Wild animals of our forests. Animals of the forest for children. Canadian forests and groves
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Wild animals “Inhabitants of the forest” part 1 Prepared by: Chernykh T.A.
Brown bear Brown bear lives in the forest and loves to climb trees. Despite his clumsiness, he can run fast and swim well.
Brown bear The bear is an omnivore. His favorite treats are honey and raspberries. And Brown Bear is an excellent fisherman!
Brown bear The bear lives in a den. He sleeps in his house all winter, living off accumulated fat reserves. in spring Brown bear wakes up.
The most famous bear cub is Winnie the Pooh HONEY
Squirrel The squirrel lives in the forest, but sometimes it can be found in the park. Such squirrels are not afraid of humans and can take a nut from his hands. It is better not to give peanuts and sunflower seeds to squirrels.
Squirrel Squirrels are omnivores; they love to feast on nuts, mushrooms, berries, and seeds. In spring they feed on tree buds. Sometimes they eat insects, frogs and small birds.
Squirrel Duplo is a house for a squirrel, where it stores supplies for the winter. And sometimes he buries nuts in the ground.
Hare The hare is the most timid animal. As soon as he hears a rustle, he’ll immediately run - he’s an excellent athlete! In summer the hare is gray, and in winter it changes its coat to white.
Hare The hare loves carrots, apples and cabbage, but since he is a forest dweller, he eats various grass, thin twigs, bark, seeds, and berries.
Hare The hare lives in a hole that it digs under a bush, so it hides from predators - the wolf and the fox.
Wolf Wolves live in packs, the strongest and bravest wolf is the leader.
Wolf A wolf does not have a special home; they can live in a rock crevice or thicket of bushes, but when they breed, they make a den.
Wolf The wolf is a predator and hunts at night. Eats meat, poultry, loves fish. When there is no prey, wolves eat berries, fruits and even mushrooms. At night you can hear a wolf howling at the moon.
Boar The boar is the ancient ancestor of the pig. Lives where there is water nearby. Although the boar is clumsy, it runs quickly and swims well. The boar is a very ferocious animal!
Wild boar During the day, the wild boar lies in a dug hole, and in the evening it comes out to look for food - these are roots, fruits, plants. The boar's favorite delicacy is acorns.
Boar The boar is very strong, they are not afraid of anyone except the wolf, lynx and man.
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Lesson summary “Life of wild animals in the forest in winter”
Summary of a lesson on the natural environment and environmental education “The life of wild animals in the forest in winter” in a preparatory group for school...
Summary of direct educational activities on the development of coherent speech in the preparatory group on the lexical material of wild animals. GCD topic: Wild animals of our forests.
Lesson on speech development in the preparatory group...
Geographically zone mixed forests occupies the territory between the tundra and the subtropical region. Both coniferous trees grow here - pines, larches, spruces, and deciduous trees - beeches, chestnuts, birches. The undergrowth, formed by dense bushes, is often difficult to pass through, and there is less snow under the trees, which allows animals to find some food here. Some of the animals living here hibernate, others travel long distances in search of food.
Winter in the forest.
In winter, cold, snow and short days prevent the growth and flowering of grasses and shrubs. Many herbivores, experiencing a lack of food, move to areas with a milder climate. Some animals prepare their burrows, dug in the ground or built in natural depressions (hollows, caves), in order to fall into a long sleep (hibernation), which will last throughout the winter months, interrupted only by short awakenings. Many holes are filled with food collected over the summer, but sometimes animals have enough subcutaneous fat, accumulated during the warm season, which allows them to survive the long winter. There are also inhabitants of the forest who do not leave their habitable places and do not hibernate: they look for food in dense thickets, where there is less snow.
Many animals fill their holes with acorns and other food supplies.
In spring and summer, hares feed on young shoots, roots and tender grass, and in winter they are content with the bark of bushes and small trees.
In winter, the forest only seems uninhabited, but in fact it is full of life. Mammals, reptiles and amphibians only hid in their burrows, where they hibernated. cold winter in anticipation of the spring awakening of nature.
The badger spends the winter in a hole underground. The cubs usually stay with their mother, but can also take refuge in their own burrow.
Canadian forests and groves.
In the north of the American continent is Canada, a large country rich in forests. As you move north you can see how deciduous trees I am giving way to conifers, which are more resistant to severe winter cold.
Mostly carnivores live in these areas: common and silver foxes, wolves, wolverines, as well as bears, which often attack other animals, although they mainly feed on fruits.
The northern part of Canada is very vast and sparsely populated. There is poor communication and a harsh climate: only three months a year the temperature rises to + 10 0 C, and only during this period does nature wake up. The rest of the year, the struggling vegetation provides food for herbivores. Lakes, rivers and seas are covered with ice. In such conditions, few animals behave sedentary image life. The main mass migrates, moving south with the onset of autumn.
Charity wall newspaper for schoolchildren, parents and teachers “Briefly and clearly about the most interesting things.” Issue 105, March 2017. The most common animals, birds, reptiles and amphibians living in the Leningrad region.
Wall newspapers of the charitable educational project “Briefly and clearly about the most interesting things” (site site) are intended for schoolchildren, parents and teachers of St. Petersburg. They ship free to most educational institutions, as well as to a number of hospitals, orphanages and other institutions in the city. The project's publications do not contain any advertising (only founders' logos), are politically and religiously neutral, written in easy language, and well illustrated. They are intended as informational “inhibition” of students, awakening cognitive activity and aspirations to read. Authors and publishers, without claiming to be academically complete in presenting the material, publish Interesting Facts, illustrations, interviews with famous figures of science and culture and thereby hope to increase the interest of schoolchildren in the educational process. Please send your comments and suggestions to: pangea@mail.. We thank the education department of the Kirovsky district administration of St. Petersburg for their support at the start of the project and everyone who selflessly helps in distributing wall newspapers. Special thanks to the publishing house Amphora for the book “Animals of Our Country” (2010), the material of which is the basis for this issue.
© N. N. Charushina-Kapustina, illustrations, 2017.
© V. M. Brave, text, 2017.
Dear friends! Our series "Nature" native land"continues with an issue that combines the work of two remarkable masters of their craft. “I was born into a surprisingly bright and friendly family, and my childhood was the same - surprisingly bright and joyful... The smell of rotten leaves, warmed by the sun, frogs began to purr, flocks of geese flew, ducks whistled with their wings - everything was filled with life, came to life before our eyes. Since then, real spring begins for me with the first song of the blackbird. I feel the delight of a child who New Year's Eve I found a gift under the tree when at the end of March, from somewhere far away, at sunset, a blackbird quietly begins to sing! And there is no happier and richer person than me at this moment!” This is how N. N. Charushina-Kapustina, successor to the dynasty of wonderful artists Charushins, talks about her childhood. Natalya Nikitichna kindly agreed to provide her drawings for our wall newspaper. And the text that was written by a St. Petersburg ornithologist, Ph.D. biological sciences, senior Researcher Zoological Institute Russian Academy Sciences Vladimir Mikhailovich Brave, makes this issue not only visual and interesting, but also scientifically reliable. In the “Nature of the Native Land” series, read our following issues on the website: “Wildlife of St. Petersburg parks” (No. 43), “Beasts of our forests” (No. 56), “ Rare birds Leningrad region"(No. 59), "Butterflies of the Leningrad Region" (No. 92), "Fishes of the Leningrad Region" (No. 94), " Protected areas Petersburg" (No. 95), "Reserved territories of the Leningrad region" (No. 97) and a number of others.
