Altai rivers. Presentation on the topic "Rivers and lakes of the Altai Territory." Rivers in Gorny Altai

Hello, dear friends! I suggest you put aside your affairs for a while, take a break from your worries for a while and read interesting story Oksana Belousova about rivers and lakes of Altai . Looking at Oksana’s photographs, you will be able to mentally move to Altai and admire this magical land, and she perfectly conveys all her emotions.

There are many rivers (more than 20 thousand), streams and lakes in Altai, there are reservoirs of natural and artificial channels. I will share with you photographs of reservoirs that I myself saw. And how much I still have to see!

Rivers of Altai

Rivers of Altai - collage

Rivers in the Altai Territory

In the Altai Territory there are unusual and even some funny names rivers:

• Aichenok,
• Badger, Wolf, Otter, Hare, Hare, Goose, Crane,
• Besstanka,
• Big Chesnokovka,
• Big Sibiryachenok,
• Thunderbolt,
• Dirty, Zamarayka,
• Dugout,
• Zelenka.

The names are easy to remember and then you can show off your knowledge in geography lessons or in the game “Cities, Rivers”. This was my favorite game at school.

Rivers in Gorny Altai

There are also many beautiful ones in Gorny Altai, unusual names rivers:

• Akkem (White water),
• Aktru (Stop), Taldura (Willow Station), Argut (place where the snow leopard lives),
• Swan,
• Chulcha (Stream),
• Biya, Multa (there are 42 lakes in the Multa basin!), Katun, Kumir, Kucherla, Oroktay, Peschanaya, Pyzha, Tekelyu, Charysh, Chulyshman, Chuya, Shinok.

There are three rivers in our city of Biysk - Biya, Ob, Katun. And close to the city are Chemrovka and Chugunayka.

Biya River in Gorny Altai

A pontoon bridge has been installed on the Biya River. The bridge is very helpful. After all, get to the right place- it turns out faster.

Artificial reservoirs - sand pits, reservoirs, culverts. All this is also available in Biysk.

Biya River in Gorny Altai - collage

And here is a photo rich in minerals. This spring is located in Kyzyl-Ozek.

Lakes of the Altai Territory

The most interesting names lakes in the Altai region:

• White,
• Gorky,
• Mirror,
• Raspberry (the color of the lake is crimson due to crimson crustaceans),
• Manzherok
• Mokhovoe,
• Dead
• Teletskoye
• Khomutinoye,
• Chernokurynskoe.

In the Altai Territory, most lakes have salty water; many lakes are famous for their healing water.

I have only been to Lake Aya and Manzherok.

Lake Manzherok in Altai

Many people have heard of Manzherok, thanks to Edita Piekha’s song “Manzherok.” She sings about our lake - fabulous, in water lilies. Trees and flowers grow along the shores of the lake. There are always a lot of people on the beach. A local landmark is the white camel. Takes kids for rides.

In the village of Manzherok there is cable car to Mount Malaya Sinyukha - in the form of a lift with chairs. I went up there once. The spectacle is magnificent!

Lake Manzherok in Altai - collage

Lake Aya in Altai

I visit Lake Aya every year. There is such a wonderful forest there! Birch trees stand inclined towards the water. In some places rocky shores. You can climb on them and look down on the lake.

Lake Aya in Altai - collage 1

Cozy gazebos on the lake shore, boats, catamarans, slides in the water park.

And also a bungee jump! Once I was at the lake with my daughter. She said that she would go into the forest. She left and after a while I heard her voice - throughout the whole lake. And she is already flying on a bungee over the lake, and screams both from the joy of flight and from fear. I got an adrenaline rush at the age of 18. I remember how her eyes lit up after landing. The extreme sports enthusiast was so delighted.

You swim, sunbathe, the air is clean, fragrant, the gentle sun warms you and you don’t want to leave. I would have stayed there so as not to return to the hustle and bustle of the city, where the whole air smelled of gasoline.

The artist G. I. Choros-Gurkin was amazingly able to convey the beauty of Altai:

“...Altai is not just mountains, forests, rivers, waterfalls, but a living spirit, a generous, rich giant - a giant. It is fabulously beautiful with its multi-colored clothing of forests, flowers, and herbs. Fogs - his transparent thoughts - run in all directions of the world. The lakes are his eyes looking into the Universe. Waterfalls and rivers - his speech and songs about life, about the beauty of the earth, mountains...”

beauty rivers and lakes of Altai - unsurpassed! And it’s wonderful that we, living in these beautiful, fabulous places, we can enjoy, admire, admire it all at any time natural wealth! I can sing about the beauty of Altai for a long time. But it's time to say goodbye. And you should return to your business. I hope your soul warms and your mood improves? All the best! And let the sunny summer be remembered! With warmth, Oksana Belousova .

