The reservoir belongs to which water body. Amazing natural sites. Seas and oceans

SUBJECT OF HYDROLOGY, RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER SCIENCES

Hydrology(literally - the science of water) deals with the study of natural waters, the phenomena and processes that occur in them, as well as those that determine the distribution of water across earth's surface and in the thickness of soils, the patterns according to which these phenomena and processes develop.

Hydrology refers to a set of sciences that study physical properties The Earth, in particular its hydrosphere. Subject of study of hydrology are water bodies: oceans, seas, rivers, lakes and reservoirs, swamps and accumulations of moisture in the form of snow cover, glaciers, soil and groundwater.

A comprehensive study of hydrological processes should include, on the one hand, the study of water as an element of the geographical landscape, and on the other, the establishment of physical laws that govern hydrological processes. The waters of the Earth's surface (oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, swamps, glaciers), its air shell (atmosphere) and those located in the earth's crust are closely interconnected. Therefore, a number of issues related to the activity of water on the globe are simultaneously considered by hydrology, meteorology, geology, soil science, geomorphology, geography and other sciences that study the atmosphere and lithosphere. Hydrological studies make extensive use of findings from physics, hydraulics and fluid dynamics. Since the processes occurring in the seas and oceans differ significantly from the processes occurring in rivers, lakes and swamps, this determines the difference in the methods of their research and allows us to distinguish sea ​​hydrology And land hydrology. Marine hydrology is more often called oceanology or oceanography, reserving the term “hydrology” for land hydrology. Depending on the objects studies can be distinguished:

1) river hydrology;

2) hydrology of lakes;

3) hydrology of swamps;

4) groundwater hydrology;

5) glacier hydrology.

According to research methods, land hydrology includes:

1) hydrography, giving general description water bodies (geographical position, sizes, mode, local conditions);

2) hydrometry, which studies methods for determining and measuring the characteristics of water bodies;

3) general hydrology, which studies the physical essence and patterns of hydrological phenomena;

4) engineering hydrology, which develops methods for hydrological forecasts and calculations of the characteristics of the hydrological regime.

Engineering hydrology- hydrology section:

Dealing with methods of calculation and forecasting of hydrological regimes; And

Connected with practical application hydrology in solving engineering problems.

FROM THE HISTORY OF HYDROLOGY

The name of the science of water - hydrology - is formed from two Greek words: “hydro” - water and “logos” - knowledge, science.

The first rudiments of hydrology appeared at the dawn of human history, about 6000 years ago, in Ancient Egypt. While in the territory modern Finland and Karelia, perhaps in some places the remnants of the ice of the last glaciation period were still melting, the Egyptian priests made simple hydrological observations - they noted the water levels on the rocks 400 km above Aswan during periods of the annual floods of the Nile. Later, in Ancient Egypt, a whole network (about 30) of “hydrological” posts on the Lower Nile, the so-called nilomeres, was created. Some nilomeres were rich architectural structures: marble wells in the riverbed with a beautifully decorated stone column in the middle, on which the height of the flood was marked. The longest series of hydrological observations in the world has been preserved - for 1250 years - from one of these nilometers, located on the island of Roda near Cairo. Based on the height of the water level during the Nile flood, the priests determined the future harvest and assigned taxes in advance.

However, it took several millennia for hydrology, which began with observations of the Nile floods, to develop into an independent scientific discipline. An important milestone in the history of the development of hydrology was the end of the 17th century. The French scientist P. Perrault, and after him E. Marriott, having measured the amount of precipitation and runoff in the Upper Seine basin, established quantitative relationships the main elements of the water balance of the river basin - precipitation and runoff, refuting the fantastic ideas that prevailed at that time about the origin of rivers, springs and groundwater. During the same period, the English astronomer E. Halley, based on experiments on measuring evaporation, showed by example Mediterranean Sea that evaporation from the sea surface significantly exceeds inflow river waters into it, and thereby “closed” the circuit of the water cycle on the globe.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) celebrated the tricentenary of scientific hydrology at the international hydrological conference in Paris in 1974, coinciding this anniversary with the tricentennial anniversary of the publication of P. Perrault’s book “On the Origin of Sources” (Paris, 1674), in which the author presents the results of his calculations of water balance.

