What is the secret of the human soul. The soul of a person after death. The secret of the soul and its transformations. Depression and acceptance of death

What results can be expected from a heart-to-heart talk? What secrets and secrets do you carry in your soul or secrets your souls. What a relief it brings from mysteries and secrets.

Secrets of your soul.

Secrets of the soul is not the content of secret files or films about the mysterious. It's about about the secrets you carry in your .

Family secrets, secret messages, "secrets" from childhood, unsaid - all this burdens your soul,. Maybe it's time to break free? The Psychologist of Happiness.

In our language there is such an expression as "remove a stone from the soul", often such a stone is the secrets of our soul or what we hide from others for fear of losing their respect and losing their approval and love.

Write in the comments, do you have similar “stones” - secrets in your soul that weigh on you?

A heart-to-heart talk relieves stress.

You probably remember what happens in your soul when you speak the truth.

What happens when you tell the truth?

You feel relief, all over your body. After all, along with an unspoken secret, you often keep your feelings about this a secret.

All these secrets cause extraordinary tension in the body. When you open your soul and begin to speak, express emotions, the tension leaves the body.

What should not be saved in the soul?

At any life sphere- these are, first of all, grievances, unsatisfied needs underlying these grievances, and judgments (assessments).

Whenever you get angry with someone, ask yourself, what do I want and don't get from that person?

And then talk yourself into asking him about it.

Workshop. Here is what I would like to say...

I offer a cleansing and healing procedure for your soul.

1) What secret do you carry in your heart?

Think for a moment and quickly write on the sheet all the secrets, all the unspoken, all hidden behind the seven locks in the depths of your soul.

Here are some secrets from my Clients:

• I got it in my final exams.

• At the age of fourteen, I stole a penknife from the market.

• I'm afraid to confess my feelings to my neighbor.

• I want to be given a phone.

• I'm still mad at my school neighbor.

• I no longer have the strength to hide my relationship with my father.

2) To whom is your secret addressed?

Now think about who your secret message is addressed to, which can't wait to become a reality?

Who is this man? Or a group of people?

Imagine him or her in your imagination. What feelings do you have for the recipient? What would you like to say? About what to pour out your soul?

3) Here's what I would like to say...

Begin to reveal your secret to the light, with the words: "That's what I would like to say...".

Express your pain, anger, fear, or your desires to this imaginary interlocutor.

Tell it like it is. Pour out your soul and remove the stone from your soul.

Cry or scream! Express doubt, regret, or sympathy for yourself or the other person. and others.

All. Now exhale with relief.

4) What gives a heart-to-heart talk?

A similar practice for many of my Clients, in addition to facilitating:

• Brings relief from migraines that have tormented for years.
• Relieves spastic colitis or relieves chronic ulcers.
• Helps to get out of the swamp and realize how beautiful life is.
• cleans up overweight without any diet.

Do you want to check what will happen to your body after relieving the soul from such mysteries and secrets?

Tell us about the opportunity to pour out your soul and relieve stress!

Bolder! On the blog of the psychologist of happiness, the truth is welcome!

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For many, it still remains a mystery. Indeed, it does not lend itself to research in the physical world. Only indirect signs of the state of the soul help us to recreate its image. Other sources, often not of the earthly level, complement this image with new shades. This is how we accumulate knowledge and comprehend the deep roots of the soul.

In this topic, we will slightly open certain aspects of the soul that are associated with technologies for the development of life. We will talk about these technologies and thus expand our knowledge even more, providing a person with a real picture, which is still largely hidden from his eyes.
We proceed from the fact that the soul is intended to create special properties for a living and intelligent organism. In particular, for a spiritually developing person, it brings properties to the consciousness that help him to engage in Higher Creativity at the stage of life in the casual world. Let us dwell on this aspect of the soul, which has not yet been elucidated earlier.

To engage in creativity in general, we already know this, the energy of the mind is necessary for the ultimate saturation of the associative field and its subsequent development and branching in new energy-informational spectra. However, the composition of the energy of the mind is extremely important in the creative process. What is the initial nutritional composition of this energy, associative constructions will be appropriate. They can be tough and require a lot of effort in the creative process, as a rigid associative basis prevents inductive associative interactions. Associations can also be translucent. Such structures expand the range of inductive associative interaction during the period of reflection and are easily amenable to development in creative search. This property we call ingenuity - the most valuable quality of consciousness. It does not require increased energy consumption for development and is easy to "operate".
In order to build a consciousness with given properties, an appropriate nutrient medium is needed. It is created by the person himself in the process of eating. And the components of this environment are introduced into the structure of consciousness by the emotional imposition of radiations that are created by the soul. In other words, the soul brings a qualitative component to the spectrum of the mind's energies and contributes to the development of creative consciousness, if its emotional radiations do not go into the lower spectral range. High emotions contribute to the "softening" of the energy of the mind, increase its fluidity and enhance its penetrating ability. Thus, the soul introduces a qualitative component into the associative structure of consciousness. Consequently, tight control over mental impulses reduces this quality indicator. And constant external pressure on the soul, and there are many such examples - in particular, the aggression of modern media, deprives a person of creative potential. Such pressure enslaves the soul, making a person potentially weak, including intellectually. In this regard, when considering the development of modern man, one should also dig into this question: are they not fulfilling today Media is this task?...

We will not develop this thesis - it is obvious. Our task is to discover the mechanisms spiritual development due to the potential of the soul.
The imposition of the properties of the soul on the structure of consciousness in the process of spiritual development, in fact, is a relay of the body of the soul into the mental spheres of consciousness. This is the main stimulus of the soul in its development and creation of a copy in the mental spheres of consciousness. The same applies to the physical person who builds his shells in the upper spheres, and someone reaches the casual world. Here a spiritual person is born - a symbiosis of soul and consciousness. Only here, in the casual world, the Technologies of growing a spiritual person are being developed. And only here the advantages of the creative development of a person are manifested, when without these abilities he will not be able to realize his plans, although there will be a need for this. And if there is no potential for creativity in him, but he entered the casual world in the process of development, he will not be able to realize the subsequent development here without the creative potential inherent in the physical world from the very beginning. In this sense, all of his development, not only in the physical world, but also subsequent in the Higher spheres up to the casual world, is only preliminary and insufficient for the cognition of the Truth. We also talked about this in various topics. And only in the spheres of the CCR is the accumulation of true knowledge and subsequent training of a person to acquire spiritual properties. developed person. This should be remembered.

When the soul aspires to the lower spheres, its subsequent path will inevitably lead to fiery purification. And in case of loss of its vital functions, it will be disposed of, and a new young soul will take its place - a copy of the former one. Let's look at this side of the issue.
Just as a physical person does not have the same fingerprints, so each soul has its own separate properties. Otherwise, in a resonant connection, they will not be able to influence each other. Therefore, each soul is born with an individual resonant microstructure of the body.
Souls are created in special gene resonators, where the initial resonant matrix changes for each new generated soul. Therefore, the number of newborn souls is limited by the width of the total resonant spectrum of their gene matrices. Accordingly, each soul has an individual passport, where all its fundamental features are inscribed. Souls have names, like the name of a physical person. But their names are not disclosed, otherwise it is possible to directly control the soul, which responds to its name. According to the structure of the initial matrix, souls can be close, just like relatives of a person are close. But kinship souls do not have, there are only resonant connections. The proximity of souls is considered to be a single development of the initial structure of the gene matrix. Accordingly, for new souls a new kind is created in the physical world, in which souls with similar individual characteristics are embodied.
If the soul could not provide itself with the prospect of development and "drowned" in the wilds of the lower spheres, then a new soul is created according to its individual passport without the danger of its connection with the previous one, because after disposal, nothing remains of the former soul. Its original gene matrix completely annihilates.