Altai region

Officially. Altai Territory is located in the southeast Western Siberia, 3419 km from Moscow. Territory 168,000 square km.

Informally. The Altai region is very large and diverse. The topography changes as you move through the area. He seems to be a growing bear, at first quiet and calm, then huge and majestic. This is how steppes and plains grow into foothills and mountains.

Officially. The climate is temperate continental, formed as a result of frequent changes in air masses.

Unofficially. The four seasons have many variations, and come back each year to see a different perspective. You can come in the hot summer, or you can come in the cool and rainy weather. Give me variety! - this is the main rule of Altai weather.

Summer and Altai Mountains

Officially: Altai Mountains are very complex system the highest ridges in Siberia, which are separated by deep valleys mountain rivers and vast basins located inside the mountains.

Informally: The nature of Altai is amazing. Tourists from all over the globe rush to these places to enjoy the beautiful views of high mountains, mountain rivers, mysterious caves and deserted spaces. Immerse yourself in the tranquility and beauty of these places.

Check-in Altai Territory began
in the 18th century

Young Russia needed metal to produce weapons and coins. The Ural factory owner Akinfiy Demidov founded the first metallurgical plant in 1729 - Kolyvano-Voskresensky. The depths of Altai were also rich in silver. In 1744, Demidov began producing silver. The result of Akinfiy Demidov’s activities in the Altai region was the establishment of a feudal mining industry based on the serf labor of assigned peasants and artisans.

Event tourism in the Altai region

Creation and development of bright, interesting events in business, cultural, sports life The Altai Territory has become the basis for the development of event tourism in the region. The region annually hosts more than a dozen festivals, forums, and celebrations that can attract thousands of tourists from different regions Russia and from abroad. These are the International Tourism Forum “VISIT ALTAI”, the festival “Blossoming of the Maralnik”, the drinks festival “Altaifest”, the Day of Russia at the “Turquoise Katun”, the festival “Shukshin Days in Altai”, the International Youth Forum of the Asia-Pacific Region, the SCO Forum, the Siberian International Forum on Health And medical tourism, the Altai Winter holiday and many others.

beauty and health

Officially. The useful flora of the region has 1184 plant species. The most large group drugs, including about 100 types widely used in official medicine.

Informally. Decoction, herbal teas, berry fruit drinks are something that everyone who comes to the Altai Territory should try. Spas, health and wellness centers use products made from Altai herbs.

The Mashey River 94 kilometers from the mouth, along the bank on the left side, flows into the Chuya River. The river begins at the slope of the Maashey-Bash mountains; at the source of the river there is a glacier with the same name.

According to statistics from the Russian state water register, the Mashey River is part of the Verkhneobsky basin district. It is a water management section of the Katun River and a river sub-basin of the Biya and Katun rivers. It was also the river basin of the Upper Ob River, before it flowed into the Irtysh River.

The river exalts a very picturesque and fresh view Altai mountains. The water is clean and clear, and the banks are bordered by small bushes.

Black Iyus River

Black Iyus is a mountain river located in the north of Khakassia. It flows through the territories of Ordzhonikidze and Shirinsky districts. The river merges with the Bely Iyus, forming the Chulym River, the right tributary of the Ob.

Inzhul is the left tributary of the Black Iyus.

The length of the river is 178 kilometers, the spillway area is 4,290 square kilometers. Its source is a karst lake, which is located in the eastern part of the Bely Golets mountain Kuznetsk Alatau. The mouth is the Chulym River. The source has a height of 1340 meters, the mouth is approximately 380 meters.

The basin is 5% swampy, forest cover occupies 75% of the territory. IN annual progress water regime We can distinguish spring flood, summer-autumn and winter low water. Rain floods repeatedly interrupt the summer-autumn low-water period. The total flow of the summer-autumn period is 80-85%. In winter, ice dams appear with water leaking onto the ice.

The river water has hydrocarbonate chemical composition. Over the course of a year, its flow rate averages 43.1 meters per second.

Chemal River

The length of the Chemal River reaches 54 kilometers. Covers a decent part of the Altai Territory. Settlements There is a lot of Chemal on the way. The largest village has exactly the same name as the river. There it connects with the small river Kuba, from where, seven kilometers later, it flows into the Katun.

By the way, the name “Chemal” itself is translated from Altai as “anthill”. This name appeared because of the goats and sheep that grazed in this area more than a hundred years ago. From above they looked like ants swarming in the grass.

In some places Chemal is quiet and calm, pleasing the eye with its calm, in others it bubbles and foams. In the area where there was a strong flow, the Chemal hydroelectric power station was built in 1935.

In addition, the Chemal region is famous for the cleanliness of its air. Therefore, there are a huge number of tourist centers and campsites along the banks of the river. There are even two sanatoriums: one just for children, and the second for children with tuberculosis diseases.

