What is the purpose of the Russian Air Force? Russian Air Force. Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

The Russian Air Force has long been a formidable force that ensures the inviolability of Russian borders in the airspace, on land and even at sea. Indeed, thanks to the powerful technical potential of the Russian Federation, the air force of our country is provided with equipment that allows it to carry out any tasks to prevent, repel an attack and deliver a retaliatory strike.

Russian Air Force

The Air Force of any state is an indicator of the economic and scientific potential of the state. Today, the Russian Air Force is one of the best in the world, if not the best, in terms of technical equipment. This type of armed forces is the youngest, as it was created only at the beginning of the 20th century. But not a single land and sea operation can proceed without the participation of military aviation. After all, conducting reconnaissance, striking in tactical and strategic depth, and transferring manpower and equipment in the shortest possible time can only be carried out by the “wings of the army.”

Story

In 1910, by order of Emperor Nicholas II Russian empire purchased several aircraft from France to create its own Air Fleet. After which, the training of officers who could fly airplanes immediately began in Sevastopol. Already by the beginning of the First World War, Russia had an air fleet of 263 aircraft, which was the first indicator among all countries participating in the global massacre. The planes were used exclusively to correct artillery fire. But soon air battles broke out in the blue heights, and the sky began to bring death in the form of bombs, which generously began to rain down on the heads of the soldiers in the trenches. Of the Russian pilots, the most famous is Pyotr Nesterov, who was the first to perform the famous “loop” in 1913 and the first to perform an aerial ram in 1914.

In 1917, the Imperial Air Fleet ceased to exist as a result of the Great October revolution. Many pilots who had invaluable experience conducting air battles, died or immigrated. In 1918, the Workers' and Peasants' Red Air Fleet was created in the young socialist state. The country's industry developed, and its scientific and technical potential grew. Therefore, it is not surprising that by 1917 the country, which had only 700 aircraft in its armed forces, which made it extremely vulnerable from the air, was already in the 1930s able to become a leader in the aircraft industry and create a powerful military aviation. The design bureaus of Tupolev and Polikarpov were able to establish mass release TB-1, TB-3 bombers and I-15, I-16 fighters. In the USSR, pilot training began to be treated more competently, creating flying clubs and flight schools throughout the country, the graduates of which joined the ranks of the armed forces, Osoaviakhim, the Civil Air Fleet or were sent to the reserves.

Our pilots gained their first combat experience in Spain, where from 1936 to 1939 they fulfilled their international duty. During Civil War in Spain, our pilots on domestic aircraft successfully operated against German aces flying the latest Messerschmitts. Later, successes in the sky during the war with Finland, whose air force was much weaker, turned his head Soviet command. But as the first years of armed confrontation with Hitler's Germany, the USSR was significantly inferior in technical equipment, as well as in pilot training. But every day the experience of our pilots grew, and courage and heroism have always distinguished our pilots. Ultimately, this made it possible to gain an advantage over the enemy in the air.

After World War II, relations with former allies in the anti-Hitler coalition began to rapidly heat up. The United States and its allies began to develop plans directed against the country of the Soviets. The response was to build up the military potential of the USSR, including the modernization of the Air Force. During modernization, huge amounts of money from the country's budget were spent on the development of modern aircraft, which were supposed to create an advantage in the air over enemy aircraft, as well as ensure the implementation of tasks to deliver an adequate strike on important economic and military targets of the enemy, his troop groups. It is also worth noting that no less attention was paid to the training of flight personnel, tactics were constantly improved air combat, the possibility of conducting maneuvers using all the capabilities of modern aircraft was studied.

After the USSR ceased to exist, 40% of the entire fleet of equipment went to the Russian Federation. 65% personnel remained to serve in units of the Russian Air Force. From the early 1990s to the early 2000s, the “wings of the army” were in a deplorable state, when, due to poor funding, virtually no fleet renewal was carried out, and flying hours were extremely poor. After the change of leadership of the country, positive changes began. And since 2008, a large-scale reorganization of the air force began, which includes a change in the structure of this type of troops, and the reconstruction and replacement of old equipment.

Modern Air Force The Russian Federation is traditionally the most mobile and maneuverable branch of the Armed Forces. The equipment and other means in service with the Air Force are intended, first of all, to repel aggression in the aerospace sphere and protect the administrative, industrial and economic centers of the country, troop groups and important facilities from enemy attacks; to support the actions of the Ground Forces and the Navy; delivering strikes against enemy groups in the sky, on land and at sea, as well as against its administrative, political and military-economic centers.