Thank you for being with us!
White hare
Who doesn't know the hare? The ears are long, the tail is short and stubby. In summer, the white hare is slate or reddish-gray, in winter it is white. It lives in floodplain meadows and sparse deciduous forests. The hare has a lot of enemies, he is afraid of everyone. During the day he sleeps, hiding under a bush or in the grass. In winter it digs holes in the snow. At night the hare comes out to feed. It eats grass, branches, gnaws bark from trees, for which gardeners do not favor it. Hares are fertile. The first litter - baby bunnies - appears when the snow has not yet melted. The second - in the middle of summer, and the third, deciduous - in the fall. In spring, males often fight - they stand on their hind legs and “box” with their front legs. Hares rarely give voice; they only scream loudly and pitifully when they are frightened.
Squirrel
The squirrel is a forest dweller, but is also found in city parks. A cute animal with a fluffy tail, very trusting, deftly jumps from branch to branch, moves freely up and down the tree trunk, and runs quickly along the ground. During the day, the squirrel feeds by collecting berries, mushrooms, and tree fruits. It can destroy bird nests by eating eggs and chicks. The squirrel makes provisions for the winter, hiding in hollows and burying acorns, cones, nuts between the roots, hanging mushrooms on the branches, but often forgets about its pantries and uses the supplies of mice and chipmunks. At night it sleeps on a tree in a haina - a spherical nest of twigs, bast and moss, lined with wool and feathers on the inside. A frightened squirrel makes a loud noise.
Hedgehog
In deciduous forests, in clearings and forest edges, you can find a hedgehog. His entire body, except for his soft fluffy belly and elongated shaggy muzzle with shiny beady eyes and a black, always wet nose, is covered with needles. Usually the hedgehog spends the whole day in a nest, which it constructs from leaves and branches somewhere under the roots of a tree. In the evening, the hedgehog wakes up and wanders through the forest at night, feeding on insects, frogs, snails and mice. Contrary to popular belief, the hedgehog does not prick food on its needles, but sometimes carries dry leaves pinned on its needles to the nest. Having eaten enough over the summer, the hedgehog sleeps in its nest all winter. In the spring, male hedgehogs sing, their song is a monotonous panting.
Fox
A fox can be seen in a field, in a forest, in a meadow, on the shore of a pond. You can't confuse her with anyone. The red fox fur coat and long fluffy tail with a white tip are painfully noticeable. Winter fur is thicker and longer than summer fur. The fox is a very smart animal. In winter, she digs out mice running in the snow by hearing them - she mouses. In summer it catches frogs, small birds and animals. When preparing to hatch their cubs, foxes dig cunning, long holes with several exits. And sometimes they settle in those dug up by a badger or other animal. Foxes are caring parents. The male takes care of the female and her cubs. The fox's voice is clear and she barks.
Gray wolf
This large animal looks like a dog, whose ancestor it is. Only the wolf’s muzzle is wider, its forehead is more convex and its tail (hunters call it a “log”) is usually lowered. Timber wolves have gray fur, tundra wolves have almost white fur, and steppe wolves have reddish fur. The wolf avoids dense forests. They make dens only for breeding offspring, in thickets of bushes or crevices. The main prey of wolves in the forests are elk, roe deer, deer, and wild boars. But the gray predator does not disdain small prey: hares, birds, bird eggs. Wolves are very smart, deftly avoid danger, and are skilled in hunting, which they conduct in packs. They are silent animals, but in autumn and winter wolves often howl.
Lynx
This large forest cat on high legs, with long tufts on its ears, is a very cautious animal. She lives in dense forests, away from human habitation. The lynx is an excellent hunter, guarding its prey for a long time in ambush. During the day, she usually lies down in her lair under the upturned roots of a tree, in a hole or crevice, and at dusk she looks for prey. The lynx feeds on small animals and birds, but can attack large birds and deer fawns. The lynx is silent, but in the spring it purrs and screams loudly and sharply. In the silence of the night, these sounds produce an eerie impression on a person.
Elk
One of the largest animals in our forests is elk. It is easily recognized by its long powerful legs, hook-nosed muzzle and high, hump-shaped withers. Adult males grow large, spade-like horns. In late autumn, the elk sheds its antlers and walks without them until spring. In the summer, when moose are plagued by heat and midges, they rest during the day and go out to graze at night. In winter, on the contrary, they feed during the day and sleep in the snow at night. The moose feeds on branches of trees and bushes. His voice can be heard at the end of summer in the mornings and evenings. At this time, the males moan - muffled and moaning protractedly.
Boar
If you come across dug up soil in a forest or field, you know: a herd of wild boar was grazing here. The wild boar (boar) differs from its descendant, the domestic pig, by its laterally flattened body, thick and long grey-black-brown bristles and black patch. Old boars grow large tusks that protrude from under their snouts. The little piglets of wild boars are striped. Boars live in large families. They spend the day lying down, and when evening comes, they wander through the forests and fields in search of food, dig the ground and eat roots, seeds and fruits of plants, larvae and bugs. They swim in deep puddles or holes filled with water and mud. Wild boars, like domestic pigs, grunt. An angry boar is very dangerous.
Brown bear
The bear is clumsy in appearance - large, heavy-set, club-footed. In fact, it is a very agile and formidable forest animal that runs quickly, swims beautifully and climbs trees. One blow from a mighty bear's paw can break a bison's back. Although the bear is a predator, for the most part it feeds on herbs, berries, fruits, grains and plant roots. In winter, the clubfoot sleeps in a den, under the protection of a windbreak or uprooted tree roots. Sometimes, not having had time to fatten up during the fall, he wakes up and wanders around in search of food - he becomes a connecting rod. In February, cubs are born in bear dens. The bear is silent, but sometimes it growls so loudly that your soul sinks into your heels.
Pine marten
Jumping from branch to branch, a long-tailed animal moves through the forest like lightning. brown animal with a large yellow spot on the throat - pine marten, or yellowthroat. Its long, bushy tail helps it maintain balance when climbing and jumping. The marten feels equally at home in trees and on the ground. During the day, she rests in hollows, abandoned nests of squirrels or birds of prey, and at dusk she goes out hunting. It feeds mainly on squirrels and forest birds, which it kills with a bite to the back of the head. Some martens search for the nests of wild bees and eat honey. In late summer and autumn they store food for the winter. A frightened marten makes an unpleasant, creaking hiss.
Otter
On rivers and lakes rich in fish, the otter is found - a long, short-legged animal with a thick, naked and muscular tail. Its streamlined body is perfectly suited for swimming. The paws have special swimming membranes. The fur does not get wet in water. Seeing an otter is not easy. She is very cautious and hunts at night. It feeds on fish, sometimes eating frogs, rodents, and birds. Lives in burrows among coastal thickets. On land it looks clumsy, but in water it moves quickly, overtaking even the fastest fish. The otter is a very active animal that spends a lot of time playing. When playing, the animals emit long, unpleasant-to-hear trills.
