Egyptian pharaohs: names, dynasties, historical facts. The most famous pharaohs of ancient Egypt

The first (I) dynasty of Egypt became the original in the history of government, therefore it is attributed to the Early Kingdom. The First Dynasty spanned a period of approximately 2 centuries. The first capital of the kingdom is considered to be Tin (Thinis), the first pharaoh-ruler - Narmer. The subsequent pharaohs of the first dynasty are considered the founders of all royal traditions, since it was during their reign that important knowledge and skills were discovered:

• chronology (years, months, days);
• writing (fixation of certain events on parchments and products);
• the origin of the army;
• stone structures (tombs, statues);
• trade relations with neighboring countries.

Pharaohs of the First Dynasty

The First Dynasty ruled in the third millennium BC. History knows about a dozen pharaohs who left their names on the found artifacts.

Narmer. The first pharaoh of the first (or zero) dynasty of the Early Kingdom (so many sources believe). He distinguished himself by the fact that during his reign, the unification of Ancient Egypt allegedly took place. The approximate period of his reign is the end of the 32nd century BC.

His name is absent from the royal lists, which makes it difficult to truly identify him and place him among other rulers. There is an assumption that Narmer is the father of Menes, but many identify him with him. After himself, he left many historical monuments, which are stored in various museums of the world and private collections.

Menes. Another representative of the rulers of Ancient Egypt, who is considered the first pharaoh of the first dynasty of the Early Kingdom. His name is mentioned repeatedly by the Greek author Herodotus as Mina or Menni. His second name is Hor-Aha, but there is still debate about which one was correct. It is also possible that Hor-Aha and Menes are absolutely two different person. His name is also not found in the royal lists.

The date of his reign is considered to be the period around 3050 BC. Menes is credited with founding Egyptian statehood, as he united Upper and Lower Egypt. Pharaoh Menes is also considered a good military leader, as he went to war with the Libyans, after which he conquered them and collected tribute.

During his reign, several tombs were built, which differed from each other both in location and in scale. He himself is buried in Abydos. Although there is evidence that he had two tombs - one in the south, and the second in the north. To personify complete power over Egypt.

Jer. His name stands for "protector" or "strong". The pharaoh belongs to the first dynasty of the Early Kingdom. Judging by the surviving images on the clay seal, where he is depicted in two crowns (Upper and Lower Egypt), it means that he ruled over all of Egypt. Presumably he was on the throne for about 47 years. Period - from 2870 to 2823 BC.

Jer is an incomplete name of the pharaoh, but only a part. Literally can be translated as "grip". His name was not preserved in the royal list, so there are different theories about exactly what period of time his reign was.

The pharaoh was a good conqueror and continued the wars in Nubia, which were started by Pharaoh Menes (Hor-Aha). During his reign, the strengthening of Egypt continued, art, craft, and jewelry developed. This is evidenced by numerous finds in the tombs. There were at least two of them, in which they found references to Pharaoh Jer.

jet. It is considered the third (fourth) pharaoh of the first dynasty of the Early Kingdom. It has many names, which of them is the most reliable is unknown. These are Waji, Zet, Ujat, Waj, Uenefes. The dates of his reign are approximate, but they determine about 2980 to 2920 BC.

The reign of Waji is not much covered in the history of Egypt, since there are very few references to this pharaoh. But it is known that his tomb was very modest, located in Abydos. In Saqqara, he also allegedly has a more luxurious tomb, in which earthenware with his name was found.

Merneith. The first ruler of Egypt, who had a female gender. Also refers to the first dynasty of the Early Kingdom of Ancient Egypt. Presumably could be the wife of Pharaoh Jet or Jer. According to other sources - the daughter of King Dzher.

It is possible that she ruled for a very short time, since there is practically no data on this. The only proof of her power is only two found tombs in Saqqara and Abydos. She was buried according to all the traditions of the Early Kingdom - with other people who, apparently, were sacrificed.

