The three major religions of the world are beliefs with centuries of history. How many religions are there in the world? Major world religions. Religion - what is it

It so happened that I somehow moved away from Islam: I missed a lot of prayers, my behavior was not like that of a Muslim, etc. I don’t even know how it happened, because of what I already forgot, but I never thought that I would stop praying. I want to improve now, but it doesn’t work, I think that tomorrow I will compensate for all the prayers, and when tomorrow comes, I transfer it to the next day. How can I fix it, where do I start? What can be done to strengthen iman?

According to one of the hadiths, prayer is the first thing that will be asked for on the Day of Judgment, and if everything goes well with him, if a person performed it regularly and in a timely manner, then the interrogation on all other articles will be easy and he, if Allah pleases, will fall to Ray. In another saying of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) it is said that prayer is the difference between a believer and an unbeliever. In general, there are a lot of hadiths that tell about the importance and obligatory nature of prayer, what has been said is enough for a reasonable person to realize how great the significance of obligatory prayer is. Therefore, first of all, you need to pull yourself together and not postpone the beginning of the performance and compensation of prayer. Give yourself a word that no matter what happens, you will not leave prayer, try to perform it regularly for at least 40 days. If there are observant friends in your circle, arrange with them to go to the mosque together to perform namaz, so that you spend more time with friends, strengthen relationships with them and do not miss prayer.

Along with this, read Islamic literature, in particular the biography of the Prophets (peace and blessings of Allah be upon them), companions, righteous people, theologians. It instills a lot of love for religion.

Tell me, please, if I overslept the morning prayer, should I perform it before the lunch prayer or after it?

Prayer missed for a good reason (if you overslept through no fault of yours, namely: went to bed on time, set an alarm, etc.), you must definitely reimburse and, you can reimburse it in your free time, unlike a prayer missed without a valid reasons, it must be reimbursed immediately! It is advisable to perform the missed prayer before the timely one, if the time of the timely performed does not pass from this.

I have a small child, she is 1 year and 10 months old. Every time I pray, she stands in front of me, but I continue to pray. I wanted to know if such a prayer is considered valid?

As you know, one of the conditions of prayer is the cleanliness of the body, clothing and place of prayer, namely those places that you touch during prayer. Therefore, the fact that your child stood on the mat does not harm your prayer in any way. The hadith tells that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) did prayer, his grandchildren climbed on him.

I am very concerned about one question. I am doing namaz. But many of my relatives have a wrong understanding of our religion, in connection with the events taking place now. Therefore, I don’t like to say among them that I pray at all, it’s easier for me to do it silently, so that no one knows. Sometimes they can say something bad about Islam, and I don't want to get into an argument with them. It may be wrong to think so, but I get the impression that they can no longer be persuaded. Is it not considered such my silence that I do not defend religion as a "betrayal" in relation to it? And what to do in such situations?

Unfortunately, about 70 years of communism have done their job, in part they managed to lead some Muslims away from the observance of the norms of Islam. First of all, you need to work in terms of educating relatives. Answer their questions gently and diplomatically, and buy several books about Islam and DVDs of sermons from theologians, in particular on the subject of obligatory prayer. But the greatest appeal will be your good disposition and good attitude towards them. Do not look at anything, do not leave the obligatory prayer, observe it regularly and in a timely manner. If you hear something inappropriate from them, correct them, explain to them, but in order for you to do this, you yourself need to study Islam, the wisdom of praying, etc.

I study at a military institute, we are not allowed to pray. What to do?

To begin with, approach the teacher (officer, commander) and try to explain the situation to him, namely, the importance of prayer for a believer. I think (I really hope) that if you present it normally, they will understand and allow it. If suddenly they are not allowed, go to the most important thing and try to explain it to him. If you fail here, contact a good lawyer and think about filing a lawsuit and obtaining the right, first of all, granted to you by the Constitution of our country - to freely practice your religion!

Is it possible to do sunnah (prayer or fasting) if there are unreimbursed duties - fard? For example, when you come to the mosque, is it better to make up for the missed prayer or is it desirable to make a salutatory prayer in 2 rak'ahs?

According to the Shafi'i madhhab (legal school), one who has missed obligatory prayers cannot perform desirable ones, with the exception of those that are performed only a few times during the year, such as the holiday prayers of Eid al-Adha and Kurban Bayram (Eid al-adha and Eid al-Fitr). There will be no demand from you on the Day of Judgment for not fulfilling the desired prayers, unlike the mandatory ones. Therefore, it is logical and necessary, when entering the mosque, to perform the missed prayer instead of the salutatory prayer, especially since the salutatory prayer is replaced by any other prayer. In other words, if a person, entering the mosque, performs any prayer, he receives a reward for performing the salutatory prayer.

How to pronounce the intention to compensate farz prayer? Are there any conditions to make up for a missed Friday prayer?