Altai is characterized big amount rec. Their total number is about 20 thousand. If you combine all the rivers of Altai into one, then its length will be enough to go around Earth along the equator one and a half times. Since the Altai region is characterized by a diverse landscape (there are mountains, valleys and lowlands), the rivers also differ in the nature of their flow. These are both stormy mountain streams and calm, slow currents.

The distribution of rivers and lakes in these places is determined by the nature of the terrain and climate. So, water system For these reasons, the edge is divided into two parts:
The rivers of the mountain range mainly belong to the Upper Ob basin. This is the Altai mountain range, its foothills, the entire Right Bank. Here the Ob River collects the bulk of its water. Its tributaries, both on the left and on the right, are about 2000 rivers, the length of each is up to 10 km, their density is 1.5 - 2 km;
Plain streams belong to the drainless Kulunda depression. These are calm rivers, in the beds of which many freshwater lakes are formed. The Kulunda depression is also distinguished by the presence of salty and bitter-salty lakes.

Nutrition of Altai rivers
The Ob River is considered the main water-bearing artery of this region. It is formed after the merger of Biya and Katun. It flows first through mountainous areas, where it is fed by numerous tributaries. In the valley, the nature of its flow changes and it resembles a deep, calm stream. Here its main tributaries are the Chumysh, Alei, Bolshaya Rechka, Barnaulka, which are characterized by wide valleys and sandy reaches.
The rivers of the mountainous part have glacial, snow and partly rain. Ground nutrition is poorly expressed. It is typical only for lowland rivers.

Since the Altai region differs in tectonic structure, the nature of the river flows here is also diverse. Mountain arteries are turbulent, rapid streams of water, with rapids and steep banks. The presence of tectonic ledges causes a large number of waterfalls (waterfalls on the slopes of the Belukha massif, on the northern slope along Tekel, on Tigirek). The most picturesque waterfall is considered to be Rossypnoy, 30 m high, which is located on the southern slope of Belukha, in the upper reaches of the Katun.
Plain rivers are characterized by wide valleys, calm flow, a large number of floodplains and above-floodplain terraces.

Regime of Altai rivers
The flow regime of Altai rivers largely depends on climatic conditions. Since their main diet is melt water, spring floods are typical for the Altai rivers. It lasts 10-12 days in the mountain range, and much longer on the plain. After it, the rivers become sharply shallow.

The freezing of rivers in the valley begins in October-November and lasts about 170 days. Ice drift begins in mid-April. Many rivers, especially shallow ones, freeze to the bottom. But on some (rivers Biya, Katun, Charysh, Peschanaya) the flow of water continues and in some places the water comes to the surface, forming glaciers. Rivers with fast current— Katun, Biya, Bashkaus, Chuya are partially frozen. On sharp turns and descents, cascading ice forms here, and hanging ice on the waterfalls, which are distinguished by their extraordinary beauty.

The Ob is the main aquifer artery of the Altai Territory and has a mixed supply (snow (49%) with a noticeable share of rain (27%)). The basin area is 3 million m², length – 453 km. Flood on the river lasts about 120 days, observed mainly in spring and partly in autumn, the water level rises by 1-8 m. The river flows into the Ob Reservoir.
Biya is the second largest river here. The Biya begins from Lake Teletskoye, but its own sources are located far in the southeast, where Bashkaus and Chulyshman begin in the spurs of the Chikhachev ridge. Its major tributaries are the Lebed, Sarykoksha, Pyzha, and Nenya rivers. The length of the river is 300 km.

Rivers of the Altai Territory

Ob
Main river Altai Territory is Ob, formed from the confluence of two rivers - Biya and Katun. At a distance of 500 kilometers, the wide ribbon of the Ob crosses the Altai Territory, forming two giant bends. In its length (3680 km) it is second in Russia only to the Lena (4264 km) and Amur (4354 km), and in terms of the area of ​​the Ob basin it is the largest large river our country, second only to five rivers on the planet: the Amazon, Congo, Mississippi, Nile and La Plata.

Ob and its tributaries Chumysh, Anuy, Aley, Big river, Barnaulka and others have a calm flow, wide developed valleys, in which strongly winding channels with sandy reaches adjoin.

Barnaulka River - tributary of the Ob River

The bottom of the Ob is sandy over a large area. Sometimes you come across rocky rifts and shoals, there are especially many of them in the section of the river between Biysk and Barnaul. During floods, the water level in the Ob is high; water floods the right low bank for several kilometers.