Den. The second name of King Den is Udimu. He presumably ruled from 2870 to 2820 BC. Pharaoh Den can be found on the Abydos list.

Den wore a double red and white crown, which symbolized the unification of Egypt. He waged wars with the nomads on the Sinai Peninsula. Merneith is considered his mother, since her tomb was found, which was located near Den. It differed from its predecessors by the tomb, which was on the ground, and not under it.

Adjib. He is the next pharaoh of the first dynasty of the Early Kingdom of Ancient Egypt. The exact duration of his reign has not been established, but it is likely that it is 2925-2900 BC. Although the opinion that it was a gap of 9 years should not be discarded either. The name Ajib in some references is like Anedjib.

He was buried in Abydos, where other kings are also buried. It is notable for its small scale and the tomb is made of rough brick. It is believed that this particular tomb is the origin of the tradition of burial in the pyramids.

Semerkhet. He ruled for a short time, about 9 years from 2900 to 2890 BC. He is on the Abydos list under the name Semsu. And many sources call it as Iri-Necher, Semsem, Semempses. He left behind numerous artifacts. Vessels were found in his tomb that did not belong to him, so there were suspicions that his rule was illegitimate. He tried to maintain trade relations with other countries, although during the reign of Pharaoh Semerkhet they were significantly impoverished.

Kaa. Many historians call Pharaoh Kaa the last ruler of the first dynasty. Its existence dates back to around 2890 BC. His name appears in the Abydos list as Kebeh, in the Saqqara list and in the Turin papyrus as Kebhu. There were also other names - Sen, Ka-a, Sekhetep. During the reign of Kaa, Egypt continued to develop both economically and militarily. Kaa erected a large mastaba in Abydos, which was of impressive size. Also inside the burial were found treasures - gold, dishes.

Seneferka. Pharaoh Seneferka, according to excavations, was the ruler at the end of the existence of the first dynasty of the Early Kingdom. The periods of government can be like the year 2660 BC. e. or 2850 BC e. He left behind a meager legacy. Mentions of him are found only on some fragments of dishes. During his reign, the development of the military industry, annals, trade relations continued, and the irrigation of the Nile Valley continued.

Bird. The authenticity of his name is highly doubtful. But, nevertheless, it is deciphered as Khor-Ba, Khor-Sa, Khor-Geb. The time of the alleged reign is from 2663 to 2639 BC.

There is a possibility that his burial place was Memphis. After himself, he practically left no cultural heritage. Although works of art and crafts have been found. During the reign, polytheism actively developed. Religious rites and worship acquired all more value for the Egyptian people.

Semi-human, demigod, these rulers were well aware of their own greatness and the sacredness of their duty, imbued with the need to worship the gods, serve the state and fulfill obligations to their subjects, whose love most of them managed to win. Politicians and soldiers, from Narmer to Nectaneb, were all outstanding builders in one way or another.

According to Maneton, the history of ancient Egypt occupies a segment on the chronological axis equal to approximately six thousand years. Today, most researchers suggest that in fact this historical period begins in the 4th millennium BC. e. and ends with the Christian era, which is about three thousand two hundred years.

Three thousand years, marked by the reigns of these amazing half people, half gods - the pharaohs of ancient Egypt ... It was Maneton who first divided the lists of these into thirty dynasties prominent personalities who were both deities and rulers, heads of state and great priests, military leaders and politicians, conquerors, sorcerers, builders, fathers and spiritual leaders of the people whose unconditional worship they enjoyed. In our article, we will briefly tell you about the greatest of this long list who brought glory to Egypt, from Narmer, the founder of the Egyptian state, to Nectaneb II, who became the last pharaoh of Egypt.

Narmer and the unification of Egypt

Let's start with the one who gave the Egyptian state unity. Narmer, who is also called Menes, became the very ruler who gave ancient Egypt an impetus for development and led it to power and prosperity. Coming from the south, he conquered the northern territories and thereby united the Two Lands, Upper and Lower Egypt. Starting from him, both the northern and southern kingdoms will be ruled by one pharaoh. This is how Ancient Egypt was formed. Being a far-sighted politician, Narmer divided the country into numerous provinces, nomes, which were at the same time economic, administrative and religious units. This ruler, who built his capital, Memphis, in a symbolic place on the edge of the Nile Delta, according to legend, died during a hunt, becoming a victim of a hippopotamus.

