What makes reading books. High-quality perception of information is the key to success. time-tested methods
- The child speaks fluently in sentences and understands the meaning of what is said.
- The child distinguishes sounds (what speech therapists call developed phonemic hearing). Simply put, the baby will easily understand by ear where House And onion, And where - volume And Luke.
- Your child pronounces all the sounds and has no speech problems.
- The child understands directions: left-right, top-bottom. Let's omit the point that adults often confuse right and left. For learning to read, it is important that the baby can follow the text from left to right and from top to bottom.
8 tips to help your child learn to read
Set an example
In a family where there is a culture and tradition of reading, children themselves will be drawn to books. Read not because it is necessary and useful, but because it is a pleasure for you.
Read together and discuss
You read aloud, and then look at the picture together, encouraging the child to interact with the book: “Who is this drawn? Can you show me the cat's ears? And who is this standing next to her? Older children can be asked more difficult questions: Why did he do that? What do you think will happen next?"
Go from simple to complex
Start with sounds, then move on to syllables. Let the words consisting of repeated syllables be the first: ma-ma, pa-pa, da-da, nya-nya. After them, move on to more complex combinations: ko-t, zhu-k, do-m.
Show that letters are everywhere
Play a game. Let the child find the letters that surround him on the street and at home. These are the names of stores, and memos on information stands, and even traffic light messages: it happens that the inscription “Go” lights up on green, and “Wait so many seconds” on red.
play
And play again. Stack blocks with letters and syllables, make up words, ask your child to read you some kind of sign or inscription on the packaging in the store.
Take every opportunity to exercise
Whether you are sitting in line at the clinic or driving somewhere, take out a picture book and short stories to them and invite the child to read together.
Build Success
Repeat familiar texts, search in new stories already famous heroes. The runaway bunny is found in both "Teremka" and "Kolobok".
Don't force
This is perhaps the most important. Don't take away a child's childhood. Learning should not go through tears.
6 time-tested techniques
ABCs and primers
katarina_rosh/livejournal.comTraditional, but the longest way. The difference between these books is that the alphabet fixes each letter with a mnemonic picture: on a page with B a drum will be drawn, and next to YU- Yula. The alphabet helps to remember letters and - often - interesting rhymes, but will not teach you how to read.
The primer consistently teaches the child to combine sounds into syllables, and syllables into words. This process is not easy and requires perseverance.
Parents agree that one of the most understandable methods for teaching preschoolers is Nadezhda Zhukova's primer. The author simply explains the most difficult thing for a child: how to turn letters into syllables, how to read mum rather than start naming individual letters me-a-me-a.
toyskinadom.com If, when learning from an ABC book, a child consistently masters letters and syllables, then in 52 Zaitsev cubes he is given access to everything at once: a single letter or combinations of a consonant and a vowel, a consonant and a hard or soft sign.
The child effortlessly learns the differences between deaf and ringing sounds, because the cubes with deaf consonants are filled with wood, and the cubes with voiced ones are filled with metal.
The cubes also differ in size. The large ones depict hard warehouses, the small ones - soft ones. The author of the technique explains this by the fact that when we pronounce on the(hard warehouse), mouth opens wide, neither(soft warehouse) - lips in a half smile.
The set includes tables with warehouses that the parent sings (yes, he doesn’t speak, but sings) to his child.
The child quickly masters warehouse reading with the help of cubes, but may begin to swallow the endings and will face difficulties already at school when parsing a word by composition.
Folders and Towers by Vyacheslav Voskobovich
toyskinadom.com In Skladushki, Vyacheslav Voskobovich reworked Zaitsev's idea: 21 cards show all the warehouses of the Russian language with nice thematic pictures. Included is a CD with songs, the texts of which go under each picture.
Folders are good for kids who love looking at pictures. Each of them is an occasion to discuss with the child where the kitten is, what the puppy is doing, where the beetle flew.
You can teach your child using these cards already from three years. At the same time, it should be noted that the author of the methodology himself does not consider it necessary Vyacheslav Voskobovich: “How to keep a child in yourself? Play!" boost early development.
toyskinadom.com "Teremki" by Voskobovich consist of 12 wooden cubes with consonants and 12 cardboard cubes with vowels. First, the child gets acquainted with the alphabet and tries with the help of parents to come up with words that begin with each of the letters.