There are souls for different purposes. If in our BV the soul is assigned the prospect of entering the casual world, then in the Civilizations of other BV there are their own developments, respectively, and their own forms and purposes of souls. They also grow them for their internal needs, in order to manage in the astral world, because there are no other management tools for this. Therefore, they grow souls in order to master the astral spheres. We have the same in BV. But each Civilization has its own requirements. As for our Civilization (the Civilization of our BV), in its development it is closest to the casual world. Accordingly, it has gone through all the previous stages that other Civilizations are going through, while still mastering the astral worlds. As for the interspheral spaces, their souls, intended for our physical world, resemble earthly spiders in their external form. Therefore, the introduction of these individuals into the original soul of a physical person gives him its own separate properties - we already know this. Now, already after many centuries of interspheral "kneading", these spider-souls, introduced into a person, have made their own changes in the gene structure of those whom we call representatives of interspheral spaces. For this reason, not only the gene structure, but also external form their soul is different from the ordinary person of the Earth.
In soul farming, as in any complex manufacturing process, there are variations in quality. However, such souls may turn out to be more resilient, and even having other properties that differ from the standard ones, they may turn out to be more capable of development. These souls are tested to identify their properties, and if necessary, copied again, creating a new branch of souls. As a result physical world also acquires a new kind, the development of which is monitored in the spiritual world.

If the newborn soul has acquired sharply different properties, then rejection does not occur. In the astral world, the properties of the medium are such that, at a critical density, it begins to be structured into a living organism due to the creation of a multitude feedback in the dense astral environment. Therefore, a new living organism with its own properties is generated.
Each person of the Earth in the process of astral radiations - emotional stress, also generates clots of astral energies near him. As they accumulate, they envelop his body with their clots. And if there are a lot of them, they can unite together, transforming into a creature with signs of a living and intelligent organism. If this person continues to accumulate astral radiations, then he burdens not only his own karma, but also the karma of his family. After his departure from physical life, these energy clots, sometimes similar in shape to a person, are resonantly attracted to one of the members of the family, who has a gap (ulcer) on astral body. In this place and on the physical body, a mole is formed - a sign of related inclusion. Through this energy channel, the astral entity itself is fed, which also needs nourishment. As a result, the astral region of the Earth is now heavily polluted. And every person on Earth lives in a sea of ​​energy-information emissions generated by the person himself.

20.04.2007
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Various questions associated with the soul are revealed in different time. For this, as a rule, appropriate prerequisites are necessary. For example, the initial knowledge about the soul is considered only in the aspect of entering into the essence of its structure, and its place in the human body. In the next period, perhaps more full coverage questions related to the soul. Obviously, not everyone can accept what goes beyond their worldview, often built on a religious foundation. Subsequent knowledge of the soul will require removal from religious beliefs, therefore such information is revealed gradually, just as a flower bud reveals its final form only in the final period of its flowering. Next, we will share the knowledge about the soul that has not yet been indicated in our earlier materials, and we will also reveal certain laws from the life of souls, including during the period of incarnation on Earth - in our sphere of Conception. Now we will consider separate periods from the life of the soul and get acquainted with the laws of correspondence of the Development of Higher Organisms associated with these periods. Here are some of the excerpts from the list of issues to be disclosed:

1. Each soul is designed to live in a certain spectral range. This is due to the need to exclude power resonant interactions between souls.
2. The number of souls in one spectral range is limited to 6 - 10 billion.
3. New souls are prepared exclusively in the spectra of departed souls, if the entire range is already filled with them.
The reasons for the departure of souls are as follows:
- death due to lack of potential for further development;
- transition to a different spectral range of life, for example, to the Venusian channel;
- the transition of the soul to the Higher spheres in the process of development, and its integration in the human mind.
4. There are no restrictions on the incarnation of souls on Earth. They inhabit any body.
5. In countries where the cult of dragons rules, the souls of dragons are embodied. The spectral range of these souls is different from the spectral range of the souls of the rest of the population of the Earth. Then they return to their planets and then incarnate again on Earth until they take on the form of a person.
6. The soul of a spiritually developed person merges with his atmic body, if it has reached this range in development. Depending on where this person will live, the issue of the possibility of growing a new soul for incarnation on Earth in the same resonant spectrum (with the same technical data of the passport) as the departed higher worlds. During one Cosmic Cycle the entire spectral range of souls must be used for their final development. Therefore, at the end of the Night of Svarog, the maximum number of souls are embodied on Earth, and at the end of the Summer of Svarog, there are no free spectra left for growing young souls. But about 10% of souls still remain unincarnated due to the fact that they did not have time to purify themselves and gain experience, so they incarnate on the Night of Svarog. Gradually, with the Evolution above (development-degradation), by the end of the Night of Svarog, about 6 billion souls are again incarnated on Earth in order to resume the evolutionary rise in the subsequent Summer of Svarog, renewing the cells of the Creator.
7. Each new Organism is grown from the resources of the Parent's Organism. Therefore, the Parent supplies the young Organism with souls until the young Organism acquires the ability for self-organization, and then for active Development. The body of Svarog has already raised more than one generation of young Gods. Among them, such as Dazhdbog, Perun, Veles and other Svarozhichs are the sons of Svarog. All of them are still so young that souls for them are still being grown by Svarog. Therefore, in the new Cycle of Summer, Svarog will continue to provide young Gods with souls.
Other Supreme Organisms - Creators of other branches Space Life, build the sphere of Conception inside their Organism and improve according to their Technologies.
8. There are many souls on conservation below - in the lower spheres. There are about 3 billion of them. According to them it is accepted separate solution about the transfer to the young gods. A decision was also made to create souls with a new gene structure this Summer of Svarog. This gene structure is more perfect, and it will further advance the evolutionary ascent of the Svarog Organism.
9. Souls who do not want to develop will not force any of them. Each person decides how to evolve. But the Cosmic Law works for everyone, which is created at a level higher than God. It is already known and says: at any level it is impossible to stay more than 2 Cycles.
10. The distribution of souls is as follows:
- some of them will go to technical services;
- a part will perform the tasks of maintaining the shell of the Body - these are abundant spectra of love, characteristic only of the Body of God on the basis of magnetic attraction in the spectra of Love. If we consider young Organisms in general, then they begin the construction of their Body from the construction of its shell. Therefore, they need, first of all, the spectra of Love. In particular, in Metatron's Organism these spectra are of priority. Accordingly, they relay these spectra to the Earth through Kryon and other representatives of the Hierarchy of Light. And in an attempt to use the resources of Svarog, they target them (the people of the Earth) only for their self-organization.
- a part will go to the mental area for the improvement of the Higher Mind of God;
- others will also leave, each in his own specialization to perform certain tasks that are necessary for the full functioning of the Organism;
- there will still be a few million non-embodied souls. But they will not incarnate yet, but will wait for their place in those bodies, the souls of which are subject to disposal. That's what they were recreated for.