Djoser, founder of the 3rd dynasty, was "Magnificent" in the eyes of his people. His reign was a period of peace and harmony. And in addition, the "stone" period - because it was then that the Egyptians first began to use this material in construction. In addition, the merit of Djoser is that he managed to surround himself with talented and far-sighted advisers, among whom was, for example, Imhotep, the Grand Vizier and a brilliant architect, who contributed a lot to the glory of his master.

The founder of the IV dynasty, Sneferu, also left his mark on history, becoming one of the greatest builder pharaohs. His reign is characterized by the peace and prosperity that reigned in Egypt at that time.

It is difficult to separate the images of the great pharaohs of ancient Egypt - Cheops, Khafre and Mykerin, the three colossi of Giza. Although we know little about the lives of these three rulers, one thing is clear: even more than five thousand years after their death, the great pyramids that they built continue to rise as if nothing had happened on the Giza plateau, near Cairo, becoming unshakable symbols of the power of Egyptian civilization and its architectural genius. Three pyramids, a real challenge to eternity, have not yet revealed all their secrets, and the technique by which they were erected is still a mystery.

WHAT AFTER NEKTANEB?

We have limited our story only to the Egyptian pharaohs, but how not to remember Alexander the Great, who crowned himself pharaoh in Memphis, Alexander, who, according to legend, was the son of Nectaneb I, the last Egyptian pharaoh? Later, the vast empire of the Macedonian conqueror would be divided among his generals, and one of them, Ptolemy, son of Lag, would appropriate the Egyptian lands. He will become the founder of a new Lagid dynasty, one of the most famous representatives of which will be Queen Cleopatra.

Long reign of Pepi II

According to legend, Pepi II, whose reign was central to the era

VI Dynasty, held the throne for ninety years. Egypt, which he ruled, was at that time the greatest state in the world. However, the extraordinary duration of the reign of Pepi II caused the weakening of the central government, hitherto very strong. Under him, the turmoil began, which led Egypt to the first of the greatest declines, the so-called "transitional periods."

Senusret I, the second pharaoh of the XII dynasty, became one of the most prominent pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom. Surprisingly, this pharaoh, who was primarily a soldier, is famous for his peaceful rule. However, it should be noted that in order to maintain peace within the country, Senusret I was forced to fight endlessly, preventing the enemies of Egypt from crossing the borders of the kingdom. The great builder and wise ruler Senusret I made Lisht, a city located near the rich province of Faiyum, his capital, and managed to negotiate with the clergy of Amun in Thebes, who still had great influence.

The reign of Senusret III, symbolizes the apogee of the era of the Middle Kingdom, which was a harmonious period in all respects.

Being at the same time a commander and commander, he managed to wisely and at the same time firmly rule the kingdom, adequately withstanding the onslaught of external enemies. As a true connoisseur of the arts, Senusret adorned Egypt with monuments that testify to the golden age of classical Egyptian architecture.

Ahmose, whom the people called the Liberator, was a young Theban prince whose main achievement was the liberation of the country from the oppressive foreign domination - from the power of the Hyksos, which led to a real revival of civilization. Ahmose founded the XVIII dynasty, which entered the history of ancient Egypt as one of the greatest. She, in turn, was the beginning of one of the most brilliant periods in this history.

Thutmose I, father of Hatshepsut

The blood of the pharaohs did not flow in the veins of Thutmose I, but he was chosen as the heir to Amenhotep I, whose comrade-in-arms he was, not for origin, but for valor and courage. By the time this young military leader took on the royal crown, he was already the father of a girl who was destined for a great future: her name was Hatshepsut.