ROLE OF WATER IN NATURE

Water is a universal substance, without which life is impossible; it is an indispensable component of all living things. Plants contain up to 90% water, and the adult body contains about 70%. Biologists sometimes joke that water “invented” man as a means of transportation.

Almost all biochemical reactions in every living cell are reactions in aqueous solutions. Most technological processes take place in solutions (mainly aqueous) at chemical industry enterprises, in the production of medicines and food products. And in metallurgy, water is extremely important, and not only for cooling. It is no coincidence that hydrometallurgy - the extraction of metals from ores and concentrates using solutions of various reagents - has become an important industry.

Water forms oceans, seas, rivers and lakes. Much water exists as a gaseous vapor in the atmosphere; it lies in the form of huge masses of snow and ice all year round on the peaks high mountains and in polar countries. Hard water - snow and ice - covers 20% of the land. In the bowels of the earth there is also water that saturates the soil and rocks. General reserves water on Earth is 1454.3 million cubic meters. km (of which less than 2% is fresh water, and 0.3% is available for use). The climate of the planet depends on water. Geophysicists claim that the Earth would have cooled long ago and turned into a lifeless piece of stone if it were not for water. It has a very high heat capacity.

When heated, it absorbs heat; cooling down, he gives it away. Earth's water both absorbs and returns a lot of heat and thereby “evens out” the climate. And the water molecules that are scattered in the atmosphere - in clouds and in the form of vapor - protect the Earth from cosmic cold.

Natural water is never completely pure. Rainwater is the purest, but it also contains small amounts of various impurities that it absorbs from the air. The amount of impurities in fresh waters usually ranges from 0.01 to 0.1% (wt.). Sea water contains 3.5% (wt.) of dissolved substances, the main mass of which is sodium chloride (table salt).

Surface water is mainly concentrated in the ocean, containing 1 billion 375 million cubic meters. km - about 98% of all water on Earth. The ocean surface (water area) is 361 million square meters. km. It is approximately 2.4 times larger than the land area of ​​the territory, occupying 149 million square meters. km.

WATER BODIES AND THEIR TYPES

WATER OBJECT- a natural or artificial reservoir, watercourse or other object in which water is permanently or temporarily concentrated.

That is, a water body is a natural or man-made formation with a permanent or temporary accumulation of water. The accumulation of water can be both in relief forms and in the subsoil.

Reservoirs– accumulations of water in depressions of the earth’s surface. The basin and the water filling it represent the only natural complex, which is characterized by slow water movement. This group of water bodies includes oceans, seas, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and swamps.

Watercourses– accumulations of water in relatively narrow and shallow depressions on the Earth’s surface with forward movement of water in the direction of the slope of this depression. This group of water bodies includes rivers, streams, and canals. They can be permanent (with water flowing all year round) or temporary (drying out, freezing).

Special water bodies – glaciers (moving natural accumulations of ice) and The groundwater .

Water on Earth is in liquid, solid and vapor states; it is included in aquifers and artesian pools.

Water bodies have catchment area - part of the earth's surface or soil thickness and rocks, from where water flows to a specific water body. The boundary between neighboring watersheds is called watershed . In nature, watersheds usually delimit bodies of water on land, mainly river systems.

Each water body belonging to one group or another is characterized by its own characteristics of natural conditions. They change in space and time under the influence of physical and geographical factors, primarily climatic factors. Regular changes in the state of water bodies that collectively form the hydrosphere are reflected in it to one degree or another.

Distinguish surface water bodies , consisting of surface waters and the lands covered by them within the coastline, and underground water bodies .

