Koryak Autonomous Okrug. Settlements of Koryakia. Koryak Autonomous Okrug, Russia

Koryak autonomous region located in the northern part of the Kamchatka Peninsula, occupying 60% of its area, the adjacent part of the mainland and the island of Karaginsky. It was washed from the east by the Bering Sea of ​​the Pacific Ocean (the length of the coast is more than 1500 km), and from the west by the Sea of ​​Okhotsk (the length of the coast is about 1500 km).

Population

As of 2016, 16,752 people lived within the boundaries of the Koryak Okrug.

Population
1959 1970 1979 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
27 525 ↗ 30 917 ↗ 34 265 ↗ 39 363 ↘ 37 622 ↗ 37 709 ↘ 37 366 ↘ 35 705 ↘ 33 071 ↘ 31 155
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
↘ 29 881 ↘ 29 026 ↘ 28 324 ↘ 27 480 ↘ 26 645 ↘ 25 831 ↘ 25 157 ↘ 24 964 ↘ 24 348 ↘ 23 839
2006 2007
↘ 23 185 ↘ 22 580
Birth rate (number of births per 1000 population)
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998
22,2 ↘ 21,1 ↘ 20,0 ↗ 20,8 ↘ 16,1 ↘ 11,5 ↗ 11,5 ↗ 11,8 ↗ 12,9
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
↘ 10,7 ↘ 10,0 ↗ 10,6 ↗ 11,3 ↘ 10,9 ↗ 14,1 ↘ 12,5 ↘ 11,8
Mortality (number of deaths per 1000 population)
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998
11,6 ↘ 11,2 ↘ 10,0 ↘ 7,6 ↗ 8,7 ↗ 14,4 ↘ 13,4 ↘ 12,7 ↘ 11,6
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
↗ 13,3 ↗ 13,5 ↗ 13,8 ↘ 13,7 ↗ 18,7 ↗ 19,2 ↗ 19,8 ↘ 16,0
Natural population growth (per 1000 population, sign (-) means natural population decline)
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998
10,6 ↘ 9,9 ↗ 10,0 ↗ 13,2 ↘ 7,4 ↘ -2,9 ↗ -1,9 ↗ -0,9 ↗ 1,3
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
↘ -2,6 ↘ -3,5 ↗ -3,2 ↗ -2,4 ↘ -7,8 ↗ -5,1 ↘ -7,3 ↗ -4,2
Life expectancy at birth (number of years)
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
57,0 ↘ 53,5 ↘ 53,2 ↗ 54,2 ↗ 55,3 ↗ 56,4 ↘ 55,7 ↗ 55,7 ↘ 55,4
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
↗ 56,4 ↘ 54,1 ↘ 53,1 ↘ 51,3 ↗ 56,0 ↗ 56,2 ↘ 56,0 ↘ 55,1

Climate, nature and seismic conditions

The climate is harsh, subarctic, on the coasts - maritime, in the interior - continental. Winter is long, snowy and frosty, average temperature January −24 °C…−26 °C. Summer is short, cool and rainy, the average July temperature is +12 °C…+14 °C. The average rainfall is 300 to 700 mm per year.

The nature is diverse: median mountain ranges with glaciers, coastal hills, vast expanses of forest tundra and tundra, in some places permafrost. Thousands of rivers and lakes rich in fish (chum salmon, pink salmon, char, grayling, trout); dozens different types animals (bear, elk, bighorn sheep, hare, arctic fox, sable, etc.), hundreds of species of forest and waterfowl. Deer graze on pastures in the tundra.

The main rivers are: Penzhina (length 713 km), Talovka (458 km), Vyvenka (395 km), Pakhacha (293 km), Apuka (296 km), Ukelayat (288 km). Lakes: Talovskoe (44 sq. km), Palanskoye (28 sq. km).

Mountain ranges: Sredinny, Vetveisky, Penzhinsky, Pakhachinsky, Olyutorsky, etc. Altitudes: Khuvkhoitun (2613 m), Ledyanaya (2562 m), Sharp (2552 m). Shishel town (2531 m), Tylele hill (2234 m).