Hatshepsut ascended the Egyptian throne after the premature death of her husband, who died in the third year of his reign. Beautiful, intelligent and educated, the young queen had a huge impact on her surroundings. Formally, she was only a regent, because the heir of the late pharaoh, the son of one of the concubines, was only five years old. Thus, the future Thutmose III was the queen's stepson and nephew at the same time.

The reign of Hatshepsut fell on a period of peace and prosperity in Egypt. Its main masterpiece in the field of architecture remains the funerary temple of Deir el-Bahri, located near Thebes and built in a place dedicated to the goddess Hathor.

In the end, Thutmose III still inherited his aunt and stepmother. The young Egyptian pharaoh had to languish with impatience behind the scenes of power for too long, and he unleashed his anger on the regent, ordering the destruction of everything that might remind of her rule. The new pharaoh showed himself to be an active and energetic king and conqueror with a good political instinct and love for power. It was he who made the largest conquests in the history of Ancient Egypt. Thutmose left behind an empire that stretched from the banks of the Euphrates to the Sudan.

PHAROAHS IN THE CHRONOLOGY OF EGYPT

In this article we talk about pharaohs in chronological order: Nar-mer was a representative of the 1st dynasty (c. 3000 BC) | Djoser - III dynasty (c. 2690 BC); Sneferu, Cheops, Khafre and Miyorin - IV dynasty (c. 2625 BC); Pepi II-VI dynasty (c. 2200 BC); Senusret I and Senusret III-XII dynasty (c. 1900 BC); Ahmose, Thutmose I, Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton) and Tutankhamun - XVIII dynasty (c. 1543-1295 BC); Seti I and Ramesses II-XX dynasty (c. 1200 BC); Ramesses III - XXI dynasty (c. 1070 BC); Nectaneb II-XXX dynasty (c. 340 BC).

The Heretic Spouses of Amarna

Amenhotep IV was the seventh ruler of the 18th Dynasty, a pharaoh who suffered a most amazing and mysterious fate. He went down in history under the name Akhenaten, which he adopted by imposing on his country the most daring and most revolutionary religious reform. This young ruler, about whose personality we still do not know very much, just as we do not know the reasons that pushed him to this choice, married young princess of extraordinary beauty: Queen Nefertiti. Its origin, like its fate, remains a mystery.

The royal couple rejected the cult of Amun, accepting and imposing on their people the single god Aton. Spouses left old capital, Thebes, and founded a new one, more in line with their dream - Amarna. As we know, the venture of Akhenaten and Nefertiti ended badly for them, but nevertheless it left an indelible mark on the history of Ancient Egypt in the form of an original artistic movement: the Amarna school.

Although Tutankhamen became the most famous pharaoh in the history of this country, this has nothing to do with either the originality or the greatness of his reign. He became famous only because on November 4, 1922, the British Egyptologist Howard Carter opened his tomb, and this tomb revealed untold treasures that continue to fascinate us. We know little about the reign itself and about the personality of this pharaoh: only that he reigned for a short time, because he died young.

Ramesses II - the winner of the Battle of Kadesh

But we know much more about the personality of Seti I, the son of Ramses I and the father of Ramses II, who was a soldier, a great builder and an outstanding ruler, who was dearly loved by the Egyptian people.

It was from Seti I that the future Ramesses II learned the trade of the pharaoh. He was only sixteen years old when his father died, but despite his youth, he immediately took the throne. Shortly after his coronation, Ramesses demonstrated that he aspired to become a great ruler. His main task was to ensure the security of empires. The pharaoh achieved his goal at the cost of numerous campaigns against the Hittites, whom he finally defeated at Kadesh. This victory was followed by the signing of a treaty that brought Egypt four decades of peace and prosperity. Ramesses II died at the age of eighty-three, having reigned for sixty-seven years. The extraordinary splendor of the monuments with which he adorned his country made him one of the most prominent rulers in the history of Ancient Egypt.

