Marking of cartridges: features, types and characteristics. Distinctive coloring on shells and mines Approximate markings on capping

In modern times, a large number of different cartridges are used, which are similar in appearance. This has led to the use of markings to distinguish them. What are they? Where are they applied? And what does the cartridge marking mean? What could it be like? Here is a short list of issues that will be considered.

Introductory information

Now not only weapon cartridges have become widespread, but also construction and lathe cartridges. Separately, we can recall the blanks, which, although not used in military affairs, still deserve attention. In this case, the required information can be displayed in different ways. For example, using a brand, coloring or label. It should be noted that even though quite a bit of time has passed since the introduction of cartridge markings, it cannot be said with confidence that the same rules apply now as they did a century ago. Something appeared and was added to the system, other approaches, on the contrary, went out of use. There was production of a specific one, then they decided to close it. And there are a great many such situations.

The designations on the cartridges originate from the marks of craftsmen who put their marks on various goods (weapons, jewelry and pottery, and so on). Currently, marks have two main functions: advertising and technical information.

What data can be obtained from the labeling?

Mainly:

1. Service marks. As a rule, this is a marking on the bottom of the cartridge. It allows you to find out about the place of manufacture (country, enterprise), type (name) and caliber. The time of creation, material, purpose, model and type of weapon for which it is intended can also be placed.
2. Coloring of elements. Can be applied to bullets, primers, and these parts of cartridge cases. Talks about the type of cartridge, some features of its design or purpose.
3. Labels. They contain the same data as on the stamps. In addition, there may be certain information about the elements of cartridges, ballistic characteristics oh and so on. Often, due to the need for a large area to communicate all the necessary information, they are applied to wooden boxes, moisture-proof bags, cardboard boxes, paper bags, metal boxes.

The marks left are symbols, which are presented in the form of numbers, pictures and letters embossed on the surface of the cartridges. They can be service or control. The first allows you to obtain data about the manufacturer, production date, time of creation, certain design features, purpose and some other information characteristic of a certain period of time or inherent in a particular country in general.

The control terminal indicates that the cartridge meets the established quality requirements, and the responsible person (or commission) is convinced of this. But they are usually placed only on powerful ammunition, such as shells from artillery guns.

Depending on the type and purpose, the label may contain certain information. For example, on military cartridges only advertising is often placed, whereas on hunting and sporting cartridges advertising is not uncommon. This is done thanks to various visual forms (decorative elements, font types, etc.), content (memorable and catchy names, proper names). In such cases, everything is usually done in order to emphasize the quality of the product and their popularity.

Why is this being done?

But the main purpose of the mark, coloring of elements and labels is that they together form a system of symbols, which contain the information necessary to distinguish between the types and purposes of cartridges. Although there may be additional properties. For example, the coloring of cartridges is used to provide a distinctive feature of one type that is easily perceived, or to quickly communicate the purpose of cartridges. At the same time, it is also a means of protection against corrosion processes.

In the domestic tradition, the color of the bullet head (its tip) is used. This decision has been made since Russian Empire. For example, an armor-piercing incendiary bullet is painted red and black. Green is selected for tracer cartridges. Ordinary cartridges do not have a distinctive color. This is observed in a number of foreign armies.

Sometimes you can see the color of the primer at the junction of the bullets with the barrel of the cartridge case. In this case, it is used not only to obtain distinctive feature, but also for tightness. True, this approach causes certain inconveniences when creating cartridges and visually determining the nomenclature. What information can be gleaned by examining bullets? In short, the main information is:

1. For Soviet (Russian) ones: year of manufacture and designation of the manufacturing plant.
2. Australian, Canadian, English: type (brand) and name of the creator company.
3. French: time (quarter and year), designation of the metal supplier for the sleeve.
4. German: the manufacturer, material, batch number, and also when it was produced are indicated.
5. Italian: for private enterprises only the year of manufacture and the name of the company that created the product. For government officials: manufacturer, time of manufacture, inspector’s initials.
6. Japanese: year of creation (according to the local calendar) and quarter, abbreviated name of the company.

Information is usually applied by indentation. Although sometimes you can find convex relief.

Specifics of blank cartridges

As you can see, the time is not always indicated. In such cases, you can navigate the cartridges by the name of the company (comparing with the date of work) or by the version of the accepted mark. Also, sometimes stamps can indicate additional information, such as case material, purpose, capsule design, as well as other information such as: manufactured according to a military order, issued to the customer, patent, and so on. In domestic bullets of the period 1949-1954, a letter designation was used to indicate the time period. You can also find additional icons in the form of two diametrically located five-pointed stars. It is not uncommon to have additional letters and numbers. As an example, for the ShKAS aviation machine gun, an additional Sh was provided at the end of the bottom. Armor-piercing incendiary ones were designated B-32. White color was used for standard cartridges.

By the way, what does the marking look like? There is no single solution. But, for example, in machine-gun cartridges of 14.5 and 12.7 caliber, a sealant additionally tinted green was used around the circumference of the junction of the cartridge case with the cap and the primer. But the lack of a unified approach creates certain problems. Nowadays, the most common products are red and green. But still, in order to avoid negative consequences, you need to find out about this when purchasing a weapon.

Suddenly a cartridge was found

For most people, getting their hands on ammunition is not an easy task. And those who do have access to them usually also have vocational training: police officers, athletes, hunters, rangers, military. Therefore, a situation where there is a supply, but it cannot be classified, is unlikely for them. After all, they basically give out what is already well known.

But there have been numerous military conflicts on our territory. From many you can only find rusty iron and nothing more. But the Great Patriotic War has left its mark to this day. And finding bullets from that period is not a problem now. Of course, according to current legislation, the police must be informed about them and handed over to the sappers who arrive. But it’s interesting - what was found?

If we talk about the markings of World War II cartridges used by the Soviet Union, then first of all it is necessary to note 7.62x54. The 1891 model was blunt-pointed, while in 1908 a pointed one was introduced. That is, they can be distinguished by shape. In addition, you can also find a 7.62x25 TT cartridge. This sample was also used in such legendary weapons, like PPSh, PPD, PPS. Tracer bullets are separately marked in green.

But not only domestic representatives come across. The markings of German cartridges from the Second World War may also be relevant. For example, 7.92x57. Their sleeves are distinguished by brass, bimetallic or steel varnishing. Moreover, there are both blunt-pointed and pointed ones.

Other bullets to be found on the territory Soviet Union it is possible, although problematic. These are mainly visitors and perform an auxiliary role. But if you move to other fronts, you will find different cartridges from the Second World War. The markings of French 8x50R bullets are distinguished by an annular groove at the bottom. Importantly, it is the first French smokeless rifle cartridge, developed in 1886. But the most relevant is still the marking of German cartridges of the Second World War, as well as Soviet models. Especially a lot of them can be found in places major battles.

What other antiquities can be mentioned?

In our conditions, we cannot ignore Mauser cartridges. Markings for standard 6.5x55 samples are not much different from those used at that time. Namely, the non-segmented location of the marks. Usually four elements were used, although bullets with two are also found. If we talk about the Soviet Union, then the heredity from the times of the Russian Empire is very clearly visible. Thus, the markings of the cartridges have hardly changed. Except that heavy bullets and ammunition with a steel core have ceased to be detected. This is not surprising, because when they first began to be introduced, they were a valuable rarity with a number of outstanding properties. Separately, it is worth mentioning the 7.62, model 1943, which replaced the 1908 cartridge. And this is not surprising, because over three and a half decades, science and processing methods have been able to move forward, opening up opportunities for creating new products.

The marking of cartridges of this type during the Second World War (and after) was carried out mainly for incendiary, tracer, slow-burning and By the way, since a large number of them were manufactured, and there were no major conflicts, they can often be found in warehouses. In general, they are so good that only their individual modifications, produced in relatively small batches, were updated and changed.

Is there anything more modern?