Then it's time to learn the syllables. In a teremok with a letter M invested BUT- and the first syllable is obtained ma. From several towers you can lay out words. Learning is based on play. So, when replacing a vowel House will turn into smoke.
You can start playing towers from the age of two. At the same time, parents will not be left alone with the cubes: the kit includes a manual with detailed description methods and games.
umnitsa.ru Evgeny Chaplygin's manual includes 10 cubes and 10 moving blocks. Each dynamic block consists of a pair - a consonant and a vowel. The task of the child is to twist the cubes and find a pair.
On the initial stage, as with any other method of teaching reading in warehouses, the child makes up the most simple words from repeated syllables: ma-ma, pa-pa, ba-ba. The involved motor skills help to quickly remember the shape of the letters, and the search for already familiar syllables turns into exciting game. The cubes are accompanied by a manual describing the methodology and words that can be composed.
The optimal age for classes is 4-5 years. You can start earlier, but only in the game format.
steshka.ru American doctor Glenn Doman suggests teaching children not individual letters or even syllables, but whole words. Parents call and show the child the words on the cards for 1-2 seconds. In this case, the baby is not required to repeat what he heard.
Classes start with 15 cards with the most simple concepts like mothers And dads. Gradually, the number of words increases, those already learned leave the set, and the child begins to study phrases: for example, color + object, size + object.
How to understand that the child understood and remembered the visual image of the word, if the author of the methodology recommends starting classes from birth? It is worth paying attention to an important detail that parents miss in an attempt to make their child the smartest, most developed, the best.
Glenn Doman at Harmonious development child" strongly emphasizes that it is not necessary to arrange tests and checks for the child: kids do not like this and lose interest in classes.
Better to remember 50 cards out of 100 than 10 out of 10.
Glenn Doman
But considering that parents will not be able not to check, he advises, if the child is willing and willing, to play the game. For example, you can put a few cards and ask to bring one or point to it.
Today psychologists, neurophysiologists Steven Novella, MD, "Psychomotor Patterning" and pediatricians American Academy of Pediatrics "The Doman-Delacato Treatment of Neurologically Handicapped Children" agree that the Doman method is not aimed at teaching reading, but at mechanical memorization of visual images of words. The child turns out to be an object of learning and is almost deprived of the opportunity to learn something on his own.
It is also worth adding: in order to proceed to the Doman reading stage, parents need to prepare cards with all (!) Words that are found in a particular book.
howwemontessori.com Montessori reading comes from the opposite: first we write and only then we read. Letters are the same pictures, so you first need to learn how to draw them and only then engage in pronunciation and reading. Children begin by tracing and shading the letters, and through this, they memorize their outline. When several vowels and consonants have been studied, they move on to the first simple words.
Much attention is paid to the tactile component, so children can literally touch the alphabet, cut out of rough or velvety paper.
The value of the technique lies in learning through play. So, you can put a rough letter and a plate of semolina in front of the child and offer to first circle the sign with your finger, and then repeat this on the semolina.
The difficulty for parents is the purchase or preparation of a significant amount of handouts.
conclusions
On the Internet and on posters advertising "developers", you will be offered cutting-edge methods for teaching a child to read at three, two years old, or even from birth. But let's be realistic: a happy mother is needed a year, not developmental activities.
The myth that it’s too late after three is firmly planted in the minds and hearts of tired parents and is actively fueled by marketers.
The authors of the methods all insist that the most natural process of learning for a child is through play, and not through classes in which the parent plays the role of a strict controller. Your main assistant in learning is the curiosity of the child himself.
Some children will study for six months and start reading at three, others have to wait a couple of years to learn in just a month. Focus on the interests of the child. If he likes books and pictures, then primers and Folders will come to the rescue. If he is a fidget, then cubes and the Montessori system will help.
In learning to read, everything is simple and difficult at the same time. If your child often sees you with a book, you have a tradition of reading before bed, your chances will increase significantly.
Can you read? This question may surprise many. Then let's ask - Can you read quickly and correctly?
In our time, choking in the flow of information, you need to be able not only to read, but it is also desirable to assimilate information. Ideal if most of read will be deposited on the shelves of memory.
