
| Kolvitsky reserve |  |
||
| Varzugsky reserve |  |
||
| Ponoisky reserve |  |
||
| Simbozersky reserve |  |
||
| Tuloma Nature Reserve |  |
||
| Rep. Sakha | State Nature Reserve "Ust-Lensky" |  |
|
| State Nature Reserve "Olekminsky" |  |
||
| Natural Park"Lena Pillars" |  |
||
| Ust-Vilyuisky National Park | |||
| Siine Nature Park |  |
||
| Anabarsky National Park |  |
||
| Siine Nature Reserve |  |
||
| Chukotka Autonomous Okrug | State Nature Reserve "Wrangel Island" |  |
|
| Nature reserve "Avtvtkuul" | |||
| Nature reserve "Chaunskaya Guba" | |||
| Reserve "Omolon" |  |
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| Sanctuary "Swan" |  |
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| Natural-ethnic park "Beringia" |  |
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| Water-botanical natural monument “Vostochny” |  |
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| Natural-historical monument "Pegtymelsky" | |||
| Geological natural monument "Anyuysky" | |||
| Kamchatka Krai | Commander Reserve | ||
| Koryak Nature Reserve |  |
||
| Kronotsky Reserve |  |
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| Nature Park "Volcanoes of Kamchatka" |  |
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| Natural Park "Bystrinsky" |  |
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| Natural Park "Klyuchevskoy" |  |
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| Natural Park "Nalychevo" |  |
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| Natural Park "South Kamchatka" |  |
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| Sakhalin region | Kuril Nature Reserve | ||
| Poronaisky Reserve | |||
| Nogliki Nature Reserve | |||
| Reserve "Kraternaya Bay" |  |
||
| Reserve "Small Kuriles" | |||
| Moneron Island Nature Reserve |  |
||
| Reserve "Lake Dobretskoe" | |||
| Vostochny Nature Reserve | |||
| Natural monument “Ilya Muromets Waterfall” |  |
||
| Natural monument "White Rocks" |  |
||
| Natural monument “Chaika Bay” | |||
| Natural monument "Cape Slepikovsky" |  |
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| Natural monument "Chekhov Peak" |  |