Beaver
A small stream in the forest that suddenly turned into a large lake is the work of beavers. Beavers are natural dam builders. This is how they regulate the water level in their habitats. After all, the beaver is a semi-aquatic animal. Its flat, bare tail, covered with horny scutes, resembles an oar. Beavers feed on bark and thin branches of trees and shrubs. They live big family in coastal burrows or huts, which are built on a dam or on the shore from brushwood coated with clay. In the fall, beavers store a lot of branches underwater - enough to last throughout the winter. They feed and work mainly at night. In case of danger, they dive, giving an alarm signal - loudly slapping their tail on the water.
Badger
Few people see the badger. And all because he leads night look life. Badger digs on the slopes sand hills, forest ravines and gullies, deep branched burrows. Sometimes these are entire settlements. This is where the badger spends most of the daylight hours. And as soon as it gets dark, he goes out hunting, wanders around his hole, looking for insects, mice, frogs, fruits and plant roots - feeding fat, which has a very valuable properties. In the north, the badger hibernates in the fall until spring. In the spring, badgers give birth to cubs. At night in the forest you can sometimes hear a loud and ringing cry of a badger, similar to the cry of a goose.
Viper
When you go to the forest to pick mushrooms and berries, you can find a viper, a poisonous snake, whose bite is painful and very dangerous, at the edge of the forest, clearing, overgrown burnt area or swamp. Vipers love to bask in the sun, settling on paths, stumps, hummocks and stones. Sometimes they even crawl into the garden and meadow. When meeting a person, the viper usually tries to hide. But if he sees him as a threat, he hisses and makes throws. Therefore, it is better not to make sudden movements when meeting her. At night, vipers hunt mice, frogs and insects. The viper is a viviparous snake: the eggs develop and the young hatch in the womb. Two or three times a year, vipers molt, shedding their old skin. In the fall, they hide in holes and crevices, preparing to hibernate.
Already
Already is a harmless creature. He is easily tamed. It is distinguished from other snakes by two large, clearly visible light spots on the sides of the head (“ears”). He lives near water - he loves to swim and often swims. It feeds mainly on frogs and rodents. In the summer, the snake lays several dozen eggs, covered not with a shell, but with a soft leathery shell, in a pile of rotten leaves, a cushion of moss or a rotten stump. After about two months, small snakes hatch from the eggs. First of all, they must find a place for wintering: on the calendar it is already the end of summer or the beginning of autumn. Snakes hibernate in large groups deep under tree roots or under rock piles.
Brittle spindle
In the summer, at the edge of the forest, a nimble creature will sometimes flash among the fallen leaves. Body like a snake, blunt tail. This is a legless lizard - a spindle. It can be easily distinguished from a snake by its moving eyelids. Because of its yellowish color it is also called copperhead. In winter, she sleeps in a deep hole or under the roots of a stump. And at the beginning of summer this legless lizard cubs appear. It was called spindly because its body shape resembles a spindle, and brittle because of the ability to shed its tail, which is characteristic of many lizards. They grabbed her by the tail, and she did it! – she broke it off and threw it away. The main thing is to get away from danger, and a new tail will grow.
Lizard
These nimble creatures come across you everywhere, darting around on warm days in the garden, in the vegetable garden, in the forest among stones and plants. Many people are wary of lizards; some consider them harmful and even poisonous. However, lizards are not just harmless - they bring enormous benefits by eating a great variety of different garden pests. If lizards have settled in your garden or vegetable garden, do not drive them away or catch them to admire or play. Most common in the southern regions quick lizards reproduce by laying eggs in the soil. In the middle zone and to the north there is a viviparous lizard.
Triton
Newts are close relatives of frogs, but, unlike them, they have a tail. Look for newts in shallow bodies of water, in damp, shady places in secluded corners of the forest or old garden. In summer, they swim briskly in the water, periodically rising to the surface for air. On land you will very rarely see a newt - except perhaps immediately after a warm July rain on a forest path. Female newts lay on leaves aquatic plants eggs, from which offspring hatch after two to three weeks. Newts are beneficial amphibians. They destroy mosquito larvae, including malaria ones. Newts overwinter under a thick moss cover, in rotten stumps, root passages, rodent and mole burrows, basements and cellars.
pond frog
Lives in a variety of reservoirs of broad-leaved and mixed forests pond frog. It is often called green due to its bright green coloration with a light stripe along the back and some black spots. The pond frog is thermophilic. And her winter hibernation is long, and in the spring she revives only after truly warm days. At the end of May, the female pond frog lays two to three thousand eggs, from which tadpoles emerge - future frogs. The pond frog feeds on beetles, mosquitoes, ants and other small crawling and flying insects.
grass frog
In the forest and fields, in bush thickets and damp meadows, in swamps, along the banks of rivers and lakes, even in populated areas there is a grass frog. It is olive or reddish-brown above, with dark spots on the back and sides. In spring, males have a blue throat and are lighter in color than females. Having awakened from hibernation, frogs gather in large numbers in puddles, ditches, forest ponds, and oxbow lakes, where females lay eggs. The twilight is announced by frog choirs - loud croaking. The female grass frog lays more than a thousand eggs, from which tadpoles hatch. The grass frog feeds on beetles, caterpillars, mollusks, earthworms and spiders.
Toad
The gray toad, large, slow, lives in forests and groves, parks and gardens, and vegetable gardens. Toads' skin is dry, pimply, and may be covered in acrid secretions. Therefore, after touching the toad, it is better to wash your hands so that these caustic substances do not get into your mouth or eyes. But the idea that warts appear from this is complete nonsense. Caustic mucus is the only protection of these very useful animals that rid gardens and vegetable gardens of pests. Adult toads feed on a variety of invertebrate animals, often exterminating those that birds do not eat.
Bullfinch
In winter, everything around is painted in strict white and black tones. But then bright, elegant red-breasted birds flew to a bare lilac or hawthorn bush. These are male bullfinch – the female’s plumage is not so bright, her breast is greenish-gray. All summer the bullfinches lived in the forests where they raised their chicks. In the fall, they gathered in small flocks and went in search of rowan and other berries, closer to human habitations. So all winter they wander through parks, squares, gardens and vegetable gardens, looking for food.
Remez
In the thickets of bushes, along the banks of rivers, lakes, ponds and other bodies of water, a small, inconspicuous titmouse scurries about. Looking for food, it nimbly climbs branches, hanging upside down or with its back. And very often makes a thin whistle tsii-tsii, which can be heard far away. From plant fluff, animal hair and bird feathers, the remez weaves an unusual mitten nest, studded on the outside with birch bark, bud scales and flower catkins of willow and poplar. The nest is usually attached to the end of a willow, birch or reed branch drooping above the water. Remez, the only one of our tits, flies to warm regions for the winter, far from the places where she raised her chicks.
Lesser Spotted Woodpecker
On a frosty winter day, fluffed up, raising the red feathers on its head like a brush, a small spotted woodpecker crawls through the trees, a pockmarked ball, animatedly tapping with its beak the cracks and crevices in the bark: are insects that it finds tasty hidden there? Usually he silently jumps along the trunks, but in the spring he often announces himself loudly cue-cue-cue. This bird prefers to stay mixed and deciduous forest, floodplains, found in gardens and parks. The nest is made in a hollow, which is hollowed out in dry and rotten trees. In the summer, noisy chicks appear in the nest, demanding to be fed quickly.