There are also such natural formations of a transitional nature, which do not have the characteristics of a water body, but have the “possibility” of harmful effects. An example of such formations are, in particular, “breathing” lakes. The essence of the phenomenon lies in the unexpected and rapid (sometimes in one night) appearance and disappearance " big water» in relief depressions, swampy and meadow lowlands (sometimes with an area of ​​up to 20 km2).

"Breathing" lakes are observed in Leningrad region, Prionezhye, in the Novgorod region, Arkhangelsk region, in the Vologda region, in Dagestan. Suddenly appearing near settlements and various communications of the lake flood them.

Surface water bodies include: seas, rivers, streams, canals, lakes, flooded quarries, ponds, reservoirs, swamps, glaciers, snowfields, springs, geysers.

Groundwater bodies include groundwater basins and aquifers.

Water bodies are divided into types:

Public use - publicly accessible surface water bodies that are in state or municipal ownership (Article 6 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation).

Specially protected water bodies (or parts thereof) that have special environmental, scientific, cultural, as well as aesthetic, recreational and health value. Their list is determined by the legislation on specially protected natural areas(Article 66 of the RF CC).

Accumulations of natural waters on and also in top layer are called water bodies. They have a hydrological regime and participate in the water cycle in nature. The planet's hydrosphere consists mainly of them.

Groups

Structure, hydrological features and environmental conditions divide water bodies into three groups: reservoirs, watercourses and water structures special type. Watercourses are streams, that is, water located in depressions on the Earth's surface, where the movement is forward, downhill. Reservoirs are located where the earth's surface is low and the movement of water is slow compared to drains. These are swamps, ponds, reservoirs, lakes, seas, oceans.

Special water bodies are mountain and cover glaciers, as well as all groundwater (artesian basins, aquifers). Ponds and drains can be temporary (drying up) or permanent. Most water bodies have a catchment area - this is that part of the thickness of soils, rocks and soils that release the water they contain to the ocean, sea, lake or river. A watershed is determined along the border of adjacent watersheds, which can be underground or surface (orographic).

Hydrographic network

Watercourses and reservoirs in the aggregate, contained within a certain certain territory, are a hydrographic network. However, most often the glaciers located here are not taken into account, and this is wrong. It is necessary to consider absolutely the entire list of water bodies that are located on the earth’s surface of a given territory as a hydrographic network.

Rivers, streams, canals, being part of the hydrographic network, that is, watercourses, are called the channel network. If only large watercourses are present, that is, rivers, this part of the hydrographic network will be called a river network.

Hydrosphere

The hydrosphere is formed by all the natural waters of the Earth. Neither the concept nor its boundaries have yet been defined. According to tradition, it is most often understood as the intermittent water shell of the globe, which is located within earth's crust, including in its thickness, representing the totality of seas and oceans, groundwater and land water resources: glaciers, snow cover, swamps, lakes and rivers. The only things not included in the concept of hydrosphere are atmospheric moisture and water contained in living organisms.

The concept of the hydrosphere is interpreted both broadly and more narrowly. The latter is when the concept of hydrosphere means only those located between the atmosphere and the lithosphere, and in the first case all participants are included global circulation: natural waters planets, and underground, top part the earth's crust, and atmospheric moisture, and water found in living organisms. This is already closer to the concept of “geosphere”, where a rather little studied problem arises of the interpenetration of different geospheres (atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere) - the boundaries of the biosphere, according to Vernadsky.

Water resources of the Earth

The world's water bodies contain approximately 1,388 million cubic kilometers of water, a huge volume spread across all types of water bodies. The world's oceans and the seas that are associated with it are the bulk of the water belonging to the hydrosphere, 96.4 percent total number. In second place are glaciers and snowfields: here are 1.86 percent of all water on the planet. The remaining water bodies received 1.78%, and this is a huge number of rivers, lakes, and swamps.