First of all, we are talking about useful, professional information. Every day we are bombarded with a bunch of explanations, orders, recommendations, instructions, new articles of the law and comments on them…etc.
How to deal with all this?
How can I avoid wasting a lot of time reading, and then not returning again and again to what I read in order to remind myself what I read here?
And why should an ordinary citizen, a lover of books, be able to read quickly?
1. Save time. This means you will read more of your favorite novels in the same amount of time!
2. Vocabulary will be enriched.
3. Improve general knowledge in some area of life. Accordingly, you will become an interesting conversationalist!
4. From all this it follows that speed reading will give self-confidence!
And besides all that, owning the technique fast reading, a person learns from the first time much more information, and remembers about it an order of magnitude more than those who read very slowly. Why it happens?
You can read about how to learn to read quickly, understand everything and remember everything in the book by Tony Buzan "Speed Reading Textbook". (T. Buzan is a psychologist, the author of several methods for organizing thinking, creativity and remembering information.) Link to the book below))
The book is written in a familiar form of abstract, has many interesting tests, tasks for self-examination, tells each student an action plan for studying this manual.
Tony Buzan in his textbook outlines not only the latest approaches to increase reading speed, but also talks about the history of schools for reading. It turns out that such schools have existed for more than a hundred years. At the beginning of the last century, people began to complain about the collapse of the information boom. If only they knew what our contemporaries have to "endure"!
The speed reading textbook is based on the method of using the brain and eyes. T. Buzan quite interestingly and weightily substantiates his various approaches to reading, concentration of attention and memory.
Starting to study this manual, you will have the opportunity to test the speed of reading and the degree of assimilation of information. Perhaps someone will be very surprised by their results.
Read fast - what does it mean?
Tony Buzan, in his educational book, offers several tests to determine reading speed and comprehension of what has been read.
Until you get yourself a speed reading textbook, you can check for yourself how fast you read. The test is quite simple.
To do this, take the text medium difficulty. For example, a chapter from a history textbook for 2000 words (exactly words, not symbols!). Turn on the stopwatch and start reading. When finished, check your level. And then decide whether you need training courses on speed reading or not.
So what does Tony Buzan suggest in his Quick Reading Primer. Divide the number of words by the time spent, this will be the reading speed.
1. Less than 200 per minute - a weak reader; 
2. 200-240 - average level;
3. 400 - functionally literate;
4. 800-1000 - one person per 100 or more;
5. Over 1000 words per minute - one in 1000 people.
To date, there are record holders who can read more than 3,000 words per minute. Just imagine how much time you can save by studying this or that material! What level would suit you? And where are you really? Do not try to read the test text faster than usual - you will not understand anything from what you read. What's the point of reading then?
What affects the quality of reading?
1. Time of day;
2. Illumination of the room;
3. Human well-being;
4. Motivation to read the material;
5. Furnishings (in public place or in a quiet room; it matters how comfortable the chair is);
6. Text. For instance, technical specifications to the tractor it will be more difficult to read and understand the manicurist.
By the way, how do you read?
1. Move your finger (ruler) over the text;
2. Move your lips while reading;
3. Speak each word in a whisper (or to yourself);
4. Do you stare at every word, even if only for a fraction of a second?
Do you want to know how right or wrong this is?
We read the way we were taught in school. An adult has the same reading speed as a schoolboy primary school. Only those who study a lot (undergraduates, graduate students) have a level of 400 to 800 words per minute.
- How to get good reading skills back?
- How to increase the percentage of assimilation of the material?
- How to keep what you read in memory for as long as possible, or forever?
- Why do they say about some: “He has eyes in the back of his head”?
All these questions and many more can be answered in this book.
Surely, there are many other effective benefits. We will be glad if you, dear reader, share with us - what textbook to pick up to learn to read even faster!
You might be interested in:
How to instill a love of reading in children.
What to pay attention to?
You have to constantly work with your child. Pay attention to the following areas:
The development of anticipation (or divination). When an adult reads, he anticipates the following words, phrases, meaning, sees the structure and he has a general vision of the text. The child does not know how to read to such an extent, he recognizes what is printed at the level of syllables and the next word. He has all his strength directed towards this, so he does not understand what he is reading, but you still need to see the subtext, the semantic meaning of each word separately and the entire phrase ...