Reserves: Koryaksky nature reserve, including Cape Govin, Lavrov Bay and Parapolsky Dol (327 thousand ha); nature reserves- Karaginsky Island (193 thousand ha), Moroshechnaya River (150 thousand ha), Belaya River (90 thousand ha), Palanskoe Lake (88 thousand ha), Kaazarok Lagoon (17 thousand ha), Utkholok (50 thousand .ha).

Economy

Administrative-territorial division

: Invalid or missing image

Districts

  • Karaginsky district (southeast)
  • Olyutorsky district (northeast)
  • Penzhinsky district (northwest)
  • Tigilsky district (southwest)

Municipalities

rural settlements "Apuka village", "Achaivayam village", "Middle Pakhachi village", "Pakhachi village", "Vyvenka village", "Korf village", "Tilichiki village", "Khailino village"

Penzhinsky municipal district

rural settlements "village of Ayanka", "village of Kamenskoye", "village of Manila", "village of Oklan", "village of Guy", "village of Slautnoye", "village of Talovka"

Tigilsky municipal district

rural settlements "village of Voyampolka", "village of Lesnaya", "village of Sedanka", "village of Tigil", "village of Ust-Khairyuzovo", "village of Khairyuzovo".

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Notes

  3. The sum of the population for 4 districts and the urban district that previously constituted the district
  4. www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2016/bul_dr/mun_obr2016.rar Population Russian Federation on municipalities as of January 1, 2016

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An excerpt characterizing the Koryak Autonomous Okrug

This family rapprochement here, at the ball, seemed insulting to Natasha, as if there was no other place for family conversations except at the ball. She did not listen or look at Vera, who was saying something to her about her green dress.
Finally, the sovereign stopped beside his last lady (he was dancing with three), the music stopped; the preoccupied adjutant ran up to the Rostovs, asking them to move somewhere else, although they were standing against the wall, and the distinct, cautious and fascinatingly measured sounds of a waltz rang out from the choir. The emperor looked at the hall with a smile. A minute passed and no one started yet. The adjutant manager approached Countess Bezukhova and invited her. She raised her hand, smiling, and laid it, without looking at him, on the adjutant's shoulder. The adjutant steward, a master of his craft, confidently, leisurely and measuredly, tightly embracing his lady, set off with her first glidepath, along the edge of the circle, at the corner of the hall picked her up left hand, turned it, and because of the ever-accelerating sounds of music, only the measured clicks of the spurs of the adjutant's quick and dexterous legs were heard, and every three measures at the turn, his lady's velvet dress fluttered, as it were. Natasha looked at them and was ready to cry that it was not she who was dancing this first round of the waltz.
Prince Andrei, in his colonel's white (for cavalry) uniform, in stockings and boots, lively and cheerful, stood in the forefront of the circle, not far from the Rostovs. Baron Firgof spoke to him about tomorrow, the proposed first meeting of the State Council. Prince Andrei, as a person close to Speransky and participating in the work of the legislative commission, could give correct information about the meeting of tomorrow, about which there were various rumors. But he did not listen to what Firgof told him, and looked first at the sovereign, then at the gentlemen who were about to dance, who did not dare to enter the circle.
Prince Andrei watched these cavaliers and ladies, who were shy under the sovereign, trembling with the desire to be invited.
Pierre went up to Prince Andrei and grabbed his hand.
- You always dance. Here is my protegee [favorite], young Rostova, invite her, - he said.
- Where? Bolkonsky asked. “Excuse me,” he said, turning to the baron, “we will finish this conversation in another place, but at the ball we have to dance.” - He stepped forward, in the direction that Pierre indicated to him. Natasha's desperate, fading face caught Prince Andrei's eyes. He recognized her, guessed her feelings, realized that she was a beginner, remembered her conversation at the window, and with a cheerful expression approached Countess Rostova.
“Let me introduce you to my daughter,” said the countess, blushing.
“I have the pleasure of being acquainted, if the countess remembers me,” said Prince Andrei with a courteous and low bow, completely contradicting Peronskaya’s remarks about his rudeness, going up to Natasha, and raising his hand to hug her waist even before he finished the invitation to dance. He suggested a waltz tour. That fading expression on Natasha's face, ready for despair and delight, suddenly lit up with a happy, grateful, childlike smile.
“I have been waiting for you for a long time,” as if this frightened and happy girl said, with her smile that appeared because of ready tears, raising her hand on the shoulder of Prince Andrei. They were the second couple to enter the circle. Prince Andrei was one of the best dancers of his time. Natasha danced superbly. Her feet in ballroom satin shoes quickly, easily and independently of her did their job, and her face shone with the delight of happiness. Her bare neck and arms were thin and ugly. Compared to Helen's shoulders, her shoulders were thin, her chest indefinite, her arms thin; but Helen already seemed to have varnish from all the thousands of glances that glided over her body, and Natasha seemed like a girl who was naked for the first time, and who would be very ashamed of it if she had not been assured that it was so necessary.
Prince Andrei loved to dance, and wanting to quickly get rid of the political and intelligent conversations with which everyone turned to him, and wanting to quickly break this annoying circle of embarrassment formed by the presence of the sovereign, he went to dance and chose Natasha, because Pierre pointed her out to him. and because she was the first of the pretty women that caught his eye; but as soon as he embraced this thin, mobile body, and she stirred so close to him and smiled so close to him, the wine of her charms hit him in the head: he felt revived and rejuvenated when, catching his breath and leaving her, he stopped and began to look on the dancers.

