BMD - airborne combat vehicles. BMD - airborne combat vehicles Service in the troops and combat use

Soviet/Russian combat tracked amphibious vehicle, airborne by parachute, parachute-jet or landing method. BMD-3 is designed for transportation personnel airborne troops, increasing its mobility, armament and security on the battlefield.

Entered service in 1990.

History of creation

Work on the creation of the BMD-3 began in parallel with the development of the BMP-3. However, the development results showed that the mass of the BMP-3 with landing equipment will significantly exceed 20 tons, so the Il-76M aircraft will be able to lift on board only one combat vehicle. Therefore, in the early 1980s, work began on creating the appearance of an airborne combat vehicle. During the design, two variants of the BMD-3 were considered. The first assumed a vehicle with an armament complex consisting of a 100-mm 2A70 gun paired with a 30-mm 2A72 small-caliber automatic cannon. The estimated weight of such a BMD was 18 tons. The second option involved the use of a combat module with a 30-mm 2A42 automatic cannon. Thus, the loading of the Il-76M aircraft was either 2 BMD weighing 18 tons, or 3 BMD weighing 12.5 tons. Subsequent research work has proven that with the second option, BMD tasks are performed much more efficiently. Based on the experience gained and the results of research, on May 20, 1983, by resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Central Committee of the CPSU No. 451-159, the OCD was officially opened under the code “Bakhcha”. The work included the development of an airborne combat vehicle weighing 12.5 tons. The Volgograd Tractor Plant was appointed as the lead developer.

A month after the decree was issued, the tactical and technical specifications for the new BMD were agreed upon, and the technical design stage was completed. When developing the new BMD, the experience gained during the work on the BMD-1 and the Object 934 light tank was used. By 1985, three prototypes new BMD. According to the test results, it was revealed that all samples exceeded the permissible weight by 190-290 kg, the chassis of the machine gave numerous malfunctions, however, thanks to the prompt work design bureau VgTZ most of the shortcomings were eliminated and in May 1986, experienced BMD completed preliminary tests.

In 1986, the Volgograd Tractor Plant produced 3 more prototypes, which were sent for State testing. The new samples exceeded the permissible weight by 400 kg, as they were manufactured taking into account measures to increase the reliability of the chassis components. State tests of the BMD took place from October 27, 1986 to October 27, 1987. Based on the test results, two of the three vehicles were modified and sent for control tests in various climatic zones. The tests were carried out from July 10 to November 19, 1988. The test result on the topic “Melon” was assessed as positive. The vehicle generally complied with the tactical and technical requirements, therefore, on February 10, 1990, the Object 950 combat vehicle was adopted by the USSR under the designation BMD-3.

Description of design

Thanks to the two-channel sight, both the gunner-operator and the vehicle commander can fire from the cannon and the coaxial 7.62-mm machine gun. The vehicle is equipped with a stabilized combined day and night (active-passive) periscope sight.
The BMD-3 has individual universal seats for the entire combat crew (7 people), which are attached not to the bottom, but to the roof of the hull, this increases the protection of the vehicle crew from mines and landmines.
There is protection against weapons of mass destruction.
Ammunition, pcs.:
-30 mm rounds for the 2A42 cannon (500)
-cartridges caliber 7.62 mm (2000)
-ATGM “Competition” (4)
-shots for the AGS-17 grenade launcher (290)
-cartridges caliber 5.45 mm (2160)
-Air transportation: Il-76, An-22, An-124, Mi-26
-Airdropping: Il-76, An-22

Characteristics

Combat weight, t: 12.9..13.2
-Crew, people: 2
-Landing, people: 5
-Dimensions:
-Case length, mm: 6000
-Length with gun forward, mm: 6360
-Case width, mm: 3114
-Height, mm: 2170..2450
-Base, mm: 3200
-Gauge, mm: 2744
-Clearance, mm: 130..530
Reservations:
-Armor type: bulletproof. Steel turret, aluminum armor hull
Weapons:
-Caliber and brand of gun: 30 mm 2A42
-Gun type: rifled small-caliber automatic gun
-Cannon ammunition: 500+360
-VN angles, degrees: -5..+75
-GN angles, degrees: 360
-Firing range, km: up to 4
-Sights: BPK-2-42, 1PZ-3, PZU-5, PPB-2-2
-Machine guns: 1 x 7.62 mm PKT 1 x 5.45 mm RPKS-74
-Other weapons: 1 x AGS-17 “Plamya” 1 x PU ATGM 9M111 “Fagot”/9M113 “Konkurs”
Mobility:
-Engine type: Brand: 2B-06-2 Type: supercharged diesel Volume: 16950 cc Configuration: Opposed-6 Cylinders: 6 Fuel consumption in the combined cycle: 136..164 l/100 km Fuel consumption on the highway: 90 l/100 km Cooling: liquid Stroke (number of strokes): 4 Cylinder operating order: 1l-3p-2l- -1p-3l-2p Recommended fuel: DL, DZ, DA, TS-1, T-2, A-72 , A-76, AI-93 Engine power, l. pp.: 450
-Highway speed, km/h: 70..71
-Speed ​​over rough terrain, km/h: 10 afloat
-Highway range, km: 500
- Cruising range over rough terrain, km: 275..330
-Specific power, l. s./t: 24.3
-Suspension type: independent, individual pneumatic
-Specific pressure on the ground, kg/sq.cm: 0.32..0.48
- Climbability, degrees: 35
-Overcome wall, m: 0.8
-Ditch to be overcome, m: 1.5
-Fordability, m: floats