L. V. Lvova, Ph.D. biol. Sciences

The secret of the human soul

Magazine "Provisor"

Not one century went undeclared war between supporters of two directions - organic and psychological. For centuries, people have been looking for a miracle cure for mental disorders. But hopes were replaced by disappointments and it all started again ...

War of two approaches

In many nations, madness was considered one of the most terrible punishments. “When a deity prepares misfortune for a person, it first of all takes away his mind,” they said in ancient Greece. But this approach did not suit everyone, and some tried to explain mental illness by psychological factors, others by organic ones.

It is difficult to overestimate the contribution of Hippocrates and his school to the study mental illness. The great Greek was the first to understand how important the role of the brain is in our lives. “... From the brain and only thanks to the brain we get our pleasures, entertainment, laughter and jokes, as well as our suffering, pain, torment, tears. Therefore, I affirm that the brain is the interpreter of consciousness,” he wrote in his treatise. In his opinion, intelligence exists due to the inhalation of air that circulates inside the brain, and an excess of humidity, heat or cold leads to insanity. If you balance these three principles, then the mind should become clear.

The doctors of the “Hippocratic circle” managed to describe with amazing accuracy organic toxic delirium, symptoms of depression, which they called melancholia, phobia, childbirth insanity, hysteria. The cause of melancholy, in their opinion, was the accumulation of black bile. But the vagus uterus, which lost its ligaments with the pelvis, contributed to the development of hysteria (by the way, the view of hysteria as a purely female disease was preserved until the 17th century). From the standpoint of humoral theory, they identified four main psychological types: choleric, sanguine, melancholic and phlegmatic.

Mental health problems were of interest not only to doctors, but also to philosophers.

Pythagoras believed that intelligence and mental illness were localized in the brain, and his followers very often used music therapy to treat emotional disorders. Over the past centuries, a lot of information has been accumulated about the healing properties of music, but there are much fewer works that reveal the mechanisms of its effect on a person. In 1987, M. D. Valchikhina and S. A. Gurevich suggested that the therapeutic effect of music is associated with its effect on biochemical processes. By that time, it was known that for many enzymes, the number of revolutions (that is, the number of molecules processed by the enzyme per unit time) corresponded to the frequencies of the musical notes of the European scale, and since biochemical processes are systems of conjugated enzymatic reactions, then, acting on the slowest reaction, inhibiting the process of transformations, it is possible to influence the entire system as a whole. Realizing perfectly well that the creation of a full-fledged theory is still very, very far away, they nevertheless allowed themselves to dream of creating a musical pharmacopoeia - a set of sound recipes. But back to the ancient Greeks.

Not a single philosopher, thinking about the human soul, could not but think about the eternal question of the relationship between soul and body. Plato was no exception. In his opinion, the state of the body reflects the state of the soul, which is the source of life. The soul consists of rationality - the mind, located closer to God - in the head, and of the irrational part, which resides in the body. The upper components of the irrational soul - courage, ambition, energy - live in the heart, and the lower ones - desires, inclinations, appetite - under the diaphragm. The internal organs act as "communicators" between the various parts of the soul, and the "general leadership" over the body is carried out by the rational soul. Desires that the mind suppresses during wakefulness can penetrate into a person's dreams. The lower excitations are in constant conflict with the higher organizing functions of the mind. The nature of these relationships ultimately determines the behavior of a person and, if for some reason the mind does not allow hidden desires to manifest during wakefulness, they penetrate into dreams.

Whether Sigmund Freud was influenced by Plato's ideas or independently came to similar conclusions, biographers are silent, but the similarity of views is striking, and therefore the Greek philosopher can rightfully be called the forerunner of psychoanalysis. Yes, but he came too early, when the prerequisites for the practical application of his theory had not yet matured. In the last century before the birth of Christ, there lived in Rome a doctor named Areteus. Observing mental patients, he noticed that manic and depressive states tend to recur, and between them there are light intervals. Aretey was the first to describe the mental disintegration of the personality, and, most importantly, he managed to understand that not all mental illnesses reduce the mental abilities of the patient. True, this fact was not recognized until the 20th century.

Areteus revived the Hippocratic tradition. Galen took the next step in the development of Roman medicine. It was he who traced the direction of the seven cranial nerves, identified the differences between sensory and motor nerves, developed a theory about the role of nerves in the transmission of impulses from the brain and spinal cord, and discovered that damage to the brain leads to dysfunction of the opposite side of the body.

The development of practical psychotherapy in the Roman Empire was influenced by two philosophical trends in Greece - Epicureanism and Stoicism. Both the Stoics and the Epicureans were concerned about achieving happiness. Both those and others believed that happiness consists in gaining ataraxia - complete peace. The main difference was in the ways to achieve happiness: among the Stoics it is apathy, and among the Epicureans it is internal protection from vicissitudes. outside world. The ancients tried to get rid of excitement, that is, emotional stress, with the help of philosophy, and modern man - with the help of tranquilizers, which are also known as "ataractis".

Not being a doctor, Cicero drew attention to the fact that physical health can affect the mental state, and saw the cause of "excitement" not in black bile, like Hippocrates, but "in disturbance of peace, as is often observed with strong anger, fear or grief ". Cicero defined the main criteria for the similarities and differences between bodily and mental illnesses: although the mind, like the body, can be afflicted with an illness with the appearance of complete health, illness of the body does not necessarily lead to errors in behavior, and illness of the mind does. Bring deliverance from mental disorders maybe philosophy. This is how Roman pragmatism managed to find a practical application for a purely theoretical science.

Practical psychiatry owes a lot to another Roman - Soranus. He devoted his whole life to the study of diseases of the mind, which he called frenias (according to the ideas of that time, mental abilities were located in the diaphragm). Soran did not doubt that mental illnesses arise due to disturbances in the body, but he treated them with psychological methods, reducing the use of drugs to a minimum. Above all, he put humane conditions for the maintenance of patients and the establishment of friendly contact between doctor and patient.

The most remarkable discoveries in the field of psychology were made by St. Augustine, who noticed that observation itself is an important source of psychological knowledge.

His parents were completely different people. The father, a pagan, a man of great passions, led a very free way of life, supported in his son thoughts about brilliant career, mother, a well-behaved Christian, dreamed of converting him to the true faith. Differences in the views of parents became the cause of internal conflict. And it took a long time before he found his true path dedicating his life to the Church.

An excellent example of introspection without a psychoanalyst was his Confession. Having analyzed life path from infancy, he was able to understand the motivation of his actions and, ultimately, get rid of internal conflict and find peace.

Thus, fifteen centuries before the advent of psychoanalysis, Augustine brought to life the basic principle of Freud: neurotic disturbances can only be overcome by knowing and discovering in oneself their unconscious nature.