For such a request, there is a marking for 5.45 cartridges. Speaking about them (and more specifically, about the 1974 model), there are bullets with a steel core, increased penetration, tracer, with a reduced flight speed, armor-piercing and blank. The first two types do not have any specific coloring. Although about those that have increased penetration, it should be noted that they are not stopped by 16 millimeters of third steel. Reduced velocity bullets are used in weapons equipped with the device silent shooting. Armor-piercing can penetrate 5 millimeters of high-quality protection. The difference between blanks is that they have a plastic tip that breaks down in the bore of the weapon. In addition, you can also consider the work of pistol bullets. For example, among 9 mm bullets, a bullet with a steel core should be distinguished. But there are no color differences. The same can be said about the 5.45 cartridge used in PSM pistols.

What can you say by looking at the packaging?

As mentioned above, information can be gleaned from more than just looking at the ammunition. Sometimes just looking at the packaging is enough. In this case, colored distinctive stripes, signs and inscriptions in black are of interest. Much depends on what capacity you have to work with. Thus, wooden boxes are marked on the lid and on one of the side walls. On moisture-proof bags, information is located on the longitudinal sides. If there is a metal box, then information can be gleaned from the lid. For marking, stencil painting, typographic stamping or using a special machine is used. If we are talking about a box, then the weight (gross, in kg) should be indicated on the lid. In addition, there is also a transport sign that indicates the category of cargo. But this is only for Soviet products.

Since 1990, it was decided to instead indicate a conventional hazard number with a warning sign. As an alternative, a classification code is used in accordance with GOST 19433-88. At the same time, the marking of live ammunition has its own distinctive features. So, on the wall you can find symbols of the following type: “RIFLE”, “PISTOL”, “SNIPER”, “REV. 43". In addition, the batch number, the last two digits of the year of manufacture, the manufacturer's reference number are applied, the gunpowder, the number of cartridges and seals are marked, as well as a distinctive sign, stripe or inscription that allows you to characterize the type of cartridge.

If the box contains waterproof bags of ammunition, then an informative inscription about this must be placed on the wall. To indicate caliber it is used numerical value in millimeters. But without dimension. In addition, they also apply symbol type of ammunition and cartridge case (indicates the material from which it is made). For standard cartridges, it is possible to replace the group code with the abbreviation “OB”. If we are talking about a batch of gunpowder, then its brand, number and year of manufacture are indicated along with the manufacturer’s designation. This is very convenient, because the markings on cartridge cases and substances are difficult to access: you need to open the box, unpack it and look. Whereas seconds can count.

Observed changes

If you take a sample of ammunition manufactured in the Soviet Union and a modern cartridge, you will notice that they differ even in cases where there is only one manufacturer. This is due to the fact that the adopted internal designation is not always clear to buyers abroad, such as Americans. Often changes lead to the fact that it becomes difficult to classify ammunition. For example, marking hunting cartridges of 5.6 caliber with one Latin letter V (denotes “East”) is quite problematic. But it is used for training, and also in sports. Due to its low price, it has become quite widespread. And here they come to the rescue additional elements. So, if there are belts, then the more of them, the better the quality of the ammunition. And it is more intended for use in small game hunting. If they are not there, then its main purpose is sports shooting and training. Although changes are not always visible. So, if there is an inscription in English, then this is probably an export batch. Although it is not difficult to find “fresh” ammunition with a designation in Cyrillic.

About mounting cartridges

At the very beginning of the article it was also said that they are not only weapons-grade. There are also mounting (aka construction) cartridges. And, as you might guess, markings have also been developed for them. Why? The fact is that gunpowder construction guns designed for a certain explosion energy. It provides impact driving of dowels into metal or concrete surfaces. But if the wrong product is selected, this can lead to damage to the device and even injury to a person. To avoid this, it was decided that marking of construction cartridges was needed. What is it like?

In short, they are classified by color, height and diameter, number and packaging method. How does this affect the product? The charge power in joules depends on the color. In this case, marking is carried out on the conical tip of the cartridge. There are also short and long cartridges with different diameters. For example, there are calibers 5.6x16, 6.8x11, 6.8x18. The cartridge number indicates the mass of the powder charge. And the way they are packaged tells you what kind of pistols they are intended for. For example, repeating and automatic can only work with cartridges in a belt. When describing their design, it should be noted that they have a standard design. That is, all cartridges consist of the following parts: steel sleeve, primer, wad, crimping.

Let's look at this in more detail. The steel case contains a charge of smokeless powder. If the series is K, then all the space is filled. The letter D indicates that it is only in the bottom part. A wad is compressed gunpowder that holds the striking compound in the cartridge case. And crimping is carried out from above. In this case, color marking of cartridges is carried out.

About lathe chucks

They are special devices that are used to secure tools or parts to the spindle axis. Typically used as part of a lathe's headstock to clamp workpieces. But it can also be installed in rotary tables. There are self-centering chucks, as well as products with independent jaws.

If we talk about labeling, then everything is quite simple with products from the times of the Soviet Union. After all, there was a single system in place back then. Each cartridge had a code consisting of eight numbers and a letter, which indicated the accuracy class of the product. Using a special table, thanks to the markings, it was possible to find out the number of jaws, chuck diameter, accuracy class and some other parameters. Now this is not so clear. A large number of different manufacturers and different manufacturing countries have created a situation where trying to give universal labeling to modern designs is unsuccessful. If you are interested in what and how, then you need to look for it from a specific manufacturer who created the device.

Conclusion

The article examined the marking of cartridges of the Great Patriotic War and modern ammunition. Of course, only basic information was discussed here, because there can always be a batch of some cartridges that have moved away from adopted rule. But, nevertheless, if you come across markings of rifle cartridges for military or civilian hunting, then the information that will most likely help you find the necessary data is provided in sufficient volume.

And finally, it is necessary to touch upon security issues. You should always remember that you will be working with highly dangerous objects. It doesn’t matter whether you’re holding a mounting cartridge in your hands, a pistol or a rifle, you must always follow safety precautions. Otherwise, you will have to pay with your health or even your life.

When holding cartridges in your hands, you need to handle them carefully. Do not bring it to a heat source, do not throw it anyhow. Although the likelihood of a negative incident occurring is low, it can happen to anyone. Whenever working with dangerous objects, you must remember that safety rules were written in the blood of those who neglected them. And to preserve your own health and life, you don’t need to tempt fate. Especially when you have such dangerous things in your hands as cartridges containing explosive substances and posing a threat in themselves.

Hand and rocket-propelled anti-tank grenades. Marking and distinctive coloring of ammunition

The RPG-7 grenade launcher (index GRAU-6G1) is a Soviet (Russian) hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher for firing active-reactive (rocket-powered) grenades. Designed to combat tanks, self-propelled artillery installations and other enemy armored vehicles, can be used to destroy enemy personnel, as well as to combat low-flying air targets. Adopted into service in 1961.

Used effectively in almost all armed conflicts from the moment of its appearance. Is the most common and recognizable manual anti-tank grenade launcher in the world. Thanks to the modernization of ammunition, it poses a significant danger to modern armored targets, and therefore remains in demand today.

Despite the variety of existing shots for the RPG-7, they all have a similar structure and differ only in the type and structure of the warhead.

The shot is divided into 3 parts: the head part, which ensures direct destruction of the target, the jet engine, which ensures the acceleration of the grenade along the flight path, and the powder charge, which ensures that the grenade is ejected from the grenade launcher tube.

DIAGRAM OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE PG-7V SHOT FOR THE RPG-7 GRENADE LAUNCHER

Nomenclature of grenades for RPG-7

The grenade launcher itself has changed little, but the most grenades have been developed for it. various types: cumulative anti-tank, including tandem, high-explosive anti-personnel, thermobaric (volume-detonating), incendiary, as well as training and other types of grenades.

	Shot index (GRAU index)	Image	Warhead type	Shot weight, kg	Grenade caliber, mm	Armor penetration, mm	Initial speed of the grenade, m/s	Effective range, m
			cumulative
			cumulative
			cumulative
			cumulative
			cumulative
			tandem cumulative
			thermobaric			n/a radius of destruction of manpower: 10 m
	TBG-7VL/7P62		thermobaric
			armor-piercing fragmentation
			fragmentation			n/a radius of destruction of manpower: 70 m

Capping and painting pomegranates

Grenades are placed in 6 pieces in wooden boxes and secured with inserts. In the same box, in a special compartment, 6 powder charges in pencil cases are placed (two packages of three charges each). The final equipped grenades are marked on the walls and lid of the box. To increase shelf life, finally loaded grenades and powder charges are packed in hermetically sealed film bags before being placed in the closure.

