International organizations. Presentation on the topic of international organizations: the ideals and principles that are their common heritage, and

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International organizations

Geography lesson 10 (profile) class Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 4 of the village of N. Aleksandrovka Teacher: Shapovalova M.V.

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The United Nations was created on October 24, 1945 by 51 countries in order to maintain peace, development international cooperation, provision collective security. In 2007, the UN included 192 independent states

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Main goals of the UN

Upon joining the UN, a state assumes the obligations set out in the Charter, which reflects the principles international relations and the main goals of the UN:

maintain international peace and security; develop friendly relations between nations; carry out international cooperation in resolving international problems; to promote respect for human rights and to be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in achieving these common goals.

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UN Headquarters in New York (USA)

The United Nations is not a world government and does not make laws, but it has powerful levers for resolving political conflicts: troops, financial resources, formed from contributions from participating countries. According to the UN Charter, member countries that are in arrears in the payment of monetary contributions are deprived of the right to vote in the General Assembly.

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Main organs of the UN

General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court.

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General Assembly

All members of the UN are represented in it, each state has one vote. Decisions on important issues such as maintaining international peace and security, the admission of new members or the approval of the UN budget, including the budgets of peacekeeping operations, are adopted by a majority of ⅔ votes. Decisions on other issues are made by a simple majority of votes. The Assembly's recommendations are a reflection of world public opinion.

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Security Council

is responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security and can be convened at any time when a threat to the peace arises. The Council consists of 15 members. Five of them are China, Russian Federation, Great Britain, USA and France are permanent members. The remaining 10 members of the Council are elected by the General Assembly for two years according to regional quotas - five seats for Asia and Africa, one for of Eastern Europe, two - for Latin America, two - for Western Europe. Council decisions are considered adopted when nine of its members vote for them. However, a decision cannot be made if even one of the permanent members votes against, i.e. uses his veto power. Council decisions are binding on all member states.

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Economic and Social Council

coordinates the activities of the UN and its agencies in the economic and social areas, in the field of international cooperation. Five regional commissions promote economic development and strengthening economic relations in their regions.

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Guardianship Council

was created to provide international monitoring of 11 trust territories administered by seven member states. By 1995, all trust territories had achieved self-government or independence, either as independent states or by joining neighboring ones. independent states. The work of the Council has now been largely completed; it is planned to transform the Trusteeship Council into a forum for protection environment planets.

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International Court.

The Court is the main judicial organ of the UN and deals with the settlement of disputes between states. The Secretariat conducts the operational and administrative work of the UN in accordance with the instructions of the General Assembly, the Security Council and other bodies. It is headed by Secretary General, who recruits the staff necessary for the operation of the Organization and provides general administrative direction. In 2007, the Secretariat consisted of nine departments and a number of directorates, employing 8,700 people from almost 160 countries.

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UN structure. Where are the main UN agencies located?

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Other international organizations

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization - NATO

It was created in 1949 as a counteraction to the threat of communism. By 2008, 26 states became NATO members: In 1999, three new members joined NATO - Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary. In 2004, there were seven Eastern European countries in NATO: Slovenia, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia. Headquarters governing bodies located in Brussels (Belgium).

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Council for Mutual Economic Assistance - CMEA

organization economic cooperation socialist countries, which existed in 1949-1991. Member countries: Albania (has not participated in the work of the organization since 1961, after the severance of relations with the USSR), Bulgaria, Vietnam, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had associate member status; The status of observers was given to the so-called socialist-oriented countries - Afghanistan, Angola, Ethiopia, Laos, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Yemen.

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ANZUS (Australia-New Zealand- United States Security Treaty - ANZUS)

military-political bloc of the USA, Australia and New Zealand (referred to by the first letters of the names of the participating countries: Australia, New Zealand, United States). The “Security Treaty”, which laid the foundation for the activities of ANZUS, was signed in 1951 for an indefinite period (valid since 1952). Since 1986, the activities of the union have been reduced to annual meetings Australia and USA).

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Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe - OSCE

The predecessor of the OSCE was the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, Final Act of which - a long-term program for the development of the process of detente and cooperation in Europe - was signed in 1975 in Helsinki (Finland) by the heads of state and government of 33 countries of Western Europe, as well as the USA and Canada. A new period in the activities of the OSCE began with the Paris Charter for New Europe, signed in 1990 and the decision of the Budapest meeting in 1994. OSCE participants in 2008 - 56 states of Europe, Asia and America

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Islamic Conference - OIC

was created in 1969 at the Conference of Heads of State and Government Muslim countries in Rabat (Morocco) with the aim of ensuring Islamic solidarity in the economic, social and political spheres, eliminating racism and colonialism, helping Muslim peoples in the struggle for independence and supporting the Palestine Liberation Organization. The OIC has 57 members: The headquarters of the General Secretariat is located in Jeddah ( Saudi Arabia).

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Arab League - Arab League

formed in 1945 by seven Arab states of Asia and Africa - Egypt, Iraq, Yemen, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Transjordan. By 2008, the Arab League had 22 members, with its headquarters in Cairo.

