Essay based on the text by D. Likhachev. Based on the text by Likhachev Have you noticed how big an impression they make (Unified State Examination in Russian)
Essay on the Unified State Examination according to the text:“Have you noticed how great an impression is made by those works of literature that are read in a calm, leisurely and unhurried environment, for example on vacation...”(according to D.S. Likhachev).
(I.P. Tsybulko, 7th option, task 25)
Full text
A book is an object without which a person cannot exist for many years. What place does a book occupy in people's lives? How to choose the right books to read? Russian philologist, art critic D.S. Likhachev invites us to reflect on the problem correct reading. He writes that books and reading can become a way of life for every person, you just have to choose the right book, because it serves as “a guide to other eras and to other peoples.” Literature has great value in people's lives, it gives us “a colossal, vast and profound experience of life.”
The author's position is clearly visible throughout the entire article. Likhachev encourages us to read books meaningfully, thoughtfully, “delving into every little detail,” because it is in the little things that the most interesting and mysterious lies. The author believes that the most important is classic literature, but he does not reject modern literature, because only she can answer many questions of our time.
I love to read and therefore fully support Likhachev’s point of view: literature develops in us “a sense of beauty and an understanding of life.” There is no greater happiness for me than to take good book and immerse yourself in the world of heroes.
Every person, I think, has his own favorite writer or poet. I like the works of M.Yu. most of all. Lermontov, especially his poem “Mtsyri”. When my soul is heavy, this is the work I turn to. I admire the fortitude of this hero, his thirst for will and freedom. Despite the fact that Mtsyri for a long time spent in captivity, and then in service in a monastery, far from home, he still dreamed of his native village. The blood of his fathers called him to his homeland. Three days of freedom - it was worth living for.
I spent unforgettable minutes with Kuprin’s story “ Garnet bracelet" It is impossible to find such an attitude towards a woman, such love as Zheltkov’s. I admire this man. Not everyone is capable of showing such sincere feeling.
How more books I read, the more often I find “my” books, the more I understand Likhachev’s words “... there are many books without which you cannot live.”
(285 words, not including quote)
LOVE READING!
Every person is obliged (I emphasize – obliged) to take care of his intellectual development. This is his responsibility to the society in which he lives and to himself.
The main (but, of course, not the only) way to intellectual development– reading.
Reading should not be random. This is a huge waste of time, and time is the greatest value that cannot be wasted on trifles. You should read according to the program, of course, without strictly following it, deviating from it where additional interests for the reader appear. However, with all deviations from the original program, it is necessary to draw up a new one for yourself, taking into account the new interests that have arisen.
Reading, in order to be effective, must interest the reader. An interest in reading in general or in certain areas of culture must be developed in oneself. Interest can be largely the result of self-education.
Creating reading programs for yourself is not so easy, and this should be done in consultation with knowledgeable people, with existing reference guides of various types.
The danger of reading is the development (conscious or unconscious) of a tendency to “diagonally” view texts or to various types speed reading methods.
“Speed reading” creates the appearance of knowledge. It can be allowed only in certain types of professions, being careful not to create the habit of speed reading - it leads to attention disorder.
Have you noticed how great an impression is made by those works of literature that are read in a calm, leisurely and unhurried environment, for example, on vacation or during some not very complex and non-distracting illness?
“Disinterested” but interesting reading is what makes you love literature and what broadens a person’s horizons.
Why is TV now partially replacing books? Yes, because TV forces you to slowly watch some program, sit comfortably so that nothing disturbs you, it distracts you from your worries, it dictates to you how to watch and what to watch. But try to choose a book to your liking, take a break from everything in the world for a while, sit comfortably with a book, and you will understand that there are many books that you cannot live without, which are more important and more interesting than many programs. I'm not saying stop watching TV. But I say: look with choice. Spend your time on things that are worth spending. Read more and read with greater choice. Determine your choice yourself, depending on the role your chosen book has acquired in the history of human culture in order to become a classic. This means that there is something significant in it. Or maybe this essential for the culture of mankind will be essential for you too?