In 1978, a variant of the airborne combat vehicle was adopted into service with the Soviet Airborne Forces under the designation BMD-1P with increased firepower when firing at armored targets. The re-equipment of the linear ones was carried out by removing the Malyutka ATGM and installing the complex instead 9K113 "Competition" (9K111 "Bassoon") with semi-automatic guidance, increased armor penetration and an expanded range of combat ranges. Machine development BMD-1P was carried out in the same VgTZ design bureau by analogy with the modification of an infantry fighting vehicle. Production BMD-1P carried out from 1979 to 1986 - more than 1000 units were produced, and the commander version BMD-1PK– produced until 1987 (220 cars produced). In addition, all previously produced and BMD-1K. Thus, all remaining in service in Russia and the CIS countries after 1990 combat vehicles there were modifications to the landing force BMD-1P.

When re-equipping the base ones, the launch bracket for the 9M14M “Malyutka” missiles on the gun mantlet was dismantled, and a special pin was installed on the roof of the turret, onto which a rotating launcher was placed 9P135M(1) complex "Competition" ("Bassoon"). The shooter could fire missiles by leaning out of the tower hatch. The ATGM ammunition load was reduced to three pieces (two 9M113 and one 9M111), which are stowed inside the hull in standard launch containers instead of the old 9M14M stowage. Launcher with a sight at stowed position also fits inside the body; in addition, there is a tripod that turns the ATGM into a portable version, allowing firing from the ground. The 9K113 complex was intended to destroy tanks and other mobile armored objects moving at speeds of up to 60 km/h, stationary targets - firing points, as well as hovering enemy helicopters, subject to their optical visibility at ranges of up to 4000 m.

The ammunition load of the 2A28 gun included 16 rounds OG-15V With fragmentation grenades. In mechanized laying, they are located evenly - after three PG-15V shots - two OG-15V. The vehicle was also equipped with improved surveillance devices and an improved 1PN22M2 sight, new rollers, and the engine and transmission underwent some modifications. In addition, a gyroscopic semi-compass GPK-59, a calorific heater and a middle compartment fan were installed. Combat weight BMD-1P increased to 7.6 tons.

On the base BMD-1P a command vehicle was also produced BMD-1PK, which was different from BMD-1K only by the composition of the weapons that included new ATGM. It had a second R-123M radio station, a second R-124 intercom, an R-105M remote VHF radio, an AB-0.5-P/30 gas-electric unit and two removable tables for the commander and radio operator in the troop compartment. In the working position, the charging unit was attached to the outside of the housing. To improve the commander's working conditions, the left forward machine gun mount was removed from the vehicle, and the ammunition load for the 7.62 mm PKT machine guns was reduced to 3,000 rounds.

BMD-1

BMD-1 became the world's first combat landing vehicle, thrown out of the plane along with the crew. With our paratroopers BMD-1 passed through Afghanistan, and Chechnya, and South Ossetia. In the last conflict the crew of one BMD-1 defeated a Georgian military column .