Starling
In our country, the starling is the harbinger of spring. As soon as the first thawed patches appear, birds fly to their native places and immediately announce their arrival with a song: chirping, gurgling, clicking, whistling, sounds overheard from other birds and animals. The starling is a forest bird, but it willingly settles next to humans, in villages and even big cities, in birdhouses hung on the balconies of high-rise buildings. Everyone recognizes the starling: the plumage is black, the beak is long and yellow. In search of food, birds quickly walk along the ground and pierce the soil with their beaks everywhere, fly straight and fast. After leaving the nest, young starlings gather in large flocks and feed in fields, meadows and river floodplains.
Nightjar
Spring and summer evening in the sparse old forest a long, monotonous dry trill echoes: tr-werr-werr-werr-werr. This rattling sound, heard far away in the twilight, is the song of a nightjar, which sat on the branch of a dry tree. Having finished the song, he takes off, flaps his wings widely and jumps accurately, shuddering in the air. Seeing a silent nightjar is not easy. Clinging to the trunk, completely motionless, it sits, merging with the bark thanks to its speckled color. The bird owes its strange name to an old German belief that attributed to it the ability to milk goats. After all, nightjars always circle around grazing livestock, sitting at the feet of cows, goats or sheep. Only they are attracted not by milk, but by insects that gather near animals and their droppings.
Great tit
In the January cold, as soon as the sun appears, the great tit begins to sing, constantly catching your eye in parks, gardens and along the outskirts of forests, very mobile and noticeable: the abdomen is bright yellow, divided black stripe, white cheeks. Flying from branch to branch, it makes a ringing sound ping-ping-charzhzhzh, zirrererererere, qi-qi-qi. Her loud song consists of repeated syllables: pintyu-pintyu, tsintitya-tsintitya, ding-tu-ding-tu. The great tit makes its nest in hollows and crevices on the trunk, various artificial nests, and under the roofs of houses. In parks, great tits are often driven out of their nesting areas by sparrows. In winter, tits flock to feeders, which help the birds survive the winter lack of food.
Owl
A short-eared owl soars silently over damp forest clearings, swamps and fields. She hunts more during the day than at night. Its flight is light and smooth, with rare, deep flapping of its wings. She circles above the ground for hours, looking for mice. It sees prey, stops in the air, frequently flapping its wings, and falls steeply down, grabbing the prey. The short-eared owl is a migratory bird. She spends the winter in the south of our country. In the spring, arriving at nesting sites, short-eared owls organize air games - they fly after each other, often making a dull, repetitive sound. boo Boo Boo. Unlike other owls, which do without nests, the short-eared owl makes its nest on the ground, in the middle of dense bushes or thickets of grass.
Golden eagle
Berkut is the largest predatory bird our country. Its wingspan exceeds two meters. The golden eagle is called the golden eagle for the golden feathers on the back of the adult bird's head. This is a real bird king. His vision is very acute. The golden eagle can see a hare at a distance of up to four kilometers. He is the swiftest of the eagles. Pursuing prey, it covers more than a hundred kilometers per hour. The golden eagle makes its nest high in a tree or on a rock. Usually it serves a pair of birds for many years, which corrects and builds on it, so that over time it reaches two to three meters in diameter. Often sparrows build nests between its branches, which golden eagles do not notice. The golden eagle is silent. Only sometimes can you hear it quietly kyev-kyev-kyev, reminiscent of the barking of a small dog.
Pied Flycatcher
On bright forest edges and in parks, an active bird with a contrasting black and white coloring sings. This is a male pied flycatcher. The female is gray and inconspicuous. The singing male is usually visible: he prefers to sit on a separate branch or on the roof of an artificial nest. When singing, it often lowers its wings and spreads its tail, quickly shaking its wings. As if it were trying to take off, it spreads its wings and immediately folds them again. He lets out a loud short trill: qi-kru, qi-kru-qi, qi-kru-tsi or three-twist-twist-three. And at the nest in front of the female she often chirps quietly qu-qu-tsifiruflit or pil-pil-filili-lililily.
Cuckoo
Who hasn’t heard the sonorous sound repeated over and over again in the forest? peek-a-boo? This makes itself known to the male cuckoo. Cuckooing sounds day and night, especially in the morning and evening dawn. Usually the male crows while sitting on a branch in the upper part of the crown. While singing, it lowers its wings, raises and spreads its tail. The cuckoo does not build nests. The female throws her egg into the nest of some small bird (robins, warblers, warblers). The cuckoo chick is usually the first to hatch and strives to throw away everything it finds nearby, getting rid of other chicks. His appetite is excellent: from dawn to dusk, small birds carry food to a foundling that is huge in comparison with them. When feeding a grown cuckoo, they have to stick their head deep into its open mouth.
Crow
The raven is a large bird with a large and strong beak, which helps protect itself from enemies and obtain food. It is easier to hear a raven than to see it - to catch the whistling of the wings of mighty birds, their roll call in flight - a dull cro-cro or sharp crook-crook. Sharp-sighted crows fly over forests and fields, looking out for prey. They feed mainly on carrion. If a wounded animal leaves the hunters and dies in the forest, the crows immediately flock to the feast. Relatives rush to the cry of those who have found prey, and a whole flock gathers. And suddenly everyone took off into the air at once, circled and settled in the trees. It was someone stronger who came ready - wolves, or even the owner of the forests himself, the bear. Now sit and wait for the animals to be satisfied.
Spruce crossbill
In February, when the forests are covered in snow and frost crackles, a beautiful bird with red plumage, the spruce crossbill, begins building a nest. He builds his nest - quite large and well insulated - on high and dense coniferous trees, often on spruce trees. The beak of the crossbill is thick, with intersecting ends - this makes it easier to get seeds from spruce cones, which serve as the crossbills' main food. The crossbill moves slowly along the branches, sometimes with the help of its beak. Usually sings on the tops of trees. The singing crossbill often performs “dances” and can fly around a tree singing. His voice is clear. During the flight, a long sound sounds almost continuously. tiktiktiktiktiktik or voiced clack clack clack.
Goldfinch
The most beautiful bird of bright forests and gardens is the goldfinch. He flutters among the branches like a bright butterfly. Not only is he handsome, he is also very mobile, even fidgety, a master of hanging in various possible and impossible positions on the thinnest branches or even on burdock cones, often quarreling with his fellows in his own goldfinch language: rerererere. Sitting on the top of a tree, the goldfinch carries himself like a dandy, smart, proud of his beauty, and sings a loud and beautiful song: puy-puy, sti-glick, pickel-nick.
Magpie
Magpies don't like thickets. In spring it stays at the edge of the forest, in the bushes. In autumn it moves to villages, closer to people. Its long stepped bluish-green tail is especially noticeable. The plumage of the lower leg and undertail are black, and the lower part of the chest, abdomen and stripes on the shoulders are white, for which it is nicknamed white-sided. But what attracts the magpie’s attention more than its colorful outfit is its bustle and chattering. The magpie builds its large spherical nest in the depths of a bush or tree. Usually noisy, stays quiet near the nest. This omnivorous bird attacks small songbirds and pecks eggs and chicks in their nests. If a thief magpie gets into the habit of flying into the yard, it will not only steal eggs from the chicken coop, but maybe also kill the chickens.
