Floating nuclear power plants. Floating nuclear power plant, academician Lomonosov. Floating nuclear power plant in Crimea. Floating nuclear power plants in Russia

Academician Lomonosov- a floating nuclear power plant under construction, project 20870, planned for placement in the city of Pevek, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Includes a floating energy unit and a complex of onshore structures. The project has been implemented since 2007, commissioning is scheduled for the second half of 2019.

Description of the station

Floating power unit

The floating nuclear thermal power plant is designed to produce electrical and thermal energy. Floating power plants can also be used for desalination of sea water (estimated from 40 to 240 cubic meters fresh water per day) .

The floating power unit is designed to operate as part of a low-power nuclear thermal power plant and provides, in nominal mode, the supply of 60 MW of electricity and up to 50 Gcal/h of thermal energy to the coastal networks for heating heating water. The electric power supplied to the coastal network without consumption of thermal energy by the shore is about 70 MW. In the mode of delivering maximum thermal power of about 145 Gcal/h, the electrical power supplied to the coastal network is about 30 MW.

The floating power unit is a non-self-propelled rack-mount type vessel with a double bottom and double sides, with a developed superstructure designed in the bow and middle parts to accommodate power equipment, and in the stern - a residential unit. Part power plant The FPU includes two KLT-40S reactor units developed by Afrikantov OKBM, two steam turbine units manufactured by Kaluga Turbine Plant OJSC (KTZ OJSC), auxiliary systems and equipment.

Main characteristics of the FPU:

• cable length 140.0 m;
• maximum length 144.2 m;
• maximum width 30.0 m;
• side height to VP 10.0 m;
• draft along the vertical line 5.5 m;
• displacement approx. 21560 t.

The designated service life of the power unit is 35 ÷ 40 years with annual technical maintenance And current repairs individual equipment, which are carried out without taking the power unit out of operation, and factory (medium) repairs after 10-12 years of operation.

The FPU will accommodate about 70 service personnel. For this purpose, there are residential cabins, a dining room, a lounge, a library, a sports complex (gym, Gym, swimming pool, sauna, bathhouse), shop, laundry, etc. A galley and provision block are provided for cooking and storing food. An outpatient clinic is provided to provide first aid.

Coastal infrastructure

Onshore facilities of the floating nuclear power plant are designed to receive and distribute electricity supplied from the floating nuclear power plant and hot water(for city heating) are located in the city of Pevek, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. To protect the FPU during operation from sea waves and the accumulation of drifting ice, a protective pier-berth is provided, which is a solid type barrier with passage holes to ensure normal hydrothermal parameters of the water area for the operation of the FPU.

Project cost

Initially, the total cost of construction of the floating nuclear power plant was estimated at 9.1 billion rubles. During the construction process, the cost of the station increased many times and as of 2015 was already estimated at 37.3 billion rubles, taking into account the coastal infrastructure.

History of construction

Design

The design of low-power nuclear power plants began in the USSR in the 70s of the twentieth century. JSC Afrikantov OKBM takes an active part in the development of these projects. Based on the experience of creating and operating marine reactors, JSC Afrikantov OKBM is developing a number of reactor plant designs for autonomous low-power nuclear power sources in the range from 6 to 100 MW(e). The ABV-6E and KLT-40S low-power projects that are most ready for implementation involve the placement of a nuclear power plant on land and on non-self-propelled floating vessels.

Chronicle of construction

• May 19, 2006: JSC PA Sevmash (Severodvinsk, Arkhangelsk Region) was declared the winner of the tender for the construction of a power plant.
• April 15, 2007: the floating power unit “Akademik Lomonosov” was laid down at Sevmash. The completion date for construction is 2010.
• August 2008: due to repeated postponements of construction deadlines, a decision was made to transfer the work to JSC Baltic Plant in St. Petersburg.
• May 2009: the first of two KLT-40s reactors was delivered to Baltic Plant JSC. The second reactor was delivered in August 2009.
• June 30, 2010: FPU launched; Installation of reactor and power equipment is carried out at the outfitting berth of JSC Baltic Plant.
• On September 15, 2011, the project to locate a floating nuclear power plant in the city of Pevek received a positive conclusion from the state environmental assessment.
• On September 27 and October 1, 2013, 220-ton steam generating units, manufactured according to the project of JSC Afrikantov OKBM, were transported from the boathouse of workshop No. 6 of the Baltic Plant to the outfitting embankment, where they were loaded into the FPU compartments.
• October 4, 2016: construction of the onshore infrastructure of the floating nuclear power plant began.
• April 28, 2018: towing of the floating power unit began to the site of complex testing at the FSUE Atomflot base in Murmansk.
• May 19, 2019: FPU "Akademik Lomonosov" successfully moored at the FSUE Atomflot base.
• November 2, 2018: The physical startup of reactor No. 1 was carried out.
• November 20, 2018: The physical start-up of reactor No. 2 was carried out.
• August - September 2019: planned transportation of FPU to Pevek;
• December 2019: planned commissioning of the floating nuclear power plant.