And the story began BMD-1 in those glorious times when our country was a great and powerful power that controlled almost half the world. The Soviet airborne troops were then commanded by the famous Uncle Vasya - Vasily Filippovich Margelov. He tirelessly fought for the transformation of the Airborne Forces from light infantry into a full-fledged branch of the military, and constantly demanded new special airborne equipment from the state.
« To fulfill their role in modern operations, it is necessary that our formations and units be highly maneuverable, covered with armor, have sufficient fire efficiency, be well controlled, capable of landing at any time of the day and quickly proceed to active combat operations after landing", said the general Margelov. Exactly Margelov and created the concept BMD- airborne combat vehicle. He personally spoke with the heads of various design bureaus of the country conducting work on tank topics, convincing them to work on an airborne combat vehicle.
According to tactical and technical specifications BMD should have been in terms of armament, maneuverability, frontal armor protection and nomenclature installed equipment correspond to what was being developed at that time BMP-1, but the sizes and combat mass were strictly limited by the conditions of placement and free extraction of the vehicle by parachute through the cargo hatch of the An-12 production aircraft. The existing landing systems made it possible to land cargo weighing no more than 10 tons; two tons were allocated for landing equipment, and another half a ton for mass reserve.
In those days, the contractor was not determined by the size of the kickback or even the cheapness of the proposed project. From three projects, presented by different factories, the Volgograd tank project turned out to be the best. In many ways it resembled the future BMP-1, but its engine - a six-cylinder V-shaped diesel engine UGD-20A - was located at the rear, and the crew and troops were caught in BMD through a hatch located behind the turret in the roof of the hull. A more powerful and less fire-hazardous engine distinguished the Volgograd project from the other two, which used a 140-horsepower gasoline engine from a BRDM, but, nevertheless, the diesel engine had to be derated from 300 to 240 hp in order to reduce the consumption of fuels and lubricants that were delivered to the paratroopers by air. In this version, the engine received the index 5D20.

Despite the deformation, the engine provided a specific power of 35.7 hp/t. None of the combat vehicles then in service had such a specific power at that time.

Cooling was ejection, and, therefore, did not eat up the

Start the engine on BMD-1 early releases are carried out using a main electric starter or a backup air intake system. With the introduction of the engine driven compressor in 1973, the air intake system became mainstream. To make starting easier low temperatures, the engine was equipped with an electrically driven nozzle heater included in the cooling system.
The capacity of the fuel tanks was 295 liters, and the highway range reached 500 km.
The chassis consisted of an air suspension and a tracked propulsion system with electro-hydraulic track tensioning mechanisms and a rear-mounted drive wheels. The air suspension provided a change in ground clearance from 100 to 450 mm. Movement afloat was carried out by two water cannons located in the MTO between the engine and the sides of the hull.
The combat weight of the vehicle was 6.72 tons, the landing weight was 5.95 tons.
The BMD's armament included a 73-mm 2A28 Grom smoothbore gun, launcher ATGM "Malyutka", one coaxial and two 7.62-mm PKT machine guns. For firing from a twin weapon installation, a combined, non-illuminated (day and night) sight TPN-22 “Shield” was used. The loading mechanism and sighting system of the BMD and BMP were unified. The ammunition consisted of 35 active-reactive rounds for the gun (later on the production vehicle, the ammunition for the gun included 40 active-reactive rounds - full capacity loading mechanism), three guided missiles 9M14 ATGM "Malyutka" and 3000 rounds of ammunition for PKT machine guns.

In addition, 10 hand grenades F1 and flare gun with 10 signal cartridges.
Armored Corps BMD-1 It is a rigid box-shaped structure of complex shape, assembled by welding from rolled sheets of ABT-101 aluminum armor with a thickness of 10, 12, 15, 20, 23 and 32 mm. The frontal part of the body consists of two bent gable sheets: the upper one, 15 mm thick, located at an angle of 75° to the vertical and the lower one, 32 mm thick, located at an angle of 47°. IN cross section the hull is T-shaped with developed fender niches along the entire length, tapering in width at the bow. The sides of the hull are vertical and are assembled from 23 mm top sheets, 20 mm bottom sheets and inclined fenders. A passage is formed in the middle part of the hull above the engine-transmission compartment, as a result of which the feed consists of three sheets: the aft sheets of the fenders, which have a thickness of 15 mm and an inclination of 38°, and a lower 20-mm sheet, which has an inclination of 9°.

The hull roof is 12 mm thick above the middle compartment and 10 mm above the engine compartment. The bottom of the hull has a thickness of 10 mm and a slope of 70° at the front end and 12 mm in the rest. Since the bottom has a relatively small thickness, its rigidity is further increased by three longitudinal stampings and a longitudinal beam. The front of the hull and turret provided protection for the crew, troops and internal equipment from 14.5 mm armor-piercing bullets, side - from 7.62 mm bullets.