The intention is made as follows, for example, to compensate for the lunch prayer: “I set out to compensate for my missed obligatory lunch 4 rak'ah prayers for the sake of Allah.” Accordingly, if the morning prayer is reimbursed, then replace the word “dinner” with “morning”, and “4 rak'ahs” with “2 rak'ahs”, similarly with other prayers.

The missed Friday prayer is not reimbursed, instead of it, the lunch prayer is performed, as timely, if the prayer time has not yet come out. If the time of the lunch prayer has already passed, then you need to make up the lunch prayer as missed.

I had surgery and stitches, which will be removed only after 2 weeks, and I need to take a mandatory bath for prayer and fasting, but because of the stitches, I cannot wet the wound. I do not want to miss prayer and fasting. What should I do?

In those cases when it is impossible to perform ritual washing or bathing, it is necessary to do cleansing with earth, dust (tayammum). You can read more details by following these links:

My husband reads "al-Fatiha" and some suras with errors, but better than me. How would it be better in this case: to pray collectively or separately? Because of this, we have disputes.

If you and your husband have the same mistakes (one to one), you can pray collectively. However, if the husband does not make the same mistakes that you make, you will not succeed in jamaat prayer and you will have to pray separately or look for another imam for both of you who knows how to read surah al-Fatiha correctly.

I have debt prayers for 4 years, what should be the intention for tarawih prayers: for debt prayers or for tarawih prayers?

You need to make an intention to compensate for debt prayers, since it is for them that you will be asked on the Day of Judgment, and not for desirable prayers, such as tarawih prayers.

In the month of Ramadan, I get up every night and do tahajjud prayers. I recently learned that tahajjud prayer turns into fard if you perform it once. Please tell me is it true? If I can’t do it every night, then it’s undesirable to do it?

Sunnah does not become a fard, however, it is condemned to leave a constantly performed worship.

After the operation on the stomach, I have constant flatulence, i.e. the discharge of gases from the intestines, which gives me great problems, including when performing namaz. Ablution is broken right during prayer. How should I deal with prayer?

Always wait for the prayer time and perform ablution immediately before the prayer. If you wait for the azan (or the time of prayer according to the schedule), make ablution and immediately start reading the prayer, the prayer will be valid, despite the fact that during its performance there will be an involuntary discharge of gases.

I wanted to clarify something: is prayer for a person obligated after 15 years or after puberty?

According to the Shafi'i madhhab, prayer is obligated after puberty. Signs of the onset of puberty are: hair overgrowth of the armpits and groin, wet dreams, in girls - the appearance of menstrual flow. If there is no menstruation or wet dreams, then puberty occurs with the achievement of 15 years according to the lunar calendar.

Is it possible to pray during the adhan?

It is possible, but it is advisable to wait for its completion and make a prayer after.

Is it possible to perform prayer if the time for prayer has come, but the adhan has not been read?

It is possible, since one of the conditions for prayer is the onset of its time, and not the announcement of this, which is what the azan is.

If I did not manage to do the morning prayer on time, and it is already light outside, what should I do?

Do it when you wake up, the sooner the better.

Is prayer accepted by a person who has a tattoo on his body?

In the book “Ianat at-talibin” it is written: “It is obligatory to remove your (tattoo and permanent makeup) if such damage to the skin is not caused, due to which it will be necessary to do tayammum. Otherwise, it is not necessary to remove the tattoo." The book “Bujairimi” says: “If yours is inflicted before the age of majority, then it is not obligatory to remove it. In cases where a person is obliged to remove a tattoo, leaving it to him is not forgiven, and the prayer performed with it is not considered valid ”“ Ianat at-talibin ”, (No. 4/55).

Please tell me, after a miscarriage, women have bleeding for some time. Is it necessary to make a full ablution after it and is it necessary to compensate for all missed prayers during this time?

After the completion of the postpartum discharge, it is imperative to bathe with the appropriate intention. Prayers missed during this period of time do not need to be reimbursed.

Prayer five times a day is a duty and a matter of conscience for every Muslim. But, in life there are situations when a believer misses prayer unintentionally or forcedly. People who converted to Islam often ask questions about what to do if I miss prayers, is it possible to make up for prayer, how to do it right? Most reputable Islamic theologians confirm the need to make up for prayer missed for a valid Sharia reason. In some cases, believers may skip prayer and not make up for it, and there will be no sin on them.

To get started, we suggest you watch a video on the topic “Missed prayers (kaza)”:

Is it possible to postpone or skip prayer?

To transfer prayer to another time of day intentionally (consciously) without a good reason is unacceptable and is considered a sin. If the time for prayer has come, but the believer does not have the opportunity to perform it immediately, he prays as soon as he can. Such situations sometimes happen on the way, at a doctor's appointment, at work, on the street, if there is no mosque nearby or a person needs ablution, but there is nowhere to do it.

The believer must perform the next prayer in the appropriate period of time (before the next one). Allah Almighty ﷻ has determined the time for worship, “Verily, prayer is prescribed for the believers at a certain time” (an-Nasai 4: 103). For this, the following conditions must be met:

• he is not physically limited;
• is in the right place;
• nothing threatens his life;
• people dependent on his actions (sick, old people, children) are safe;
• his body and clothes are not defiled, or it is possible to perform a ritual bath, change clothes.