The existing Air Force in its organizational structure dates back to 2008, when the country began to form a new look for the Russian Armed Forces. Then the Air Force and Air Defense commands were formed, subordinate to the newly created operational-strategic commands: Western, Southern, Central and Eastern. The Air Force Main Command was assigned the tasks of planning and organizing combat training, the long-term development of the Air Force, as well as the training of command and control personnel. In 2009–2010, a transition was made to a two-level air force command system, as a result of which the number of formations was reduced from 8 to 6, and air defense formations were reorganized into 11 aerospace defense brigades. The air regiments were consolidated into air bases with a total number of about 70, including 25 tactical (front-line) air bases, of which 14 are purely fighter.

In 2014, reform of the Air Force structure continued: air defense forces and assets were concentrated in air defense divisions, and the formation of air divisions and regiments began in aviation. An Air Force and Air Defense Army is being created as part of the United Strategic Command North.

The most fundamental transformation is expected in 2015: the creation of a new type - the Aerospace Forces based on the integration of the forces and assets of the Air Force (aviation and air defense) and the Aerospace Defense Forces (space forces, air defense and missile defense).

Simultaneously with the reorganization, an active renewal of the aviation fleet is taking place. Airplanes and helicopters of previous generations began to be replaced by their new modifications, as well as promising aircraft with wider combat capabilities and flight performance. Current development work on promising aircraft systems was continued and new development work began. The active development of unmanned aircraft has begun.

Modern air fleet The Russian Air Force is second in size only to the US Air Force. True, its exact quantitative composition has not been officially published, but quite adequate calculations can be made based on open sources. As for updating the aircraft fleet, according to the representative of the press service and information department of the Russian Ministry of Defense for VSVI.Klimov, the Russian Air Force in 2015 alone, in accordance with the state defense order, will receive more than 150 new aircraft and helicopters. These include newest aircraft Su‑30 SM, Su‑30 M2, MiG‑29 SMT, Su‑34, Su‑35 S, Yak‑130, Il‑76 MD‑90 A, as well as helicopters Ka‑52, Mi‑28 N, Mi‑ 8 AMTSH/MTV-5-1, Mi-8 MTPR, Mi-35 M, Mi-26, Ka-226 and Ansat-U. It is also known from the words of the former commander-in-chief of the Russian Air Force, Colonel General A. Zelin, that as of November 2010, the total number of Air Force personnel was about 170 thousand people (including 40 thousand officers).

All aviation of the Russian Air Force as a branch of the military is divided into:

• Long-range (strategic) aviation,
• Operational-tactical (front-line) aviation,
• Military transport aviation,
• Army aviation.

In addition, the Air Force includes such types of troops as anti-aircraft missile troops, radio technical troops, special troops, as well as units and logistics institutions (all of them in this material will not be considered).

In turn, aviation by type is divided into:

• bomber aircraft,
• attack aircraft,
• fighter aircraft,
• reconnaissance aircraft,
• transport aviation,
• special aviation.

Next, all types of aircraft in the Air Force of the Russian Federation, as well as promising aircraft, are considered. The first part of the article covers long-range (strategic) and operational-tactical (front-line) aviation, the second part covers military transport, reconnaissance, special and army aviation.

Long-range (strategic) aviation

Long-range aviation is a means of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Armed Forces and is intended to solve strategic, operational-strategic and operational tasks in theaters of military operations (strategic directions). Long-range aviation is also a component of the triad of strategic nuclear forces.

Main tasks performed in Peaceful time- deterrence (including nuclear) of potential adversaries; in the event of the outbreak of war - the maximum reduction in the military-economic potential of the enemy by hitting his important military facilities and disrupting state and military control.

The main promising areas for the development of long-range aviation are maintaining and increasing operational capabilities to carry out assigned tasks as part of the strategic deterrent forces and forces general purpose through modernization of aircraft with extension of their service life, purchase of new aircraft (Tu-160 M), as well as the creation of a promising aviation complex long-range aviation PAK-DA.

The main armament of long-range aircraft is guided missiles, both nuclear and conventional:

• strategic cruise missiles long range X‑55 SM;
• aeroballistic hypersonic missiles X‑15 C;
• operational-tactical cruise missiles X‑22.