Development of memory, attention, perception, acceleration of mental operations. Half of the time for learning fast and high-quality reading should be spent precisely on the formation of an intellectual base, and then start working with the text. The point is not to teach the child speed reading, but to speed up mental operations, those very cognitive skills that are cognitive. It is thanks to them that the baby develops in reading, writing, counting, and so on. Keep in mind that these skills do not develop on their own. You can find the corresponding exercises in the articles and.
Formation of interest in reading. To do this, you need to try to read on your child's favorite topics. Lack of interest is the result of improper learning, which can kill the desire to go to school and learn something new.
Development of fine motor skills and physical training. Every parent should know. This prepares your baby's hand for writing, forming beautiful handwriting. Exercise for a huge amount. These include all types of creativity, for example, origami, applications, quilling, sewing, modeling, puzzles and so on - the main thing is to find what your baby likes and provide him with all the conditions and opportunities.
It may surprise you, but sports sections, dances, hikes, outdoor games, exercises, walks, and so on are also very important for the development of reading skills.
What can not be done?
How to teach a child to read quickly? Many parents think that for this they need to be forced to read many pages at a time. But in the end, you run the risk of running into resistance, which can lead to isolation and aggravated by a reluctance to study further. No need to suppress the will of the child!
- short words for those who have just learned (3 and 5 letters) and as many as they can;
- short texts for those who read 30 words, gradually increasing the volume;
- 1-2 pages for those who read 60-80 words, starting from one page and, if the child is not tired, you can give a second one; allow these children to read silently;
- 2-8 pages for those who read more than 120 words, starting with two pages and gradually adding them.
If the school set 10 pages, and for your child this is too much, you can change with him - he reads one page, you read the next, and so on. Thus, you will give him the opportunity to rest, and the process will not cause dislike in him.
How to train a child?
We offer several effective exercises for children of all ages who read at different speeds:
1. Practicing passages
The bottom line is this: we add 30 words to the actual reading speed. That is, if a child reads 30 words, we add another 30 to him, in the end he will work out 60. For those who can overcome 60 words in a minute, we give a text of 90 words and so on. The passage must be read three times in a row. For the first time, the baby is likely to be insecure and slow, in one minute he will not cope with the entire number of words: he will read either half or more, but not to the end. The task is to learn how to overcome this passage to the end in exactly 1 minute. That is, every day you need to read the selected text three times until you manage to hit one minute. Practicing the passage should go aloud, because our goal is to reach 180 words per minute.
2. Reading "Wave"
This exercise is suitable for children who, without straining, read at least 50-60 words per minute or more. First let the child read the text in the normal position, then turn the book 90 degrees - let him read the passage like this, then upside down and finally 180 degrees in relation to it. Start with a few sentences and work your way up to a full page. There is such an interesting indicator - if you let a child read the text upside down, then you can find out his real speed.
3. Reading tables of sounds, syllables, words
This is very effective exercise for those who read 30-60 words. It helps to move from syllable reading to word by word, speed up the recognition of letters and syllables. Tables need to be read correctly: only in columns, for a while (30 seconds - one table), the results should be written down (in order to track the dynamics), you need to start with one and strive to read three at a time. Make sure that the child pronounces the floor of the column in one breath - this will help work out intonation in the future. You can write the tables yourself or find them in the book by S. G. Zotov “Increasing Reading Speed”.
4. Reading with retelling - 1-2 pages, 4-8 pages
This exercise must be done every day. If the child reads very badly, then you can do it yourself, and let the baby retell. First, try to learn to retell in a paragraph, to find its essence. Then go to the full text. At the same time, it is not necessary to force the child to speak in detail from third parties - let him tell in general what the events were, who participated and how it ended.
5. Reasoning text - 12 sentences on a given topic
Usually this exercise is carried out with children in grades 3-4. They are given a certain thought, problem, some statement or question, and the child must discuss in detail on a given topic. Make sure that his sentences are logical, follow each other in a single connection and there are at least 12 of them. Therefore, be sure to give time for reflection - somewhere around 5-10 minutes. In fact, this psychological preparation for an oral exam in the future.