The most valuable waters are fresh, but there are quite a few of them on the planet: 36,769 thousand cubic kilometers, that is, only 2.65 percent of all planetary water. AND most of, glaciers and snowfields, where more than seventy percent of all fresh water on the ground. Fresh lakes have 91 thousand cubic kilometers of water, a quarter of a percent, fresh groundwater: 10,530 thousand cubic kilometers (28.6%), rivers and reservoirs account for hundredths and thousandths of a percent. There is not much water in swamps, but their area on the planet is huge - 2,682 million square kilometers, that is, more than lakes, and even more so reservoirs.

Hydrological cycle

Absolutely all water objects biological resources are connected with each other indirectly or directly, since they are united by the water cycle on the planet (global hydrological cycle). The main component of the cycle is river flow, which closes the links of the continental and oceanic cycles. The largest has greatest river world - Amazon, her water runoff makes up 18% of the flow of all earthly rivers, that is, 7,280 cubic kilometers per year.

While the mass of water in the global hydrosphere has remained unchanged over the past forty to fifty years, the amount of content of individual water bodies often changes as water is redistributed. With global warming, the melting of both ice caps and mountain glaciers has increased, leaving permafrost, the level of the World Ocean has risen noticeably. The glaciers of Greenland, Antarctica, and the Arctic islands are gradually melting. Water - natural resource, which is able to renew itself because it constantly comes from precipitation, which flow through drainage basins into lakes and rivers, form underground reserves, which are the main sources allowing the use of water bodies.

Usage

The same water is usually used many times and by different users. For example, first she participates in some technological process, after which it enters and then the same water is used by another user. But despite the fact that water is a renewable and reusable source, the use of water bodies does not occur in sufficient quantities, since there is no required amount of fresh water on the planet.

A particular shortage of water resources occurs, for example, during drought or other natural phenomena. The amount of precipitation is decreasing, and it is the main source of renewal of this natural resource. Also reset Wastewater pollutes water bodies; due to the construction of dams, dikes and other structures, the hydrological regime changes, and human needs always exceed the permissible fresh water intake. Therefore, the protection of water bodies is of paramount importance.

Legal aspect

The world's waters are, of course, a useful natural resource of the most important ecological and economic significance. Unlike any minerals, water is absolutely necessary for human life. That's why special meaning It has legal regulation regarding water ownership, use of water bodies, their parts, as well as issues of distribution and protection. Therefore, “water” and “water” are legally different concepts.

Water is nothing more than a compound of oxygen and hydrogen that exists in liquid, gaseous and solid states. Water is absolutely all the water that is found in all water bodies, that is, in its natural state both on the surface of the land, and in the depths, and in any forms of relief of the earth’s crust. The regime for using water bodies is regulated by civil legislation. There is special water legislation that regulates the use of waters located in natural environment and water bodies - water use. Only water that is in the atmosphere and falls in the atmosphere is not isolated or individualized because it is part of the soil composition.

Safety

Safety at water bodies in winter ensures full compliance with the relevant rules. Autumn ice is extremely fragile until stable frosts set in. In the evening and at night it can withstand some load, and during the day it quickly heats up from melt water, which seeps deep into the ice, making the ice porous and weak, despite its thickness. During this period, it causes injuries and even death.

Reservoirs freeze very unevenly, first near the coast, in shallow water, then in the middle. Lakes and ponds where the water is stagnant, and especially if streams do not flow into the reservoir, there is no river bed or underwater springs, freeze faster. The current always inhibits the formation of ice. The safe thickness for a single person is seven centimeters, for a skating rink - at least twelve centimeters, for crossing on foot - from fifteen centimeters, for cars - at least thirty. If a person does fall through the ice, then at a temperature of 24 degrees Celsius he can stay in water for up to nine hours without harm to health, but ice at this temperature is very rare. Usually it is from five to fifteen degrees. In such a situation, a person can survive for four hours. If the temperature reaches three degrees, death occurs within fifteen minutes.