As well as free-falling bombs of various calibers, including nuclear ones, disposable cluster bombs, sea mines.

In the future, it is planned to introduce high-precision cruise missiles of the new generation X-555 and X-101 with significantly increased range and accuracy into the armament of long-range aviation aircraft.

The basis of the modern aircraft fleet of long-range aviation of the Russian Air Force are missile-carrying bombers:

• strategic missile carriers Tu-160–16 units. By 2020, it is possible to supply about 50 modernized Tu-160 M2 aircraft.
• strategic missile carriers Tu-95 MS - 38 units, and about 60 more in storage. Since 2013, these aircraft have been modernized to the level of the Tu-95 MSM in order to extend their service life.
• long-range missile carrier-bomber Tu-22 M3 - about 40 units, and another 109 in reserve. Since 2012, 30 aircraft have been modernized to the Tu-22 M3 M level.

Long-range aviation also includes Il-78 refueling aircraft and Tu-22MR reconnaissance aircraft.

Tu-160

Work on a new multi-mode strategic intercontinental bomber began in the USSR in 1967. Having tried a variety of layout options, the designers eventually came to the design of an integral low-wing aircraft with a variable-sweep wing with four engines installed in pairs in engine nacelles under the fuselage.

In 1984, the Tu-160 was launched in mass production at the Kazan Aviation Plant. At the time of the collapse of the USSR, 35 aircraft were produced (of which 8 were prototypes); by 1994, KAPO transferred six more Tu-160 bombers to the Russian Air Force, which were stationed near Engels in the Saratov region. In 2009, 3 new aircraft were built and put into service, by 2015 their number is 16 units.

In 2002, the Ministry of Defense entered into an agreement with KAPO for the modernization of the Tu-160 with the goal of gradually repairing and modernizing all bombers of this type in service. According to the latest data, by 2020, 10 aircraft of the Tu-160 M modification will be delivered to the Russian Air Force. The modernized aircraft will receive a space communications system, improved sighting guidance systems and electronics, and will be able to use promising and modernized (X-55 SM) cruise missiles and conventional bomb weapons. In view of the need to replenish the long-range aviation fleet, in April 2015, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu instructed to consider the issue of resuming production of the Tu-160 M. In May of the same year, Supreme Commander-in-Chief V.V. Putin officially ordered the resumption of production of the improved Tu-160 M2.

Tu‑95MS

The creation of the aircraft was started by the design bureau headed by Andrei Tupolev back in the 1950s. At the end of 1951, the developed project was approved, and then the model built by that time was approved and approved. Construction of the first two aircraft began at Moscow Aviation Plant No. 156, and already in the fall of 1952 the prototype made its first flight.

In 1956, aircraft, officially designated Tu‑95, began to arrive in long-range aviation units. Subsequently, various modifications were developed, including carriers of anti-ship missiles.

At the end of the 1970s, a completely new modification of the bomber was created, designated Tu-95 MS. The new aircraft was put into mass production at the Kuibyshev Aviation Plant in 1981, which continued until 1992 (about 100 aircraft were produced).

Now the 37th Air Force has been formed as part of the Russian Air Force strategic purpose, consisting of two divisions, which includes two regiments on the Tu-95 MS-16 (Amur and Saratov regions) - a total of 38 vehicles. About 60 more units are in storage.

Due to the obsolescence of equipment, in 2013 the modernization of aircraft in service to the level of the Tu-95 MSM began, the service life of which will last until 2025. They will be equipped with new electronics, a sighting and navigation system, a satellite navigation system, and will be able to carry new X-101 strategic cruise missiles.

Tu-22M3

The Tu-22 M3 long-range supersonic missile carrier-bomber with variable wing geometry is designed to conduct combat operations in the operational zones of land and sea theaters of military operations day and night in simple and adverse weather conditions. It is capable of striking Kh‑22 cruise missiles against sea targets, Kh‑15 supersonic aeroballistic missiles against ground targets, and also perform targeted bombing. In the west it was called "Backfire".

In total, the Kazan Aviation Production Association built 268 Tu-22 M3 bombers until 1993.

Currently, about 40 Tu-22 M3 units are in service, and another 109 are in reserve. By 2020, it is planned to upgrade about 30 vehicles at KAPO to the level of the Tu-22 M3 M (the modification was put into service in 2014). They will be equipped with new electronics, expand the range of weapons by introducing the latest high-precision ammunition, and extend their service life to 40 years.