In what cases can you skip prayer?

• during hostilities;
• during natural disasters, snowfalls, rains;
• if necessary, help a woman in labor or save another person;
• on my way;
• if a person inadvertently forgot or overslept;
• when a Muslim is surrounded by infidels;
• due to illness.

Jaber's testimony:

“Omar ibn al-Khattab, on the day of the battle at the Moat, after sunset, said: “O Messenger of Allah, as soon as I prayed Asr, the sun began to set.” To which the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ replied: “By Allah, I have not yet prayed Asr.” After that, they, together with the Prophet Muhammad, performed Asr after sunset, and then Maghrib. (al-Bukhari 598, Muslim 209).

The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, answering the question of the believers, is there a sin on them when they wake up the night prayer, said the following:

“Verily, there is no intentional bad deed done in a dream. Man consciously sins only when he is awake. Whoever has forgotten or overslept, his atonement will be the performance of a prayer as soon as he remembers it ”(Muslim 1/477).

During any journey or in case of danger, it is allowed to shorten the prayer. This is what Allah says in the Surah of the Woman. Also, there is no sin on the one who, under compulsion, missed the prayer:

“When you wander the earth, then there will be no sin on you if you shorten some of the prayers, if you are afraid of temptation from the disbelievers. Verily, the unbelievers are your open enemies." (An-Nisa, verse 101 out of 176).

A bonded person has an excuse before the Almighty if he misses prayer due to compulsion. There is no disagreement among scholars on this issue. (Al-Majmu 3/67).

When should two prayers be combined?

• on the road;
• during the Hajj on the day of Arafah.

Islamic scholars have come to an agreement that on long journeys or hikes over a distance of more than 80 km, they combine zuhoor and asr, and maghrib and isha. Instead of four rak'ahs of each, only two are performed. Their decision is based on the hadiths of Jaber: the prophet Muhammad ﷺ during the hajj on Mount Arafat “He prayed zuhoor and then asr”, and in the Muzdalifa valley “He prayed maghrib and isha, with two rak'ahs, and nothing in between” (Muslim).

It is permissible to perform prayers both before the next time (takdim, which means early in translation), and after (taakhir, which means after the deadline).

How to make up for a missed prayer?

If a Muslim forcedly or accidentally missed a prayer, he must make up for it by performing a kaza-namaz after the next prayer at any allowed time. Islamic scholars agreed that missed prayers should be made up while maintaining their sequence. (al-Mugni 1/607, Naylul-autar 2/36). It is forbidden to pray during sunrise, when the sun is at its zenith, and at sunset. Reimbursement of prayers in the wrong order due to ignorance should not be corrected, because ignorance is an excuse. This opinion was held by Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah. (al-Insaf 1/445) and other scholars.

Replenishment rules

• if a person missed the morning prayer unintentionally, he performs it immediately after waking up, but only after sunrise;
• if a believer comes to the mosque during the call to the next prayer, he joins the worshipers and first performs the prayer, the time of which has come, and after it the kaza;
• if a person prays alone, first he performs a qaza prayer, and then the next one;
• when there is little time left to read the prayers in the correct sequence, you must first do the prayer, the time of which is coming to an end, so as not to miss it;
• if all prayers are forced to be missed, except for the last one, the believer performs all five in turn until the end of the time of the last night prayer (isha);
• if five prayers are missed per day, you can make up for them the next day by reading namaz and kaza in turn;
• the missed isha is made up immediately after waking up, before the morning prayer.

Is a person who missed a prayer for no reason obliged to make up for it?

Most scholars believed that Muslims are obliged to make up prayers missed without a reason permitted by Sharia. However, this opinion is not supported by arguments from the Qur'an and Sunnah. Many of the first Islamic scholars, and later followers, believed that prayers missed without a legitimate reason were not made up. Instead, a Muslim should repent of his sin and return to the timely daily ritual.

Companions Omar ibn al-Khattab, Saad ibn Abu Waqqas, Ibn Mas'ud, Salman al-Farisi spoke about this. Imam Ibn Khazim said:

“We are not aware that any of the Companions argued with them.” (al-Muhalla 2/235).

Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taimiya said:

“There is no instruction to make up the prayer for the one who missed it without a legitimate reason, and this prayer is invalid.” The believer should read more additional prayers.”

In what situations is it not necessary to make up for a missed prayer?

There is no need to make up for prayers, the reasons for missing which are as follows:

• being unconscious due to illness or possession by jinn;
• days of menstruation, childbirth and the postpartum period in women;
• prayers missed during the life before the adoption of Islam.

The following hadith is considered authentic:

“The adoption of Islam cleanses from the sins committed earlier” (Ahmad 4/198).

How to pray for people with poor health?