Behavior rules

1. IN dark time You cannot go out on the ice for 24 hours, or in poor visibility: snow, fog, rain.
2. You can’t beat the ice with your feet to test its strength. If even a little water appears under your feet, you need to immediately move back along your trail with sliding steps, distributing the load over a large area (feet shoulder-width apart).
3. Follow the beaten paths.
4. A group of people must cross the pond, maintaining a distance of at least 5 meters.
5. You need to have a twenty-meter strong cord with you with a blind loop and a weight (the weight is needed to throw the cord to the person who has fallen through, and the loop so that he can pass it under his arms).
6. Parents should not allow children to be unattended on bodies of water: neither while fishing, nor at the skating rink.
7. IN drunkenness It is better not to approach bodies of water, since people in this state react to danger inadequately.

Note to anglers

1. It is necessary to know the reservoir intended for fishing well: deep and shallow places in order to maintain safety in water bodies.
2. Distinguish between signs thin ice, know which water bodies are dangerous, take precautions.
3. Determine the route from the shore.
4. Be careful when descending onto the ice: often it is not very tightly connected to the land, there are cracks and air under the ice.
5. You should not go out onto dark areas of ice that have warmed up in the sun.
6. Maintain a distance of at least five meters between those walking on the ice.
7. It is better to drag a backpack or a box with tackles and supplies on a rope two or three meters behind.
8. To check each step, the fisherman must have an ice pick, with which he needs to probe the ice not directly in front of him, but from the side.
9. You cannot get closer than three meters to other fishermen.
10. It is prohibited to approach areas where there are algae or driftwood frozen in the ice.
11. You cannot make holes at crossings (on paths), and it is also forbidden to create several holes around you.
12. To escape, you need to have a cord with a load, a long pole or wide board, something sharp (hook, knife, hook) so that you can catch on the ice.

Water bodies can both decorate and enrich a person’s life, and take it away - you need to remember this.

Water is the source of our life, in addition, water is ancient symbol fertility, purity and beauty. Nature has given us indescribable water beauties, which are very popular among tourists. I think it's time to meet the most amazing of them. Let's expand our knowledge about the planet on which we were lucky enough to appear... Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe/Zambia Victoria Falls - main attraction South Africa and object World Heritage UNESCO. Approaching the waterfall, the calm flow of the Zambezi River turns into a real spectacle: the water falls down from a height of 100 meters, emitting an indescribable sound that can be heard many tens of kilometers away. During the rainy seasons - from November to April, the waterfall is hidden under thick fog, which creates a mystical atmosphere. Canals of Venice, Italy
What could be more romantic than calmly sailing along the narrow Venetian canals under the light of the night moon. More than 150 canals connect 700 small islands, which form the so-called floating city. Forget the car. In Venice you can only get around on foot or by gondola. Believe me, it's worth it! The famous Grand Canal is surrounded the most beautiful houses, the facades of which take us back to the distant Middle Ages. The Rialto Bridge, which is the oldest and most famous bridge in Venice, deserves special attention. Big barrier reef, Australia
Coral Islands The Great Barrier Reef, located in the Coral Sea on the northeast coast of Australia, stretches for 2000 kilometers. The Reef is the largest ecosystem in the entire world, larger in area than the whole of Great Britain. The Great Barrier Reef is home to 410 species of corals, 1,500 species of different fish, sea ​​turtles and other representatives sea ​​world. Hundreds of thousands of tourists come here every year. Li River, China
For centuries, writers and poets have drawn their inspiration from the Li River, which flows between the cities of Guilin and Yangshuo. Along the river you can take a fascinating excursion through beautiful lemon gardens, majestic mountains and dense forests. The Li River feeds numerous rice fields that shimmer yellow and green in the sun. Suez Canal, Egypt
The Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas and is the unofficial border between Africa and Eurasia. On October 9, 2001, a huge bridge was built across a canal in Egypt, which was named after former president Egypt - Hosni Mubarak. In addition, there is an underwater road tunnel near the city of Suez, which makes travel much easier. Lake Baikal
The lake contains 20% of the world's fresh water reserves. Baikal, located in the southeastern part of Siberia, is the oldest (25 million years ago) and deepest lake (1700 meters). Thanks to this, a unique marine environment With the rarest representatives fish and plants. Surrounded by dense forests and snowy mountains Barguzin, Baikal is the embodiment perfect beauty. In winter, the ice on the lake is so thick that railway tracks are laid across it. River Nile, Egypt
The second longest river after the Amazon, the Nile River flows for 5,600 kilometers, from Lake Victoria to the Mediterranean Sea. Locals use the waters of the Nile to irrigate their agricultural fields, in addition, it the only river in northern Africa, which flows through the Sahara Desert. Bora Bora, French Polynesia
Many people believe that Bora Bora is the most wonderful island on earth. The most interesting activity on the island is scuba diving to explore the lagoon with its incredible underwater world. The purest blue waters, snow-white sand and warm sun - what else is needed for have a great holiday! Dead Sea, Israel
The Dead Sea is the saltiest body of water on earth. In addition, its coastline is the lowest landmass in the world. The Dead Sea separates the territories of Israel and Jordan. Essentially this salt Lake, the length of which reaches 70 kilometers, width - 20 kilometers, and depth - 380 meters. Main problem Dead Sea- a sharp drop in water level. Over the past 100 years it has dropped by as much as 25 meters. Lake Como, Italy
Como is the 3rd largest lake in Italy and one of the deepest in all of Europe. This wonderful water feature is located just 40 kilometers from Milan. The lake is surrounded by mountains, the heights of which vary from 600 to 2400 meters. Como has always amazed us with its indescribable beauty, wildlife and luxurious villas located on the coast. Photos from different Internet sites