Grenades in combat gear (filled with explosives) are painted in a protective color.

For grenades in inert ammunition (equipped with an inert mass and intended for use for educational and practical purposes), the warheads are painted black, and instead of a code explosive there is an inscription “Inert”.

The jet engines of combat and inert grenades are painted in a protective color.

The distinctive coloring of the head parts of combat grenades (protective color) and inert grenades (black color) must be studied and firmly understood by personnel in order to prevent confusion of combat grenades with inert ones and thereby prevent the collection of combat grenades from shooting ranges and training grounds that have failed to operate.

Purpose, general device and classification of live ammunition for small arms, rounds for grenade launchers

Depending on their purpose, cartridges are divided into combat and auxiliary.

Live ammunition are intended for firing from combat individual and group small arms with the aim of destroying manpower and equipment.

Auxiliary cartridges are intended for teaching the rules and techniques of loading and unloading weapons, simulating shooting, testing the strength of weapons and determining the ballistic characteristics of weapons and cartridges.

Depending on the type of weapon used, there are:

revolver cartridges, used for shooting from revolvers;

pistol cartridges, used for firing pistols and submachine guns chambered for pistol cartridges;

machine gun cartridges, used for shooting from machine guns, light machine guns and self-loading weapons;

rifle cartridges , used for firing from light, heavy, tank and aircraft machine guns, as well as from rifles and carbines;

large-caliber cartridges, used for firing from large-caliber machine guns.

The live cartridge is made from the following main components:

1—thrown element—bullet;

2 – sleeves;

3 — propellant charge;

4 — igniter capsule.

Live ammunition includes:

5.45 mm MPTs pistol cartridges;

5.45 mm cartridges;

7.62 mm revolver cartridges;

7.62 mm pistol cartridges;

7.62 mm cartridges of the 1943 model;

7.62 mm rifle cartridges;

9 mm pistol cartridges;

12.7 mm cartridges;

14.5 mm cartridges.

With a shot refers to the entire set of ammunition elements necessary to fire a shot from a gun and assembled in the prescribed manner.

Shots are divided into:

1. By purpose

• main purpose - combat (O, F, B)
• special purpose - (smoke, lighting, agitation)
• auxiliary purposes (practical, UT and R)

1. By charging method:

• unitary (cartridge) type
• separate-sleeve
• cap-shaped

Classification:

• by caliber
• small (20-75 mm)
• medium (76-155)
• large (more than 155)
• by stabilization method:
• rotating
• feathered
• in relation to the caliber of the gun
• caliber
• sub-caliber
• over-caliber

Hand and rocket-propelled anti-tank grenades

Hand fragmentation grenades designed to destroy enemy personnel with fragments in close combat (during attacks, in trenches, shelters, populated areas, in the forest, in the mountains, etc.).

Hand grenades RGD-5, RG-42 and RGN refer to offensive grenades. F-1 and RGO grenades— to defensive ones.

General design of hand-held fragmentation, offensive and defensive grenades

RGD-5 hand fragmentation grenade- a remote-action grenade designed to destroy enemy personnel in attack and defense. Throwing a grenade is carried out from various positions when operating on foot and in vehicles. The radius of dispersion of lethal grenade fragments is about 25 m. Average range throw a grenade 40-50 m.

Loaded grenade weight 310 g.

Ignition retarder burning time 3,2-4,2 With.

The RGD-5 hand fragmentation grenade consists of a body with a tube for a fuse, a bursting charge and a fuse.

F-1 hand fragmentation grenade - a remote-action grenade designed to destroy manpower primarily in defensive combat. You can throw a grenade from various positions and only from behind cover, from an armored personnel carrier or tank (self-propelled guns).

The radius of dispersion of lethal fragments during a grenade explosion is about 200 m. The average throwing range of a grenade is 35-45 m.

Loaded grenade weight 600 G.

Ignition retarder burning time 3.2-4.2 s.

F-1 hand fragmentation grenade consists of: 1-body; 2 – bursting charge; 3-fuse

Offensive hand grenade RGN and defensive hand grenade RGO designed to defeat enemy personnel in offensive and defensive battles, respectively, in different conditions terrain and at any time of the year at ambient temperatures from plus 50 degrees to minus 50 degrees.

RGN and RGO hand grenades consist: 1- grenade without fuse; 2- fuse.

RGN and RGO grenades without a fuse consist of:

1-stopper; 2-cuff; 3-hundred-kan; 4-hemisphere ; 5-explosive mixture; 6-hemisphere; 7- gasket; 8-detonation checker; 9,10 hemispheres.

RKG-3 cumulative hand grenade — a directed-action anti-tank grenade, designed to combat enemy tanks, self-propelled guns, armored personnel carriers and armored vehicles, as well as to destroy long-term and field defensive structures. Throwing a grenade is carried out from various positions and only from behind cover. The average throw range of a grenade is 15-20 m.

The weight of the loaded grenade is 1070 g.

When the grenade hits the target, it instantly explodes and the resulting jet of gases of high density and temperature pierces the armor modern tanks and other strong barriers.

The RKG-3 anti-tank cumulative hand grenade consists of: 1 - body; 2 - bursting charge; 3 - fuse; 4 - lever

The body of the grenade is cylindrical and serves to house the explosive charge and fuse. The body has: bottom - bottom; inside - a cumulative funnel; on top there is a screw cap with a tube for the igniter. The upper part of the lid ends with a thread for screwing on the handle.

1-cumulative notch;2-shell;3-main charge; 4 – additional charge; 5-tube; 6-thread; 7- cover; 8-cardboard spacer; 9-cumulative funnel.

Marking and distinctive coloring of ammunition

The marking of cartridges consists of general case, from the appropriate distinctive coloring, signs and inscriptions applied both to the components of the cartridges and to the packaging of the cartridges.
Marking is applied:
on the sleeve - on the end of the bottom part;
on the bullet - on the head part;
for packaging - a wooden box, a metal box, a moisture-proof bag, a cardboard box and a paper bag.
At the end of the bottom part of the sleeve, a marking containing the conventional number of the manufacturer and the year of manufacture (the last two digits of the year) is stamped. During the period 1951-56. the year of manufacture was conventionally indicated by a letter. At the end of the bottom part of individual liner nomenclatures, signs in the form of two diametrically located five-pointed stars can be additionally applied.
For 7.62-mm rifle cartridges intended for firing from the ShKAS aircraft machine gun, an additional letter Ш is applied to the end of the bottom of the cartridge case, and the cap of the primer — the igniter — is covered with red varnish.

Type of weapon	Ammunition used	Distinctive coloring on the head	Capping (number of ammunition)	Box weight (kg)
9mm PM	9Pst – 9mm pistol cartridge with a steel core bullet	without coloring	cardboard box 16 pcs. metal box 80×16=1280 pcs. box - 2 boxes	32
5.45mm AK-74, RPK-74	PS – cartridge with an ordinary bullet	without coloring	paper bag metal box 30×36 = 1080 pcs. box – 2 boxes	29
	T-cartridge with tracer bullet	green
		black and green
	HP - blank cartridge	plastic bullet
7.62mm AKM, RPK	PS – cartridge with a steel core bullet	without coloring	cardboard box metal box 20×35=700 pcs. box - 2 boxes galvanized box 20×33=660 pcs.	30
	T-45 – cartridge with a tracer bullet	green
	US – cartridge with a bullet of reduced speed	black and green
	HP - blank cartridge	no bullet
	Z – cartridge with incendiary bullet	red
	BZ - cartridge with armor-piercing incendiary bullet	black and red
7.62mm SVD	PS – rifle sniper cartridge	without coloring	paper bag metal box 20×21 = 420 pcs. box – 2 boxes	26
7.62mm PKM, PKT	LPS - rifle cartridge with a steel core bullet	silver	paper bag metal box 20×22 = 440 pcs. box – 2 boxes	28
	T-46 – rifle cartridge with a tracer bullet	green
	B-32 – cartridge with an armor-piercing incendiary bullet	black and red
	PZ – cartridge with a sighting-incendiary bullet	red
	HP - blank cartridge	no bullet
14.5mm KPVT	B-32 - cartridge with armor-piercing incendiary bullet	black and red
	BZT - a cartridge with an armor-piercing incendiary tracer bullet	purple and red
	MDZ - cartridge with an instant incendiary bullet	red bullet
	Combat	green
	Educational	black color

Procedure for preparing for use

Ammunition for weapons of border shells is stored in equipped magazines, and for weapons of group use - in sealed boxes, in locked drawers or cabinets. The duty officer at the outpost (unit) is responsible for their safety.