Chiffchaff
In early spring, when the buds on the trees are just beginning to swell, a melodic whistle is heard at the top of the crown: shadow-tian-ting-tun-shadow as if drops are splashing into water. This is sung by one of our smallest birds - the chiffchaff, or, as it is popularly called, the grasshopper. She is small, but her voice is loud and can be heard from afar. All day long she crawls around in the peaks tall trees, pecking small insects. And with the onset of summer, it arranges a nest-hut with a side entrance on the ground, under a bush or in a hummock.
song thrush
The loudest and most intricate song in the spring forest is the song thrush. Despite the fact that the outfit is modest: the entire plumage is brownish-olive, only on the belly it is whitish with an ocher tint. The blackbird is noticeable with its singing. Throughout the spring and half of the summer it sings for days, especially in the morning and evening, falling silent only in complete darkness. His song is melodic, with slowly and clearly written whistled phrases with obligatory double repetition: Philip-Philip, come, come, tea-tea, Vitya-Vitya.
Grouse
Beautiful grouse. Few people compare with it in our forests: the plumage is black with a blue tint, the eyebrows are bright red, the tail is like a lyre - the outer feathers are strongly curved to the sides (that’s why it is called a braid), the undertail is bright white, and there are white mirrors on the wings. And yet in the spring they search for black grouse by their voice. As soon as the weather gets warmer and the days lengthen, the males gather in a clearing or moss swamp, where the snow melts earlier. Here they sing and tok. They make something like gurgling or muttering, walk, even run after each other, with their tail unfurled, neck inflated and lowered, and wings spread to the ground. The muttering is interrupted by a loud croak and hissing chuffyshh. At the current, black grouse often jump and flap their wings, and sometimes fight like domestic roosters.
Robin
In the spring, in the dense mixed and coniferous forests, the robin appears from migratory birds - a small, very trusting bird with a crimson breast and large, slightly sad, beady eyes. You will recognize it not only by its colored breast, but also by its characteristic crackling sound. tick-tick-tick and a thin whistle sip or tsii. Its melodic, chirping and murmuring trills begin with drawn-out sounds and sometimes last for quite a long time, but are more often interrupted by short pauses. In spring, the robin sings all day until dark. She often visits summer cottages. In the spring he loves to jump around the beds and collect small insects and worms, and in the fall he enjoys eating garden berries.
Shrike
Have you ever, on the outskirts of a garden or forest edge, where there are a lot of bushes, come across a dry bush, the sharp branches of which are strewn with beetles, grasshoppers and even frogs and lizards? It was a small feathered robber, the shrike, collecting food in reserve. His head is large, his beak is hooked, his tail is long, his flight is wavy, and he is also constantly dissatisfied with something and shouts sharply: check-check. The shrike likes to sit on top of a bush from where it watches the surrounding area. His vision is sharp and his hearing is subtle. As soon as someone moves in the grass, the shrike breaks off the branch, and a few moments later the prey is in its beak.
Barn Swallow
Anyone who has been to the village knows the barn swallow - the killer whale. Its tail is fork-shaped, the outer feathers are much longer than the middle ones. This is especially noticeable when it flies high or flies low above the ground, spreading its tail like a fan. The song of a killer whale is a cheerful twitter, ending with the crackling trill of cerrr. The killer whale makes a nest - a bowl fashioned from lumps of clay glued together with swallow saliva - under the roof of some building. The inside is lined with feathers and hair. The barn swallow feeds on flying insects, and therefore in cold damp weather, when there are few of them in the air, the swallow flies low, collecting insects from the grass and even from the ground. IN warm days Killer whales hunt quite high, where rising air currents carry their prey.
Thank you, friends, for your attention to our publication. We would be very grateful for your feedback. In our next issues: “Traces of animals and birds”, “Curious Petersburg, part 8: Nevsky district” and others. We remind you that our partners in their organizations distribute our wall newspapers for free.
Marina Rovina
"Wild animals of our forest." Summary of OD in the senior group
Target: Systematization and deepening the understanding of wild animals of the native land.
Tasks:
1. Educational. Expand children's understanding of appearance, lifestyle and dwellings of forest inhabitants. Consolidation of a general concept « wild animals» , ability to differentiate wild and domestic animals. Practice naming the babies animals, in the correct naming of the dwelling; learn to answer in complete sentences. Develop the ability to analyze, generalize and compare, and draw conclusions. Consolidation of a general concept « wild animals» .
2. Developmental. Cultivate curiosity, kindness, love for surrounding nature, ability to work in a team, activity, independence. Develop the ability to analyze, generalize and compare, draw conclusions, develop evidence-based speech, expand children’s knowledge about animal world.
3. Educational. Formation of interest in nature, understanding of behavior and habits animals. Developing communication skills, initiative, and cooperation skills.
Methods and techniques.
Game exercise “All the children gathered in a circle”, immersion in the topic of the lesson, guessing riddles, talking with children, children's stories, viewing slides on the topic « Animals and their homes» . "How they shout wild animals?» , physical education, visual gymnastics, finger gymnastics "At the fox in the deep forest...", problem statement and its solutions: “Should we leave the wild animal live at home?" game exercise with Lesovik, Didactic game "Find the Cub", "Who lives where", "Whose tail is whose head", "Let's treat the forest animals",story, explanation.
Integration of educational regions:
Social - communicative, speech development, physical development.
Preliminary work:
Interaction with parents and children, at home make up a story about animal and tell the children.
Materials and equipment:
Computer, interactive whiteboard, presentation show wild animals(fox, bear, squirrel, wolf, hedgehog, hare, insects and birds, decoration (trees, fir trees, drawings depicting wild animals, cones, basket, acorns, mushrooms, artificial snow, Stuffed Toys squirrel, hedgehog). Premises: computer lab, music room.
Progress of the lesson.
Children stand near the teacher.
Educator. All the children gathered in a circle
I am your friend and you are my friend
Let's hold hands tightly
And let's smile at each other.
I will smile at you, you smile at each other, so that we can have the whole day good mood.
Educator.
Guys, let's do it again our rule:
Every day, always, everywhere
In activity and in play,
Feel free to speak clearly
And we sit quietly (children sit down).
Educator. Guys today we will talk about animals. Place where he lives animal, is called its habitat. If you destroy it, then the animal will die. Almost everywhere: living creatures live on land, in the ocean, in the atmosphere, and even in the eternal snow.
What living creatures do you know? Children's answers (wild animals, birds, insects, fish).
We have an unusual task today (interesting job) . I won't show you the pictures myself. Pictures will appear on the screen. But they will appear only if you solve riddles about animals. Guessing riddles about animals?
View slides on topic: « Animals and their homes» .
(Children name and view the slides)
In summer he wanders without a road
Between pines and birches,
And in winter he sleeps in a den,
Hides your nose from the frost. Bear
Children. A child's story about a bear. The bear is big, strong,
Brown. It has long claws, strong paws and warm fur. The bear does not change the color of its fur coat. The bear spends the winter in a den, the entrance to the den in winter is littered with branches and covered with snow. Only in spring does the bear wake up. In the cold winter the bear sleeps soundly, but in the thaw it sleeps lightly. The bear eats oats, fish, ants, beetles, and he also has a big sweet tooth and loves honey and berries.
Educator. What is the name of the bear's house?
Children. Den.
Educator. Do you want to see how a bear spends the winter in its den?
Look at the screen.
(children look at a slide with a bear sleeping in a den)
Educator. This is how a bear sleeps in its den.
Do you think he is warm or cold? Why do you think so?
Children. The fur is warm. The entrance is blocked with branches. There was snow on top.