Name great river The Ob owes its origin not to the peoples who have lived on its banks from time immemorial. The Nenets living in the lower reaches of the river called it “Sala-yam”, which means “Cape River”. The Khanty and Mansi gave it the name “As” - “ big river“, the Selkups called the river “Kvay”, “Eme”, “Kuay”. All these names meant “large river.” The Russians first saw the river in its lower reaches when, together with their Zyryan guides, they went beyond the Kamen (as they called it then Ural Mountains) hunters and merchants. Long before Ermak’s conquest of Siberia, the region around the Ob was called Obdorsky.

There is a version that the name of the great Siberian river comes from the Komi language, which meant “snow”, “snowdrift”, “place near the snow”.

There is also an assumption that the name is related to the Iranian word “ob” - “water”. And such a name deep river could well have been given by the peoples of the Iranian-speaking group who lived in the south of Western Siberia during the period from the Early Bronze Age to the Middle Ages.

Biya

The Biya is the second largest river in Altai. It originates in Lake Teletskoye. Its length is 280 kilometers. In the upper part of the river there are rapids, waterfalls, and riffles. Merging with Katun, Biya gives rise to the Ob.

The name Biya is associated with the Altai words “biy”, “beg”, “bii” - “lord”.

Katun

The Katun flows from the Gebler glacier at an altitude of about 2000 meters on the southern slope of the high mountain Altai - Belukha. In the upper and middle reaches the river has a mountainous character, especially in summer time when snow and glaciers are rapidly melting. In the lower reaches it acquires a flat character, spreading below the village. The Maima has channels and channels, and flows along an inclined plain to the north until it merges with the Biya.

The water in the Katun is cold, its temperature in summer rarely rises above 15 C. The river is fed mainly by the melting of snow and ice from glaciers. The length of the river is 665 kilometers, and there are about 7,000 waterfalls and rapids in its basin.

Aley

Alei is the largest tributary of the Ob on the flat part of the region. In length (755 km) it exceeds Katun and Biya, but is inferior to them in terms of water content. Alei originates in the low mountains of northwestern Altai. This is a river with a mixed type of feeding (snow and rain), the spring flood reaches its maximum in April. Alei is characterized by large loop-shaped bends; in the lower reaches the river has broad clay soil.

Chumysh

Chumysh is the right tributary of the Ob. The river originates in Salair, from the confluence of two rivers: Tom-Chumysh and Kara-Chumysh. Although the river is twice as long as the Biya (644 km), the Chumysh is a relatively low-water river. In many places its valley is swampy and covered mixed forest. The share of snow supply makes up more than half of the runoff for the year, and the maximum flood in Chumysh is in April.

Lakes of Altai

The Altai lakes are picturesque. There are thousands of them in the region, and they are located throughout the territory.

Most of the lakes are located in the Kulunda Lowland and on the Priob Plateau. It’s not for nothing that Altai is called the land of blue lakes. Small mountain and steppe lakes give natural landscapes unique charm and uniqueness.

The most big lake bitter-salty lake in the Altai region Kulundinskoe(area 600 sq. km, length - 35 and width 25 km). It is shallow, ( maximum depth- 4 m), fed by the waters of the Kulunda River and groundwater. South of Kulundinsky there is the second largest lake - Kuchukskoe(area 180 sq. km). It is completely similar in regime and nutrition to Kulundinsky and was previously connected to it by a channel.

Kulunda the lakes are all remnants ancient sea, which existed many millions of years ago on the site of the present plains. Many of these lakes have long been famous for their mineral waters, having healing properties, and healing clays and dirt. Gorkoe-Isthmus, Raspberry- are places of pilgrimage for residents of the region and numerous guests. On the salty Bolshoi Yarov There has been a medical and health complex on the lake for many years. Salty water, abundance of steppe sun, picturesque Pinery The shores of such lakes create unique conditions for recreation.

There is a lot of fish in the fresh flowing lakes, and waterfowl in the reed thickets along the banks.

The lakes of the mountainous part of the Altai Territory are very picturesque. They are located in the hollows of ancient drainage, on the site of old channels of long-vanished mountain rivers that arose when an ancient glacier melted.

Between the Biya and Chumysh rivers there are small and shallow freshwater lakes. There are lakes on the floodplains of lowland rivers, and in ancient and modern river valleys there are small elongated lakes - oxbow lakes.

The Altai region is also rich in mineral springs. What makes it particularly famous for this are radon sources, which have been used since time immemorial. local population V medicinal purposes. Both in our country and abroad, the famous radon waters of Belokurikha are famous, where numerous resorts and health resorts have been built. The presence of radon waters was noted in the valleys of the Kalmanka and Berezovaya rivers.

Waterfalls are also common in Altai, like a waterfall on a river Shinok, not far from Denisova Cave, about 70 meters high, until recently it was known only to local residents. Now many people dream of visiting here. Currently, there are eight waterfalls and one waterfall on the Shinok River. In 2000, the Cascade of Waterfalls on the Shinok River reserve acquired the status of a natural monument.