An inventory of property is posted in the weapons storage room, which includes the number of pyramids, cabinets, boxes, stands, posters and other property stored in this room. The inventory indicates the cabinet numbers and what seal they are sealed with.

Labels indicating the department are attached to each pyramid (cabinet, drawer), military rank and the name of the person responsible, the number of the pyramid (cabinet, drawer) and the number of the seal with which they are sealed.

An inventory is posted in the pyramid (cabinet, box) indicating the type and quantity of weapons stored in it. Each nest of the pyramid (cabinet) must have a label pasted on it indicating the type and number of the weapon and gas mask number, as well as the name of the person to whom they are assigned.

All inventories located in the weapons storage room, in pyramids, cabinets, and boxes are signed by the head of the outpost (unit commander).

Arms and ammunition are issued to border guards and accepted from them by the duty officer at the outpost (unit) with registration in the book for issuing weapons and ammunition; all ammunition is recalculated.

All described ammunition, including hand grenades and rounds for anti-tank grenade launchers, is stored in the outpost (unit) warehouse.

It is prohibited to store ammunition near stoves, electric heating devices, etc., or to keep ammunition open in the sun (especially in southern regions).

The weapons of soldiers and sergeants leaving temporarily outside the outpost (unit) for a period of more than 3 days must be handed over to the sergeant major. The surrendered weapons are stored separately from the weapons of the outpost (unit) personnel.

Emphasize to trainees that weapons located in pyramids, storerooms and warehouses must always be unloaded and have the safety on.

Practically prepare your weapon for placement in the pyramid, set it up and order each trainee to perform the same actions with their weapon.

Monitor the correctness of trainees’ actions and correct if necessary.

“The main training and simulation ammunition used in classes and safety measures used when handling them.”

Only specially trained sergeants and soldiers are allowed to use imitation equipment. They must be carefully and specifically instructed.

Training leaders, as well as officers of units (outposts), bear full responsibility for preparing personnel, weapons and simulation equipment for classes and exercises.

Loading the machine gun

• attach a loaded magazine to the machine gun, if it was not previously attached to it;
• remove the machine from the safety lock;
• put the translator on the required type of fire;
• vigorously pull the bolt frame back to full strength and release it;
• put the machine on safety if there is no immediate opening of fire or the command “fire” is not followed, and move your right hand to the pistol grip.

If the magazine was not loaded with cartridges before loading the machine gun or the cartridges were used up during shooting, then the magazine must be loaded.

Shop equipment

To equip the magazine, you need to take the magazine in your left hand with the neck up and the convex side to the left, and in your right hand - cartridges with bullets to the little finger so that the bottom of the cartridge case rises slightly above the thumb and index fingers.

Shop equipment

Equipping the magazine with cartridges from the clip:

1- -store; 2 – adapter; 3 – clip; 4 – cartridges

While holding the magazine with a slight tilt to the left, pressing thumb insert cartridges one at a time under the bends of the side walls with the bottom of the cartridge case towards the rear wall of the magazine.

Loading a magazine from a clip

To equip a magazine with cartridges from a clip, you must: take the magazine (1) in your left hand. With your right hand, attach the adapter (2) to it so that its bends fit into the corresponding grooves on the neck of the magazine; holding the magazine in your left hand, insert the clip (3) with cartridges (4) into the adapter with your right hand, with the cartridges pointing upward with the bullets; pressing the index finger of your right hand on the case body (at the bottom) of the upper cartridge and passing the clip between the middle and index fingers, insert the cartridges into the magazine; remove the empty clip from the adapter, insert a new clip with cartridges and reload the magazine; remove the adapter from the magazine. Using a clip speeds up loading the magazine with cartridges.

Loading the clip with cartridges

To equip the clip with cartridges, insert it into the adapter so that it fits into the grooves of the adapter and rests against its stop (Fig. a).

Loading the clip with cartridges:

a – with adapter; b - without adapter

Holding the clip with the adapter in place in your left hand, with your right hand, holding the cartridge by the bullet and top part sleeve with three fingers (thumb, index and middle), insert it into the grooves of the clip.

The clip can be loaded with cartridges without an adapter; to do this, take the clip in your left hand and the cartridge in your right hand; pressing the spring hook, insert the bullet between the clip and the spring (sink the hook); insert the cartridges into the grooves of the clip (Fig. b); remove the cartridge bullet from under the clip spring.

Safety requirements for handling ammunition

Personnel who have not mastered the safety requirements are not allowed to fire or maintain the fire.
Prohibited enter (enter) areas where there are unexploded grenades and other explosive objects. These areas must be promptly marked with signs and signs with appropriate warning notices.
Prohibited touch unexploded grenades, other explosive objects and imitation devices. Report each unexploded grenade to the senior shooting director and the head of the military shooting range in accordance with the established procedure.
When throwing combat hand grenades, inserting the fuse is allowed only before throwing them at the command of the shooting director. Carrying live hand grenades outside grenade bags is prohibited.
It is allowed to leave cover 15-20 seconds after the explosion of a defensive grenade.
If a loaded live grenade was not thrown (the safety pin was not removed), it should be unloaded only upon command and under the direct supervision of the firing supervisor.
When shooting from a helicopter in flight and from a mock-up helicopter (simulator), loading, firing, unloading and inspection of the weapon should be carried out with the weapon installed on the bracket and at the command (signal) of the director of firing on the helicopter (simulator).
Personnel should get up from their seats and move around in the helicopter cabin prohibited.
Firing by each shooter must immediately stop independently or at the command of the shooting director in the following cases:

• the appearance of people, cars or animals on the target field, low-flying aircraft over the shooting area;
• grenades falling outside the safe zone or near a dugout occupied by people and loss of contact with the dugout;
• raising a white flag (lantern) at the command post or in the dugout, as well as sending another established ceasefire signal from the dugout (explosive package, smoke bomb, rocket, etc.);
• report or submission from the cordon post of an established signal about the danger of continued shooting;
• the occurrence of a fire on the target field.

From the signal "CLUTCH" before the signal "FIRE" It is prohibited for anyone to be at the firing position (shooting site) or approach the weapon left there.
It is strictly prohibited:

• load weapons with live and blank cartridges, as well as live and inert grenades until the sound signal "FIRE"(teams of the leader, commander);
• point a weapon at people, to the side and to the rear of a military shooting range, regardless of whether it is loaded or not;
• open and fire from faulty weapons, faulty ammunition, in dangerous firing directions, with the white flag raised at the command (precinct) post and shelters (dugouts);
• leave a loaded weapon anywhere or transfer it to other persons, leave a weapon at a firing position (shooting site) without the command of the shooting director at the site (commander);
• fire from a machine gun equipped with a device for silent and flameless shooting (SFS) with ordinary cartridges;
• enter (exit) areas of a military shooting range (training facility) where there are unexploded military grenades and other explosive objects; These areas are prohibited areas and must be fenced off, marked with signs and signs with appropriate warning notices, for example: "Dangerous! Unexploded grenade, don’t touch!”;
• disassemble combat grenades and troubleshoot them;
• touch unexploded grenades, shells and other explosive objects; Each unexploded grenade (shell), immediately after discovery, must be marked with a pointer with a warning inscription and reported to the head of the military shooting range.