The first three experimental vehicles were tested from the factory to the working village of Erzovka (Volgograd region), at the factory testing ground - along a pound road, sand and mud, and also afloat - in a deep ravine with water. During the test, a “shortage” of the vehicle’s combat weight was revealed, which did not allow for prolonged stable movement and rolling of the vehicle. Based on the results, we chose the option with a four-speed gearbox; dual-slope rubber-coated rollers and a single-ridge track were installed in the chassis.
Comprehensive testing of BMD began in 1967 at the NIIIBTT test site in Kubinka near Moscow. Thanks to the high power density engine, low specific ground pressure and successful chassis design, BMD-1 possessed exclusively high cross-country ability on rough terrain. The relatively small ratio of the length of the supporting surface to the width of the track contributed to good maneuverability. In addition, control required relatively little force on the levers from the driver. The car confidently overcame a 32° rise, a vertical wall 0.7 m high and a ditch 2 m wide.

BMD-1 It also turned out to be surprisingly maneuverable - its turning radius is equal to its width, which is 2380 mm. Considering that its length is only 5400 mm, BMD-1 was placed in a 20-out container and could be secretly transported around the country without attracting the attention of enemy reconnaissance satellites.

The use of air suspension significantly increased the accuracy of shooting immediately. Therefore, in comparative tests with the BMP-1, the shooting accuracy was immediately BMD-1 turned out to be significantly higher - despite the fact that due to the lack of a loading mechanism on it, the gunner-operator was forced to constantly look away from the sight to load the gun.
Thanks to the use of water cannons and the support rollers being pulled to the hull while afloat, the new vehicle felt much more confident than its “infantry” counterpart. The afloat speed was 10.5 km/h, and there was no noticeable sagging of the lower branch of the caterpillar. The change in ground clearance helped to simplify the process of entering and exiting the water - in the latter, the presence of water-jet propulsion also significantly helped the car.
Based on the test results, the BMD was adopted for service under the designation BMD-1 Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated April 14, 1969.
Mass production BMD-1 unfolded at the Volgograd Tractor Plant, and on January 5, 1973, at the Slobodka airborne parachute track near Tula, for the first time in world practice, a landing was carried out BMD-1 on parachute-platform vehicles in the Centaur complex with two crew members on board. The crew commander was the son of Vasily Filippovich, senior lieutenant Alexander Vasilyevich Margelov, and the driver-mechanic was Lieutenant Colonel Leonid Gavrilovich Zuev.
In 1971, a commander version was adopted under the designation BMD-1 K, differing from the base vehicle in additional communication equipment, a gasoline charging unit to ensure its operation when the engine is turned off, removable tables for the commander and radio operator, a reduced ammunition load for machine guns and a permanent crew of six people.

BMD-1P with PBS-15 parachute system
In 1978, a modernized modification was put into service BMD, which received the designations in the linear and commander versions, respectively, BMD-1 P.
The main change introduced on BMD-1 P, began the installation of a new anti-tank missile complex 9K111, designed to destroy not only armored vehicles and bunkers, but also hovering helicopters. This entailed a reduction in the ammunition load of machine guns by 300 rounds. In addition, on BMD-1 The GPK-59 gyroscopic semi-compass, a calorific heater and a middle compartment fan began to be installed.

On the base BMD-1 a unique self-propelled gun with a gun-howitzer-mortar . Production BMD-1 P was carried out from 1979 to 1986. Currently in Russian Airborne Forces more than 700 have survived BMD-1.

BMD-1 in South Ossetia

Look

Light airborne combat vehicles armored vehicles, designed for landing using a parachute. They appeared in the USSR and had no analogues in the world, however, other countries did not really try to do something similar.

BMDs are designed to transport infantry and support them with fire from their guns. In this respect, they are similar to infantry fighting vehicles, but differ in strictly limited dimensions and weight, allowing military transport aircraft to parachute vehicles.

History of creation

It all started in the early 1960s when Soviet Union needed armed armored vehicles capable of transporting troops in conditions of tactical nuclear weapons, fight enemy armored vehicles and be air transportable.

At that time, there were infantry fighting vehicles, but their weight of 13 tons was not very suitable for transportation by plane, and there was no parachute system.

The commander of the airborne troops, Margelov, put forward an initiative to create new car, characterized by small dimensions and weight.

Military service and combat use

In 1968 in mass production The BMD-1 arrived, becoming the first-born in a family of similar equipment. The vehicle, weighing 7.2 tons, with bulletproof aluminum armor and protection against weapons of mass destruction, was easily transported by airplane and parachuted with the troops and crew inside.

Crew of 2 people, 5 paratroopers in the transport and combat compartment. The turret is equipped with a 2A28 “Grom” gun of 73 mm caliber, and a machine gun is coaxial with it. To combat heavily armored vehicles, a 9K11 “Malyutka” anti-tank missile system with an ammunition capacity of 3 wire-guided missiles is installed on the roof of the tower.

BMD-1 took part in many military conflicts, for example, in Afghanistan, two Chechen wars, Transnistrian and South Ossetian conflicts. There is one confirmed case of hitting an enemy tank with a 73 mm cannon.