Promising developments

PAK YES

In 2008, funding for R&D was opened in Russia to create a promising long-range aviation complex, the PAK DA. The program envisages the development of a fifth-generation long-range bomber to replace the aircraft in service with the Russian Air Force. The fact that the Russian Air Force formulated tactical and technical requirements for the PAK DA program and began preparations for the participation of design bureaus in the development competition was announced back in 2007. According to the General Director of Tupolev OJSC I. Shevchuk, the contract under the PAK DA program was won by Tupolev Design Bureau. In 2011, it was reported that a preliminary design of an integrated avionics complex for a promising complex had been developed, and the long-range aviation command of the Russian Air Force issued a tactical and technical specification for the creation of a promising bomber. Plans were announced to build 100 vehicles, which are expected to be put into service by 2027.

The weapons most likely to be used will be advanced hypersonic missiles, long-range cruise missiles of the X-101 type, short-range precision missiles and adjustable aerial bombs, as well as free-falling bombs. It was stated that some of the missile samples had already been developed by the Tactical Missiles Corporation. Perhaps the aircraft will also be used as an air carrier of an operational-strategic reconnaissance and strike complex. It is possible that for self-defense, in addition to the electronic warfare system, the bomber will be armed with air-to-air missiles.

Operational-tactical (front-line) aviation

Operational-tactical (front-line) aviation is designed to solve operational, operational-tactical and tactical tasks in operations (combat actions) of groupings of troops (forces) in theaters of military operations (strategic directions).

Bomber aviation, which is part of front-line aviation, is the main strike weapon of the Air Force primarily in operational and operational-tactical depth.

Attack aircraft are intended primarily for air support of troops, destruction of manpower and objects primarily at the front line, in the tactical and immediate operational depth of the enemy. In addition, it can also fight enemy aircraft in the air.

The main promising areas for the development of bombers and attack aircraft of operational-tactical aviation are maintaining and increasing capabilities in the framework of solving operational, operational-tactical and tactical tasks during combat operations in the theater of operations through the supply of new ones (Su‑34) and modernization of existing ones (Su‑25 SM ) aircraft.

Bombers and attack aircraft of front-line aviation are armed with air-to-surface and air-to-air missiles, unguided rockets different types, aircraft bombs, including adjustable bombs, cluster bombs, aircraft guns.

Fighter aviation is represented by multi-role and front-line fighters, as well as fighter-interceptors. Its purpose is to destroy aircraft, helicopters, cruise missiles and enemy unmanned aerial vehicles in the air, as well as ground and sea targets.

The task of fighter aircraft of air defense is to provide cover the most important areas and individual objects from enemy air attack by destroying his aircraft on maximum ranges using interceptors. Air defense aviation also includes combat helicopters, special and transport aircraft and helicopters.

The main promising areas for the development of fighter aviation are maintaining and increasing the capabilities to carry out assigned tasks through the modernization of existing aircraft, the purchase of new aircraft (Su-30, Su-35), as well as the creation of a promising PAK-FA aviation complex, which has been tested since 2010 year and, possibly, a promising long-range interceptor.

The main weapons of fighter aircraft are air-to-air and air-to-surface guided missiles of various ranges, as well as free-falling and adjustable bombs, unguided missiles, cluster bombs, and aircraft cannons. Development of advanced missile weapons is underway.

The modern aircraft fleet of attack and front-line bomber aviation includes the following types of aircraft:

• Su‑25–200 attack aircraft, including Su‑25UB, about 100 more are in storage. Despite the fact that these aircraft were put into service in the USSR, their combat potential, taking into account modernization, remains quite high. By 2020, it is planned to upgrade about 80 attack aircraft to the Su-25 SM level.
• front-line bombers Su‑24 M - 21 units. These aircraft are still Soviet made are already outdated and actively being decommissioned. In 2020, it is planned to dispose of all Su‑24 M in service.
• fighter-bombers Su‑34–69 units. The latest multi-role aircraft that replace obsolete Su-24 M bombers in units. The total number of Su-34 ordered is 124 units, which will enter service in the near future.

Su-25

The Su-25 is an armored subsonic attack aircraft designed for close support. ground forces over the battlefield. It is capable of destroying point and area targets on the ground day and night under any weather conditions. We can say that this is the best aircraft of its class in the world, tested in real combat operations. Among the troops, the Su-25 received the unofficial nickname “Rook”, in the west - the designation “Frogfoot”.