After Prince Andrei, Boris approached Natasha, inviting her to dance, and that adjutant dancer who started the ball, and still young people, and Natasha, passing her excess gentlemen to Sonya, happy and flushed, did not stop dancing the whole evening. She did not notice and did not see anything that occupied everyone at this ball. She not only did not notice how the sovereign spoke for a long time with the French envoy, how he spoke especially graciously with such and such a lady, how the prince did such and such and said the way Helen had big success and received special attention such and such; she did not even see the sovereign and noticed that he left only because after his departure the ball became more lively. One of the merry cotillions, before supper, Prince Andrei again danced with Natasha. He reminded her of their first meeting in Otradnenskaya Alley and how she could not fall asleep on a moonlit night, and how he could not help hearing her. Natasha blushed at this reminder and tried to justify herself, as if there was something shameful in the feeling in which Prince Andrei involuntarily overheard her.
Prince Andrei, like all people who grew up in the world, loved to meet in the world that which did not have a common secular imprint. And such was Natasha, with her surprise, joy and timidity, and even mistakes in French. He spoke with her especially tenderly and carefully. Sitting beside her, talking to her about the simplest and most insignificant subjects, Prince Andrei admired the joyful gleam in her eyes and smile, which related not to spoken speeches, but to her inner happiness. While Natasha was chosen and she got up with a smile and danced around the hall, Prince Andrei admired in particular her timid grace. In the middle of the cotillion, Natasha, having finished the figure, still breathing heavily, approached her place. The new gentleman again invited her. She was tired and out of breath, and apparently thought of refusing, but immediately again cheerfully raised her hand on the cavalier's shoulder and smiled at Prince Andrei.
“I would be glad to rest and sit with you, I am tired; but you see how they choose me, and I'm glad about it, and I'm happy, and I love everyone, and you and I understand all this, ”and that smile said a lot more. When the gentleman left her, Natasha ran across the hall to take two ladies for the pieces.
“If she comes first to her cousin, and then to another lady, then she will be my wife,” Prince Andrei said quite unexpectedly to himself, looking at her. She went first to her cousin.
“What nonsense sometimes comes to mind! thought Prince Andrei; but it’s only true that this girl is so sweet, so special, that she won’t dance here for a month and get married ... This is a rarity here, ”he thought, when Natasha, straightening the rose that had fallen back from her corsage, sat down beside him.
At the end of the cotillion, the old count in his blue tailcoat approached the dancers. He invited Prince Andrei to his place and asked his daughter if she was having fun? Natasha did not answer and only smiled with such a smile that said reproachfully: "How could you ask about this?"
- So much fun, like never before in my life! - she said, and Prince Andrei noticed how quickly her thin hands rose to hug her father and immediately fell. Natasha was as happy as ever in her life. She was at that highest stage of happiness when a person becomes completely trusting and does not believe in the possibility of evil, misfortune and grief.