The main disadvantage was the extremely weak security. Also, the large-caliber gun was poorly suited for combating enemy personnel and lightly armored targets at distances of 500 meters.

Improvement

In 1985, the BMD-2 appeared, equipped with a rapid-fire 30-mm 2A42 cannon and capable of combating air targets using air defense systems.

However, in 2013, the vast majority of such equipment turned out to be in unsatisfactory condition, as stated by the Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Federation Valery Gerasimov. He emphasized that, in addition to the wear and tear of the mechanisms, the vehicles are morally outdated and do not meet the requirements of a modern army.

From 1990 to 1997, production of the BMD-3 was carried out, featuring a new hull, chassis, and so on. Total in service national army There are about 10 units of such equipment.

Finally, it is worth mentioning the BMD-4, the newest representative of this family. Not a very popular car due to the extremely high price and disadvantages inherited from its predecessors in the form of poor protection.

What's next

Today, not everyone sees the point in cars of this class. Yes, they have advantages in the form of the ability to transport 2-3 vehicles in 1 plane, good mobility and sufficient firepower, but is it enough to cover them? main drawback in the form of unsatisfactory protection for the crew and landing force?

Let's leave this question to the military leaders, however, it is worth noting that such equipment is not used throughout the world. Of course, there are small-sized airborne vehicles like the Wiesel, but they are not intended for transporting troops and perform a different role on the battlefield.

To the question WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE OR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BMP AND BMD, OR DO THEY HAVE THE SAME CHARACTERISTICS? given by the author Rex-Leo & *Star* Sails the best answer is Below I have provided clippings from Wikipedia. After looking through them, I came to the conclusion: the BMD is suitable for landing and for independent combat (after all, there is a system missile weapons)
An amphibious combat vehicle (BMD, airborne combat vehicle) is a combat tracked amphibious vehicle that can be air-landed by parachute, parachute-jet or landing method. The BMD is designed to transport personnel of the airborne troops, increasing their mobility, armament and security on the battlefield.
BMD-1 - are dropped from An-12, An-22 type aircraft, and BMD-2 - from An-22, and Il-76 type aircraft.
BMDs are armed with:
a 73 mm caliber cannon (BMD-1) or an automatic 30 mm cannon (BMD-2, BMD-3) and a coaxial 7.62 mm PKT machine gun in a circular rotation turret;
one (BMD-2) or two (BMD-1) directional machine gun mounts in the front part of the hull;
a complex of anti-tank missile weapons (except for the command version of the BMD-2K).
A special hydraulic suspension system allows you to quickly change the ground clearance without leaving the car.
BMDs were used in airborne troops USSR since 1969 (BMD-1), now in service with Russia and a number of former Soviet republics.
Infantry fighting vehicle, BMP - armored combat tracked vehicle designed to transport personnel to leading edge, increasing its mobility, armament and security on the battlefield in conditions of the use of nuclear weapons and joint actions with tanks in battle.
It first appeared in the USSR in the early 1960s. (BMP-1).
Unlike armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles are always tracked (armored personnel carriers can be either tracked or wheeled). In other respects, the BMP differs from the armored personnel carrier better protection and higher firepower, although in Lately Variants of tracked armored personnel carriers have been developed on the basis of tanks with projectile-proof armor, so that the differences between tracked armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles in their combat properties have practically disappeared. You can distinguish such an armored personnel carrier from an infantry fighting vehicle by the main armament, which for armored personnel carriers is usually a machine gun, and for infantry fighting vehicles - a cannon of 20 mm and above, however, this difference is not fundamental, and many options modern armored personnel carriers This is confirmed with new combat modules. Also, the fundamental difference between an infantry fighting vehicle and an armored personnel carrier can be considered its adaptability to combat operations under conditions of the use of nuclear weapons.
Main characteristics of BMP-3 (1987):
weight 18.7 t,
crew (landing) 3 (7) people. ,
engine power 500 l. With. ,
weapons:
100 mm gun-launcher 2A70,
30 mm automatic cannon 2A72,
ATGM 9M117,
three 7.62 mm PKT machine guns.

Answer from 2 answers[guru]

Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE OR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BMP AND BMD, OR DO THEY HAVE THE SAME CHARACTERISTICS?

Answer from Alik[guru]
BMP - infantry fighting vehicle

BMD - airborne combat vehicle
The BMD is designed taking into account the possibility of landing from an aircraft, which imposes restrictions on the weight of the vehicle - hence less armor protection and caliber of weapons. That is, these are combat vehicles for completely different purposes.