A new stage in the development of psychiatry begins in the 17th century. At that time there lived in England a physician named Sydenham. He was called "the prince of the English doctors" and "the English Hippocrates". He described the symptoms of hysteria so accurately that even now it is very difficult to add anything. Sydenham noted that hysteria - a common and often chronic disease - affects not only women, but also men (though, yielding to prejudice, he called male hysteria hypochondria). He found that hysterical symptoms could simulate almost all forms of organic disease. For example, hysterical pains can be mistaken for renal colic, and hysterical convulsions for epileptic seizures. Hysterics may experience headaches with vomiting and psychogenic "heart flutter". But the theoretical explanations of hysteria did not interest him at all.

Georg Ernst Stahl, a German specialist of the 17th century, also contributed to the development of psychiatry by proposing a clinical differentiation of mental disorders. Its essence is that some mental disorders, as well as physical ones, can occur from purely psychological causes and they can be distinguished from mental conditions based on organic damage (in particular, toxic delirium).

The greatest psychologist of that time was Baruch Spinoza. He believed that a person is able to decipher the laws of nature and the psyche, free himself from his passions and achieve perfection, or the desired goal of people is to gain inner freedom. In relation to the organism, that which contributes to its self-preservation is good, and that which harms it is bad. It is the desire for self-preservation that determines human behavior.

Spinoza came close to the concept of the dynamic subconscious, suggesting that the basis of mental processes is the motivation for self-preservation: "The psyche tries, as far as possible, to identify those things that increase the strength of the body, and avoid those things that lower the strength of the body." (The ability of the psyche to avoid recognizing disturbing ideas was later defined by Z. Freud as “repression”, aimed at reflecting anxiety and maintaining homeostasis.)

The harmonious psychological system of Spinoza is surprisingly consonant with Freud's theory. What Freud calls mental health, Spinoza calls the free mind. For him, as for modern psychoanalysts, the function of the intellect is integrating, covering the motivations and feelings of a person.

In the 17th century, Philippe Pinel proposed a classification of mental illness based on observations of patients. He divided mental disorders into melancholia, mania without delirium, mania with delirium, and dementia. He not only described the hallucinations, the unpredictable mood swings of psychotics, and the flights of fantasy of manic patients, but also systematized the symptoms, distinguishing between disorders of attention, memory, and judgment.

Pinel saw the cause of the mental disorder in damage to the central nervous system(CNS) and at the same time, he believed that strong emotional shocks could also lead to the disease. In the treatment, Pinel preferred psychological methods attaching great importance to the relationship between the doctor and the patient.

In the 19th century, the French physician Jean Moreau de Tours was the first to use elements of psychoanalysis to treat mental disorders. He convinced his colleagues that the basis of psychological understanding is introspection (self-observation). To better understand the condition of the sick, Moreau took hashish (subsequently, many psychiatrists used hallucinogens to experience a psychotic state). He believed that mental disorders can be understood through dreams, since they are of the same nature as hallucinations. Jean Moreau came very close to the concept of the “unconscious”: “... a person is given two models of existence, two types of life. The first is our interaction with the outside world; the second is only a reflection of its inner essence, and it feeds from its own deep sources. A dream is something like a no man's land where the outside world ends and the inside begins. The absence of external influences gives power to the irrational forces of the mind, and free psychological processes, unrestrained by reality, are inherent in both dreams and psychoses.

An insane person is alienated from the outside world and lives only for his own inner life. During hallucinations, he sees and hears only what he wants to see and hear, the reality does not affect him at all.

This approach is very close to Freud's idea of ​​primary, primitive processes, when fantasy develops in its own way, regardless of external reality, and secondary processes, which are the result of rational thinking based on contact with reality.

The German psychiatrist Johann Christian Heinroth saw the cause of mental disorders in sin, which, in his understanding, was selfishness. He identified three levels of psychological processes. The lower one is instinctive forces and feelings (in psychoanalysis it corresponds to the concept of “It”), the purpose of which is pleasure. The second level of "Ego" ("I") functions with the help of the intellect. "I" is occupied exclusively with itself, and its goals are appropriate - "security in relation to the surrounding world" and "joy of life." The highest level is the conscience or "Super-We", which develops from the "I" and arises as something alien, opposing the selfish aspirations of the "I". According to Heinroth, far from everyone is given to achieve the full development of the "Super-We". Most often, the voice of conscience is weak, it remains a kind of foreign body, and life is a constant struggle between the selfishness inherent in a person and his mind. Only those who have achieved mental health are mentally healthy. complete unity inside the "I", and a mental disorder arises from a conflict with the "conscience". In such a peculiar way, Johann Christian Heinroth expressed the central concept of psychoanalysis - the idea between an unacceptable impulse ("It") and conscience ("Super-I").

Time passed. Gradually, data on the functioning of the brain and its histological structure accumulated, and doctors tried to connect psychiatry with neurophysiology.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov is rightly called the creator of the scientific physiology of higher nervous activity.

An adherent of the classical reflex theory, he supplemented it with the concept of a conditioned reflex. According to Pavlov conditioned reflexes are reactions acquired in the process of individual development. They develop the most complex functions of the brain. Based on the theory of conditioned reflexes, he created the doctrine of the types of higher nervous activity. Interestingly, the classification proposed by Pavlov is fully consistent with the classification of Hippocrates:

The scientist was interested in the problems of internal and external inhibition (by the way, the nature of internal inhibition remained incomprehensible to him, and he himself called it a “damned” question), the theory of sleep, experimental neuroses - and this is not a complete list of questions.

Unfortunately, his interpretation of conflicts based on the predominance of excitation or inhibition failed to bridge the gap between neurophysiological processes and psychological conflicts. And at the same time, the purely physiological concept of conditioned reflexes served behaviorism.

The Viennese neuropathologist, one of the leading European histopathologists of the late 19th century, Theodor Meinert saw the cause of mental disorders in the pathology of the brain. He was convinced that cerebrovascular insufficiency leads to a state of excitation, and an excess of blood in the brain leads to depression, therefore, using appropriate drugs, the patient can be cured of mental disorder. Meinert proposed to classify mental diseases on the basis of histopathological studies.

Carl Wernicke, a student of Meinert, won international fame for his book on aphasia (various forms of speech impairment). In patients with organic brain damage, he observed loss of short-term memory. Thus, it became possible to distinguish psychoses associated with organic brain damage from functional ones. Wernicke paid much attention to toxic psychoses and disorders caused by senile changes in brain tissue. Such studies supported the hope that it would still be possible to explain mental disorders by histological damage to the nervous system.

Proponents of the organic approach, as a rule, were adherents of medical methods of treatment. But as you know, there are exceptions to the rule.

The French physician Jean Martin Charcot specialized in the treatment of patients with hysteria. He was not at all interested in psychology, and he considered hysteria an organic disease of the nervous system and at the same time treated it with hypnosis. Charcot explained the effectiveness of hypnotic influence by the organic weakness of the nervous system of hysterics, assuring that only a patient suffering from hysteria can be hypnotized. His opponents - Libo and Bernheim - were of the opinion that hypnosis is based on suggestion, and not an organic disease, and many people who do not suffer from hysteria can also be hypnotized. An excellent illustration was the experiments with post-hypnotic suggestion. Boyle gave the hypnotized test subjects commands that they were supposed to follow after waking up. After coming out of the trance, they actually did them, with no recollection that they had received instructions during hypnosis. Professor Charcot's student, Pierre Janet, developed the theory of his teacher.