Pierre at this ball for the first time felt insulted by the position that his wife occupied in higher spheres. He was sullen and distracted. There was a wide crease across his forehead, and he, standing at the window, looked through his glasses, seeing no one.

KORYAK AO - Kamchatka

Location:
Koryak Autonomous Okrug is located in the northern part of the Kamchatka Peninsula and occupies two thirds of its area - 301.5 thousand km2 and 1.8% of the territory of the Russian Federation. This area can accommodate several European states at once.

Distance from the district center to Moscow-12866 km. The distance between the settlements of the Okrug is from 7 to 357 km, communication between them is carried out by air transport, automobile (between some settlements) and cross-country vehicles. Air communication with the mainland of Russia through the airport of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

In the north, the Koryak Okrug borders with the Magadan Region and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. From the south at 57-56 degrees northern latitude KAO borders on the Kamchatka region. From the east, the territory of the Koryak Autonomous Okrug is washed by the waters of the Bering Sea. The total length of the coastline from the side Pacific Ocean exceeds 1500 km. From the west, the territory of the district is washed by the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. The length of the coastline is approximately 1500 km. The territory of the Koryak Autonomous Okrug is 301.5 thousand km2

GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE KORYAK AO
Date of formation - December 10, 1930
It is part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
District center - town. Palana
The distance from Palana to Moscow is 12866 km, to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky - 851 km. (over the air).
The local time - Moscow time+ 9 hours.
Population (as of January 1, 2005) - number: 23.8 thousand people. The average population density is 0.08 people/km2.
National composition - Russians, Koryaks, Chukchis, Evens, Itelmens.
Territory - 301.5 thousand km2.
The climate is subarctic.
Composition - 4 districts, two urban-type settlements, 29 rural settlements.
Industry - fishing, mining.
Transport - aviation, sea.
Agriculture - reindeer breeding.
Natural resources - coal, ores of gold, platinum, mercury, tin, reserves of sulfur, limestone.
Reserves - Koryak State Reserve.
Nature reserves - Karaginsky Island, Morochechnaya River, Verkhoturov Island, Palanskoye Lake, Kazarok Lagoon, Utkholok, Belaya River.
Wetlands - Utkholok, r. Moroshechnaya, oh. Karaginsky, Parapolsky Dol.
Monuments of nature - Palani hot springs, Palani rapids, about. Kekur Wingenstein, capes Zubchaty, Grozny, Dobzhansky, Manchzhur Island, amethysts of the Shamanka River, Larch forest, Tochilin section, Anastasia Bay.
Rivers - Penzhina, Talovka, Vyvenka, Apuka, Pakhacha, Ukelayat, Palana.
Lakes - Talovskoe, Palanskoe.
Mountains - Khuvkhoytun, Ledyanaya, Ostraya, Shishel, Greben, Chernaya.
Ridges - Sredinny, Vetveysky, Penzhinsky, Pikas, Pakhachinsky, Olyutorsky, Pylginsky, Vaegsky, Vatyka, South Mainsky.
Islands - Karaginsky, Verkhoturov, Ptichy.
Capes - Lake, South, Ilpinsky.
Bays - Karaginsky, Korfa, Olyutorsky.
Peninsulas - Lake, Govena, Olyutorsky.
Straits - Litke.

GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION
The district is located in the extreme north-east of Russia, occupies northern part the Kamchatka Peninsula, the part of the mainland adjacent to it, as well as the Karaginsky Island. It is washed by the waters of the Okhotsk (from the west) and Bering (from the east) seas. Geographical position district is favorable for the development of intensive foreign economic relations in various fields, especially with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, which is predicted to become one of the leading centers of the world economy in the coming years.