water body - a natural or artificial reservoir, watercourse or other object, a permanent or temporary concentration of water in which has characteristic forms and characteristics of the water regime.

1. Water bodies, depending on the characteristics of their regime, physical-geographical, morphometric and other features, are divided into:

1) surface water bodies;

2) underground water bodies.

2. Surface water bodies include:

1) seas or their individual parts (straits, bays, including bays, estuaries and others);

2) watercourses (rivers, streams, canals);

3) bodies of water (lakes, ponds, flooded quarries, reservoirs);

4) swamps;

5) natural outlets of groundwater (springs, geysers);

6) glaciers, snowfields.

3. Surface water bodies consist of surface water and the land covered by it within the coastline.

4. Coastline(water body boundary) is determined for:

1) the sea - along a constant water level, and in the case of periodic changes in water level - along the line of maximum ebb;

2) rivers, streams, canals, lakes, flooded quarries - according to the average long-term water level during the period when they are not covered with ice;

3) ponds, reservoirs - according to the normal retaining water level;

4) swamps - along the border of peat deposits at zero depth.

5. Groundwater bodies include: 1) groundwater basins;

2) aquifers.

6. The boundaries of underground water bodies are determined in accordance with the legislation on subsoil.

Article 6. Public water bodies

1. Surface water bodies that are in state or municipal ownership are water bodies of general use, that is, publicly accessible water bodies, unless otherwise provided by this Code.

2. Every citizen has the right to have access to public water bodies and use them free of charge for personal and domestic needs, unless otherwise provided by this Code and other federal laws.

3. The use of public water bodies is carried out in accordance with the rules for the protection of human life on water bodies, approved in the manner determined by the authorized federal executive body, as well as based on those established by the authorities local government rules for the use of water bodies for personal and domestic needs.