Prohibited V Peaceful time for shooting use:

• 30 mm shot (VOG-17) with fragmentation grenade for automatic grenade launchers AGS-17 and AG-17;
• anti-tank round PG-7V for the RPG-7 hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher of all modifications;
• 7.62 mm cartridges mod. 1943 with an incendiary bullet (3) and a bimetallic casing (GZh);
• 7.62 mm rifle cartridges with a light bullet (L) and a bimetallic sleeve or brass sleeve (GL), as well as with a heavy bullet (D) and a bimetallic sleeve or brass sleeve;
• 14.5 mm cartridges with an armor-piercing incendiary bullet (BS-41) and a brass sleeve, as well as with an armor-piercing incendiary tracer bullet (BZT) and a brass sleeve, with an incendiary bullet (ZP) and a brass sleeve.

Ammunition

The 20x80RB unitary ammunition was used by the MGFF and FF/M aircraft guns. Ammunition performance characteristics: caliber – 20 mm; sleeve length – 80 mm; weight – 520 – 600 g; projectile mass - 90 - 134 g, explosive mass - 13.5 - 19.5 g; starting speed– 585 – 700 m/s.

Range of shots 20×82

The unitary ammunition is known as: 20×82 mm/20 mm Mauser MG-151/20/ XCR 20 082 BGE 020. It was used by the MG-151/20 aircraft machine gun. The ammunition had a bottle-shaped cartridge case with a non-protruding rim (flange). The sleeve is solid drawn steel or brass, varnished. The ammunition had a wide range of projectiles: fragmentation-incendiary-tracer projectile; fragmentation tracer projectile; high explosive projectile; armor-piercing projectile; armor-piercing incendiary projectile. Ammunition performance characteristics: caliber – 20 mm; length - 147 mm; sleeve length - 82 mm; weight – 183-205 g; projectile weight – 110 g; explosive mass – 2.3 – 20 g; initial speed – 705-805 m/s; armor penetration at a distance of 100 m - 15 mm.

The unitary ammunition is known with the designations: 20×105 Swiss Solothurn SH Anti-Tank/20×105 B/GR 1000/ XCR 20 105 BFC 010. It was used by anti-aircraft (S5-100), anti-tank (S5-105) and tank (S5- 150) guns, as well as an anti-tank rifle (Soloturn S18-100). The ammunition had a brass or steel solid-drawn sleeve, weakly bottle-shaped with a groove and a characteristic protruding annular “belt”. The range of shells consisted of armor-piercing, high-explosive, fragmentation, incendiary, tracer, practical, etc. Ammunition was produced in Germany, Hungary and Switzerland. Ammunition performance characteristics: caliber – 20 mm; sleeve length – 105 mm; initial speed – 735 m/s; armor penetration at a meeting angle of 60° at a distance of 100 m - 16 mm.

Shot 20×105 (MG-204)

The unitary ammunition had the designation: 20×105 German XPL for MG-204/XCR 20 105 BRC 010). It was developed by the German company Rheinmetall-Borsig AG in 1939 for the MG-204 automatic aircraft gun and is similar to the 20x105 B cartridge, from which it differed in the absence of a protruding annular “belt” (bottom stop).

Unitary ammunition known with the designations: 20×138-mm/ 20×138 B/ 20×138 Solothurn/ 20×138 Rheinmetall /20×138 Rheinmetall-Solothurn Flak 30-38/ 20 mm Mauser MG-213-A/ 2 Cm. Flak/ 2 cm. Lahti/ XCR 20 138 BFC 010. It was used for the series anti-aircraft guns(Flak 30, Flak 38, Lahti L-40), anti-tank rifles (Solothurn S18-1000, Solothurn S18-1100, Lahti L-39), aircraft guns (MG C/30L) and even a large-caliber anti-tank machine gun “Nkm wz.38” FK." The ammunition had a solid-drawn brass sleeve, weakly bottle-shaped with a groove and a protruding annular “belt”. The range of shells consisted of fragmentation-incendiary-tracer, armor-piercing-tracer, armor-piercing incendiary-tracer, practical and practical-tracer shells. The ammunition was produced in Germany, Italy and Finland. Ammunition performance characteristics: caliber – 20 mm; length –203 – 220 mm; projectile length – 82 – 86 mm; weight – 281 – 299 g; projectile weight – 115 – 148 g; weight of the powder charge – 37 – 41 g; explosive mass – 2 – 6.6 g; armor penetration at an impact angle of 30° at a distance of 500 m - 14 mm; initial speed – 785 – 1047 m/s.

28/20×188 rounds with fragmentation and armor-piercing shells

The unitary ammunition is known with the designations: 28/20×188/28-20-mm Polte-Neufeld Pz.Gr.41/2.8-2.0-cm PanzerBuchse 41/28x187R Squeezebore tipo Gerlich/XCR 20 188 BBC 010. It was intended for an anti-tank rifle with a conical barrel "sPzB 41". The diameter of the breech end of the barrel was 28 mm, and the diameter of the muzzle end was 20 mm. The ammunition had a solid-drawn brass cartridge case, bottle-shaped with a rim. The range of ammunition consisted of five types of shots, of which only two types were combat (armor-piercing and fragmentation). A total of 583 thousand rounds were fired. Ammunition performance characteristics: caliber – 20 mm; length – 221 mm; projectile length – 64/69 mm; weight – 600/630 g; projectile weight - 131/240 g; propellant charge weight – 139/153 g; initial speed of an armor-piercing projectile - 1400 m/s; armor penetration at a meeting angle of 90° at a distance of 100 m - 75 mm.

The unitary ammunition was intended for the experimental Mk-213/30 revolver aircraft gun. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 30 mm; sleeve length - 85 mm; initial projectile speed – 530 m/s.

Unitary ammunition was used by the Mk-108 aircraft cannon. Ammunition casings were made of steel and equipped with armor-piercing, high-explosive and incendiary projectiles. High-explosive shells were made from steel by deep drawing rather than by turning the body. This made it possible to obtain a thin-walled, but robust housing, which contained significantly more explosive or incendiary mixture than a projectile with a turned body. In addition, the drawn body was lighter than the turned one. Incendiary shells were equipped with a hydrostatic fuse, which was triggered only when they hit a volume filled with liquid. This ensured that the projectile would not explode upon contact with the skin, causing only superficial damage, but in fuel tank or cooling system. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 30 mm; sleeve length – 90 mm; projectile weight - 330 g; initial projectile speed - 500 - 525 m/s.

Shot 30x91 mm

Unitary ammunition was used by the Mk-108 aircraft cannon. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 30 mm; length – 189 mm; sleeve length – 91 mm; projectile weight – 330 – 500 g; weight of the propellant charge – 30 – 85 g; initial speed - 500m/s.

Unitary ammunition was intended for aircraft guns MG-101 and MK-101/103, as well as anti-aircraft installations type Flak-30/38. The ammunition was produced with nine types of projectiles, the main ones being armor-piercing and incendiary. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 30 mm; sleeve length – 184 mm; weight – 778 – 935 g; projectile weight – 330 – 530 g; charge weight – 97 – 115 g; explosive mass -5 - 28 g; initial projectile speed – 710 – 960 m/s; armor penetration at a distance of 300 m – 75 mm.

The unitary ammunition was intended for the 3.7-cm PaK-36/ KwK-36 anti-tank gun and the 3.7-cm KwK-36 L/45 tank gun. The ammunition was produced with fragmentation tracer, armor-piercing tracer and sub-caliber projectiles. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 37 mm; length - 306 - 354 mm; sleeve length – 249 mm; projectile length – 85 – 140 mm; weight – 1 – 1.3 kg; projectile weight - 355 - 685 g; charge weight – 160 – 189 g; explosive mass – 13 – 44 g; initial projectile speed – 762 m/s, sub-caliber – 1020 m/s; armor penetration at an angle of 30° at a distance of 100 m – 31-50 mm; effective firing range – 300 m, maximum – 5.5 km.

The ammunition had the following designations: 37x265R Flak-18/36/ 37x263R/ XCR 37x265 BFC 010. It was intended for the FlaK-18/36/37/42 anti-aircraft guns and the BK-3.7 aircraft gun. The ammunition was produced with an armor-piercing and fragmentation projectile. A sub-caliber projectile weighing 405 g with an initial speed of 1100 m/s and armor penetration of 57 mm was also produced. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 37 mm; length – 368 mm; sleeve length – 263 mm; projectile weight – 405 – 685 g; initial speed – 770/820 m/s; armor penetration at a meeting angle of 30° at a distance of 500 m - 35 mm.