A classic is one that has stood the test of time. With him you won't waste your time. But the classics cannot answer all questions today. Therefore, it is necessary to read modern literature. Don't just jump at every trendy book. Don't be fussy. Vanity makes a person recklessly spend the largest and most precious capital he has - his time.
Remember what Pushkin wrote from Chisinau to his brother and sister Olga on July 31, 1822: “Reading is the best teaching.” Look in the “Dictionary of the Pushkin Language” (Moscow, 1957) for the words “book” and “reading”. How much Pushkin writes about reading, about the communication of his favorite characters with books.
LETTER TWENTY-THREE
ABOUT PERSONAL LIBRARIES
They may say that books are not given to those who need them. Sometimes they serve as decoration; purchased because of beautiful bindings, etc. But this is not so scary. A book will always find someone who needs it. For example, a person buys a book and decorates his dining room with them. But he may have a son and nephews. We remember how people began to become interested in literature - through the libraries that they found with their father or with their relatives. So the book will find its reader someday. It can be sold, and this is also not bad, there will be some kind of stock of books, then it will again find its reader.
As for a personal library, I think this issue must be approached very responsibly. Not only because a personal library is considered business card owner, but because it sometimes becomes a prestigious moment. If a person buys books only for prestige, then he is doing it in vain. In the first conversation he will give himself away. It will become clear that he himself did not read the books, and if he did, he did not understand.
You don’t need to make your library too big; you don’t need to fill it with “one-time reading” books. Such books should be taken from the library. At home there should be books of repeated reading, classics (and favorite ones at that), and most of all reference books, dictionaries, bibliographies. They can sometimes replace an entire library. Be sure to keep a bibliography in your specialty and on the cards of this bibliography, note what in this book seems important and necessary to you.
I repeat. If you need a book for one-time reading, you should not purchase it. And the art of compiling personal libraries is to refrain from acquiring such books.
LETTER TWENTY-FOUR
LET'S BE HAPPY
(Response to a student’s letter)
Dear Seryozha! You are absolutely right in loving old buildings, old things - everything that accompanied a person in the past and accompanies him in his present life. All this not only entered into the consciousness of man, but itself, as it were, received something from people. It would seem that things are material, but they have become part of our spiritual culture, merged with our inner world, which could conventionally be called our “soul”. After all, we say “with all my heart,” or “I need this for my soul,” or “made with soul.” That's how! Everything that is done with the soul comes from the soul, we need it for the soul - this is “spiritual culture”. How more people surrounded by this spiritual culture, immersed in it, the happier he is, the more interesting it is for him to live, life acquires meaning for him. But in a purely formal attitude to work, to teaching, to comrades and acquaintances, to music, to art, there is no such “spiritual culture.” This is “lack of spirituality” - the life of a mechanism that does not feel anything, is unable to love, sacrifice itself, or have moral and aesthetic ideals.
Let's be happy people, that is, those who have attachments, who deeply and seriously love something significant, who know how to sacrifice themselves for the sake of their favorite business and loved ones. People who do not have all this are unhappy, living a boring life, dissolving themselves in empty acquisitions or petty, base, “perishable” pleasures.
Quoted from:
D.S. Likhachev. Letters about good. SPb.: “Russian-Baltic information Center BLITZ", 1999.
The famous Russian academician D.S. Likhachev, in one of his “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful,” discusses the importance of instilling a love of reading. The author convinces the younger generation of the benefits of literature, which makes people wise, “gives... the most extensive and profound experience of life.”
The scientist believes that one should not look for selfish motives in reading. It should not be done for the sake of high grades or fashion trends.
How does interest in reading arise, how does a love for books arise? In Likhachev's letter you can find answers to these questions. From personal experience the author recalls that true love He was introduced to books by a literature teacher who knew how to “read and explain what he read.” He and the schoolchildren “laughed, admired, and were amazed at the writer’s art.”
Your position on the issue
There is no doubt that the teacher is assigned important role in cultivating interest in literature.
I was also lucky to have a teacher who unobtrusively and engagingly introduces the class to the works of writers. Works from school curriculum I want to read not only for the sake of academic performance, because a talented teacher knows how to intrigue, leave a little unfinished, so that the students have a desire to deeply familiarize themselves with the content and form their own opinion about the plot.