Map. Koryaksky AO

CLIMATE IN KORYAK AO
The Koryak Autonomous Okrug is located in a zone with a subarctic climate. Medium long-term temperature air in January -17°С, in July +14°С. The average annual precipitation is from 300 to 700 mm.

POPULATION OF THE KORYAK AO
As of January 1, 2005, the population of the Koryak Autonomous Okrug was 23.8 thousand people. The average population density is 0.08 people/km2. The economically active population is 16.6 thousand people. In 2004, the registered unemployment rate was 10.2%. Age structure of the population: 65.8% of the population is of working age, 23.5% is younger than working age, 10.7% is older than working age. Population of the largest settlements (thousand people, as of 01.01.2005): Palana - 4, town. Ossora - 2.4. The urban population is 6.3 thousand people, rural - 17.4 thousand people.

In total, over 60 nationalities live on the territory of KAO. Of these, 50.6% are Russians, 26.7% are Koryaks, 5.6% are Chukchi, 4.7% are Itelmens, and 3.0% are Evens.

The distribution of the resident population by districts of the district: Tigilsky - 38.4%, Karaginsky - 22.0%, Penzhinsky - 11.7%, Olyutorsky - 27.9%.

DISTANCES FROM REGIONAL CENTERS
Ossora - Palana 200 km
Ossora - P-Kamchatsky 860 km
Tilichiki - Palana 370 km
Tilichiki - P-Kamchatsky 1067 km
Kamianske - Palana 500 km
Kamenskoye - P-Kamchatsky 1297 km
Tigil - Palana 160 km
Tigil - P-Kamchatsky 706 km

On the territory of the Okrug, along with mountainous terrain with altitudes up to 2500 m, tundra and forest tundra predominate, permafrost is common.

Economy in Koryak Autonomous Region
The main sources of formation of the gross income of the district are the products of the fishing industry and the development of platinum and gold deposits. The Koryak Autonomous Okrug has a large reserve natural resources. For 9 years, the extraction of placer gold and platinum in the total volume of industrial production has increased from 6 to 50 percent. Coal production in 2004 reached 41.6 thousand tons and increased by 1.5 times compared to 1995. The potential of the Okrug in terms of mineral resources that can be developed is estimated at 19.6 billion US dollars in world prices. The border position of the Okrug contributes to the intensive development of foreign economic activity. Fish products are exported to the USA and a number of Asian countries.

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KORYAKSKY AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT , a subject of the Russian Federation, as part of Kamchatka region. It is located in the north of the Kamchatka Peninsula and the adjacent part of the mainland and about. Karaginsky. It is washed by the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Bering Sea. Included in Far Eastern economic region . Pl. 301.5 thousand km 2. Population 31.1 thousand people (1998). The center is the urban-type settlement of Palana. Urban population 25.1%. Live (%): Russians 62, Koryaks 16.4, Ukrainians 7.2, Chukchi 3.6, Itelmens 3. Includes 4 administrative districts, 2 urban-type settlements. Wed population density 0.1 pers. per 1 km 2. The most densely (relatively) populated Karaginsky district. Formed December 10, 1930.

The relief is predominantly medium-mountainous. In the northern part of the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Sredinny Range extends, in the east of the district - the Koryak Upland (height up to 2562 m), in the northwest - the Kolyma Upland. Between them are the Penzhinsky lowland and the Parapolsky Dol, separated by the Penzhinsky ridge. Deposits of brown coal, mercury ores. The climate is subarctic. Winter is cold, long, snowy, cf. January temperature is from -24 to -26 °С. Summer is cool, short, cf. July temperature 10-14 °С. Precipitation is 300-700 mm per year. Vegetation period 65-110 days. Permafrost rocks are ubiquitous. Lots of short deep rivers, the largest - Penzhina. Koryaksky aut. The district is located in the forest-tundra zone. Mountain-tundra soils predominate in the mountainous part; podzolic and marsh peat soils are developed in lowland areas. Siberian dwarf pine is ubiquitous, on the western coast of Kamchatka - stone birch, in the upper reaches of the Penzhina - red-kostoynis larch forests. In the Koryak Autonomous Okrug. sable, fox, arctic fox, ermine have been preserved. Coastal waters are rich in fish (chum salmon, pink salmon, herring, navaga, etc.), as well as sea ​​animal. Within the district - Koryaksky Reserve.