The unitary ammunition was intended for anti-aircraft guns of the 3.7-cm FlaK-43 type. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 37 mm; projectile weight - 685 g; initial projectile speed – 770 – 1150 m/s; firing range - 6.6 km.

The unitary ammunition was intended for the 3.7-cm SKC/30 anti-aircraft naval gun. The shot was produced in two tracer versions: “3.7-cm BrSprgr Patr-40 L/4.1 Lh37M” (high-explosive fragmentation with incendiary composition) and “3.7-cm Sprgr Patr-40 L/4.1 Lh37” (high-explosive fragmentation without incendiary composition). Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 37 mm; length – 517 mm; sleeve length – 380 mm; shot weight – 2.1 kg; projectile weight - 748 g; charge weight – 365 g; initial speed – 1000 m/s; firing range - 8.5 km.

The 3.7-cm PaK-36 anti-tank gun was equipped with a 3.7cm Stiel.Gr-41 over-caliber cumulative mine. The ammunition was loaded from the muzzle of the gun, according to the principle of a rifle grenade. The mine had a rod with holes and stabilizing planes in the tail section. Each mine had individual packaging in the form of a cylindrical metal sealed case. Performance characteristics of mines: length – 739 mm; rod diameter – 37 mm; grenade diameter – 160 mm; weight – 8.6 kg; explosive mass – 2.4 kg; initial speed – 110 m/s; firing range – 200 m; armor penetration at an encounter angle of 90° at a distance of 100 m - 180 mm. Case dimensions: height - 765 mm; diameter - 225 mm; empty case weight - 7.65 kg.

The unitary ammunition was intended for the 5-cm KwK 38 L/42 tank gun. The ammunition was produced with armor-piercing, armor-piercing with a ballistic tip and sub-caliber projectiles. Ammunition performance characteristics: caliber – 50 mm; sleeve length – 289 mm; projectile weight – 0.9 – 2 kg; initial projectile speed – 685 – 1050 m/m; armor penetration at an angle of 30° at a distance of 100 m - 53 - 94 mm.

Unitary ammunition was used by the 5-cm FlaK-41 anti-aircraft gun. Ammunition performance characteristics: caliber – 50 mm; sleeve length – 345 mm; weight – 2.3 kg; initial projectile speed – 840 m/s; effective firing range – 3 km, maximum – 12 km.

Range of shots 50×419(420)R

Container for 50mm shots

The unitary ammunition was intended for the 5-cm PaK-38/KwK-39 anti-tank gun and the BK-5 aircraft gun. The ammunition was equipped with fragmentation, armor-piercing and sub-caliber projectiles. Ammunition performance characteristics: caliber – 50 mm; sleeve length – 420 mm; projectile weight – 2 kg; explosive mass – 450 g; initial projectile speed – 550 – 1130 m/s; effective range – 700 m, maximum – 9.4 km; armor penetration at an angle of 90° at a distance of 500 m - 61 - 120 mm.

The mine was intended for the company mortar "5-cm leGrW-36". The standard mine was equipped with such a sensitive fuse that the rules stipulated that firing should be stopped in heavy rain - it could cause the mine to explode when fired. Performance characteristics of mines: caliber – 50 mm; length – 220 mm; weight – 910 g; explosive mass – 115 g; expelling charge mass – 16 g; initial mine speed - 75 m/s; firing range - 20 - 520 m.

The unitary ammunition was intended for the 7.5-cm FK-16nA field gun. The ammunition was used with fragmentation and armor-piercing shells. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber – 75 mm; sleeve length – 200 mm; projectile weight – 5.8-6.8 kg; explosive mass – 520 g; initial projectile speed – 662 m/s; firing range - 12.3 km.

The unitary ammunition was intended for the 7.5-cm KwK-37 L/24 tank gun. The ammunition was produced with high-explosive fragmentation, armor-piercing and cumulative projectiles. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 75 mm; sleeve length – 243 mm; projectile weight - 4.4 - 6.8 kg; initial projectile speed – 385 – 450 mm; armor penetration at a distance of 100 m – 41 – 100 mm.

The ammunition was intended for the “7.5-cm le IG-18” field gun. It had both separate-case loading and a unitary shot. For separate case loading, there were three propellant charges placed in a brass case weighing 94, 364 and 589 g. The ammunition was equipped with a high-explosive fragmentation, cumulative, armor-piercing tracer and smoke projectile. Ammunition performance characteristics: caliber -75 mm; length – 305-345 mm; sleeve length – 260 mm; projectile weight - 5.5 - 6.8 kg; explosive mass – 65 – 540 g; initial projectile speed – 485 m/s; armor penetration at a meeting angle of 30° - 55 - 90 mm; firing range - 9.4 km.

Unitary ammunition was used by the 7.5-cm KwK-40 L43/48 tank gun, which was also installed on self-propelled guns. The ammunition was equipped with armor-piercing, sub-caliber, cumulative and fragmentation projectiles. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 75 mm; sleeve length – 495 mm; weight – 7.2 -11.5 kg; projectile weight - 4.1 - 6.8 kg; charge weight – 0.4 – 2.2 kg; explosive mass – 1.2 – 2.4 g; initial speed – 450 – 790 m/s; armor penetration at an angle of 30º at a distance of 100 m - 143 mm.

The unitra ammunition was intended for the 7.5-cm KwK-42/PaK-42 tank gun. The ammunition was loaded with armor-piercing high-explosive, sub-caliber and high-explosive fragmentation shells. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 75 mm; length – 875 – 893 mm; sleeve length – 640 mm; weight – 11.1 – 14.3 kg; charge weight – 4.8 -7.2 kg; explosive mass – 18 g; initial projectile speed – 700 – 1120 m/s; firing range – 10 km; armor penetration at an angle of 30° at a distance of 100 m - 138 - 194 mm.

Unitary ammunition was used anti-tank gun"7.5-cm Pak-40" and a "BK-7.5" aircraft cannon. The ammunition was equipped with high-explosive fragmentation, sub-caliber and caliber projectiles. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber – 75 mm; sleeve length – 714 mm; projectile weight - 3.2 - 8.8 kg; charge weight – 2.7 kg; initial projectile speed – 550 – 933 m/s; armor penetration at an angle of 90° at a distance of 500 m - 135 - 154 mm; firing range - 7.7 km.

The 8-cm GrW-34 mortar was equipped with fragmentation, fragmentation-jumping, smoke, illumination and training mines. The jumping mine was equipped with an expelling charge that threw the mine upward, after which it exploded at a height of 1.5-2 m above the ground. The mortar charge had a main one (tail cartridge) and three additional charges in the form of rings, put on the stabilizer tube to increase the firing range. When firing at night, flame arresters made of potassium sulfate weighing 10 g were used. The mines were equipped with very sensitive fuses, which did not allow firing through tree branches, camouflage materials, or even in heavy rain. Performance characteristics of mines: caliber – 81.4 mm; length – 330 mm; weight – 3.5 kg; explosive mass – 390 g; initial mine speed - 211 m/s; firing range - 3.1 km.

The unitary ammunition was intended for the anti-tank gun “8-N-63” (8-cm PAW (Panzerabwehrwerfer). The main ammunition of the gun was rounds with a cumulative projectile. A total of 34.8 thousand rounds were fired. Performance characteristics of the projectile: caliber - 81.4 mm; shot length – 620 mm; projectile mass – 7 kg; projectile mass – 3.8 kg; charge mass – 630 g; explosive mass – 2.7 kg; initial projectile speed – 520 m/s; effective firing range – 1.5 km.

Unitary ammunition was used by the 8.8-cm SKC/35 naval gun, which was mainly equipped with submarines. The ammunition had armor-piercing, high-explosive fragmentation and illumination shells. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 88 mm; sleeve length – 390 mm; weight – 15 kg; projectile weight - 9.5 - 10.2 kg; charge weight – 2.3 – 2.8 kg; initial projectile speed - 700 - 790 m/s; firing range - 10.7 - 14.1 km.