Another colossus from the glorious Ramesses dynasty was the third bearer of this name. He, too, had to fight for a long time to defend the country's borders, which were constantly attacked by neighbors - in this case, the Libyans. However, he was the last of the great pharaohs of Egypt. Less than a hundred years will pass after his death, and the New Kingdom, along with the XX Dynasty, will not be.

Now let's make a big jump in time, skip the III transitional period and most the so-called Late Period, when Egypt was ruled first by the Nubian pharaohs, and then by the Persian dynasties, and we will talk about who is considered the last Egyptian pharaoh.

Nectaneb, last and brave

Nectaneb II, the third and last pharaoh of the XXX dynasty, managed to restore peace and stability to his country. He was still a military leader leading the Egyptian army when the pharaoh Tahos suffered a serious defeat in the battle with the Persians. Returning to Egypt, Nectaneb managed to prevent civil war and stop the unrest that began after the fall of Tajos. After that, he was recognized as pharaoh and crowned himself with a crown.

The new ruler tried to use the alliance with the Greeks to resist the Persians. However, the latter managed to create a military power, in the face of which both the Egyptians and their allies were powerless. They were defeated, and Artaxerxes III, king of the Persians, founded the XXXI dynasty. Alas, there will never again be Egyptian pharaohs on the throne of Ancient Egypt.

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• History of the pharaohs. Ruling dynasties of the Early, Old and Middle Kingdoms of Egypt. 3000-1800 BC e. Weigall Arthur. Arthur Weigall, a famous English Egyptologist, the author of a number of studies on ancient Egypt, set himself the goal of writing a consistent and most complete history…
• History of the pharaohs. Ruling dynasties of the Early, Old and Middle Kingdoms of Egypt. 3000-1800 BC, Weigall A .. Arthur Weigall, a famous English Egyptologist, author of a number of studies on ancient Egypt, set himself the goal of writing a consistent and most complete history ...

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pharaohs

Names of pharaohs

Pharaoh – modern name kings of ancient Egypt.

The usual name of the Egyptian kings was the expression "belonging to the Reed and the Bee", that is, Upper and Lower Egypt, or simply "ruler of both lands."

Despotic monarchies in Egypt originated in the second half of the 4th millennium BC. e. There were eras of the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom. Since the time of the Middle Kingdom established full title Egyptian kings, consisting of five names:

Horovo name

Nebti-name (was associated with the patron goddesses of Egypt Nekhbet and Wajit)

golden name(gold in Egyptian culture was associated with eternity)

Throne name (accepted when entering the throne)

Personal name (given at birth, preceded by the title "son of Ra" in the inscriptions).