Natural conditions for the life of the population on the b. h. territories are unfavorable, within the Kamchatka peninsula they are moderately favorable. Ecological situation conditionally satisfactory, with acute foci, due to Ch. way of water pollution. Around the nose. Korf is a stable zone of general pollution of the territory of the square. 25 km2.

Main branch of the economy - the fishing industry (fish factories - Olyutorsky, Khairyuzovsky, Khailyulinsky; production of food fish products, canned fish, semi-finished products). Wed productivity (c/ha, 1997): potatoes 64, vegetables 33. Reindeer breeding. Animal husbandry, hunting. The mining industry is developing precious metals and coal). Ch. modes of transport - sea and air. Navigation on the river Penzhina. Density highways 0.2 km/thousand, km2 (1997).

Cash spending per capita 77% of the Russian average; the number of private cars 16.5 per 1000 people; unemployment 6.7% (1997).

Source: Encyclopedia "Fatherland"

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    Encyclopedic Dictionary of Economics and Law

  • - as part of the Kamchatka region of the RSFSR. Formed December 10, 1930. northern half the Kamchatka Peninsula, the adjacent part of the mainland and about. Karaginsky. It is washed by the waters of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Bering Sea ...

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  • - In Russian federation. Formed December 10, 1930. 301.5 thousand km². population 38 thousand people; Koryaks, Chukchis, Itelmens, Russians, Ukrainians; urban population 37%. 5 urban-type settlements. Center - pos. Palana...
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"KORYAKSKY AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT" in books

Autonomous Okrug

From the book Encyclopedia of a Lawyer author author unknown

Autonomous Okrug AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT - a kind of state (regional, administrative, national-territorial) autonomy. Initially, these autonomous units were called national districts in accordance with the decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee dated 10

Koryak National District

From the book Big Soviet Encyclopedia(KO) author TSB

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (XA) of the author TSB

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (YM) of the author TSB

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (CHU) of the author TSB

Evenk Autonomous Okrug

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (EV) of the author TSB

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra

author Yudin Alexander Vasilievich

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra Practical information Tourism in the region Active tourism

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

From the book Siberia. Guide author Yudin Alexander Vasilievich

Evenk Autonomous Okrug

From the book Siberia. Guide author Yudin Alexander Vasilievich

Taimyr Autonomous Okrug

From the book Siberia. Guide author Yudin Alexander Vasilievich

From the book Siberia. Guide author Yudin Alexander Vasilievich

Ust-Orda Autonomous Okrug

From the author's book

Ust-Orda Autonomous Okrug Practical information Tourism in the region Cognitive tourism There are 305 archeological monuments on the territory of the Okrug, among them multi-layer sites different eras, burial grounds, settlements, petroglyphs, medieval irrigation

Evenk Autonomous Okrug

author Yudin Alexander Vasilievich

Evenk Autonomous Okrug Practical information Tourism in the region Active tourism The unique nature of Evenkia attracts tourists and lovers of harsh northern exoticism. Travelers from all over the world strive to visit the Putorana Plateau - in a completely wild land

Taimyr Autonomous Okrug

From book Krasnoyarsk region(including Taimyr and Evenki Autonomous Okrugs) author Yudin Alexander Vasilievich

Taimyr Autonomous Okrug Practical information Tourism in the region Active tourism If there is a place for real active tourism, it is in Taimyr. Here everything attracts and attracts. First of all, these are the Byrranga mountains, and especially their northeastern

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

From the book Tyumen Region, Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs author Yudin Alexander Vasilievich

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Practical information Tourism in the region Organized tourism has appeared here recently. Yamal is visited in order to get acquainted with unique nature of the North and the life of the indigenous population, to hunt and fish on the rivers Ob, Taz,

Peoples of the Kamchatka Peninsula

The Koryaks, Itelmens and Evens should be attributed to the indigenous peoples who have settled on the Kamchatka Peninsula since ancient times.
The Koryaks, Itelmens and Evens should be attributed to the indigenous peoples who have settled on the Kamchatka Peninsula since ancient times. To date, according to the State Committee of the Russian Federation on Statistics (2002) in countryside Kamchatka region and the Koryak Autonomous Okrug, 5506 Koryaks, 1592 Evens and 1115 Itelmens live.