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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries - OPEC

created in 1960 to coordinate oil production policy. Member countries (13) - Algeria, Angola, Venezuela, Iraq, Iran, Indonesia, Qatar, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Ecuador.

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Union of Independent States - CIS

formed in 1991 to coordinate cooperation and provide a mechanism for the civilized disintegration of the USSR. The CIS consists of 12 member countries, former republics of the USSR, located in Europe and Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine. The headquarters is located in Minsk (Belarus).

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NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) North American Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA; fr. Accord de libre-échange nord-américain, ALENA; Spanish Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) is a free trade agreement between Canada, the United States and Mexico, based on the European Community model ( European Union). The NAFTA agreement came into force on January 1, 1994.

The goals of NAFTA: 1) Eliminate customs and passport barriers and stimulate the movement of goods and services between participating countries. 2) Creating and maintaining conditions for fair competition in the free trade area 3) Attracting investment in countries that are members of the agreement 4) Ensuring the protection and protection of rights intellectual property 5) Creation of a single continental market NAFTA

LAAI (LAI) Latin American Integration Association (LAI) is an association of economic cooperation between 12 Latin American countries. The purpose of the organization is to develop regional economic cooperation and trade; creation of a common market. Legal basis LAI - Montevideo Treaty (1980). The association's headquarters are located in Montevideo, Uruguay.

Member countries: Member countries are divided into three groups: more developed (Argentina, Brazil, Mexico), middle level (Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay, Chile) less developed (Bolivia, Paraguay, Ecuador), and Cuba. LAAI

ASEAN Association of Nations South-East Asia(English: Association of SouthEast Asian Nations) is a political, economic and cultural regional intergovernmental organization of countries located in Southeast Asia. ASEAN was formed on August 9, 1967 in Bangkok with the signing of the “ASEAN Declaration,” better known as the “Bangkok Declaration.” The treaty formalization of ASEAN occurred only in 1976 in the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation in Southeast Asia and the ASEAN Declaration of Concord signed on the island of Bali. Supreme body ASEAN is a summit of leaders (heads of state and government) of member countries, which has been held annually since 2001.

ASEAN Goals of ASEAN: According to the Bangkok Declaration, the goals of the organization are: “(I) accelerating economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through a common desire... to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community of Southeast Asian countries, and (II) to establish peace and stability in the region... through... adherence to the principles of the UN Charter.”

ASEAN Brunei, Vietnam, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines (10 countries) Secretariat Location: Jakarta

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is an international (regional) economic organization. APEC is the largest economic unification(forum), which accounts for over 57% of world GDP and 48% of world trade (2007). APEC

21: Australia, Brunei, Vietnam, Hong Kong (PRC), Indonesia, Canada, China, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, South Korea, Russia, Singapore, USA, Thailand, o. Taiwan, Philippines, Chile, Japan APEC

APEC goals and objectives: The main goals of the organization are to ensure a free, open trade regime and strengthen regional cooperation. In 1994, the creation of a free and open trade system and a liberal investment regime in the Asia-Pacific region by 2020 was announced as a strategic goal. Most the developed countries must carry out liberalization by 2010. Each country independently determines its status and the timing of the introduction of new regimes based on individual plans actions. APEC

SCO Shanghai organization Cooperation (SCO) is a regional international organization founded in 2001 by the leaders of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. With the exception of Uzbekistan, the rest of the countries were members of the Shanghai Five, founded as a result of the signing in 1996-1997. between Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia and Tajikistan confidence-building agreements in military field and about mutual reduction armed forces in the border area. After the inclusion of Uzbekistan in 2001, the participants renamed the organization.

The total territory of the SCO countries is 30 million km², that is, 60% of the territory of Eurasia. Its total demographic potential is a quarter of the world's population, and its economic potential includes the most powerful Chinese economy after the United States. One of the features of the SCO is that, in terms of status, it is neither a military bloc, like NATO, nor an open regular security meeting, like the ASEAN ARF, occupying an intermediate position. The main objectives of the organization are to strengthen stability and security in a wide area uniting member states, combat terrorism, separatism, extremism, drug trafficking, develop economic cooperation, energy partnership, scientific and cultural interaction. SCO

SCO 6+4: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan + India, Iran, Mongolia, Pakistan. Headquarters: Beijing

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is an interstate association (cooperation agreement between independent countries) most of the former union republics of the USSR. CIS

CIS is based on the principles sovereign equality all its members, therefore all member states are independent entities international law. The Commonwealth is not a state and does not have supranational powers. The main goals of the organization are: *cooperation in political, economic, environmental, humanitarian, cultural and other fields *cooperation in ensuring peace and security *mutual legal assistance*peaceful resolution of disputes and conflicts between the states of the CIS organization

members of the CIS an associated member of the CIS a state that has left the CIS an actual member of the CIS a state participating in some CIS structures as a CIS observer

Main military-political alliances modern system international relations

Economic and political unification 27 European countries. A common market has been created, guaranteeing free movement people, goods, capital and services, including the abolition of passport controls within the Schengen visa. A single currency (euro) was introduced. The association has the authority to participate in international relations. A common foreign policy and security policy.