Personnel training

Currently, personnel training for FNPP is carried out in the training unit of FNPP on the basis of the St. Petersburg branch of the ANO DPO "Technical Academy of Rosatom".

Prospects

Initially, when developing the FNPP project, options for locating the station in the city of Severodvinsk in the Arkhangelsk Region and the city of Vilyuchinsk in Kamchatka were considered. Currently, work on the construction of a pier-berth and a complex of coastal structures intended for operation as part of a floating nuclear power plant is being carried out in the city of Pevek, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The placement of a floating power unit on this site is planned for the fall of 2019

Island states, in particular the Republic of Cape Verde, are showing interest in floating nuclear power plants

It should be noted that during the long (12 years) construction of the floating nuclear power plant, its cost has increased significantly compared to 2007 estimates.

The technological cycle of a floating nuclear power plant implies a 12-year campaign, after which the floating power unit must be towed to a specialized enterprise for medium repairs and reloading nuclear fuel, for which a year is allotted. As a result, the floating nuclear power plant cannot be the only source of energy supply and requires the construction of a reserve energy source that ensures the supply of electricity and heat to consumers while the floating nuclear power plant is undergoing repairs and refuelling. To back up the floating nuclear power plant in Pevek, it is planned to build a new thermal power plant with a capacity of 48 MW, with an estimated cost of 18.9 billion rubles.

Floating nuclear power plant Akademik Lomonosov location: Russia, city of Severodvinsk (place of construction) – world nuclear power plant map,

Status: Nuclear power plants under construction

Floating nuclear power plant Lomonosov in Russia

Floating nuclear power plant (abbreviated as FNPP) Academician Lomonosov – Russian project for the construction of Russia's first mobile floating nuclear power plant low power.

Floating power plant includes both a non-self-propelled vessel itself and reactor installations KLT-40S icebreaker type. The dimensions of the floating nuclear power plant vessel Akademik Lomonosov are 144 meters by 30 meters, the displacement of the floating nuclear power plant vessel is 21,500 tons.

The purpose of building a floating nuclear power plant is to produce electricity and heat, as well as desalination sea ​​water– from 40 to 240 thousand tons per day in conditions where it is impossible to build a land-based nuclear power plant, for example, this is a seismically active territory or conditions permafrost(relevant for Russia). The electrical power of one reactor (there are two of them at the nuclear power plant) is 35 MW, the thermal power is 140 gigacalories per hour. The service life is 36 years - 3 cycles of 12 years with overloading of the reactor cores. To date, the first reactor was built in 2010. Further development The project is complicated by the ongoing crisis in Russia and the saving of public funds. At a time when people check the ruble exchange rate online every five minutes, large investment projects are being frozen in the country. The falling exchange rate of the ruble also affects the cost of new nuclear power plants, since some of the equipment used is foreign-made.

Planned areas of use:

1. The northernmost city in Russia is Pevek in Chukotka
2. Closed military port of Vilyuchinsk on Kamchatka
3. Republic of Cape Verde (negotiations underway)
4. Offshore China, oil and gas fields
5. Gas fields of OJSC Gazprom in Taimyr

On September 15, 2011, permission was received for a project to use a Russian floating nuclear power plant near the city of Pevek to replace the capacity planned for closure in 2019-2021. In October 2016, construction of onshore infrastructure for the floating nuclear power plant began in the city of Pevek in Chukotka. The reactor is planned to be installed in its regular location in September 2019. In the same year, it is planned to put the Pevek nuclear power plant into operation. The cost of the first power unit in Pevek will be 16.5 billion rubles, of which 14.1 is the cost of the power unit itself, the remaining amount is the construction of onshore and hydraulic structures.

The history of the use of floating reactors in the world tells us about the United States, which used floating reactors to power the Panama Canal in 1966 - 1976, as well as the American base in Antarctica in 1962 - 1972.

Floating nuclear power plant Academician Lomonosov Russia: photos and videos

The first floating nuclear power plant in the world went to sea April 28th, 2018

When I started discussing it with you five years ago, I didn’t really believe that such an ambitious and unusual project would be brought to fruition in metal. Back in the 1950s, they appeared on wheels, on tracks and afloat. Since that time, nothing has been transferred to real samples.