Names of pharaohs

Adjib

Adikalamani

Actisanes

Alara

Amanislo

Amaniteca

Amanitore

Amasis II

Amenmes

Amenhotep

Amirtaeus II

analmai

Anlamani

Apopi I

Aprius

Ariamani

Arikankarer

Arkamani I, II

Arces

Artaxerxes I, II, III

Aspelta

Atlaners

Achoris

Akhratan

Bardia

Baskakeren

Biheris

Bochoris

Veneg

Gaumata

Gorciotef

Darius I, II, III

Jedefra

Djedkara II Shema

Djedkara Isesi

Jer

Djoser

Doudimos I

Imichet

Iniotef II

Iri-Khor

Itiesh

Kakaura Ibi I

Cambyses II

Kamos

Karkamani

chestnut

Xerxes I, II

Maat

Melenaken

Menes

Menkara

Menkauchor

Mentuhotep I, II, III, IV

Menkheperra

Merenra I, II

merenhor

Meribre

Merikara

Merneith

Mernofera Aib

Nakrinsan

Narmer

Nasakhma

Nastasen

Natakamani

Nebereau I

Nebefaura

Nebkara Heti

Nectaneb I, II

Neferefre

Neferite I, II

Neferkare I - VII

Neferkasokar

Neferkaura

Neferkauhor

Neferkahor

Neferhotep I

Necho I, II

Nikara I

Ninecher

Nitocris

Nyuserra

Niheb

Nubnefer

Osorkon I, II, III

Pami

Pe Hor

Pelha

Pentini

Peribsen

Petubastis I

Piancalara

Piankhi

Pinedjem I

Pipi I, II

Psammetichus I

Psammut

Psusennes I, II

Ptah

Ptolemy I - XV

Ramesses II - VIII

Raneb

Sabrakamani

Sakhmakh

Sanakht

Sahura

Sebekhotep I-VII

seka

Secudian

semenra

Semenkhkara

Semerkhet

Senebkai

Sened

Seneferka

Setnakht

Sekhemkara

Sekhemkhet

Siamon

Siaspica

Smendes

Sneferu

Sogdian

Taa II Sekenenra

Takelot I, II, III

Talakamani

Tamftis

Tanutamon

towsert

Taharka

tajos

aunts

Tefnacht I

Tutankhamun

Thutmose

Waji

Wajkara

Ugaf

Unegbu

Unis

Userkara

Userkaf

Usermont

Khaba

hababash

Khasekhemui

Hat Hor

Khafra

Heju Hor

Hanger

Cheops

Herihor

Kheti I, II, III

hian

Horemheb

Huni

Shabaka

Shabataka

Shepseskar

Shepseskaf

sherakarer

Sheshenq I-III

Yakubher

Ahmose I

Ahmose-Nefertari

Ahmose-Sitkamos

mythical rulers

Ptah

Osiris

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Pharaohs. Names of pharaohs

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And so, I propose to collect all the dynasties and their kings in a single list. But first I would like to highlight the most famous and prominent of them.

Let's start with Narmer. This is the pharaoh of the pre-dynastic era. He became the first pharaoh to make Memphis his residence.

Sneferu, pharaoh of the 4th dynasty. In the tomb of his queen, Neteferis, at Giza, rare pieces of furniture were found, which are stored today in the Cairo Museum.

Khufu, pharaoh of the 4th dynasty, builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza.
Khafra (Chephren), pharaoh of the 4th dynasty, builder of the second pyramid at Giza. Great Sphinx The pyramids are an image of King Khafre.

pipi II, pharaoh of the 6th dynasty, who reached the age of ninety and reigned longer than all other known pharaohs. Mentuhotep, pharaoh of the 11th dynasty. He united Egypt, which was in decline after a long period of internal strife.

Further, Amenemhat I, pharaoh of the 12th dynasty. He usurped the throne of his predecessor, introduced the worship of the Theban god Amon into the cult, and also appointed his son Senusret I as his co-ruler.
Senusret III, pharaoh of the 12th dynasty, known for his bravery. He abolished the privileged position of all provincial officials (nomarchs), fought against Nubia, and also built numerous fortresses in the region of the second threshold of the Nile to prevent raids from Nubia and protect the Egyptian gold miners working here.
Ahmose , pharaoh of the 18th dynasty. Saved Egypt from the Hyksos invasion and pursued the exiled Hyksos all the way to Southern Canaan.

Amenhotep I son of Ahmose, pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, revered by subsequent generations (together with his mother, Queen Nefertari) as one of the gods.
Thutmose I pharaoh of the 18th dynasty. led brutal fight with the Kingdom of Mitanni and together with his troops reached the Euphrates River in Syria.

Hatshepsut queen of the 18th dynasty. The most significant among several women who owned the Egyptian throne in the entire history of the country.
Thutmose III, pharaoh of the 18th dynasty. He conducted over 20 victorious campaigns against Egyptian enemies, reaching the fourth threshold of the Nile in Sudan.
Ekhpaton (or Amenhotep IV) , pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, the most famous of the pharaohs of ancient Egypt as the organizer of the religious, social and cultural revolution. He introduced the cult of the supreme chief god - the sun god Aton and built a new capital in el - Amarna. His wife was the beautiful Nefertiti, whose beautiful bust kept in the Berlin Museum.