Daily Workouts
Let's decide what exercises can be included in daily workouts with a child to teach him to read quickly and efficiently:
- Tasks for the development of memory, attention, logic, anticipation (mandatory).
- Work with a passage of 60-80, 120-180 words (required, can be combined with school homework).
- Reading upside down, sideways (optional).
- Reading three tables 1-2 times a day (optional).
- Retelling of small texts (required, can be combined with school homework).
- Development of fine motor skills (mandatory).
Keep in mind that you should not force your child to exercise if he is tired or sick. You will not get the result, since all the forces of his body will be spent on recovery.
If your schedule allows, then you can do two workouts a day: in the morning and in the evening. And remember: one lesson - operating time, the second - consolidation. Even if you work with your child once a day, the next day there should be a consolidation of the material covered “yesterday”. Do not spend more than 30 minutes in the morning training, and 10-15 minutes in the evening. In the first lesson, try to do everything that is listed above. Secondly, let the child read the passage only once and only one table, and if there is time, you can do a retelling or complete a couple of tasks for the development of memory, attention or motor skills.
Be sure to try this technique with your child and share the results in the comments to the article.
Speed reading is a skill that is surprisingly easy to level up. You can improve your speed by using special software or by attending speed reading courses. In this article, we talk about 5 basic speed reading techniques that you can master yourself!
So here they are:
Stop saying words in your head
By the way, many people have an even more terrible habit: to speak the text aloud when reading. This slows down the process of reading more than pronouncing thoughts in your head. Subvocalization is a habit that most people have. When reading, we kind of “hear” all the words with the brain. Try to get rid of this habit and your reading speed will increase significantly! All you need to do is turn off the speech mechanism in your head. Try chewing gum while reading, mooing under your breath (tested on yourself, it helps!) Or even eat.
Avoid "returns"
When we read, we tend to look back and dwell on the word we just read. This slows us down a lot. Unfortunately, the only way get rid of this habit - recognize that you are doing it and record when you do it.
Follow the text
One of the most amazing speed reading techniques is meta guiding. Remember how in school, when reading a text, you ran your finger / pencil over it or followed it with the movement of your head? Well, this story is about that. It turns out that this method seriously speeds up the reading process. Don't forget to concentrate on each word if you want to remember the incoming information.
Speed reading, in fact, is not shown to everyone. Most people are able to process the vast amount of information they read on high speed but there are those who can't. If you're interested, give speed reading a try, but don't be discouraged if it doesn't work out. There are other options:
Skip sections (or even chapters) you don't need
Another trick to increase your reading speed is to skip necessary information. As former British Prime Minister Arthur James Balfour once said, “Man is only half the master of the art of reading, unless he adds to it the ability to skip unnecessary text.”
Skipping unnecessary text is one method of speed reading, and although it is not The best way for schoolchildren and students, but, for example, for scientists who are interested only in certain sections of a particular book, the method saves time perfectly. Professor David Davis shared his strategy for effective skimming:
1. Begin with an introduction or preface. Read them carefully to understand what the main feature of the book is and where the information you need is located.
2. Read the last chapter or conclusion.
3. Go through all the chapters and read the first and last paragraphs.
Obviously you won't do this with every book. We do not recommend. Skimming is best used on books that you are not very interested in reading, or for skimming through the book and identifying areas that interest you the most for later detailed study.
Listen to audiobooks when you can't read
Listen to audiobooks when you're driving, cooking, playing sports, and other times you can't read. It's a great way effective use time.
Read multiple books at the same time
Last year, Jeff Ryan set a goal of 366 books for himself to read in a year. Such a goal seems incredible until you find out how Ryan achieved it:
The idea of reading one book a day from cover to cover quickly fell through. Jeff also had days when he was busy with work and raising children, and he did not have a minute of free time to read. As a result, he used the method of parallel reading and eventually managed to complete his difficult challenge.
Of course, Jeff combined this tactic with the others we've listed here. The technique of reading several books at the same time implies that you can distinguish between the material you are reading and it does not merge into a continuous mess in your head. If there are signs of this behavior, adapt the method for yourself: read books of different genres and formats at the same time (example: comic book, novel and audiobook).