Sick people who are physically unable to perform traditional prayer are allowed to pray mentally, sitting facing the Qibla. If a person’s condition is so difficult that he cannot even sit, the prayer is read lying down, the ritual is performed mentally. You can read information about the sequences of actions during prayer in the article "How to do prayer".

Making up for missed prayers

Omitting the “terrible consequences” on the pretext of not fulfilling prayers, which some unqualified and categorically minded individuals rant about, let us turn to the essence of the issue, leaving behind each person the right to choose, function and answer independently for adherence to the postulates of religious practice or its complete absence.

Completing a prayer (qada’), which is not ideal in a timely manner at the time allotted for it, is as mandatory as the rigor in the performance of the five fard prayers. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever forgets about the [obligatory] prayer, let him perform it at the time when he finds it in his memory. There is no atonement for sin (kyaffar) on him, except for how it is [that is, there is a missed prayer, albeit belatedly]” / 1 /. In the set of hadiths, Muslim also speaks of the one who missed the prayer, and al-Nasai - of the one who missed it out of negligence / 2 /.

Based on the theological postulate "the degree of relaxation depends on the degree of complexity and compulsion", any situation that is associated with the difficulty of performing the necessary prayers /3/. considered personally.

And if the observance of prayer practice is so unrealistic, then, when the opportunity appears, replenishment is needed, since the necessary prayer is a person’s duty to Allah. Religion is given to man not to burden his life, but to ease it. Almighty Omniscient.

How great is His mercy, so just is His punishment.

Nuances on the topic

1. Enough to make up for not ideal timely prayers Theologians have no disagreements. For ease, a person can make an intention (niyat) to systematically make prayers missed for the whole period, at a time when he did not pray, and with each necessary prayer, perform one replenished / 4 /. Only fard rak'yaats are replenished. If we compare the significance of the fards of missed prayers with the sunnah of prayers done on time, then the first will be much more serious and weighty.

Of course, the best is the performance of a full daily prayer (fard and sunnah), after that - replenished fards. As for the question of whether to perform the completed prayers before or after the end of today's prayers, then, taking into account the second canonical provisions, it is necessary to perform the completed prayers before the morning, before or after the end of the noon, before the afternoon, after the end of the evening and before or after the end of the night prayers .

It is allowed to perform replenished prayers together with the second prayers (jama‘at) / 5 /.

2. If a person performed a prayer, believing that he was looking at it on time, and later it became known that its time had expired, then there is no need to re-read the ideal prayer-prayer. This is the conclusion as scholars of the Shafi'i madhhab. and Hanafi theologians /6/.

3. It is better and more accurate from the point of view of the Sunnah to make a missed prayer right away when the opportunity appears /7/.

There are references in scientific works that the best time for prayer is just its time period in days, but this applies to the case when a person held out a prayer that was not ideal in time right up to the next day or at a time when him a large number of necessary debt prayers, which he replenishes slowly. In the latter situation, it is better if he fulfills debts together with timely ones: morning with morning, noon with noon, etc., despite the fact that he can also at any second time that is permissible for prayer.

4. If a person performs a couple of missed prayers in a row, then it will be correct and correct to read the adhan and iqamah before the first prayer and read only the iqamat before each of the subsequent ones. This conclusion is the most common among theologians of all four madhhabs /8/. It is fundamentally important to note that the reading of adhan and iqamah

both before timely and before debt prayers there is a sunnah, then there is a desirable, laudable action.

5. All scholars, except for the Shafi'i theologians, speak of the obligatory (wujub) performance of several missed prayers in a simple sequence for them. The Shafiites talk about the desirability (sunnah) /9/. Of course, this applies to those cases at a time when there is no fear that during the time of committing the missed ones, the time period of the one that is timely at that moment will end.

It is possible to make up for missed prayers at any time, with the exception of the forbidden time intervals during which the prayer is not performed.

Who is obligated to pay and who is not

1. A person who has consciously become a Muslim is not obliged to make up for anything from the past. The only thing is, if, for example, having converted to Islam, he did not immediately begin to do the necessary prayer or missed the necessary fast, then all this needs to be made up.

2. If a person was completely non-believer, but from among “ethnic Muslims”, then, having started performing religious practice, he is the same as a neophyte /10/. does not restore anything.

3. In the case, at a time when a person was a carrier of the postulates of faith, but did not perform religious practice, everything must be replenished, starting from puberty.

The combination of debt prayers with additional

According to the point of view of Shafi'i theologians, with the collective performance of additional prayers, for example, "Tarawih", a person, with the appropriate intention, can make up for his own debt prayers. They are sure that the main thing in this matter is the similarity of the form of prayer-prayer. That is, for example, a simple necessary (fard) prayer-prayer can be performed with an additional prayer (sunnah) together (collectively), regardless of who does what. Any of the worshipers pronounce the intention for their own prayer /11/.

Scholars of the Hanafi madhhab said that the one who performs the sunnah (additional prayer) can join the one who does the fard (necessary), but the one who performs the fard cannot join the one doing the sunnah /12/.