The unitary ammunition was intended for the 8.8-cm KwK-36 L/56 tank gun and the 88-mm Flak-18/36/37/41 anti-aircraft gun. The ammunition was equipped with high-explosive fragmentation, armor-piercing, sub-caliber and cumulative projectiles. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 88 mm; sleeve length - 571 mm; projectile mass - 7.3 -10.2 kg; explosive mass – 59 – 870 g; initial projectile speed – 810 – 1125 m/s; armor penetration at an angle of 30° at a distance of 100 m – 90 – 237 mm; firing range – 15 km; firing ceiling - 10.5 km.

The 88x822R unitary ammunition was intended for the 8.8-cm Pak-43 anti-tank gun and the Kwk-43 tank. The ammunition included caliber, sub-caliber, cumulative and high-explosive fragmentation shells. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 88 mm; sleeve length – 822 mm; projectile weight - 7.3 - 10.2 kg; explosive mass – 60 – 1000 g; initial projectile speed – 600 – 1130 m/s; armor penetration at an angle of 30° at a distance of 100 m - 237 mm.

The ammunition was intended for the 10-cm Nebelwerfer-35 mortar. Ammunition performance characteristics: caliber – 105 mm; mine weight 7.4 kg; initial mine speed - 105 - 193 m/s; firing range - 0.3 - 3 km.

The mine was intended for the 10-cm Nb.W.40 mortar. Ammunition performance characteristics: caliber – 105 mm; mine weight - 8.7 kg; initial speed – 310 m/s; firing range - 0.2 - 6.3 km. Unitary ammunition was intended for field gun 10cm K-17. Ammunition performance characteristics: caliber – 105 mm; initial projectile speed – 650 m/s; firing range - 16.5 km.

The unitary ammunition was intended for the 10.5-cm SKC/32 naval gun, which was installed on submarines, minesweepers, torpedo boats, auxiliary and merchant ships. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 105.2 mm; sleeve length – 658 mm; weight – 24 kg; projectile weight - 15.1 kg; charge weight – 9 kg; explosive mass – 1.6 – 4 kg; initial firing speed – 785 m/s; firing range - 15 km.

The separate-case-loading ammunition was intended for the 10.5-cm leFH-18 light field howitzer and the Wespe self-propelled gun. The ammunition had six types of charges. Ammunition performance characteristics: caliber – 105 mm; weight - 14.8 - 15.8 kg; explosive mass – 1.3 kg; initial projectile speed – 470 m/s; firing range - 10.7 - 12.3 km.

Unitary ammunition was intended for universal ship's cannon"10.5-cm SKC/32/33" and land anti-aircraft gun "10.5-cm FlaK-38/39". Ammunition performance characteristics: caliber – 105 mm; length – 1142 – 1164 mm; projectile length – 438 – 459 mm; weight – 23.5 – 26.5 kg; projectile weight - 14.7 -15.8 kg; charge weight – 5.2 – 6 kg; initial projectile speed – 650 – 900 m/s; firing range - 17.7 km, firing ceiling - 12.5 -17.7 km.

The ammunition was used with a 12-cm Granatwerfer-42 mortar. Ammunition performance characteristics: caliber – 120 mm; weight – 15.9 kg; initial mine speed - 122 - 283 m/s; firing range - 0.3-6.2 km.

Unitary ammunition was intended for FlaK 40/42 anti-aircraft guns and self-propelled guns. The ammunition was equipped with armor-piercing tracer and high-explosive fragmentation shells. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 128 mm; length – 400 – 575 mm; sleeve length – 825 mm; projectile weight - 26 kg; charge weight – 10.9 kg; explosive mass – 0.6-3.3 kg; initial speed - 750-920 m/s, armor penetration at an impact angle of 30° at a distance of 1 km - 202 mm; firing range – 20.9 km, firing ceiling – 12.8 km.

The separate-case-loading ammunition was intended for anti-tank guns Pak -44, Pak-80, K-81/1, K-81/2, KwK-44. The ammunition was equipped with armor-piercing and high-explosive fragmentation shells. A total of 58.6 thousand shells were fired. TXX ammunition: caliber - 128 mm; projectile length – 400 – 755 mm; projectile weight - 26 - 29 kg; charge weight – 10.9 – 15.1 kg; explosive mass – 600 g; initial projectile speed – 750 – 920 m/s; armor penetration at a distance of 500 m – 217 mm; firing range - 12.5 km.

The separate-case-loading ammunition was intended for the 15-cm sFH-18 howitzer. It was equipped with high-explosive fragmentation, concrete-piercing, smoke, cumulative and active-reactive projectiles. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 149.1 mm; projectile mass - 25 -4 3.5 kg; explosive mass – 0.7 – 3.7 kg; projectile length – 572 – 680 mm; initial speed – 210 – 512 m/s; firing range - 4 - 18 km.

Separately loaded ammunition was used by the “15-cm/45 Ubts” and “15-cm/45 Tbts KL/45” naval guns, which were equipped with submarines and torpedo boats. Performance characteristics of the ammunition: projectile weight - 45.3 kg; charge weight – 8.3 kg; initial projectile speed – 680 m/s; firing range - 15.9 m.

The separate-case-loading ammunition was intended for the 15-cm SIG-33 howitzer. The ammunition was equipped with high-explosive fragmentation, incendiary, smoke and cumulative shells. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 150 mm; weight – 25.5 – 40 kg; explosive mass – 8.3 kg; initial speed - 240 m/s; armor penetration at a distance of 100 m - 160 mm; firing range - 4.7 km.

The separate-case-loading ammunition was intended for the SK C/28 in Mrs Laf naval gun. Performance characteristics of the ammunition: caliber – 149.1 mm; weight – 45.3 kg; initial projectile speed - 890 m/s; firing range - 23.7 km.

An over-caliber high-explosive mine (42x150) of muzzle loading was part of the ammunition load of the 150-mm heavy infantry gun "SIG-33". It had a three-fin stabilizer and an instantaneous head fuze. Performance characteristics of mines: length – 1656 mm; diameter of the over-caliber part – 300 mm; ammunition weight - 90 kg; charge weight – 760-880 g; explosive mass – 27 kg; firing range – 1 km; initial speed – 105 m/s.

Separate-case-loading ammunition was used by the 172-mm 17-cm Kanone (E) railway gun, the 17-cm K. Mrs. infantry gun. Lat" and the naval gun "17-cm SK L/4". The ammunition was equipped with high-explosive fragmentation, concrete-piercing, armor-piercing and incendiary projectiles. To ensure a shot, four charges were used. A total of 573 thousand rounds were fired. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 172.6 mm; projectile length – 788 – 815 mm; sleeve length – 1058 mm; weight – 62.8 – 71 kg; projectile weight – 35 kg; charge weight – 15.4 – 30.2 kg; explosive mass – 6.4 kg; initial projectile speed – 875 m/s; firing range - 13.4 - 26.8 km.

The ammunition was intended for the 20-cm-Ladungswerfer rod mortar. The mortar's ammunition included high-explosive, smoke mines and harpoon shells. Performance characteristics of mines: caliber – 200 mm; rod diameter – 89 mm; length – 794 mm; mine weight - 21.3 kg; explosive mass – 7 kg; initial mine speed - 88 m/s; firing range - 700 m.

The separate-case-loading ammunition was intended for the 203-mm “20-cm K. (E)” railway gun. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 203 mm; length – 953 mm; sleeve length – 825 mm; weight – 122-124 kg; explosive mass – 7-9 kg; initial projectile speed – 925 m/s; firing range - 37 km.

The separate-case-loading ammunition was intended for the 21-cm Mörser 16/18 mortar. It was equipped with high-explosive, high-explosive fragmentation, armor-piercing tracer and concrete-piercing projectiles, which were fired using nine charges. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 210 mm; projectile length – 803 – 972 mm; sleeve length – 232 mm; projectile weight - 113 - 121.4 kg; explosive mass – 12 – 17.3 kg; initial projectile speed – 390 m/s; firing range - 11.1 km.