Serial production was carried out at aircraft factories in Tbilisi and Ulan-Ude (over the entire period, 1,320 aircraft of all modifications were produced, including for export).

The vehicles were produced in various modifications, including the combat training Su‑25UB and the deck-based Su‑25UTD for the Navy. Currently, the Russian Air Force has about 200 Su-25 aircraft of various modifications, which are in service with 6 combat and several training air regiments. About 100 more old cars are in storage.

In 2009, the Russian Ministry of Defense announced the resumption of purchases of Su-25 attack aircraft for the Air Force. At the same time, a program was adopted to modernize 80 vehicles to the level of the Su-25 SM. They are equipped with the latest electronics, including an aiming system, multifunctional indicators, new electronic warfare equipment, suspended radar "Spear". The new Su-25UBM aircraft, which will have similar equipment to the Su-25 SM, has been adopted as a combat training aircraft.

Su‑24M

The Su-24 M front-line bomber with a variable-sweep wing is designed to launch missile and bomb strikes in the operational and operational-tactical depths of the enemy day and night in simple and adverse weather conditions, including at low altitudes, with targeted destruction of ground and surface targets with controlled and controlled missiles. unguided munitions. In the west it received the designation "Fencer"

Serial production was carried out at NAPO named after Chkalov in Novosibirsk (with the participation of KNAAPO) until 1993, about 1200 vehicles were built various modifications, including for export.

At the turn of the century, due to the obsolescence of aviation technology, Russia began a program to modernize front-line bombers to the level of the Su-24 M2. In 2007, the first two Su-24 M2 were transferred to the Lipetsk Combat Use Center. Delivery of the remaining vehicles to the Russian Air Force was completed in 2009.

Currently, the Russian Air Force has 21 Su-24 M aircraft of several modifications left, but as the newest Su-34s enter combat units, Su-24s are removed from service and scrapped (by 2015, 103 aircraft were scrapped). By 2020, they should be completely withdrawn from the Air Force.

Su‑34

The Su-34 multirole fighter-bomber is the latest aircraft of this class in the Russian Air Force and belongs to the “4+” generation of aircraft. At the same time, it is positioned as a front-line bomber, since it must replace the outdated Su‑24 M aircraft in the army. Designed to carry out high-precision missile and bomb strikes, including the use of nuclear weapons, against ground (surface) targets at any time of the day in any weather conditions. In the west it is designated "Fullback".

By mid-2015, 69 Su-34 aircraft (including 8 prototypes) out of 124 ordered were delivered to combat units.

In the future, it is planned to supply approximately 150–200 new aircraft to the Russian Air Force and completely replace the outdated Su-24 with them by 2020. Thus, now the Su-34 is the main strike aircraft of our Air Force, capable of using the entire range of high-precision air-to-surface weapons.

The modern fighter aircraft fleet consists of the following types of aircraft:

• MiG-29 front-line fighters of various modifications - 184 units. In addition to the MiG-29 S, MiG-29 M and MiG-29UB modifications, the latest versions of the MiG-29 SMT and MiG-29UBT (28 and 6 units as of 2013) were put into service. At the same time, there are no plans to modernize old-built aircraft. Based on the MiG-29, the promising multi-role fighter MiG-35 was created, but the signing of a contract for its production was postponed in favor of the MiG-29 SMT.
• front-line Su-27 fighters of various modifications - 360 units, including 52 Su-27UB. Since 2010, re-equipment has been underway with new modifications of the Su-27 SM and Su-27 SM3, of which 82 units have been delivered.
• front-line fighters Su-35 S - 34 units. According to the contract, by 2015 it is planned to complete the delivery of a series of 48 aircraft of this type.
• multi-role Su-30 fighters of various modifications - 51 units, including 16 Su-30 M2 and 32 Su-30 SM. At the same time, the second series of Su-30 SM is currently being delivered; 30 units should be delivered by 2016.
• MiG-31 fighter-interceptors of several modifications - 252 units. It is known that since 2014, MiG-31 BS aircraft have been upgraded to the MiG-31 BSM level, and another 60 MiG-31 B aircraft are planned to be upgraded to the MiG-31 BM level by 2020.