And so the nuclear floating power unit (FPU) "Akademik Lomonosov" on April 28 left the territory of the "Baltic Plant" in St. Petersburg, where its construction had been underway since 2009, and headed to its home base - Chukotka.

Towing of the FPU to Pevek (Chukotka) is planned to be carried out in two stages: from St. Petersburg to Murmansk, without nuclear fuel on board, and then from Murmansk to Pevek, approximately in the summer of 2019, with nuclear fuel already loaded.

The entire range of towing and shunting services related to the transportation of a floating power unit (FPU) along the route St. Petersburg - Murmansk - Pevek will be provided by FBU Morskaya rescue Service Rosmorrechflot".

In Pevek itself, where the floating nuclear thermal power plant (FNPP) will be located, ongoing construction works, including the construction of a jetty, hydraulic structures(GTS) and onshore site, designed to ensure safe parking of the power unit and acceptance of the energy bridge from it.

In the fall of this year, nuclear fuel will be loaded into the reactor and its physical start-up will take place in Murmansk, and the FPU ready for operation will be delivered along the Northern sea ​​route to Pevek and will be connected to the coastal infrastructure. “After commissioning, which is scheduled for 2019, the floating nuclear power plant will replace the Bilibino Nuclear Power Plant and the Chaunskaya Thermal Power Plant, which are already technologically outdated, and will become the northernmost nuclear power plant in the world,” the report notes.

“The installation of floating nuclear power plants in hard-to-reach areas of Russia is a very promising direction for the development of Russian engineering,” says the first vice-president Russian Union engineers Ivan Andrievsky. He recalls that the president of the country has repeatedly spoken about the importance of developing the Far North. In addition, Andrievsky told the Center for Energy Expertise, “the project meets all IAEA requirements, this eliminates all kinds of claims against it for international level. Considering the growing interest in the Arctic on the part of a number of countries, and the fact that meeting energy needs in this region is associated with a number of understandable difficulties that these countries have not yet fully resolved, the emergence of FNPP will certainly arouse scientific and business interest among a number of Russia’s partners [... ]".

In turn, Advisor to the President of the FINAM Group of Companies Yaroslav Kabakov recalled that many states showed interest in the project even at the construction stage and “China is especially active in this direction.” According to the expert, “with the commissioning of the first floating nuclear power plant, if it operates successfully, we can expect that countries that previously could not even dream of developing nuclear energy in their countries will want to implement the project.”

The floating power unit (FPU) "Akademik Lomonosov" of project 20,870 is the lead project of a series of mobile, transportable low-power power units. It is designed to operate as part of a floating nuclear thermal power plant (FNPP) and is new class mobile energy sources based on Russian nuclear shipbuilding technologies. The station is equipped with two KLT-40S reactor units, which are capable of generating up to 70 MW of electricity and 50 Gcal/h of thermal energy in the nominal operating mode, which is enough to support the life of a city with a population of about 100 thousand people. FPU is a unique and world's first project of a mobile, transportable low-power power unit. It is intended for operation in the Far North and Far East.

Floating nuclear power plants in Russia are a project of domestic designers to create mobile low-power plants. The state corporation Rosatom, the Baltic Plant enterprises, and a number of other organizations are involved in the development.

Historical reference

On initial stages During the development of the industry, nuclear energy was considered mainly in relation to the military industry. However, over the past few decades, the advantages of mobile sources suitable for operation in remote and undeveloped areas have become increasingly obvious. To a greater extent, the change in priorities was due to the development of civilian nuclear technologies and the installation of reactors on military ships, icebreakers, and submarines.

For the first time, mobile installations began to be used in the United States. They also provided energy for the American research base in Antarctica.

Relatively recently, the media asked the question of whether a floating nuclear power plant would be installed in Crimea. Opinions on this matter vary. However, there have been no statements from the state corporation coordinating the program regarding this issue. Some experts say that a floating nuclear power plant is not needed in Crimea. They explain their position by the fact that such installations are designed for operation in remote, hard-to-reach areas. The peninsula can be supplied in other ways. For example, an energy bridge is being built from the mainland of the country.