The Tarawih prayer is an additional prayer (sunnah), based on this, according to the point of view of the Hanafi theologians, standing behind the imam performing the Tarawih prayer, it is possible to make an intention for any additional, but not for the necessary prayer (fard).

As for the practical side, both opinions are justified, based on this, it is necessary to act according to the situation and in accordance with the opinion of that group of researchers (that is, according to the madhhab), the conclusions of which a person follows in everyday religious practice.

The Traveler and Replenished Prayers

Since there is no unequivocal answer to this question in the Sunnah and the Koran, Islamic theologians used indirect argumentation, as a result of which, depending on what was reprimanded, two main opinions appeared.

The theologians of the Hanafi madhhab, and with them the scholars of the Maliki, thought that the prayer was filled in the way it was missed. That is, at the time when a person missed it, being in the position of a traveler, he will be obliged to make up for it just in an abbreviated form, even if at the moment he is already at the place of permanent residence. If he decides to make up for the prayer on the way, which was missed while he was at the place of permanent residence, then the four rak'ahs are also replenished by him in four rak'yaats.

The theologians of the Shafi'i and Hanbali madhhabs, in their own conclusion, reprimanded precisely at the time and place of the performed prayer. The state in which it was passed is not taken into account by them. It is fundamentally important what is the position of the one who replenishes it at the time of the prayer.

If he is a traveler, then he makes up for the four-rak'yat prayer, missed at the place of permanent residence, in two rak'yats. At the time when the prayer was missed on the way, and is already replenished at home, then the four rak'yats remain four rak'yats / 13 /.

21:45 2016

How to perform prayers missed for a good reason

On the need to follow the sequence when performing several prayers missed for an acceptable Sharia reason.

Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “Umar ibn al-Khattab came during the battle of the Ditch after sunset and began to scold the infidels-Quraish, then said:“ O Messenger of Allah, I had hardly finished the afternoon ('asr) prayer as the sun began to sink below the horizon!” And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “I swear by Allah, but I did not commit it at all!” Then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and we took a bath and performed the afternoon (‘asr) prayer when the sun had already set, and then the evening (maghrib).” al-Bukhari 598, Muslim 209. This opinion, that prayers should be compensated, observing their sequence, was preferred by the majority of scholars. See “al-Mughni” 1/607, “Nailul-Autar” 2/36.

If a person, not knowing this, compensated the prayers out of order, then he should not redo anything, since ignorance is an excuse. The Hanafis spoke about this and this opinion was preferred by Sheikh-ul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah. See “al-Insaf” 1/445. In what cases can untimely prayer be justified

If a person overslept or forgot to pray

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever forgot about the prayer or overslept it, then the atonement for this will be the performance of this prayer as soon as he remembers it.” Muslim 1/477.

A person should make every effort not to wake up prayers. And if a person knows that in five minutes the time for prayer will come, then he should not go to bed!

Scientists also said that if a person set the alarm, for example, at 8 o'clock, knowing that the time of the morning prayer comes out at 6 o'clock, then he is regarded as the one who deliberately left the prayer, for which reason he fell into disbelief! Sheikh Ibn Baz and Sheikh Ahmad al-Najmi said something similar.

Not praying due to coercion

A forced person has justification before Allah, in which there is no disagreement among scholars. See al-Majmu’ 3/67, al-Ashbah wa-nazair 208.

Fears for one's life when something threatens the one who prays

It is reported from Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the situation became more complicated during the battle of Tustar, the companions missed the morning prayer and performed it only after sunrise. al-Bukhari 2/172. See also “al-Muhalla” 2/244 “Nailul-autar” 2/36, “Sharhul-mumti’” 2/23. Should a prayer be missed without a reason acceptable by Sharia?

There is no doubt about the greatness of the sin of one who deliberately missed the time allotted for prayer, without a Sharia reason. Among the scientists there were those who even considered such a person to be unfaithful. Hafiz Ibn 'Abdul-Barr said: "Ibrahim an-Nakha'i, al-Hakam ibn 'Utayba, Ayyub as-Sahtiyani, 'Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak, Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Ishaq ibn Rahawayh said that the one who leaves knowingly one prayer and does not perform it without a reason at the appointed time, and refuses to reimburse it, and says: “I will not perform prayer!”, that unbeliever, whose property and blood become lawful! If he repents and begins to pray again, then his repentance is accepted, otherwise he will be executed and not inherited from him! See al-Istizkar 2/149.

Ibn ‘Abdul-Barr also said: “The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Rulers will appear after me who will skip the time of prayer. Therefore, you pray on time, and after them do a voluntary prayer!” Muslim 2/127. Scholars have said that this hadeeth is evidence that these rulers do not become infidels by deliberately missing the times set aside for prayers. And if they became unfaithful for this reason, then the prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) would not have commanded to pray for them!” See “at-Tamhid” 4/234. However, the question is this: Is a person obligated to make up for it if he misses prayer for no reason?

Most scholars and imams of the four madhhabs believed that a person who missed a prayer for no reason must certainly make up for it. However, this opinion is not based on direct arguments from the Qur'an and Sunnah, but is based on an analogy with some hadiths.