Tutankhamun , 18th Dynasty pharaoh who died at the age of eighteen and became widely known for the dramatic discovery of his hitherto undamaged tomb in the Valley of the Kings (Western Luxor). The treasures found in it occupy a large section of the second floor of the Egyptian Museum.

Next Networks I , pharaoh of the 19th dynasty. The first king to display monumental images of his military battles on the temple wall at Karnak. The giant pillared hall of this temple was partly built during his reign.
Ramesses II (Ramses the Great), pharaoh of the 19th dynasty, who ruled for 67 years.
Perhaps it was during the years of his reign that the Exodus of the Jews from Egypt falls. He owns the building largest number the most magnificent monuments of Egyptian antiquity. In the battle of the Egyptians with the Hittites at Kadesh, 4000 detachments participated from the Egyptian side. Later, he signed a peace treaty with them and married at least two daughters of the Hittite king. There was a rumor that he was the father of 100 sons. He built a common tomb for many of his children in the Valley of the Kings. The tomb of his wife, Queen Nefertari, is the most beautiful in the Valley of the Queens. During his reign, the rock Temple at Abu Simbel was carved.
ramses III, pharaoh of the 19th dynasty, during which the famous sea battle of the Egyptians with the Peoples of the Sea took place, then depicted on the walls of his well-preserved memorial temple in Medinet Habu (Western Luxor). The Philistines are also depicted here for the first time. He was killed as a result of a palace conspiracy.
Sheshenq I, pharaoh of the 22nd dynasty, biblical king Shishak, Libyan by origin. His accession to the throne falls approximately at the time of the death of the biblical king Solomon. big list his conquest in Israel, Judea, and elsewhere is carved on the wall of his Temple at Karnak.

Further, Pi(ankh), pharaoh of the 25th dynasty, of Nubian origin. Having captured Egypt, he ruled it as an Egyptian king. His victory over the Libyan troops in the Nile Delta was commemorated on a triumphal stele now in the Egyptian Museum. He is also known as a particular lover of horses. He and other kings of this dynasty reintroduced the old custom of royal burial in pyramids.
Psammetich I, pharaoh of the 26th dynasty, who restored the rule of the native Egyptians. Its capital was Sais, a city in the west of the Nile Delta. He ruled during the heyday of classical Greece, employed Greeks and Carians, and encouraged Greek merchants to found several Greek cities in Egypt.
Amasis , pharaoh of the 26th dynasty, fought against the Babylonians who invaded Syria - Palestine, but could not prevent the destruction of the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem.

Perhaps we can now return to complete list. Of course, not all the names of the kings have come down to us, but those that we have will be given here. To begin with, it is worth saying that the mythical ten kings of Thinis are included in the 0th dynasty. After the 4th dynasty, the pharaohs, with some exceptions, upon accession to the throne received an official name, consisting of own name pharaoh and the name of the sun god Ra.

I dynasty: Narmer (Less), Axa, Jer, Jet, Udi-mu, Merpaba, Semerkhet, Kaa.

Total 8 kings, ruling 253 years.

II dynasty: Hotep-akhaui, Ra-neb, Neteri-mu, Peribsen, Kha-sekhemui, Ka-Ra, Kha-sekhemui.

There were 9 kings in total, ruling for 302 years.

III dynasty: Sa-Nekkht, Djoser-Neterkhet, Snefru.

Only 9 kings, and 214 years and reign.

ancient kingdom

IV dynasty: Sharu, Khufu, Khafra, Men-kau-Ra, Dadef-Ra, Shepses-kaf, Sebek-ka-Ra.

8 kings, and 284 years of their reign.

5th dynasty: Userkaf, Sahu-Ra, Shepses-ka-Ra, Neferf-Ra, Ni-user-Ra, Men-kau-Hor, Dad-ka-Ra-Isesi, Venis.

Total 9 kings, ruling 248 years.

VI dynasty: Teti, User-ka-Ra, Pepi I, Meren-Ra, Pepi II, Mezhti-em-saf, Neter-ka-Ra, Queen Neit-akert.