Koryaks. According to their economic features and way of life, the Koryaks are divided into two large local groups of relatively homogeneous nomadic reindeer herders - the Chavchuvens and the settled Koryaks-Nymylans. Nomadic Koryaks settled in the inner regions of Kamchatka and the adjacent mainland, settled (coastal) - on the eastern and western coasts of Kamchatka, in the Penzhina Bay and the Taigonos Peninsula.
The settled economy combined hunting, fishing, hunting and gathering. The hunting season, which was individual in spring and collective in autumn, began in late May - early June and lasted until October. During the hunt, leather canoes made of bearded seal skins and single-seat canoes-kayaks were used. Later, by the end of the 19th century, as a result of a decrease in the number of whales and walruses, more important role fishing began to play. Used constipation, nets, fishing rods and hooks on a long belt, reminiscent of a harpoon.

Nomadic Koryaks (Chavchuvens) were characterized by large-herd reindeer herding with a herd of 400 to 2000 heads. During the year, reindeer herders made four main uprootings: in the spring before calving, on moss pastures, in summer to places where there were fewer midges, in autumn - closer to the camps. Where there was a massive slaughter of deer, and in winter - short migrations near the camps.

The winter and summer dwellings of the nomadic Koryaks were a portable yaranga (yayana) - a cylindrical-conical dwelling, the basis of which was three poles from three and a half to five meters high, set in the form of a tripod and tied at the top with a belt. On the skeleton of the yaranga, a tire was pulled, sewn from sheared or worn deer skins with fur outward.
The predominant type of dwelling among the settled Koryaks was a semi-dugout (lymgyyan) up to 15 meters long, up to 12 meters wide and up to 7 meters high.

Itelmens. The name itself is itenmen, which means “Living. The one who is, who exists." In the XVIII - early XIX centuries. Itelmens were divided into a number of large local subdivisions with their own self-name and cultural features: Kamchatka, Avacha, Bolsheretskaya, Western, Khayryuzovsky. In the first half of the 19th century, while maintaining the territory, the number of Itelmen settlements decreased. From the second half of the 19th century, they settled mainly on the western coast of Kamchatka. In Russian documents from the 19th century they are known as Kamchadals. Anthropologically, the Itelmens, like the Koryaks, are included in the mainland group of populations of the Arctic small race of northern Mongoloids.
The main occupations were - draft dog breeding, highly developed gathering, the predominance of fishing over other species. economic activity. The Itelmen settlement consisted of one or two semi-dugouts, which in Itelmen were called kists, i.e. house. For summer housing, the so-called booth or mem was built. The summer dwelling was placed on piles, three rows up to 3 m high; on this basis, a flooring was made, and on it a gable hipped roof was erected, which was covered with grass. These buildings were full complex housing. The heroes of fairy tales, settling down, built themselves kist and mem. Not knowing metal, the Itelmens were able to make boats from a whole poplar trunk using stone adzes - bats, outwardly resembling an Indian pirogue. Because of their small numbers, the Itelmens do not have their own autonomy. They live mainly in the Koryak Autonomous Okrug. At present, the majority of Itelmens live in the villages of Kovran, Tigil, Palana and Khairyuzovo.

Evens. (self-name), obsolete. Russian - Lamuts ("seaside residents"). In the past, there were two large ethnographic groups of Evens: reindeer herders and sedentary "foot Tungus" (the latter were already completely assimilated in the 20s. They live in local groups in Yakutia, Magadan and Kamchatka regions, Chukotka and Koryaksky autonomous regions and Khabarovsk Territory). :beach



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