In his opinion, the weakness of the nervous system leads to inadequate psychological stress and subsequent mental instability. Such mental weakness - psychasthenia - can result from exhaustion or shock. Hypnotizing patients, Janet noticed that many of them, under hypnosis, recall episodes from their lives associated with the onset of neurotic symptoms. Sometimes such memories allowed the patient to get rid of the neurosis. Why this is happening, Zhane could not explain.

Unlike Charcot and Janet, P.J. Moebius believed in the psychological nature of hysterical symptoms, but at the same time did not believe that a treatment technique could be created on the basis of psychology. Moebius's research went beyond pure medicine, since he was most interested in the problem of creativity and talent. As a result, he put forward the concept of an outstanding degenerate (considering himself as such) and wrote several pathobiographies of prominent people.

Edouard Claparede, a psychologist by education, was interested in a lot of things. He did not bypass his attention and the phenomenon of dreams. Claparede believed that sleep is a protective mechanism that "cuts off the individual's interest in the situation this moment and thus terminate activity. It prevents "the body from reaching the point of exhaustion." The study of sleep led him to the study of hysteria and to the conclusion that hysterical symptoms also had a protective function. The most interesting thing is that in animals he was able to identify symptoms similar to hysterical ones, and successfully hypnotize goats and pigs!

Fight fire with fire

With the development of the biological sciences, an understanding of the nature of organic and mental diseases gradually came.

IN late XIX and the beginning of the twentieth century. syphilis has become the object of research by many neuropsychiatrists. It all started with the fact that Boyle and Kalmiel clinically described general paralysis - syphilis of the brain. A little later, Bayarger, Romberg, and Westphal identified "clinical" differences between syphilitic injections of the spinal cord and the brain. Already in 1905, Fritz Schaudin discovered the pathogen - spirochete in the primary genital lesion, and in 1913 Hideo Noguhi and Moore found a pale spirochete in the brain of syphilitic patients.

The next step was taken by Julius von Wagner-Jarek, who noticed that people suffering from syphilis went into remission when another acute infection occurred. This observation formed the basis for the treatment of cerebral syphilis by inoculation of malaria.

In 1917, influenza was rampant in the world. Many victims of the epidemic developed viral encephalitis with severe neuropsychiatric consequences.

In the first decades of the twentieth century, it became quite clear that an infectious factor could become the cause of mental disorders.

The study of diseases associated with malnutrition has also contributed to the understanding of psychotic disorders.

Avitaminosis B1 can cause mental changes, consisting in loss of memory for recent events and a tendency to hallucinations, a congenital metabolic disorder of two important amino acids - phenylalanine and tryptophan - causes a delay in children mental development. With phenylketonuria, phenylalanine accumulates in the blood, and troptophan is not converted into the end product of metabolism - serotonin, which, as you know, being a neurotransmitter, plays important role in the functioning of the brain. Galactosemia, a congenital deficiency of galactotransferase, also leads to mental retardation.

The endocrine system occupies an important place in the regulation of body functions. Hypofunction of the thyroid gland in adulthood is accompanied by the development of myxedema, in which, along with mucous edema, pathological obesity, and a sharp decrease in basal metabolism, general brain disorders and mental disorders are observed. In this case, the use of thyroid preparations gives a fairly good effect. In early childhood, an insufficient function of the thyroid gland leads to the development of a disease known in the literature as cretinism, in which profound changes in the psyche are also noted.

But here hormonal preparations powerless - their application does not give positive results.

When Frederick Benting first isolated insulin from the pancreas in 1922, he had no idea that this hormone would be used in the treatment of schizophrenia. But it so happened that patients with acute mental disorders were given insulin to improve appetite, and some doctors noticed the beneficial effect of low doses of insulin on the mood of patients. The very same idea to use the hormone for the treatment of psychotics belongs to Manfred Sackel. For several years in the Berlin clinic Lichterfelde, he observed morphine addicts. Noticing that in the absence of the drug, patients become very agitated, he suggested that their condition was due to hyperactivity of the adrenal glands and thyroid gland. Sakel began to search for a drug that could counteract the increased activity of the endocrine system. He believed that in this way it is possible to reduce the tone of the sympathetic nervous system (and as you know, the sympathetic system controls the body's actions in extreme situations, but when the situation ceases to be extreme, it "transfers" its functions to the parasympathetic nervous system). It turned out that high doses of insulin somewhat weaken the hyperactive state, and then he decided to increase the dose even more in order to induce coma in overexcited patients, especially in "schizophrenic patients." At the end of 1933, Sakel published the results of his experiments, indicating positive changes in the course of schizophrenia after insulin shock. This method, quite naturally, had not only supporters, but also opponents. One of the reasons for the rejection was that improvement was most often observed in patients in the initial stage of the disease. And over the years, it has become increasingly clear that at this stage, schizophrenics respond positively to almost any kind of treatment. In the chronic stage, insulin shock (however, like other methods) is much less effective.

The hopes of psychiatrists for hormonal therapy were not fully justified. The search for another panacea led to the creation of another method shock therapy.

A new way of treating schizophrenia owes its "birth" to the "sacred disease" of the ancients - epilepsy.

In the late 1920s, the Hungarian psychiatrist Ladislaus Josev von Medun noticed that the glial tissue of the brain in epileptics was thickened, while in schizophrenics there was an insufficiency of the glial structure. Based on these observations, Meduna came to the conclusion that schizophrenia and epilepsy were incompatible and decided that by applying the convulsive factor, a schizophrenic could be cured.

In 1933, he first used camphor for treatment, and some time later, he switched to the less toxic synthetic drug metrazol.

Meduna spent almost 10 years developing his method, not knowing that back in the 18th century, some doctors recommended camphor for the treatment of mental disorders. The newly discovered treatment was not widely used because metrazol had a number of drawbacks: an unpredictable time interval between drug administration and seizures, which were often so strong that they caused fractures.

In 1932, the pathologist of the neuropsychiatric clinic of Genoa Hugo Cerletti, performing an autopsy of deceased epileptics, noticed a seal in a certain sector of the brain. He decided to check whether this induration was the cause or, conversely, the result of epileptic seizures. Believing that drugs that cause seizures can lead to the formation of compaction, Cerletti decided to use electrical stimulation (on what the logic of his reasoning was based is difficult to understand, but the fact remains). Cerletti did not know that in 1755 the French physician J. B. Roy used electroconvulsive treatment in cases of psychogenic blindness, but he knew that convulsions were experimentally induced in animals in this way.

Having determined a safe dose of electricity on animals, he applied electric shock to a patient with schizophrenia. This happened for the first time on April 5, 1938. Soon its advantages over metrazol and insulin were revealed, and the electroshock method was widely used.