Discard Books That Don't Work for You
The advice seems obvious, but we still dwell on this point in more detail. So, if you have already read several chapters, but you don’t feel pleasure or benefit from reading, then just stop reading it. Think about why you don't enjoy reading. Is it just the wrong book at the wrong time? If so, then just postpone it until better times. Someone recommended a book to you, but you don't like it? Return it to the seller, give it as a gift, or donate it to the library. Don't waste your precious time on books you don't like.
Summary
Take a look at the books you want to read. With the methods described above, you will master them in less time. Set yourself a reading schedule and go!
It would seem that difficult to read? Each of us has been able to read since the age of five, and so far has coped well with works of varying complexity. However, not everything is as obvious as it seems at first glance. Have you ever noticed that even if the book was interesting, you still can't remember the name of the main character a couple of days after reading it?
The ability to read is not only the folding of letters into words, it is the comprehension of the meaning of what is read. Regardless of what you read - scientific book, piece of art or an article on the Internet. Therefore, effective reading must be learned. We offer you 10 tips on how to read books correctly in order to get the effect you expect.
- Do not try to embrace the immensity
It often happens that having joyfully bought several books, we put them on the shelf and never open them. And then we buy more and more new books in beautiful covers, adding to the endless list of unread. How to read books correctly? Don't buy too many at once. Better take one or two and read them at last. And do not fool yourself by buying expensive albums with high-quality illustrations - practice shows that for most people such books pointlessly gather dust on the shelves, remaining unclaimed.
- You don't have to read a boring book
Someone thinks that not finishing the book they started - Bad sign. Some people think that this is disrespectful to the author. But there are so many interesting things in the world! Don't waste time on things you don't like - it will only decrease your motivation to read. Give the book, for example, 50 pages. Or 70. If you still don't get the taste, put this one aside and take another one.
- Prepare to read
It is always important to know who is writing a book, what and why. Even if it's a tabloid detective. Do not be lazy and read the information about the author, abstract, a couple of reviews. If this is a specialized literature, it will not be superfluous to study the content and afterword - there are usually summed up and conclusions drawn, which will help you decide whether you need the information presented in the book.
- It's ok not to like paper books
Not everyone likes paper books. Dislike for books and reading is not an indicator of low intelligence outside. There are many alternative formats, for example, you can always listen to a book (audiobooks). Preference can also be given to articles, codecasts, thematic mailing lists.
- Use while reading with a simple pencil
Want to learn how to read books the right way? The main rule is to use a simple pencil when reading. They talk about this at school, but not everyone follows the advice of literature teachers. When you “read with a pencil,” the process is more thoughtful and efficient. You emphasize the thoughts you like, comment on something in the margins, as if talking with the author, and not just swallowing his monologue. And in this way you pass the text through yourself, highlighting the most important, interesting and useful.
- Reading less than 30-40 pages at a time is pointless
30-40 pages is about a chapter. A chapter is more or less a complete thought. If you read 5-10 pages and stop, you lose the logic of the story, and the rest of the chapter may become less clear to you. Try to read at least 40 pages at a time - this will help not only read the book before you get bored with it, but also understand it as deeply as possible.
- Don't focus on one genre
Do you like detectives? Great, but don't read 10 at once. Because the first couple of books will bring you pleasure, and the rest will seem insipid, because you will get fed up with the monotony of plots. Prefer non-fiction? Books on business or psychology? Alternate them with fiction or biographies famous people. This will not only diversify the reading process and expand your horizons, but will also prevent you from getting tired of one genre, even your favorite one.
- Share your impressions
The best way to express your opinion about a book is to write about it. For this, a special blog and an account in any social network are suitable. In writing your own review, your favorite quotes and comments in the margins will just help you. You will once again evaluate the work, remember your impressions, develop them - this will help you remember what you read better, and it is also very pleasant to discuss the book with other readers. And yet - you will never forget what and when you read. At the end of the year it is interesting to take stock.
The following follows from this rule:
- You can always re-read your reviews
To remember the details of the book or your emotions at the time of reading, for example. This is especially true for scientific literature.
- Discuss what you read
Discussion is not only a way to better understand the author, but also great opportunity learn to articulate your thoughts competently and reasonably. It is quite possible that after discussing the book, you will discover something new in it that you yourself did not pay attention to.