An international intergovernmental organization created by oil-producing countries to stabilize oil prices. The organization includes 12 countries: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Qatar, Libya, United United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador, Angola.

Political, economic, cultural, regional intergovernmental organization of countries located in Southeast Asia. The direct constituent states are Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia. Goals: accelerating the economic, social and cultural development of member countries; establishing peace and stability in the region.

Organization for Education, Science and Culture. Main goals: promoting the strengthening of peace and security by expanding cooperation between states and peoples in the field of education, science and culture; ensuring justice and respect for the rule of law, universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. Has 195 member states.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is the world's largest military and political bloc, uniting most European countries, the USA and Canada. One of the declared goals of the organization is to ensure deterrence of any form of aggression against the territory of any member state or protection from it.

UN headquarters in New York (USA) The United Nations is not a world government and does not make laws, but it has powerful levers for resolving political conflicts: troops, financial resources generated through contributions from participating countries. According to the UN Charter, member countries that are in arrears in the payment of monetary contributions are deprived of the right to vote in the General Assembly.

General Assembly All members of the UN are represented in it, each state has one vote. Decisions on important issues, such as the maintenance of international peace and security, the admission of new members or the approval of the UN budget, including the budgets of peacekeeping operations, are made by a majority of ⅔ votes. Decisions on other issues are made by a simple majority of votes. The Assembly's recommendations are a reflection of world public opinion.

The Security Council is responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security and can be convened at any time when a threat to the peace arises. The Council consists of 15 members. Five of them - China, the Russian Federation, Great Britain, the USA and France - are permanent members. The remaining 10 members of the Council are elected by the General Assembly for two years according to regional quotas - five seats for Asia and Africa, one for Eastern Europe, two for Latin America, two for Western Europe. Council decisions are considered adopted when nine of its members vote for them. However, a decision cannot be made if even one of the permanent members votes against, i.e. uses his veto power. Council decisions are binding on all member states.

The Economic and Social Council coordinates the activities of the UN and its agencies in the economic and social fields and in the field of international cooperation. The five regional commissions promote economic development and strengthen economic relations in their regions.

The Trusteeship Council was created to provide international oversight of 11 trust territories administered by seven member states. By 1995, all trust territories had achieved self-government or independence, either as independent states or by joining neighboring independent states. The Council's work has now been largely completed; it is planned to transform the Trusteeship Council into a forum for protecting the planet's environment.

International Court. The Court is the main judicial organ of the UN and deals with the settlement of disputes between states. The Secretariat conducts the operational and administrative work of the UN in accordance with the instructions of the General Assembly, the Security Council and other bodies. It is headed by the Secretary General, who recruits the staff necessary for the operation of the Organization and provides general administrative direction. In 2007, the Secretariat consisted of nine departments and a number of directorates, employing 8,700 people from almost 160 countries.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization - NATO Was created in 1949 to counter the threat of communism By 2008, 26 states became NATO members: In 1999, three new members joined NATO - Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary. In 2004, there were seven Eastern European countries in NATO: Slovenia, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia. The headquarters of the governing bodies is located in Brussels (Belgium).

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance - CMEA organization of economic cooperation of socialist countries, which existed in 1949-1991. Member countries: Albania (has not participated in the work of the organization since 1961, after the severance of relations with the USSR), Bulgaria, Vietnam, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had associate member status; The status of observers was given to the so-called socialist-oriented countries - Afghanistan, Angola, Ethiopia, Laos, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Yemen.

ANZUS (Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty - ANZUS) military-political bloc of the USA, Australia and New Zealand (referred to by the first letters of the names of the participating countries: Australia, New Zealand, United States). The “Security Treaty”, which laid the foundation for the activities of ANZUS, was signed in 1951 for an indefinite period (valid since 1952). Since 1986, the activities of the union have been reduced to annual meetings between Australia and the USA).

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe - OSCE The predecessor of the OSCE was the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Final Act of which - a long-term program for the development of the process of détente and cooperation in Europe - was signed in 1975 in Helsinki (Finland) by the heads of state and government 33 countries of Western Europe, as well as the USA and Canada. A new period in the activities of the OSCE began with the Charter of Paris for a New Europe, signed in 1990 and the decision of the Budapest meeting in 1994. OSCE participants in 2008 - 56 states of Europe, Asia and America

The Islamic Conference - OIC was created in 1969 at the Conference of Heads of State and Government of Muslim Countries in Rabat (Morocco) with the aim of ensuring Islamic solidarity in the economic, social and political sphere, eliminating racism and colonialism, helping Muslim peoples in the struggle for independence and support Palestine Liberation Organization. The OIC has 57 members: The headquarters of the General Secretariat is located in Jeddah (Saudi Arabia).

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