Electroshock therapy has been quite effective in treating depression, but at the same time, it has not eliminated the causes of underlying psychological discord, but only alleviated the symptoms. Opinions about the mechanisms of influence are different: some prefer psychological factors, others prefer physiological ones. There is a psychological theory that states that the patient is so afraid of the treatment that he "runs into health" in order not to experience this procedure again. There is a theory that treatment satisfies the patient's need for punishment, and supporters of another psychological theory it is believed that through the strongest muscle convulsions the patient releases his suppressed aggressive impulses. If you think about it, each of these concepts is quite vulnerable, but physiological theories are no less vulnerable. Claims that electroshock stimulates the hypothalamus and through it the sympathetic nervous system, or that it stimulates an adaptive response of the adrenal cortex, have not stood up to scrutiny: practical observations indicate that specific sympathetic stimulants or corticosteroid hormones do not cure mental disorders.

The most plausible explanation of the mechanism of electric shock was proposed by F. Alexander.

The post-shock state is characterized by loss of memory for recent events, among which there may be events that caused or accelerated the development of psychosis. This allows the patient to return to a pre-depressive state. When the memory returns (which happens sooner or later, since the damage to the brain caused by electric shock is reversible), the disease tends to return.

Psychosurgery was often recommended in the 1940s for patients with irreversible psychoses not amenable to shock therapy. Perhaps the main role in the development of this very peculiar way of treating the mentally ill was played by Egas Moniz, professor of neurology at the University of Lisbon.

Observing patients suffering from functional psychosis, Moniz "was especially struck by the fact that some mental patients suffering from melancholia and obsessive states lead a very limited existence within a narrow circle of ideas that, dominating everything else, are constantly spinning in the patient's diseased brain" . He saw the only way out of this situation in changing the frontal part of the brain. Since the thalamus is responsible for the transmission of sensory sensations and the cerebral cortex, and the prefrontal lobe is responsible for interpreting sensory experience and translating it into consciousness, using the connection of the thalamus and the frontal lobes should provide the desired effect. In 1935, with the help of the Portuguese surgeon Almaida Lima, Moniz brought his idea to life by performing a lobotomy on a mental patient.

Subsequently, it turned out that the operated patients became not only calmer - often, losing their individuality, they practically turned into serene "zombies". Moreover, lobotomy did not bring the slightest relief to patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorders. It is impossible to get rid of the consequences of such a “treatment” - surgical intervention irreversibly crippled the brain, and soon lobotomy was no longer used.

Medicine medicine discord

In 1826 Balard discovered bromides. Two decades later, they began to be used in psychiatric practice. And in the second half of the XIX and early XX centuries. medical experience has shown that with the help of bromides it is possible to significantly alleviate the state of excitation. By the mid-1920s, some American psychiatrists were so convinced of their healing properties that they claimed in the official journal of the American Psychiatric Association that they had finally found a drug that could alleviate the symptoms of disturbed behavior. But soon, as is often the case in the treatment of mental disorders, disappointment came.

In the 1930s, Indian physicians S. Siddiqui and R. Siddiqui isolated five major alkaloids from a plant known in Europe as rauwolfia serpentina. Two other Indian scientists described the use of this plant in psychoses. By the way, in the tropical countries of the East, a serpentine plant has long been used as an antidote for snake bites and as a cure for sleepwalking and insanity.

In the early 50s. French psychiatrist Jean Delay reported on positive effect chlorpromazine, one of the phenothiazine derivatives, in the treatment of psychotic patients. Soon there is another drug - meprobomate.

It all started with the fact that F. M. Berger discovered that the effect of mephenesin, which was used to treat muscle spasms in acute delusional states, was short-lived. He succeeded in synthesizing a related chemical drug called meprobomate. The new drug had a mild tranquilizing effect and had a longer effect compared to mephenesin.

Since all these drugs did not significantly change consciousness, memory or intelligence, the therapeutic effect of tranquilizers was explained by their influence on the subcortical regions - the hypothalamus, limbic system and the reticular formation.

Each drug has its own characteristics. Phenothiazines appear to inhibit reticular formation signaling and are therefore effective in anxiety disorders. Rauwolfia compounds have less pronounced sedative properties, apparently mainly affecting the hypothalamus and the autonomic nervous system. Side effects (constriction of the pupil, lowering of blood pressure) are obviously related to the fact that these tranquilizers suppress the sympathetic nervous system. Meprobomat, apparently, works in a completely different way. Most likely, it slows down the speed of transmission of impulses from the thalamus to the cortex.

It is not surprising that tranquilizers are ineffective in depression, because their task is to reduce the reaction to an irritant, and people suffering from depression are already overly calm and inactive. In these cases, antidepressants come to the rescue. Many of them cause an increase in the content of neurotransmitters in synapses. By the way, in the 1950s, the action of lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD) was intensively studied. It turned out that, due to its similarity to serotonin, LSD is able to block serotonin receptors and thereby neutralize some of the pharmacological effects of serotonin. Therefore, there was an assumption that a violation of serotonin metabolism can lead to the emergence of mental illness. But back to antidepressants.

In the 50s, a new stimulant appeared - amphetamine. The proposed mechanism of action is due to its similarity to norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter that can be formed from tyrosine directly in the brain. Amphetamine displaces norepinephrine from the depot and blocks its absorption by nerve fibers. Since all events unfold, most likely, in the tiny blue region of the spinal column Locus coeruleus, connected not only with the limbic system responsible for emotions, but also with the cerebral cortex, amphetamine stimulates both emotions and higher cognitive functions and thus increases excitability .

The mechanism of action of benzodiazepines is somewhat different. By binding to protein molecules in synapses, they increase the ability of GABA, a neurotransmitter that performs inhibitory functions, to connect with neighboring centers of the same protein molecule. There are especially many such binding centers in the limbic system, therefore, in the presence of diazepines, its abnormally high activity is suppressed, which a person feels as fear, anxiety.

In the 1980s, a new group of antidepressants appeared - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). They are actively used in narcological practice. Potential mechanisms of action of SSRIs have been elucidated using the hypothesis of central serotonin deficiency in alcoholism.

For the treatment of mental disorders associated with alcoholism - depression and schizophrenia - and to relieve the manifestations of alcohol withdrawal, a neuroleptic, a derivative of thioxanthene-flupentixol, is used. It is characterized by a wide spectrum of action, but the clinical effect is largely dependent on the dose. In small doses (up to 3 mg), the drug has antidepressant, anti-anxiety and activating effects, reduces psychosomatic symptoms. In medium doses (3–40 mg), it exhibits an antipsychotic effect, reducing delusions and hallucinations. Flupentixol decanoate (depot injection) reduces drug craving in cocaine addiction.

Recently, many people suffer from endogenous depressions, which arise due to disorders in the neuropsychic activity of the body. Commonly used SSRIs include fluoxetine (Prozac), fluvoxamine (Fevarin), paroxetine (Paxil), and sertraline (Zoloft). Antidepressants have a thymoleptic, sedative-anxiolytic (tranquilizing) and stimulating effect, that is, they affect the emotional component of depression (depressive mood), the manifestation of anxiety, increased irritability, anxiety-phobic states and symptoms of indifference, reduced working capacity, interest in the environment. Each of the four drugs, as it turned out, has individual features of the spectrum of action: all three components of the antidepressant action are most evenly represented in Prozac; Praxil and Fevarin have the most pronounced thymoleptic effect, while Zoloft has a thymoleptic and tranquilizing effect. Since all SSRIs have similar biochemical mechanisms of action, the observed differences are apparently due to the individual characteristics of carbocyclic compounds and radicals that complement the benzene ring underlying their chemical structural formula.