Domestic industry

According to the federal target program "Energy Efficient Economy" 2002-2005. and for the future until 2010, a tender was held for the creation of a low-power floating nuclear power plant. In mid-May 2006, the winner was the Sevmash enterprise. The following year, 2007, the administration of the Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University and the Federal Atomic Energy Agency reached an agreement that the institute would act as a base university for training relevant specialists. In 2008, the project coordinators announced that part of the orders for units and components would be transferred to the Baltic Plant. However, the Sevmash plant announced a little later that the floating nuclear power plant would be commissioned 5 months later than planned. In this regard, the entire order was transferred to the Baltic Plant.

Start of construction

As Sergei Zavyalov, deputy head of Rosenergoatom, stated in 2010, the first floating nuclear power plant was created in accordance with the schedule. The installation was planned to be ready at the end of 2012, and commissioning was expected in 2013. In June 2010, the first power unit was launched. This happened at the Baltic plant. But at that time the turbogenerator and reactor were not installed. Installation work was supposed to be carried out on a floating power unit. In September 2011, the project in Pevek received a positive conclusion from the environmental assessment. It is currently at the investment feasibility stage. At the end of September - beginning of October 2013, steam generating blocks weighing 220 tons, produced according to OKBM designs. Afrikantov, were transported to the outfitting embankment from the boathouse of the sixth workshop of the Baltic Plant. There, in the presence of Rosenergoatom representatives, they were loaded into the reactor compartments by a floating crane. In accordance with the terms of the contract, the St. Petersburg plant must deliver the FPU, prepared for transportation to the site of operation, on September 9, 2016. Last news about the floating nuclear power plant indicate that it should be fully operational in 2018.

Key project

In the series of mobile, transportable low-power installations, the floating nuclear power plant "Akademik Lomonosov" is considered the main one. Its maximum power is more than 70 MW. The installation includes two KLT-40S reactors. The chief designer is JSC "Afrikantov OKBM". The same enterprise is the main manufacturer and supplier of reactor equipment. In particular, it includes pumps, fuel handling units, control and control systems, auxiliary machines, etc. The floating nuclear power plant "Akademik Lomonosov" was created on the basis of serial installation, used in icebreakers, proven over long-term operation in Arctic conditions.

Purpose

Performed by enterprises and research institutes Rosatom's design activities have shown the possibility of constructing energy sources of a qualitatively new class on the basis of already mastered ship reactors. They will be used to produce desalinated water, electricity, domestic and industrial heat. It is planned to distribute floating nuclear power plants with a capacity of 3.5 to 70 or more MW. They are intended to supply port cities, large industrial enterprises, gas and oil production complexes located in the shelf zone.

Specifics

Mobile nuclear power plants are autonomous objects. They are completely created at the shipyard as a non-propelled vessel. Finished units are transported by river or sea to the operation site. The customer receives the object in working condition. Floating nuclear power plants include a complex of living quarters and complete infrastructure that provides accommodation for personnel operating and maintaining the installation. Thus, the manufacturer and supplier complete the order on a turnkey basis. Factory construction ensures maximum reduction of construction time. At the same time, the Russian floating nuclear power plant meets all international requirements requirements for quality and safety.

Advantages

A floating nuclear power plant is best suited for operation in hard-to-reach areas along the banks of rivers or seas, remote from central systems supplies. In the Russian Federation, these are primarily the regions of the Far East and the Far North. These regions do not have a unified energy system. Economically viable and reliable sources of supply are needed here. Currently, the need for several dozen low-power stations in these regions is very acute. installations will stimulate economic activity and ensure an adequate standard of living for the population.

Safety

The floating nuclear power plant meets all international environmental requirements. Fuel enrichment does not exceed the maximum level for compliance with the nonproliferation regime nuclear weapons. Since operation is expected in the coastal zone of the world's oceans, the question of the installation's resistance to the effects of extreme conditions is quite relevant. natural factors(tornadoes, tsunamis, etc.).

OKMB Afrikantov has a complex of innovative technologies, due to which the floating nuclear power plant will withstand any level of dynamic load specified in the project. The layout of the future installation is created with a certain “margin of safety”. It exceeds the maximum possible loads in the operating area. For example, the possibility of a tsunami wave or a collision with a coastal structure or other vessel is provided for. After 40 years of operation, the main power unit of the floating nuclear plant will be replaced with a new one. In this case, the old one will be returned to the processing plant for recycling. During operation and after its completion, there will be no environmental impacts in the area where the floating vessel was installed. hazardous waste. Repairs and fuel reloading will be carried out in the conditions of existing domestic specialized enterprises. Everything is present on them necessary equipment, and also employs qualified personnel.