MiG-29

The fourth-generation light front-line fighter MiG-29 was developed in the USSR and has been mass-produced since 1983. In fact he was one of the best fighters of its class in the world and, having a very successful design, was repeatedly modernized and, in the form of the latest modifications, entered the 21st century as a multi-purpose aircraft as part of the Russian Air Force. Initially intended to gain air superiority at tactical depth. In the west it is known as "Fulcrum".

By the time of the collapse of the USSR, about 1,400 vehicles of various variants were produced at factories in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod. Now the MiG-29, in various versions, is in service with the armies of more than two dozen countries near and far abroad, where it has taken part in local wars and armed conflicts.

The Russian Air Force currently operates 184 MiG-29 fighters of the following modifications:

• MiG-29 S - had an increased combat load compared to the MiG-29 and was equipped with new weapons;
• MiG-29 M - a multi-role fighter of the “4+” generation, had an increased range and combat load, and was equipped with new weapons;
• MiG-29UB - two-seat combat training version without radar;
• MiG-29 SMT is the latest modernized version with the ability to use high-precision air-to-surface weapons, increased flight range, the latest electronics (first flight in 1997, adopted in 2004, 28 units delivered by 2013), weapons are located on six underwing and one ventral external suspension units, there is a built-in 30 mm cannon;
• MiG-29UBT - combat training version of the MiG-29 SMT (6 units delivered).

For the most part, all older MiG-29 aircraft are physically outdated and it was decided not to repair or modernize them, but to purchase them instead new technology- MiG-29 SMT (a contract for the supply of 16 aircraft was signed in 2014) and MiG-29UBT, as well as promising MiG-35 fighters.

MiG-35

The new Russian multi-role fighter of the 4++ generation MiG-35 is a deep modernization of the MiG-29 M series aircraft, developed at the MiG Design Bureau. By design, it is maximally unified with early production aircraft, but at the same time has an increased combat load and flight range, reduced radar signature, is equipped with a radar with an active phased array antenna, the latest electronics, on-board electronic warfare complex, has an open avionics architecture and the ability to refuel in the air. The two-seat modification is designated MiG-35 D.

The MiG-35 is designed to gain air superiority and intercept enemy air attack weapons, strike with precision weapons against ground (surface) targets without entering the air defense zone day or night in any weather conditions, as well as conduct aerial reconnaissance using airborne assets.

The question of equipping the Russian Air Force with MiG-35 aircraft remains open until the contract with the Ministry of Defense is signed.

Su-27

The Su-27 front-line fighter is a fourth-generation aircraft developed in the USSR at the Sukhoi Design Bureau in the early 1980s. It was intended to gain air superiority and was at one time one of the best fighters in its class. The latest modifications of the Su‑27 continue to be in service with the Russian Air Force; in addition, as a result of the deep modernization of the Su‑27, new models of “4+” generation fighters have been developed. Along with the fourth-generation light front-line fighter, the MiG-29 was one of the best aircraft of its class in the world. According to Western classification, it is called “Flanker”.

Currently, the Air Force combat units include 226 Su‑27 and 52 Su‑27UB fighters of old production. Since 2010, re-equipment to the modernized version of the Su-27 SM began (first flight in 2002). Currently, 70 such vehicles have been delivered to the troops. In addition, fighters of the Su-27 SM3 modification are supplied (12 units were produced), which differ from the previous version in the AL-31 F-M1 engines (afterburner thrust 13,500 kgf), reinforced airframe design and additional weapons suspension points.

Su-30

The heavy two-seat multirole fighter Su‑30 of the “4+” generation was created at the Sukhoi Design Bureau on the basis of the Su‑27UB combat trainer aircraft through deep modernization. The main purpose is to control group combat operations of fighters when solving problems of gaining air superiority, supporting combat operations of other types of aviation, providing cover ground troops and objects, destruction of landing forces in the air, as well as conducting aerial reconnaissance and destruction of ground (surface) targets. The Su-30 features a long range and duration of flights and effective control of a group of fighters. The aircraft's Western designation is "Flanker-C".

The Russian Air Force currently has 3 Su‑30, 16 Su‑30 M2 (all produced by KNAAPO) and 32 Su‑30 SM (produced by the Irkut plant). The last two modifications are supplied in accordance with contracts from 2012, when two batches of 30 Su-30 SM units (until 2016) and 16 Su-30 M2 units were ordered.