Alprazolam (Alzolam) showed itself well in the treatment of neurotic depression, combining a mild tranquilizing effect with an antidepressant effect. Alzolam is a benzodiazepine derivative containing a triazole ring. It inhibits the activity of monoamine oxidase, which inactivates catecholamine mediators, and has a slight anticholinergic effect. The therapeutic effect of the drug is probably due to its binding to specific reviewers in various parts of the central nervous system.

Healers of human souls

While practicing hypnosis, Freud realized the limitations of this method of treatment. On the one hand, not every person is amenable to hypnosis, on the other hand, the therapeutic effect is often transient: another symptom appears in place of the disappeared symptom. Far from immediately, Freud managed to understand that hypnosis does not eliminate the main cause of the disease - the resistance of consciousness to unbearable thoughts, and therefore - temporary relief. Realizing this, he began to look for a way to overcome the resistance of consciousness to negative experiences and gradually came to the method of free associations.

essence new technology Freud was that he suggested that patients give up conscious control over their thoughts and say whatever comes to mind. Such sessions led the patient to forgotten events, which he not only remembered, but also re-experienced emotionally. The response in free association is essentially similar to the state experienced in hypnosis, but it is less pronounced, and since negative information enters consciousness in portions, the conscious self is able to cope with emotions, gradually cutting its way through subconscious conflicts. Freud called this process "psychoanalysis".

Noticing that during the sessions, patients very often refer to their dreams, Freud became interested in dreams. A few years later he summarized the results of his observations in the book The Interpretation of Dreams. According to Freud's theory, dreams are an attempt to defuse the emotional tension that accumulates during the day due to unfulfilled aspirations, and the sleeper is freed from them, drawing in his imagination a picture of the satisfaction of his desires. In adults, desires are usually suppressed by internal conflicts, which are often the result of unfulfilled aspirations of adolescence due to the negative attitude of parents towards them (this is an alien "I" or "It"). In dreams, adults express the desires of their alien "I" in a veiled way, and such a compromise allows you to bypass the internal conflict.

The method of free association and the interpretation of dreams provided the key to understanding psychopathology, since both dreams and their psychopathological phenomena express unconscious subconscious processes.

An analysis of the accumulated material led Freud to the idea that the basis of many neuroses is the Oedipus complex - the unconscious attraction of the child to the parent of the opposite sex. The “libido theory” created by Freud refuted the traditional views on the sexual instinct as the instinct of procreation, which caused rejection among colleagues and the general public.

The scientist explained the essence of neurotic and psychotic symptoms using the concepts of "fixation" and "regression".

Reinforcement is the tendency to retain behaviors, feelings, and thoughts that have served well in the past, while regression is the pursuit of the most successful skills developed in the past when a situation arises that requires new skills. Neurotics have a particular tendency to regress, and neurotic symptoms are disguised lesions of former id habits that are unacceptable in the present situation. In order to prevent the obsolete tendencies of the “It”, “I” from breaking out, uses protective mechanisms. The most important among them are:

All these mechanisms serve to avoid conflict between social essence individual with his inner, primitive aspirations. An important aspect of psychoanalytic treatment is "transference", when the patient not only remembers, but also transfers to the doctor the feelings that he had for people from his past, who meant a lot to him. The experience and reproduction of the initial neurotic reactions allows the patient, using his adult experience, to overcome childhood experiences that led to the development of the disease.

Alfred Adler, the Austrian psychiatrist, creator of the "individual psychologist", like Freud, believed that the causes of neurosis lie in childhood and are associated with the unconscious. But there was one very significant difference in their theories. Adler argued that the determining factor is not the sexual instinct, but the desire for power, the achievement of superiority, with which a person seeks to compensate for the feeling of inferiority. The task of the psychotherapist is to explain to the patient what he is mistaken about. According to Adler's deep conviction, the only way to recover lies in the formation of socially significant interests (in other words, one can gain health only by getting rid of selfishness). Never imposing his opinion, he tried to make the patient himself come to the right decision. In the 20s. Freud's and Adler's concepts were widely accepted on "both sides of the ocean".

Carl Gustav Jung used both theories in the treatment of patients, "recognizing their relative correctness", but there were facts that did not fit into either of them. Changes were required.

Jung believed that the unconscious consists of two parts. The personal unconscious includes "all mental contents forgotten during life, all subconscious impressions and perceptions, and all mental contents compatible with the conscious attitude." The latter are inaccessible to consciousness because of their imperfection (moral, aesthetic or intellectual). The supra-personal or collective unconscious contains an "archaic mental product" that can manifest itself in the dreams of a healthy person. It is very often observed in psychosis: "the patient has bizarre thoughts, everything around him seems to have changed, the faces of those around him are alien and distorted." If the doctor manages to remove these painful images from consciousness, then the patient will feel relief. With neurosis, the situation is different. Quite often, a difficult experience displaces some of the "properties necessary for life." Thus, a complex appears in the personal unconscious, and a person may develop a neurosis. If the psychotherapist manages to bring it into consciousness, then the patient will get rid of the disease. The principles of analytical psychology created by Jung, his doctrine of psychological types and the version of the associative experiment he developed were adopted by psychotherapists, psychoanalysts and psychologists.

In 1958, Carl Jung wrote: “Although our understanding has not yet been able to find bridges connecting the visibility and tangibility of the brain and the apparent incorporeality of mental images, there is an undoubted certainty of their existence.” Alas, these bridges have not been found so far. The search continues.

Literature

1. Alexander F., Selesnik Sh. Man and his soul: knowledge and healing from antiquity to the present day. - Moscow, 1995.
2. History of Foreign Psychology.- M.: Publishing House of Moscow University, 1986.
3. Adler A. Science to live. - Kyiv, 1997.
4. Jung KG Psychology of transference. Wackler, Refl-book, 1997.
5. Mukhin A. A. Treatment of alcoholism: the possibility of using new psychotropic drugs. Modern Psychiatry. No. 1. 1999. P. 19–24.
6. Panteleeva G. P., Abramova L. I., Korenev A. N. Comparative characteristics therapeutic efficacy of a new generation of antidepressants from the group of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Modern Psychiatry. No. 6. 1998. P. 12–17.

It is unlikely that anyone will argue with the fact that the body, devoid of consciousness, is just an empty shell. Not so long ago, scientists discovered that even in patients who are in a coma, the brain continues to partially function. However, is thinking connected with the brain? Recently, scientists have doubted that our consciousness is even part of the body.

A group of American researchers led by anesthesiologist Stuart Hameroff announced that they were able to prove the possibility of the existence of the soul after death. In his report, Hameroff argues that our soul is something more fundamental than a collection of neural connections. “I think that consciousness, or its predecessor, has always existed in the universe, perhaps since the Big Bang,” says the scientist.

Thus, the soul is not born at all with a person, but only moves into our body from somewhere outside, and leaves it when we die. Therefore, at the moment of dying, our consciousness fixes “ White light” or “tunnel” - this is the soul “flies away” into the expanses of the Universe, where it was originally located.