The ammunition was intended for the 21-cm Granatenwerfer-69 mortar. Two types of mines were used: heavy and light. Performance characteristics of mines: caliber – 210 mm; mine weight - 87 - 110 kg; initial speed – 247 – 285 m/s; firing range -5.2 - 6.3 km.

The separate-case-loading ammunition was intended for the 24-cm SK L/40/50 coastal defense gun and the 24-cm K-3/E railway gun. The ammunition was equipped with high-explosive fragmentation and concrete-piercing shells. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 238 mm; projectile length – 620 – 1035 mm; gizza length – 660 mm; projectile weight – 140-166 kg; charge weight – 41.3 – 47 kg; explosive mass – 2.9 – 15.2 kg; initial projectile speed – 810 – 970 m/s; firing range - 37 km.

The separate-case-loading ammunition was intended for the 28-cm SKC/34 naval gun. It was equipped with armor-piercing, semi-armor-piercing and high-explosive shells. The propellant charge consisted of two parts - the main charge, weighing 76.5 kg, in a brass sleeve, as well as an additional front charge, weighing 42.5 kg, in a silk cap. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 283 mm; length – 1160-1256 mm; sleeve length – 1215 mm; projectile weight - 284 - 336 kg; explosive mass – 6.6-21.8 kg; initial projectile speed – 890 m/s; firing range - 40.9 km.

The ammunition was intended for the 28-cm K-5/(E) railway gun. It was equipped with five types of high-explosive shells and active-reactive ones. Three main charges and one additional charge were used for the shot. Performance characteristics of the ammunition: caliber - 283 mm, projectile length - 1275 - 2000 mm; projectile mass – 126 – 255 kg, charge mass – 175 kg; explosive mass – 27 – 30.5 kg; initial speed - 1120 - 1524 m/s, firing range - 62 - 87 km.

The ammunition was intended for the 30.5-cm K-14/30.5-cm SK L/50 naval gun. The ammunition was equipped with armor-piercing and high-explosive shells. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 305 mm; length – 946 – 1525 mm; projectile weight - 314 - 471 kg; charge weight – 85.4 – 157 kg; explosive mass – 11.5 – 26.5 kg; initial projectile velocity - 762 - 853 m/s; armor penetration at a distance of 15 km – 229 mm; firing range - 24.5 - 51 km.

The ammunition was used for the 235.5-cm Haubitze M-1 siege howitzer." Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 356 mm; projectile length - 1458 mm; weight – 575 kg; charge weight – 234 kg; explosive mass – 8 kg; initial speed – 570 m/s; maximum range shooting - 20.9 km.

The ammunition was intended for the 38-cm SK C/34/45 naval gun. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 380 mm; projectile weight - 495 - 800 kg; explosive mass – 18.8 – 69 kg; initial projectile speed – 820 – 1050 m/s; firing range - 36.5 -54.9 km.

The high-explosive missile was intended for the Sturmtiger self-propelled gun rocket launcher. The rocket had a solid propellant engine with an operating time of 2 s. The ammunition was equipped with an impact fuse with an adjustable response delay, ranging from 0.5 to 12 s. The rocket was stabilized in flight due to its rotation, initially obtained from the rifling in the mortar barrel, and after leaving it - due to the inclination of the 32 nozzles of the powder engine located along the edges of the bottom of the projectile. During the war, 397 missiles were manufactured. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 380 mm; weight – 351 kg; explosive mass – 125 kg; initial projectile speed – 300 m/s; armor penetration - 2.9 m of reinforced concrete; firing range - 5.7 km.

The ammunition was intended for naval and coastal guns “40.6-cm SK C/34 gun”. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 406 mm; projectile weight - 600 - 1030 kg; charge weight – 294 – 335 kg; explosive mass – 25 – 80 kg; initial projectile speed – 810 – 1050 m/s; firing range - 42 - 56 km.

The separately loaded ammunition was intended for the 42cm Gamma Mörser siege howitzer. The main ammunition projectile was a concrete-piercing one. To shoot it, four were used powder charge. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber - 419 mm; projectile weight - 1003 kg; charge weight – 77.8 kg; initial projectile speed – 420 m/s; firing range - 14.2 km.

The cartridge-loading ammunition was intended for the French 520-mm Schneider railway howitzer “52-cm-H.(E)-871(f)”. It was equipped with light and heavy high-explosive shells. Unlike a light projectile equipped with a head fuse, a heavy projectile had a bottom fuse, which was triggered only after the projectile had overcome the concrete or steel ceiling of a long-term enemy firing structure. Ammunition performance characteristics: caliber – 520 mm; projectile mass - 1370 - 1654 kg, explosive mass - 197.7 - 300 kg; initial projectile speed – 420 – 500 m/s; firing range -14.6 - 17 km.

The ammunition was intended for self-propelled mortars of the “Gerät-040/041” type. Mortars of the “Gerät-040” type had a caliber of 600 mm. Performance characteristics of the ammunition: mass of a concrete-piercing projectile - 1700/2170 kg (explosive mass - 280/348 kg, initial speed - 220 m/s, firing range - 4.5 km, armor penetration - 459 mm of armor or 3 m of reinforced concrete); high-explosive projectile mass – 1250 kg (explosive mass – 460 kg, initial speed – 283 m/s, firing range – 6.7 km). The modernized mortars of the Gerät-041 type had a caliber of 540 mm. Performance characteristics of the ammunition: projectile length – 2400 mm; weight of a concrete-piercing projectile - 1580 kg, high-explosive - 1250 kg; firing range - 4.3 - 10.4 km.

The ammunition was intended for the 800-mm super-heavy railway artillery system “Dora” and “Gustav”. In total, more than 1000 shells were manufactured. Performance characteristics of ammunition: caliber – 870 mm; weight of a high-explosive projectile - 4.8 tons, weight of a concrete-piercing projectile - 7.1 tons; explosive mass of a high-explosive projectile - 700 kg, concrete-piercing projectile - 250 kg; initial speed 820/720 m/s; armor penetration - 1 m of armor or 7 m of reinforced concrete; firing range - 48/38 km.

A system of symbols and inscriptions applied with paint to elements of ammunition (artillery rounds, aerial bombs, missiles, torpedoes, mines, etc.) and their closure. Together with stamps and distinguished by color, it allows you to determine their purpose and characteristics, ... ... Maritime Dictionary

ammunition marking

Ammunition markings- a system of symbols and inscriptions on elements of ammunition (artillery rounds, aerial bombs, warheads of torpedoes and missiles, mines, etc.) and their closures. Together with the branding of ammunition and the distinctive coloring of M. b. allows you to determine... ... Glossary of military terms

Marking- (from German markieren, from French marquer, English marking to mark, put a sign) application of conventional signs, letters, numbers, graphic signs or inscriptions to an object, for the purpose of its further identification (recognition), indication of its properties and... ... Wikipedia

ok-darilerdi tanbalau- (Ammunition marking) (German markieren - belgіleu, tanba koyu) battleumen ok darі elementterine (projectile, aerial bomber, rocketalar, torpedalar, engineer minalar zhane t.b.) zhazular zhuyesi.… … Kazakh explanatory terminological dictionary on military affairs

Sign systems- List sign systems(notation systems, etc.) used by human civilization, with the exception of writing systems for which there is separate list. Contents 1 Criteria for inclusion in the list 2 Mathematics ... Wikipedia

Ammunition supplies- 20 mm ammunition for automatic aircraft gun M 61 Vulcan Ammunition supplies component weapons directly intended to destroy manpower and in ... Wikipedia

Ammunition

Ammunition- 20mm. ammunition for the automatic aircraft gun M 61 Vulcan Ammunition supplies - all artillery and engineering materials and devices used to defeat enemy troops and destroy their structures. B. supplies include ready-made... Wikipedia

ammunition identification- šaudmenų skiriamieji ženklai statusas T sritis Gynyba apibrėžtis Sutartinių ženklų ir užrašų ant šaudmenų, jų dalių ir pakuotės sistema. Pagal šaudmenų skiriamųjų ženklų spalvą ir įspaudus nustatoma šaudmens paskirtis ir jo ypatybės. Ženklinimo… … Artilerijos terminų žodynas