4. On water bodies of public use, the intake (withdrawal) of water resources for the purposes of drinking and domestic water supply, swimming, the use of small boats, jet skis and other technical means intended for recreation on water bodies, watering holes, and also the establishment of other prohibitions in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

5. Information on restrictions on water use on public water bodies is provided to citizens by local government bodies through means mass media and through special information signs installed along the banks of water bodies. Other methods of providing such information may also be used.

6. A strip of land along the coastline of a public water body (shoreline) is intended for public use. The width of the shoreline of public water bodies is twenty meters, with the exception of the shoreline of canals, as well as rivers and streams, the length of which from source to mouth is no more than ten kilometers. The width of the shoreline of canals, as well as rivers and streams, the length of which from source to mouth is no more than ten kilometers, is five meters.

7. The coastal strip of swamps, glaciers, snowfields, natural outlets of groundwater (springs, geysers) and other water bodies provided for by federal laws is not determined.

8. Every citizen has the right to use (without the use of mechanical vehicles) the shoreline of public water bodies for movement and stay near them, including for recreational and sport fishing and mooring of floating craft.

The Russian Federation is a country rich in water resources. A large percentage of the world's water reserves are located in Russia. The state's marine area consists of 14 seas. Thanks to the seas, the country has developed shipping, oil and gas production, fishing and many other industries.

There are more than 2 million fresh and salt lakes in the Russian Federation. The most deep lake is located right here. Baikal contains 90% of the national fresh water reserve. Swamps also play an important role; peat is extracted from them.

Seas of Russia

Russia's 14 seas belong to three oceans and the Caspian Sea. Each of them has an important state industrial significance. The White, Chukotka, Azov, Black, Bering, Okhotsk, Japanese, Baltic, Caspian, Kara, Laptev Sea and East Siberian Sea stand out for their importance in the transport, resort and industrial sectors.

The country's northern seas serve as the main source of seafood. The Black and Azov Seas are visited by thousands of tourists every year. All seas are different natural conditions. Each is unique in its own relief, bottom shape, depth, temperature and origin...

Largest lake (sea):

Seas of the Atlantic Ocean:

Seas of the Arctic Ocean:

Pacific Seas:

Rivers of Russia

The country occupies a large geographical part Globe, where it spreads a large number of rec. On the river banks there are many big cities. More than 3 million rivers are important for the life of people, animals, birds and plants. The size of many rivers impresses with their power and beauty. One of the most long rivers The lands are considered to be the Lena and Ob rivers. Rivers have many vegetation zones, serve as home to many species of flora and fauna. The reservoirs are also rich in fish species that can be eaten...

Large rivers of Russia:

Lakes of Russia

There are more than 2 million unique, beautiful and valuable lakes in Russia. The most large lake world - Baikal. It is home to many rare species animals and plants. The water of Lake Baskunchak has medicinal properties, its healing effect benefits people's health. Lotus Lake amazes with its picturesque nature.

Each lake, regardless of its size and location, is very important for the country. Amazing reservoirs serve as a place for tourists to relax, attract the attention of fishermen and are national treasure states. Economic importance lakes are increasing every year. Salt lakes have become a source of production table salt. Many ships sail on Lake Onega and Lake Baikal...

Large lakes of Russia:

Reservoirs of Russia

A large number of reservoirs in the country, including artificial reservoirs, are divided into river and lake types. These reservoirs are used to generate hydropower and thermal power. At the same time, reservoirs are responsible for water supply to the population and have important water transport significance. Fish are bred and caught in many reservoirs. They also produce inexpensive electricity. Dry areas find their salvation in water from such systems.

The Far East suffers from floods, so artificially built reservoirs limit water flows and save people from disasters.

The Asian part of the Russian Federation has more than a hundred reservoirs, and the European part has more than a thousand. The total area of ​​the country's reservoirs is approximately 1 million square meters...

Large reservoirs in Russia:

Unique water resources are important for every person. The purity of water resources depends on every resident of the country. The problem of water use in Russia is the most important factor. The economy, social sphere and National security. Therefore, water resources should be conserved and protected from pollution.