Su‑35

The Su-35 multi-role super-maneuverable fighter belongs to the “4++” generation and is equipped with engines with thrust vector control. Developed by the Sukhoi Design Bureau, this aircraft is very close in characteristics to fifth-generation fighters. The Su‑35 is designed to gain air superiority and intercept enemy air attack weapons, strike with high-precision weapons against ground (surface) targets without entering the air defense zone day or night in all weather conditions

conditions, as well as conducting aerial reconnaissance using airborne means. In the west it is designated “Flanker-E+”.

In 2009, a contract was signed to supply the Russian Air Force with 48 of the latest production Su‑35C fighters in the period 2012–2015, of which 34 units are already in service. It is expected to conclude another contract for the supply of these aircraft in 2015–2020.

MiG-31

The two-seat supersonic all-weather long-range fighter-interceptor MiG-31 was developed in the USSR at the Mikoyan Design Bureau in the 1970s. At that time it was the first fourth generation aircraft. Designed to intercept and destroy air targets at all altitudes - from extremely low to very high, day and night, in any weather conditions, in difficult jamming environments. In fact, the main task of the MiG-31 was to intercept cruise missiles across the entire range of altitudes and speeds, as well as low-flying satellites. The fastest combat aircraft. The modern MiG-31 BM has an on-board radar with unique characteristics not yet available to other foreign aircraft. According to Western classification, it is designated “Foxhound”.

The MiG-31 fighter-interceptors currently in service with the Russian Air Force (252 units) have several modifications:

• MiG‑31 B - serial modification with aerial refueling system (adopted into service in 1990)
• MiG-31 BS is a variant of the basic MiG-31, upgraded to the level of the MiG-31 B, but without an in-flight refueling boom.
• MiG-31 BM - a modernized version with the Zaslon-M radar (developed in 1998), which has an increased range of up to 320 km, equipped with the latest electronic systems, including satellite navigation, capable of using air-to-surface guided missiles. By 2020, it is planned to upgrade 60 MiG-31 B to the level of the MiG-31 BM. The second stage of state testing of the aircraft was completed in 2012.
• MiG-31 BSM is a modernized version of the MiG-31 BS with the Zaslon-M radar and associated electronics. Modernization of combat aircraft has been carried out since 2014.

Thus, the Russian Air Force will have 60 MiG-31 BM and 30-40 MiG-31 BSM aircraft in service, and approximately 150 older aircraft will be decommissioned. It is possible that a new interceptor, codenamed MiG-41, will appear in the future.

Promising developments

PAK-FA

The promising front-line aviation complex - PAK FA - includes a fifth-generation multi-role fighter developed by the Sukhoi Design Bureau under the designation T-50. The totality of characteristics will have to exceed all foreign analogues and in the near future, after being put into service, it will become the main fighter aircraft of the Russian Air Force.

The PAK FA is designed to gain air supremacy and intercept enemy air attack weapons in all altitude ranges, as well as launch high-precision weapons against ground (surface) targets without entering the air defense zone day or night in any weather conditions, and can be used for aerial reconnaissance using on-board equipment. The aircraft fully meets all the requirements for fifth-generation fighters: stealth, supersonic cruising speed, high maneuverability with high overloads, advanced electronics, multifunctionality.

According to plans, serial production of the T-50 aircraft for the Russian Air Force should begin in 2016, and by 2020 the first aviation units equipped with it will appear in Russia. It is also known that production for export is possible. In particular, an export modification is being created together with India, designated FGFA (Fifth Generation Fighter Aircraft).

PAK-DP (MiG‑41)

Some sources report that the MiG Design Bureau, together with the design bureau of the Sokol aircraft plant (Nizhny Novgorod), is currently developing a long-range, high-speed fighter-interceptor with the code name “advanced long-range interception aircraft complex” - PAK DP, also known as MiG-41. It was stated that development began in 2013 on the basis of the MiG-31 fighter by order of the Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces. Perhaps this refers to a deep modernization of the MiG-31, which was worked on earlier, but was not implemented. It was also reported that the promising interceptor is planned to be developed as part of the weapons program until 2020 and put into service until 2028.

In 2014, information appeared in the media that the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force V. Bondarev said that now only research work is underway, and in 2017 it is planned to begin development work on the creation of a promising long-range interception aircraft complex.

(continued in the next issue)

Summary table of the quantitative composition of aircraft
Air Force of the Russian Federation (2014–2015)*