Note: Here it should be noted that the Sharia provision is not always based on a direct indication from the Koran or the Sunnah. There are many cases where it follows from circumstantial evidence. For example, in Islam there is no direct indication of the prohibition of the joint stay of strangers to each other men and women (ikhtilat), however, there are many indications in the Koran and Sunnah, from which the prohibition of this is extracted. Thus, Allah Almighty said: "Remain in your homes and do not dress up as you dressed up in the days of the first ignorance!"(al-Ahzab 33:33).

Imam Ibn Batta said: “It is known that prayers have their own time, and the one who performs a prayer before the onset of her time will not be accepted by him, just like the one who performs it after the end of her time!” See Fathul Bari 5/147, Ibn Rajab.

Imam al-Barbahari said: “Allah will not accept obligatory prayers, except for those performed in due time, except for the one who forgot, for he has an excuse and performs a prayer as soon as he remembers it!” See. Fathul Bari 5/148.

Sheikh al-Albani said: “The words of those who consider it obligatory to make up for a prayer missed knowingly without an acceptable reason do not rely on evidence. Compensation for such a prayer does not make sense, since performing a prayer outside of its time is like performing a prayer before its time. It makes no difference!" See as-Silsila ad-da'ifa 3/414 and as-Silsila as-sahiha 1/682. Thus, we see that the statement that there is a unanimous opinion (ijma’) on this issue is not true, just as it is not true that it was the opinion of Ibn Hazm alone.

The opinion of scientists who do not recognize the completion of such prayers is the most correct for several reasons:

Firstly, Allah Almighty has set a specific time for each prayer, saying: "Indeed, prayer is prescribed for the believers at a certain time"(an-Nasa'i 4:103).

Secondly, there are no orders from Allah or His prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) indicating the need to make up for a prayer missed for no reason. As for the comparison with someone who overslept or forgot, this analogy is incorrect, because for someone who overslept or forgot to make a prayer, its fulfillment is a full atonement, while for someone who missed a prayer for no reason, its completion will no longer be atonement.

Thirdly, if the one who missed it without a reason was also obliged to reimburse the prayer, then what is the point of the prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to associate its reimbursement with such reasons as forgetfulness or sleep ?!

Fourth, the issue of compensation and atonement refers to the decrees of Sharia, where it is not allowed to oblige anyone with anything other than what Allah and His prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) obligated. After all, there is no text indicating a similar type of worship as making up for prayers missed without a reason, and Allah said: “And your Lord does not forget!”(Maryam 19:64).

Fifth, the question of reimbursable prayer outside of its time is connected not only with redemption, but also with whether such prayer is even valid. After all, the fulfillment of prayer refers to worship, and it is known that any worship is basically forbidden and invalid, except for what the Shariah indicated.

Can those who oblige to perform a prayer missed without a Sharia reason be able to say that Allah or His prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) obliged this prayer?! Certainly not, because there is no order for this either in the Qur'an or in the Sunnah! If they say that Allah did not oblige this prayer, but it needs to be compensated, just in case, then I would like to pay attention to this, since many scientists disagree with such an argument. And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever brings into our cause (religion) that which has nothing to do with it, it will be rejected!” Muslim 1/224.

After all, how many Muslims have fallen into error, relying on the opinion that a prayer missed for no reason can be made up! And how many Muslims, for unknown reasons, do not perform the five prayers on time, and then, at night, make up in order almost all five prayers missed during the day, thinking that by doing so they atoned for their sin!

The same is the case with those who, being a Muslim, have abandoned prayers and have not performed them consciously for several years. He should not make up for them, but should bring sincere repentance for such a great sin! If, as has already been said, even one prayer missed for no reason is not compensated, then it is natural that prayers missed for a long period are not made up all the more. See “Sahih fiqhu-Ssunna” 1/260. Also, some Muslims order a person who converted to Islam to reimburse all the prayers that he had to perform when he came of age. This is an excess and a complication of religion, which Allah has made easy for His servants by saying: "And He has made no difficulty for you in religion"(al-Hajj 22:78). After all, such a statement is not only not based on any argument, but it can also push a repentant person away from Islam! This opinion has no basis, and there were no reports that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) reimbursed himself or ordered his companions to fill prayers, but rather said: “The adoption of Islam erases all the sins that were before him." Ahmad 4/198. Sheikh al-Albani called the hadeeth authentic.

Imam Ibn Nasr al-Maruazi said: “Muslims did not disagree that the prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) did not oblige any of the infidels who converted to Islam to compensate for any of the obligatory prescriptions!” See “Ta’zymu qadri-ssala” 1/186. And as for the Muslims who missed the prayer knowingly without a good reason, here is what the scholars say.

Shaykhul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah said: “Reimbursement of prayer for the one who missed it without a reason is not legal, and this (reimbursed) prayer is invalid! He should offer more voluntary prayers (as a form of repentance), and this is the opinion of the salaf group!” See al-Ikhtiyarat 34.