Educator. The bear sleeps in a den all winter.
Educator. Consider the bear. How big is he, how big are his paws?
Educator. The bear sleeps in a den all winter. Only in the spring will he wake up.
Listen to the bear scream (listen to the voice animal) .
Let's meet another resident forests.
Educator. This cunning cheat
The people here know forests.
Who brings fear to hares?
This is a redhead. Fox
Children. A child's story about a fox. (The child imitates the gait of a fox)
The fox has a red fluffy coat, small ears, a sharp muzzle, of course, a large and fluffy luxurious tail, which she uses during sharp turns as a steering wheel, covers her tracks, and her tail also serves as a blanket when she sleeps. The fox has a sensitive nose, with the help of which it finds its food. The fox does not change its coat; it is red in winter and summer. The fox is very cunning. The fox lives in a deep hole with several exits in case of danger.
Educator. Well done. Look at the fox, what is it like, what kind of tail does it have?
Educator. There is a fox's house under the bush.
What is the name of the fox's house?
Children. Nora.
Look at the screen - this is a fox hole. The entrance to it is narrow and long. And inside the hole is spacious and comfortable. Listen to the fox scream. (listen to the voice animal) .
Educator. Well done.
Who was chewing a pine cone on a branch?
And threw the scraps down?
Who deftly jumps along the branches
And hides nuts in a hollow? Squirrel
Children. A child's story about a squirrel. (The child imitates the gait of a squirrel)
Squirrel vertically challenged, she has a large and fluffy tail that helps her jump from branch to branch, she has tassels on her ears, sharp claws on her paws that help her cling to branches, and she also has sharp teeth. The squirrel hides in a hollow from the frost and closes the entrance with its tail. The squirrel prepares food for the winter, she hides it in a nest in hollow trees, she dries mushrooms, berries, cones, and nuts. In autumn, the squirrel becomes silver-gray; this color helps it hide from enemies).
Educator. Consider the squirrel. What is she like, what ears and tail does she have, where does the squirrel live. What is the name of her house?
Educator. Why does the squirrel make its home so high?
Children. So that other animals don't get it. Listen to the squirrel scream. (listen to the voice animal) .
Educator.
The poor thing has no den,
He doesn't need a hole.
Legs save you from enemies,
And from hunger there is bark. Hare.
Children. A child's story about a hare. (The child imitates the gait of a hare)
In winter the hare has a white fur coat, and in spring he changes it to gray. He has long ears and fast legs that save him from enemies with a small fluffy tail. The hare has no home, he slept under a bush and ran away. The hare eats young tree branches, cabbage, and carrots. The hare does not prepare supplies for winter; it finds food for itself even in winter. The hare confuses his tracks to escape from his enemies.
Educator. The bear has a den, the fox has a hole, the squirrel has a hollow, but where does the hare live? What kind of house does he have?
Educator. Let's look at the bunny. What is he like, what are his ears and legs?
Educator. Do you remember what kind of fur coat a hare wears in winter, and what kind it changes to in spring?
Educator
Angry touchy-feely
Lives in the wilderness of the forest.
There are a lot of needles
And not just one thread.
Children. A child's story about a hedgehog. (The child imitates the habits of a hedgehog).
The hedgehog's muzzle is elongated. The nose is sharp and constantly wet. The eyes are round and black, the ears are small and rounded. The hedgehog is dark gray in color and has needles on its body. Needles grow just like hair. Thick, coarse hair grows on the head and belly. The paws have five toes, the claws are sharp. The hedgehog lives in a hole and does not store for the winter. In winter the hedgehog sleeps, and in the spring it wakes up. The hedgehog feeds on mushrooms, berries and roots, but carries apples on its back to escape ticks, which really bother hedgehogs. And apples secrete malic acid, which insects are very afraid of.
Hedgehog (view slide).
Educator. What kind of coat does a hedgehog have? Why does a hedgehog curl up into a ball? (Children fleeing from enemies). Listen to the hedgehog scream. (listen to the voice animal) .
Educator.
He looks like a shepherd
Every tooth is a sharp knife,
He runs with his mouth bared,
Ready to attack a sheep. Wolf.
Children. A child's story about a wolf. (The child imitates the habits of a wolf).
The wolf is strong, brave, smart. He always wears a gray fur coat. The wolf has a long and drawn-out howl. Wolves live in packs, the house is called a den. It’s not for nothing that they are called orderlies - after all, as a rule, their victims are old, sick or inexperienced animals. Most often, wolves hunt ungulates animals. When food is scarce, wolves eat frogs, lizards and beetles. In addition to meat food, wolves willingly eat fruits, berries, mushrooms, grass and leaves. Wolves are very hardy; they can live without food for about two weeks.
There are many proverbs and saying: "Feet feed the wolf", “To live with wolves is to howl like a wolf”, “If you’re afraid of wolves, don’t go into the forest”, “No matter how you feed the wolf, he always looks into the forest”.
Educator. Look, the wolf also has a home, what is it like? His house is called "den".
You've considered everyone animals. Tell me, what do they have in common?
Children. Everyone has animals have a head, muzzle, body, paws or hooves, tail. Body animals covered with fur.
Educator. Is everyone's body animals covered with fur?
Children. The hedgehog has spines.
Educator. Name everyone animals, which we considered and tell me which ones they are animals? (hare, wolf, bear, fox. Squirrel).
How wild animals different from home?
Children. Wild animals They live in the forest and look for food and shelter for themselves. And pets live next to a person who feeds and cares for them.
What other wild animals you know who live in ours forests? (Boar, elk, badger, deer).
Educator. What changes in life animals occur in the spring?
Children. The bear wakes up and leaves the den. Fox cleans and repairs old hole or builds a new one. The squirrel tidies up the nest or looks for a new hollow. The she-wolf is looking for a secluded place for her babies.
Educator. Guys, let's take a walk along the forest path.
Physical education minute
We walked along the path
They found the cone, picked it up,
They picked it up and threw it into the hollow for the squirrel.
Let's go again hare tracks found
So we walked, we found acorns
Oh guys, look where we got to? (In the forest). Meet by the watchman forest old man Lesovichek.
Come on guys, good to see you. I old man Lesovichok forest guard. When visiting me, you need to be attentive and careful and listen to adults so as not to get into trouble. I have a riddle poem for you, you need to guess (add the names of the cub).
Educator. Listen to what poem will tell you old man Lesovichok. You will help him. (Yes)
Game exercise with Lesovik (reading a poem).
One day, along a simple path, the animals walked towards watering hole:
Jumped after the mother bunny...
Children. Bunny.
Educator. I followed my mother wolf...
Children. Little wolf.
Educator. He was sneaking after his mother as a fox...
Children. Little fox.
Educator. Following mama bear was...
Children. Little bear.
Educator. Jumped after the mother squirrel...
Children. Little squirrel.
Educator. The hedgehog trailed behind his mother...
Children. Hedgehog.
Lesovichok: Well done guys, they solved the riddle.
Educator. Who were you calling just now?
Children. Cubs animals.
Problematic situation. Guys, Lesovichok met his friend the hunter. He told him that when he was hunting and saw a weak little gray wolf cub on the road. I took him home, treated him and fed him. And now that the wolf cub was stronger, he could have taken it to the forest, but he felt sorry for him. After all, he is used to it and does not want to part with it. “Let him live at my house”- said the hunter.