However, this is not yet a proof, but rather a hypothesis. But numerous cases of reincarnation (when people “remember” their “past lives”, talk about things that could only be known to their “predecessors”), as well as the belief in the transmigration of souls, characteristic of Eastern teachings, indirectly indicate that Hameroff and his colleagues may be right. By the way, this theory perfectly explains the fact that the state of a coma can sometimes change a person’s personality - but what if another quantum entity simply inhabits it? Well, we, of course, are more accustomed to calling it a soul ...

Indirect evidence of the existence of the soul, that is, some out-of-body substance, was recently obtained by Peter Fenwick from the London Institute of Psychiatry and Sam Parina from Southampton Central Hospital. After studying the medical records of 63 patients who survived clinical death due to cardiac arrest, they found that none of them had a decrease in oxygen concentration in the tissues of the central nervous system after the cessation of brain activity. But if the brain did not control the body, then what did?

In turn, the American cardiologist Michael Sab compared the stories of 116 people who also went through clinical death with real events that took place while they were “on the other side of consciousness”. And it turned out that often these patients described in detail the actions of doctors on their lifeless bodies, and sometimes what happened in other places, for example, in neighboring wards or even at their home ... In general, there is no doubt that there is a certain substance that is connected with our body, but at the same time is able to function independently of it. It is the soul or consciousness.

But what about the brain? It is curious that this organ makes up only two percent of the volume of the body, but at the same time consumes up to 50 percent of all energy produced by the body. This may indicate that the brain is the receiver through which the mind communicates with the body. When the “battery” dies, the consciousness turns off. Rather, it is present, but already outside the body. And in old age, people begin to think worse, since the body can no longer produce enough energy to maintain the brain's work ... In a word, the brain is not a source of consciousness at all, but a transmitter.

But where do our souls, or rather our disembodied selves, live when they are out of the body? It is hardly possible to talk about any specific habitat here. Yes, they can sometimes be seen as ghosts in different places, including those where a person often visited during his lifetime. But science still does not really know anything about the nature of ghosts. It is possible that they, or at least part of them, have nothing to do with real "souls" and are only products of someone's consciousness, visions and so on. As for the question: “Where does the soul go after death?” - in order to answer it, one should think in completely different categories than the concepts of space and even time that are familiar to us.

The mystery of death has always troubled the human mind. Perhaps each of us is afraid of death, this gloomy and sinister edge of inevitability. Materialists believed that the most terrible thing is hidden behind death - non-existence, and the existence of any person compared to the eternity of the Universe is just a short moment.

Such brevity of human existence in comparison with the eternity of the universe may seem simply a mockery of the Creator.

Awareness of the purpose of existence on Earth of man and his soul, provide us with the opportunity to step over the brink of doom.

If a person during his lifetime seeks to receive maximum benefits exclusively for himself, then his soul cannot in any way be considered exalted, and a positive personality will show the best spiritual qualities even in the face of death.

Thus, the fear of death makes someone even worse and meaner, while others - higher and nobler.

In addition, the death of a person is a huge incentive for the struggle for life, it develops in the individual willpower and a desire to overcome difficulties. That is why it can be argued that death is also a great Teacher.

Reasons and death process

There are two main causes of death: premature and death at the end of a person's natural lifespan. In the second case, a person can be compared to a lamp that has run out of oil and there is no longer any way to prevent leaving, but you can only prepare for it.

The process of death is also described in detail in various Tibetan teachings, following which, the process consists of external and internal decay. If you listen to the testimonies of eyewitnesses who survived clinical death, then the following stages can be distinguished:

1. Denial

The reaction: “No, not me” is the most common and predictable reaction in a person when a fatal diagnosis is announced to him. Depending on how strong support is provided to a person by his relatives, how much he himself is able to take control of events, this stage is overcome easier or harder.

2. Anger

During the second stage, the dying person pours out his anger on people who care about him and in general on everyone. healthy people, because so far he cannot accept his fate and is tormented by the question: “why exactly should I die?”

3. "Bargain"

The dying man enters into a debate with higher powers and asks for an extension own life: for example, promises to be an ideal believer. The first three stages characterize the period of crisis and can develop with frequent backtracking.

4. Depression and acceptance of death

At this stage, a person no longer cares about any questions, he has already come to terms with the thought of approaching death. The dying man is now just humbly waiting for his death.

Secrets of the structure of the soul. How is the distribution of souls

The soul of all people has a spherical shape. It is a matrix surrounded by energy bodies.

The individual soul is located in the same way for everyone - it is superimposed on the physical body in the solar plexus.

Some time before death, Forces Subtle world(Angels) begin to disconnect the soul from the body. At such moments, all pain sensations disappear (even if a person’s illness was associated with severe pain), a feeling of joy, peace appears, and the fear of death disappears. This case is typical for bright person, but if a person is negative, then he begins to see dark creatures (devils, etc.).

Thus, a person before death is visited by beings who will take him after it: either to the light or to the dark worlds (hells) for punishment.

An entire hierarchy of light beings is responsible for the objective distribution of souls after death. Everything is taken into account - up to the thoughts in the head, to all the actions and secret thoughts of a person!

Most often, the human soul first ascends to the place of distribution of souls, where all deeds (achievements and sins) are weighed to determine the subsequent fate. This process takes approximately 40 days.

The soul is then subjected to the following transformations:

1. If a person is destined for the next incarnation, his soul is placed in the new body of an infant.

2. The soul can be directed to the Light worlds (Paradise), and the higher the level of the soul, the longer period between future incarnations.

3. The soul of a lost, vicious person, is sentenced to be sent to underworlds. The negativity accumulated by a person throughout his life is burned out in hellfire so that the soul draws the necessary conclusions and no longer makes past mistakes. Then the soul is sent to the next incarnation, but it will not be "fabulous". The working off of past sins continues until the person changes.

4. But if a person lived the life of a criminal and brought only evil to others, then his soul immediately after death goes to the Dark Worlds (he simply falls into the ground). Moreover, the dark soul lingers there for a long time - it happens that for thousands of years. The prospect is unenviable…

What awaits the soul in judgment and purgatory. Last Judgment

As a rule, the judgment is completed on the 40th day after death, but sometimes it can be extended to 2-2.5 months. After the trial, depending on how many pluses and minuses the soul has gained during its life, it is sent either to Purgatory or to be decoded.

The Last Judgment takes place after the completion of the next cycle of the development of souls, that is, during the period of the change of civilizations. At the Last Judgment, souls are not forgiven even the slightest weakness, and the Highest Teachers are especially strict in evaluating the qualities of souls. When a certain percentage of marriage is revealed, the soul is taken out of evolution, such a life turns into a complete void, and instead of eternal existence, oblivion awaits it. Earthlings had only 5 Global Courts (according to the number of civilizations on Earth). What distinguishes them from ordinary ones is the colossal number of souls sent for decoding.

In Purgatory, the souls of some people undergo purification, those who have sinned more are tormented for longer, and those who are not subject to development for their greater sinfulness are destroyed through decoding.

How does decoding work

The decoding of souls is carried out by special machines controlled by Essences. The disassembly process takes place through a computer, the soul is disassembled and disappears forever as a person.

When decoding, the soul feels like it is being split into pieces and experiences the strongest torments - in fact, such as if the body is being torn apart.

Control your actions, desires and thoughts - take care of the immortality of the soul!