Nuclear expert: floating nuclear power plants. Good catch

Currently, many articles are being published on the topic under consideration. Many of them present some of the developments of a number of leading research and design institutes. For example, in 2015, the concept of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was highlighted. It is believed that a floating nuclear power plant (a photo of the installation can be seen in the article) is one of the most promising supply options settlements, in which there are insufficient resources of the coastal zone. The concept of the institute combines two fairly well-known technologies. In particular, the design of a deep-sea oil platform is considered.

During last week's International Naval Show 2013, officials from Russia's United Shipbuilding Corporation announced several news items regarding the industry's latest achievements and ongoing projects. Thus, the management of the Baltic Shipyard (St. Petersburg) shared information about the progress of one of the most daring projects of recent times - the construction of the Akademik Lomonosov floating nuclear power plant (FNPP).

As Baltic Plant director A. Voznesensky said, the first domestic floating nuclear power plant will be built by 2016. Currently, the installation of the vessel's structures is underway and in three years Rosatom will receive the world's first floating nuclear power plant. The ship will be able to provide electricity and heat to cities and enterprises in hard-to-reach areas of the country, primarily in the Far North. Soon after the completion of the first floating power plant, construction is planned to begin next ships this series.

Construction of the first vessel with nuclear power plant units on board is currently underway. Workers at the Baltic Plant assemble metal structures and install equipment. Work has begun on installing some reactor elements. Thus, the project to build the Akademik Lomonosov floating nuclear power plant has finally gotten off the ground. Let us recall that the construction of a ship with a nuclear power module began back in 2007 at the Severodvinsk Sevmash plant. However, a few months after the start of construction, all assembled units of the future floating power plant were transferred to the Baltic Plant, where work was expected to continue. However, such plans did not come to fruition and construction was frozen for several years. The current work is being carried out in accordance with the new agreement between Rosatom and Baltic Plant, signed in December last year.

The finished floating nuclear power plant “Akademik Lomonosov” will be a non-self-propelled vessel with a displacement of over 21 thousand tons. Lack of own power plant due to the peculiarities of the operation of floating nuclear power plants. It is assumed that tugboats will bring it to the place of work, after which the ship stationed in the port will connect to the communications of the supplied facility and will provide it with heat and electricity for a given period. The floating nuclear power plant crew of 69 people will supervise the work of two nuclear reactors, capable of generating up to 70 MW of electricity and 300 MW of heat. If necessary, the power plant will be able to operate as a seawater desalination plant. In this mode, the calculated maximum productivity of the Akademik Lomonosov floating nuclear power plant is 240 thousand cubic meters of fresh water per hour. According to official data from the project developers, such characteristics will allow one floating power plant to supply electricity and heat to a city with a population of up to 200 thousand people.

The declared operating life of one floating nuclear power plant is 40 years. After this time, the ship with the nuclear power plant is planned to be towed to the appropriate enterprise to replace the power unit that has exhausted its service life. It is planned to install a new unit in its place, after which the floating power plant can be returned to its old duty station or transferred to a new one.

The developers and builders of the first floating nuclear power plant are the Iceberg Central Design Bureau, OKBM im. I.I. Afrikantova and the Baltic Shipyard emphasize that the design of the vessel and nuclear power plant uses developments that have been tested in northern conditions for many decades. The Akademik Lomonosov floating nuclear power plant project includes a safety margin that significantly exceeds all possible threats, including tsunamis, collisions with other ships or coastal structures, etc. similar disasters. The level of safety of nuclear power plants of new floating nuclear power plants fully meets all international requirements for such equipment.

Due to the remoteness of such events, it is not yet known exactly where the first Russian floating nuclear power plant will go. Previously, when construction of the lead vessel began, it was stated that similar power plants would serve on Far East and in the Far North. Chukotka was indicated as possible places of work autonomous region, Taimyr and Kamchatka. Perhaps in the future such a list of territories in need of supply with the help floating power plants, will undergo major changes. It is noteworthy that the characteristics and capabilities of Russian floating nuclear power plants were of interest not only to Russian officials and businessmen. Several foreign countries have shown their interest in such vessels: Algeria, Argentina, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc.

For obvious reasons, it is too early to talk about supplies of floating nuclear power plants. foreign countries. The lead ship of this class will be built only in 2016, after which some time will be spent on completing a series of floating power plants for domestic Russian needs. Therefore, the start of construction of export analogues of the Akademik Lomonosov vessel should be expected no earlier than the end of the current decade. Around the same time, it is possible that the construction of the next vessel in the series for Rosatom will be completed.

Based on materials from sites:
http://russian.rt.com/
http://morvesti.ru/
http://okbm.nnov.ru/