The time for those prayers and fasts is gone. You just need to do a SINCERE REPENTANCE and not go back to it, make up for lost time by doing voluntary (optional) worship. And correct sincere repentance erases the past sin. The conditions for such repentance are:

• regret, feel remorse, annoyance and sadness about the sin committed;

• Cease and refrain from committing sin;

• Have a firm intention and resolve not to return to such misdeeds.

You should not continue to give up prayer or fasting, except for a reason acceptable by the Shari'ah. Regarding leaving prayer without a Sharia reason, according to a more correct opinion, such a prayer cannot be compensated or redeemed - and salvation is in REPENTANCE.

And may Allah protect us from such actions!

To read the prayer, it is necessary to perform certain actions with the body. Namaz, everyone should perform for himself. Namaz performed at the right time is called - Ada. A prayer re-read for any reason (for example, it was performed incorrectly, or with any mistakes), even if it was performed at its own time, or after the release of its time, is called - Iade.

Replenishment of those not read on time; "Farzov" and "Wajibov" are called, "Perform kaza." Performing daily five-fold prayers, as well as performing “kaza”, it is necessary to follow all the rules. The one who does not have debts for more than five prayers is called "Possessor of Order". Fard of Friday prayer, you need to read during the Zuhr prayer. The one who missed the morning prayer, if you remember this even during the khutba, will have to immediately make a “kaza”. Until any prayer is performed, the next five prayers cannot be performed. It is said in the hadith: “He who overslept the time of prayer, or who forgot about it, if he remembers it during prayer after the imam, must finish the prayer after the imam. Then read the missed prayer. Then let him re-read the prayer read after the imam. .

Making up the missed obligatory prayers is fard. Replenishment of wajibs is wajib. It is not necessary to fill in the sunnah. The unanimous opinion of the scholars of the Hanafi madhhab is as follows: “The Sunnats were ordered to be read only in due time. Sunnats, imperfect in time, do not remain in debt on a Muslim. Therefore, it was said that after the passage of time, the sunnats are not replenished. But the sunnah of Ssubh prayer is more like wajib. Therefore, it must be restored before the Zuhr prayer, along with the fard of the morning prayer. If the sunnah of Ssubha was overdue until the time when the Zuhr prayer was already read, then it is no longer necessary to restore it, like the rest of the overdue sunnats. Having made up for the missed sunnah, you will no longer receive a reward for it, sawabs. Will be read as additional, - nafilya- prayer. In the book " İbni Âbidîn" In chapter " Tergîb-üs-salât”, (Targib-us-salat) on p. 162, it says: ““ Sunnats can be read while sitting, without Uzr for that. Not doing them at all is a sin. Farzas can also be read while sitting, but only if there is Uzr, (good reason) "".

It is a great sin not to perform fard prayer without any reason. Such prayers need to be replenished. Farzas and wajibs can be left on Qaz only if there are two reasons. First, stand in the face of the enemy. Second, the danger awaiting the traveler (even if the intention to be on the road is less than three days), in the form of a robber, a wild beast, a mudflow, a storm, a storm. If you find yourself in such a situation, you can pray in any direction. Can read namaz, standing in front of the beast, and doing namaz with gestures. If it is not possible to do this, then you can leave prayer for Qaz. Leaving prayer for Qaz for these two reasons, and leaving it because of forgetfulness or sleep, is not a sin.

In the book "Ashbah", it is said: "" Busy saving a drowning person, or one who has fallen into another similar situation, and as a result of this he missed the prayer, he will read the prayer after "". That is, when a good reason for Uzr ends, you need to make up for the missed prayers. It is possible to delay the performance of fards, except for three times: when to read prayers Haram; to provide food for their children; with the intention of reading in my spare time. Postponing to an even later time will begin to lead to sin. Because our prophet (sallallahu alayhi wassalam) and his sahabah, in the battle " Handak”, despite mortal fatigue and severe injuries, made up for the missed prayers on the same night. Our beloved Prophet (PBUH) said: To bring two fard prayers closer to each other is a great sin". That is, not to read during one prayer, to read it during another prayer, is the biggest sin. It is said in the hadith: Whoever reads the prayer after the time has passed, Allah Almighty will send to Hell for 80 hukba". One hukba is equal to 80 years in the next world. One day in the next world is equal to 1000 years in our world. You need to think, if this is the punishment for one missed prayer, then what will be the punishment for the one who does not perform prayer at all.

Our Prophet said (PBUH): “Namaz, the pillar of religions. Prayer strengthens Islam. Whoever does not pray destroys Islam.” . Another Hadith Sharif says: “On the Day of Judgment, first of all, it will be asked for the faith of a person. The second question will be whether the person performed namaz” . Allah Almighty said: "Oh my slave! If you are saved after asking questions about prayer, you are saved. I'll make it easy for you". In the 45th verse of the sura "Ankebut", says: « , and fulfill the prayer, because prayer protects from filth and evil ". Our Prophet (PBUH) said: “Most of all, a person approaches his Lord during prayer” .