Only 6 kings, ruling 203 years.

First transitional period

VII dynasty: 70 Memphis kings who ruled for 70 days.

8th dynasty includes 27 Memphis kings, 146 years old.

IX dynasty: 19 kings ruling 409 years.

X dynasty : 10 kings, 185 years.

middle kingdom

XI dynasty: Intef I, Intef II, Mentu-hotep I, Mentu-hotep II, Mentu-hotep III, Mentu-hotep IV.

Only 16 kings, and 43 years of their reign.

XII dynasty: Amonemhet I, Senusret, Amenemhet II, Senusret II, Senusret III, Amonemhet III, Amonemhet IV, Queen Sebek-nefru.

We get 8 kings, 160 years of reign.

XIII dynasty

No data has been saved.

Second transitional period

XIV dynasty: 76 kings, 184 years of reign.

XV dynasty includes 6 foreign Phoenician kings who reigned for 284 years.

XVI dynasty: 32 shepherd Greek kings, 518 years old.

new kingdom

XVII Dynasty: Sekenen-Ra I, Sekenen-Ra II, Sekenen-Ra III, Cameo.

There are 43 shepherd kings and 43 Theban rulers. Together they ruled for 151 years.

XVIII dynasty: Ahmes I, Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Thutmose II, Queen Hatshepsut, Thothmes III Men-Kheper-Ra, Amenhotep II, Thutmose IV, Amenhotep III, Amenhotep IV Akhenatep, Smenkh-ka-Ra, Tut-ankh-Amon, Au, Haremheb.

There are 16 kings in total, ruling for 263 years.

XIX dynasty: Ramses I, Setehi I, Ramesses II, Mer-en-Ptah, Setehi II, Amon-mes, Si-Ptah, Setekh-nekht.

Total 8 kings, 209 years.

XX dynasty: Ramesses III, Ramesses IV, Ramesses V, Ramesses VI, Ramesses VII, Ramesses VIII, Ramesses IX, Ramesses X.

Only 12 kings who ruled for 135 years.

Late period

XXI dynasty: Herihor Smendes, Pianhi Paseb Khanu I, Pinedjem I Amonemipt, Masaharta Si Amon, Pinedjem II, Paseb Khanu II.

Total 7 kings, 130 years.

XXII dynasty: Sheshenk I, Osorkon I, Takelot I, Osorkon II, Sheshenk II, Takelot II, Sheshenk III, Pami, Sheshenk IV

Total 9 kings, ruling 126 years.

XXIII dynasty: Piankhi I, Pedubast Osorkon III, Takelot III.

Only 4 kings, 28 years of reign.

XXIV dynasty: Shabaka, Piankhi II, Shabataka, Taharka, Tanutamon.

5 kings, 40 years of reign.

XXVI dynasty: Necho I, Psamtek I, Necho II, Psamtek II, Psamtek III, Apris (Khophra), Amasis II, Psamtek IV.

only 9 kings, ruling 150 years and 6 months.

Persian period

XXVII dynasty: 8 Persian kings, 124 years and 4 months of their reign.

XXVIII dynasty: Amirtey (6 years old).

XXIX dynasty: 4 kings, 20 years and 4 months of their reign.

XXX dynasty: Nectaneb I, Jeher Nectaneb II.

Only 3 kings, ruling 38 years.

Conquest of Alexander the Great 332 BC e.

Ptolemaic period: Ptolemy I Soter I, Ptolemy II Philadelphus, Ptolemy III Eurgeitis I, Ptolemy IV Philopatre, Ptolemy V Epiphanes, Ptolemy VI Philometr, Ptolemy VII Eurgetis II, Ptolemy VIII Eupater, Ptolemy IX Neos Philopatre, Ptolemy X Soter II, Ptolemy XI Alexander I, Ptolemy XII Alexander II, Ptolemy XIII Philopatra, Ptolemy XIV Philopatra, Ptolemy XV Philopatra, Cleopatra.

Capture by Octavius ​​(Octavian) 30 BC e.