Guys, what should I do? Leave the wolf cub or release it into the forest?
Children. Release into the forest. Leave it, he's already used to it. The wolf cub will feel bad without his mother. Teen Wolf wild animal and must live in the forest. We will return to this issue at the end of the lesson.
Lesovichok: I want to test your knowledge, how well do you know about wild animals.
A game: "Who lives where?"
IN: Let's connect with a wild line animal with its home.
D: The bear is sleeping in a den. The wolf lives in a den. The fox lives in a hole. The squirrel lives in a hollow. The hare lives under a bush.
Educator: Well done and you completed this task.
A game: "Whose Tail"
IN: Let's connect with a wild line animal head with his tail.
Now we will play and use facial expressions.
An angry wolf is running in the forest. Frown his eyebrows.
Suddenly the wolf was gone Raise your eyebrows (astonishment)
It was the clubfoot bear who drove away the evil wolf. Wink with his right eye. (joy)
Educator. In the world around us there live a variety of animals. They are different in size, color, and move differently. ways: run, crawl, fly.
A game "The Fourth Wheel"
Paintings depicting animals, birds and insects). Who's the odd one out here?
Children. Animals, birds, insects.
A game: "Let's treat the forest animals".
Let's remember what forest animals like to eat.
Meat - Wolf, fox, bear, etc.
Vegetables - …
Fruits - …
Mushrooms - …
Berries - …
Educator: Each of you will treat animal's favorite food.
Lesson summary:
Educator. Today we talked a lot about what animals? Guys, what do we advise the hunter? Should I keep the wolf cub or release it into the wild?
Children's answers.
Educator. I believe that wild animals must necessarily be in the habitat where they were born.
Do they need wild animals in our help?
M. Prishvin wrote: "We are the masters our nature, and she is a pantry of sunshine for us. Needed for fish pure water- We will protect our water bodies. In the mountains, in There are various valuable animals in the forests - we will protect the forests and mountains. A fish needs water, a bird needs air, a beast needs forests, mountains, but a person needs a homeland, and protecting nature means protecting the homeland!”
Lesovichek: Well done guys, you worked very well today, you completed all the tasks that I offered you. Guys, I have prepared small gifts for you, in front of you are two baskets: The Sun of Joy and the Sun of Sadness. Take the sunshine that suits your mood.
I am very glad that you are all in a good mood, and may this sun of joy always be with you. Now let's say goodbye guys.
Lesovichek: Yes, new meetings.
And now we're heading home our forest path.
Oh, the cones fell from the tree. Who is throwing cones?
Children: Squirrel.
Squirrel - squirrel! Go with us?
Squirrel answers: “I can’t, there’s a lot to do! I need nuts, mushrooms, and more. To prevent hunger in winter, the squirrel said and jumped along the branches.”
Guys, let's help the squirrel collect more mushrooms and berries.
Their house, in which they live, hide and eat, breed. The forest is their protector.
Elk
Forest animals feel confident in their familiar habitat. They are comfortable in the forest, despite the fact that there are dangers here, but each species has adapted to defend itself and hide.
The crown jewel of the forest community is the elk, which belongs to the Deer family. Some specimens reach a length of up to three and a half meters and a height of up to two meters. The weight of such an animal can reach 500 kilograms. Agree, these are impressive parameters. It is very interesting to watch such a giant moving silently through the forest.
He is very strong and, oddly enough, swims and dives remarkably well. In addition, he has a keen ear and good instincts. Imagine that a moose can jump over a four-meter hole or a two-meter obstacle without a running start. Not every animal can do this.
It lives exclusively in forests. In other areas it can only be found during spring migrations. At such times you can encounter him in the fields, sometimes he even enters villages. Elk feed on shoots of pine, rowan, aspen, buckthorn, bird cherry, and willow. It also eats herbaceous plants, mushrooms, moss, and berries. Forest animals are forced to look for food in winter. And they don’t always manage to find it so easily. Sometimes moose cause great harm by eating young pine trees and forest plantations. This happens only in winter, when food is very tight, and a decent number of individuals are concentrated in a relatively small area.
However, forest districts are trying to carry out biotechnical measures to create comfortable and satisfying living conditions for these wonderful animals.
Forest animal bear
The most famous forest dweller. He is the indispensable hero of the majority folk tales. Moreover, he always acts as a good character. However, it should be noted that bears are beasts of prey forest thicket.
They can rightfully be called the masters of the forest. The bear has a powerful body, fairly small eyes and ears. He has a hump on his withers, which is nothing more than muscles that give him the ability to deliver very strong blows. The bear's tail is very small, about twenty centimeters. He is practically invisible in his thick, shaggy fur. The color of the animal varies from light brown to almost black. Of course, the most typical color is brown.
The animal has very powerful paws. Each of them has five fingers. The claws on the animal's paws reach ten centimeters in length.
Brown bear habitat
These majestic forest animals previously lived over vast territories. Now their range has narrowed significantly. Currently they are found in Finland and Scandinavia, sometimes in forests Central Europe and, of course, in the taiga and tundra in Russia.
The size and body weight of bears depend entirely on their habitat. The weight of animals living in Russia does not exceed 120 kilograms. However, Far Eastern bears are much larger. Their weight reaches 750 kilograms.
Their favorite habitat is impenetrable forest areas littered with windbreaks or places with dense thickets of bushes and trees. However, they also love rough terrain, and therefore can be found in the tundra and high mountain forests.
What does a predator eat?
It must be said that the bear eats almost everything that can be eaten. Most of His diet consists of plant foods: herbs, mushrooms, berries, nuts. When an animal does not have enough food, it can eat insects and larvae, rodents, reptiles and even carrion. Major representatives can afford to hunt ungulates. It is only at first glance that these forest animals seem very clumsy. In fact, when chasing prey, bears show miracles of dexterity. They are capable of reaching speeds of up to 55 kilometers per hour.
Bears also love to eat fish. By autumn they eat off and gain about twenty percent of their weight.
Hibernation of bears
However, the life of forest animals changes very much in winter. Bears spend half of the year in their den-den, hibernating. They choose a place for their home in the most inaccessible places. As a rule, they make their winter rookery under the huge roots of broken spruce trees, in rock crevices, and in rubble after windbreaks. They line the inside of their house with dry moss and grass. Bears sleep quite lightly. If you disturb him, he may well wake up, and then be forced to look for a new cozy place to sleep.
When there are very hungry years and the bear cannot gain enough fat reserves, it does not fall asleep. The animal simply wanders in search of food. Such a bear is called a connecting rod. During this period, he becomes very aggressive and is capable of attacking even a person.
The mating season for bears is in May and June. It is usually accompanied by strong roaring and fights between competing males.
After mating, a female bear gives birth to cubs after about six months. They are born in a den. As a rule, two babies are born weighing up to half a kilogram. By the time the couple leaves the den, the offspring have reached the size of a dog and are already beginning to feed with the adults.
The cubs live with their mother for a couple of years. They reach sexual maturity at three to four years. In general, bears live in wildlife up to thirty years of age.
Wolf
We always associate forest animals with predators. One of their representatives is the wolf. There are a huge number of them in our country. They have long been actively fought against, since they cause significant damage to the household.
It is widely believed that the wolf is a forest animal. However, this is not quite true. There are many of them living in the tundra. They prefer open spaces. And people are forcing them to go into the forests, actively fighting them.