Failure to perform prayer at the right time is of two types: 1 - For a good reason. 2 - Knowing that prayer is an order from above, do not perform it out of laziness.

A Muslim commits a great sin by leaving prayer without a good reason and performing it after the end of the time. This is haram. This sin is not forgiven, even after reading the prayer at another time. After performing the Qaz of this prayer, the sin for not performing the prayer is forgiven. This sin is not forgiven unless you repent. If you repent after committing Qaz, then you can hope for forgiveness. Having repented, you need to make up for the missed prayers. The one who has the strength to make up for the missed prayers will not do this, he will commit a special sin. This sin will begin to increase every six minutes of free time (6 minutes is enough time to read one prayer). Because, a Muslim, he must make up for missed prayers as soon as free time falls out. Those who did not attach importance to making up for the missed prayers will be rewarded with eternal fire. In books « Umdet-ul-islam» and « Cami'-ul fetavva» it is said: "If you refuse to commit fard on the battlefield, having the opportunity to do so, then this is like committing 700 major sins." Postponing "Kaz" is an even greater sin than prayer not performed on time. As soon as one intends and performs "Kaza", the sin for not performing the prayer is immediately forgiven.

IS IT POSSIBLE FOR THE PLACE OF THE SUNNAH TO MAKE "KAZA"

In the book of Seyid Abdulkadir Geylani « Futûh-ul gayb» (Futuh-ul ghayb) it is said: “ The believer, first of all, must perform fards. After the end of the farz, he must read the sunnah. After that, he can read nafila (additional) prayers. Reading the sunnah while having farz debts is a big stupidity". In a hadith narrated from Ali bin Abu Talib (radiallahu ankh) it is said: “The one who reads nafila tries in vain when he has debts for farzes. Until he repays his farz debts, his nafilah prayers will not be accepted.”

The scholar of the Hanafi madhhab Abdulhak Dehlavi, explaining this hadith given by Abdulqadir Geylani, said: “This hadith says that sunnats and nafila prayers will not be accepted as long as there are debts for farzes. We know that the sunnah is complemented by the fards. The meaning of this is that if, when making a fard, a mistake was made that could cause the fard not to be accepted, then the sunnahs made then make up for the place of these errors, thereby causing the acceptance of fards. And the fulfillment of the Sunnah by one who has debts for fards does not bring any benefit.

The Sharia judge of Jerusalem, Mohammed Siddiq Efendi, explaining the completion of prayers ""faita"" said: "" The great scholar Ibni Nujaym was asked, - If a person has debts for prayers, and during the morning, lunch, afternoon, evening and night prayers, he will read the sunnah of these prayers with the intention of making up for the missed fards, then will it not work out like this, that he rejected these sunnah. He replied that the Sunnats would not be rejected by this. Because the performance of the sunnah of five prayers is the performance of one more prayer, in addition to the fard. The desire of the shaitan is such that prayers are not performed at all. We, in addition to fard, perform one more prayer, thereby humiliating the shaitan. By performing Qaza of Fard during the Sunnah, the Sunnah is also performed. The one who has “Kaza” during any prayer, other prayers except farz, must make up for the missed prayer in order to get rid of the debt of unread fard. This is how the sunnats are performed. Because, instead of reading “Kaza”, many people read the sunnah. These will go to Hell. Well, those who, instead of the sunnah, read fards, will be saved from Hell "".

HOW TO MAKE "KAZA". COMPENSATION OF MISSED Prayers

It is necessary to make up for the missed prayer as soon as possible and thereby avoid the inevitable heavy punishment. For this, the sunnah must also be read with the intention of repaying the fard prayer. Those who did not perform prayers out of laziness, those who have several years of missed prayers, when they begin to constantly perform prayers, read the sunnah with the intention of making up for the first missed fard prayer. In all four madhhabs, the sunnah is allowed to be read with the intention of making up for the missed fard. According to the Hanafi madhhab, leaving prayers on “Kaza” without good reason is a great sin (Akbar-i Kabair). And this sin is growing and growing, exponentially, with every free minute when a person could perform namaz. Because the missed prayer should be performed as soon as a free minute is issued.

To get rid of uncountable suffering, you need to read the first sunnah of the "Zuhr" prayer with the intention to make up for the first missed "Zuhr" prayer. Two rak'ahs of the sunnah after midday fard, read with the intention to make up for the first missed "Ssubh" prayer. Four rak'ahs of the Sunnah "Asr" are read with the intention of making up for the first missed "Asr". Sunnah ""Maghrib"", with the intention to compensate for the missed ""Maghrib"". During the first Sunnah "Ishaa", read the missing "Ishaa". The second sunnah is to read with the intention of making up for the missed prayer. Thus, missed prayers for one day are compensated. How many years prayer has not been performed, so many years must be compensated. Reimbursement also needs to be brought closer by reading missed prayers in your free time. The fact that, for imperfect prayers, sin increases exponentially, we said above.