The academician notes the importance of favorite works for a person. That's right, because exciting reading begins with interesting books, which you want to re-read, delving into every detail.
Arguments from literature
In the 6th grade, Ekaterina Ivanovna told us about N.V. Gogol’s collection “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka.” At first, the plots of some of the stories seemed creepy, but still interested me. Now the creator of “mystical” stories has become my favorite author. I often return to his “The Inspector General”, “Petersburg Tales”, “Taras Bulba”, “ Dead souls" You can re-read them endlessly, enjoying the subtlety of humor and the sharpness of Gogol’s language.
The scientist Likhachev also mentions the role of the family in developing the habit of reading. Parents' respect for books is passed on to their children. Recommendations from elders help you choose useful and worthy literature. The final choice, of course, will remain with the reader himself, but at first he should still be guided.
Classical literature has been tested by time, therefore “... there is something significant in it.” Indeed, the works of the classics provide answers to any moral questions, enrich the spiritual and lexicon. It seems to me that it is books like these that make the reader wise.
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Essay based on the text:
Replacement of books by television and cinema. It is this problem that the Soviet and Russian philologist, art critic, screenwriter, academician talks about Russian Academy Sciences - Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev.
Before us is D. S. Likhachev’s reasoning about why television is now partially replacing books. The author gives various arguments and comes to the conclusion that this is due to the fact that we watch TV without distraction, with interest.
Thus, the author’s position is as follows: TV replaces books because it distracts a person from worries and does not require any physical effort from him: it is enough to sit comfortably so that nothing interferes and watch what you like.
Well, I'm very familiar this situation, and I believe that Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev is absolutely right. After all, the main thing is not just to read, you need to read with interest, and after making sure that nothing distracts you, you can calmly immerse yourself in another world. The heroine of A. S. Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" Tatyana Larina loved to read on the balcony, without being distracted by minor problems. And so she enjoyed reading.
Based on statistics on the Internet, we can notice that the number of people visiting the Internet is increasing every day.
Based on my own reasoning and that of the author, I came to the conclusion: if a person wants an activity to give him pleasure, then it is necessary to create conditions so that nothing distracts from the activity.
Text by D. S. Likhachev:
For many people, reading books is what gives us a rich, expansive and profound experience of life. Many people think that if they read a book just to report to someone, it will bring as much benefit as deep, “unselfish” reading. Is it so? Why should books be read with interest?In the text by D.S. Likhachev raises the problem of interest in reading.
The author reveals this problem by discussing how he came to understand what “disinterested” reading is. The author tells us a story from his school childhood. D.S. Likhachev says that he taught him “disinterested” reading school teacher. He remembers how Leonid Vladimirovich knew how to read and interest. The author emphasizes that they did it at ease, which is why these books sank into their hearts: “I still love what I listened to then as a child.” The guys simply loved to listen and therefore they went into every detail of the content of the book.
The author discusses this problem by comparing a book with a TV. D.S. Likhachev gives his commentary on the question of why television partially displaces books. Having realized that if you read a book, like a television program, “slowly, delving into the details,” then the book can become even more interesting than some television programs.
IN literary works there are many examples that support my point. For example, in Yuri Yakovlev’s story “Girls from Vasilievsky Island” we see Tanya Savicheva’s friend holding her diary in her hands. Valya Zaitseva needed to rewrite the contents of Tanya’s diary on concrete slabs. The girl read every word and imagined what was happening to Tanya. It was hard for Valya Zaitseva to write this, because she read it carefully and the real picture of what was happening to Tanya was revealed to her. So, we see that only careful, “disinterested” reading reveals the real picture of what is happening.
Another example that proves my point could be the heroine of the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". Tatyana Larina, when she read books, imagined herself as the heroine of these books. She read books carefully and “disinterestedly”, she simply loved it. She went into detail so she could see the true picture of the work.
Thus, I was again convinced that you need to read the book with interest. Attentively and naturally, going into every detail of what is happening. Only then can you see the true thoughts of what the author wanted to convey. Only then will the book give us a vast and profound experience of life.