Outwardly, the wolf looks like a large large dog. He has a powerful physique. The length of its body reaches up to 1.5 meters. Weight ranges from 30 to 45 kilograms. Females are generally smaller than males.
Wolves have strong and resilient paws. They are long distance runners. In general, this is a highly organized animal and also very smart. Looking at each other, the wolves exchange information.
This animal has well-developed hearing, excellent sense of smell and vision. The wolf receives all information about the surrounding world through its sense of smell. He is able to distinguish the tracks of forest animals by smell many hours after they left them. In general, it is difficult for us to imagine the variety of smells that a wolf can distinguish.
Habits of wolves
Wolves are very strong and hardy animals. They reach speeds of up to 60 kilometers in pursuit of prey. And in a throw this value increases to 80.
In summer, wolves live in pairs and raise their offspring strictly within their own territory. By winter, young individuals, together with older ones, gather in groups and lead a wandering lifestyle. Wolves, like all forest animals, change their lifestyle in winter.
Usually a pack consists of ten wolves, which are representatives of the same family. Sometimes several flocks can unite into one larger one. This is possible in severe snowy times or when there is very large prey.
What do wolves eat?
Since the wolf is a predator, meat is the basis of its diet. Although sometimes an animal may try plant foods. The wolf hunts absolutely any animal that is within his power. If he has enough game, he will not stop looking into human settlements. Wolves are very intelligent and understand the full extent of the risk.
In the forest, this animal hunts for almost all inhabitants, from elk to chipmunk and vole. Of course, its favorite prey, depending on its habitat, is wapiti and roe deer. However, the wolf will not disdain a fox, a raccoon, a rat, a ferret, a pig, or a hare. The hunting habits of wolves are varied. They can wait for their prey in ambush, or they can for a long time drive her. And their collective hunt is generally a complex, well-coordinated mechanism where everyone understands each other without words.
Very prudently, they drive their prey into the water in a flock. Wolf is large predator, but he knows how to catch fish, frogs, mice, and also likes to destroy birds' nests.
But it is not always only forest animals and birds that become the prey of predators. IN populated areas There is not enough game, and therefore in the harsh winter months, when it becomes very difficult to survive, wolves stay closer to the villages and begin to rob. Their prey can be sheep, dogs, pigs, horses, cows, and goose. In general, any living creature that a predator can reach. Even one individual is capable of causing big damage overnight.
Fox
Forest animals for children are, rather, fairy tale characters. And the fox is generally the heroine of many children's fairy tales. However, as a fairy-tale person, she is endowed with those features that are inherent in her in real life. The fox is both beautiful and cunning. She has a long fluffy tail and a cunning narrow muzzle and small eyes. This predator is really slender and graceful; in size it is comparable to a small dog. Weighs from six to ten kilograms.
Since childhood, we are accustomed to calling the fox red. And rightly so. It’s just that in life her belly is white or grayish. The back and sides are colored differently: from light gray to bright red. Usually, bright color have northern foxes. And the more faded ones are those that live in the forest-steppe. Silver fox fur is considered the most beautiful and expensive. Such foxes have long been bred on special farms, since they are extremely rare in the wild. And among people, their fur is especially popular for its beauty.
In summer, the animal looks a little awkward due to the fact that the fur becomes short and stiff during this period. But by autumn the fox grows a beautiful winter coat. The predator sheds only once a year - in the spring.
Habits of a sly fox
The fox is found not only in the forest, but also in the tundra, mountains, steppes, swamps, and even near human habitation. She is great at adapting to any conditions, but still loves more open spaces. She doesn't like the remote taiga.
In life, as in fairy tales, the fox is very fast and agile. She runs very quickly and easily catches insects flying by. As a rule, she moves at a leisurely trot. Periodically stops, looks around, looks around. Lisa is very careful. When it sneaks up on prey, it crawls quietly on its belly, almost merging with the ground. But he runs away from pursuit with large and sharp leaps, skillfully confusing his tracks.
You can see downright fairy-tale episodes in fox behavior. People invented them for a reason. All stories are taken from real life. Foxes are truly cunning predators who approach hunting wisely. Rather, they take prey not by force, but by seduction. No other animal is named by its patronymic. And the fox's name is Patrikeevna. Why?
Once upon a time there was such a prince named Patrikey. He became famous for his cunning and resourcefulness. Since then, the very name Patrikey has been associated with cunning people. The fox has long been known among the people as a cheat, which is why it was dubbed Patrikeevna.
Who do foxes hunt?
Foxes are very active animals. In winter, its tangled tracks are clearly visible in the snow. You can immediately see where the cheat was hunting. It is generally accepted that foxes feed on hares. But this is a big misconception. She is not able to catch up with such fast prey. Of course, if she stumbles upon defenseless bunnies somewhere, she will certainly take advantage of the opportunity. That’s why hares are a very rare dish in her diet. She just can't keep up with them.
Foxes feed on a variety of insects, birds and animals. But the basis of their menu is rodents. Predators are excellent at exterminating voles. In addition, they know how to fish in shallow waters. Sometimes animals feast on berries.
Hares
The forest life of animals is very interesting to study. All representatives of the animal world are very different, some run away, others hunt. Previously we looked at some predators. Now let's talk about the brightest representative of the forests. Of course, about the hare.
Hares, as in fairy tales, have long ears and short tails. Their hind legs are much longer and more powerful than their front legs. In winter, it is clearly visible in the snow that the prints of the hind paws are ahead of the front ones. This is caused by the fact that they carry them forward while running.
These animals feed on food that does not attract others at all, for example, bark, young shoots and branches, and grass.
Many fairy tales have been written about forest animals, but the favorite hero has always been the hare. Even in life, when escaping from pursuit, he is cunning and tries to confuse his tracks, jumping first in one direction, then in the other, just as in children’s stories. He is capable of running at a speed of 50 kilometers per hour. Not every predator can keep up with such fast prey. In general, hares have many ways in their arsenal to evade persecution. These forest inhabitants are so cunning. Animals know how to both run away and defend themselves, and in each case they use the most optimal tactics - their sense of smell is so developed.
But it is not so much their cunning that saves the hares as they win with their numbers. They have four to five litters annually. Each of which can contain from two to five bunnies.
The most famous are the white hare. They weigh up to seven and a half kilograms and reach a length of 70 centimeters. Their main difference is the color of the fur. Browns do not change their color in winter. But in summer it is much more difficult to distinguish these varieties.
In general, hares tend to live a sedentary life. Of course, they gallop across fields and meadows, going quite long distances. But then they return to their habitat. Very rarely they can migrate. This only happens in particularly cold and snowy winters.
Who else lives in the forest?
We have listed only the most famous animals, since it is difficult to pay attention to all forest inhabitants within the scope of this article. There are actually a lot of them: wild boars, badgers, hedgehogs, moles, mice, squirrels, chipmunks, sables, martens, raccoons, deer, roe deer, lynxes... As they say, from young to old. They are all very different and interesting. In addition, it would be unfair not to mention birds, which also live quite a lot in our forests.
Forest birds
Not only are forest animals diverse, photos of some of which are given in the article, but also birds. The world of winged creatures is no less interesting. There are a huge number of species living in forests. Here you can find: woodpeckers, larks, robins, orioles, crossbills, nightingales, buntings, magpies, ducks, wagtails, swifts and many others.