This day in history is November 7th. Parade on Red Square. Russian Military Glory Day

In 1455, the process of rehabilitating Joan of Arc began.
November 7 at the cathedral Notre Dame of Paris A touching ceremony took place: Jeanne's mother, Isabelle Romeu, accompanied by the inhabitants of Orleans, appeared before the three prelates sent by the Pope to investigate her daughter's case, and spoke of her as a zealous Christian who devoted herself to the liberation of France. In the following days, he began interviewing witnesses to the events that took place 24 years earlier, when Jeanne was convicted and sent to the stake as a witch. On July 7, 1456, the heroine was acquitted, and on May 16, 1920, the Vatican canonized her.

In 1480 Grand Duke Moscow John the Third, publicly tearing up the charter in which the Golden Horde Khan was called the Russian Tsar, proclaimed himself sovereign of all Rus'. The prince was given courage by his recent victory over the army of Khan Akhmat on the Ugra River. The leader of the Mongol-Tatars fled to his capital - Sarai, where he was soon killed. So the Moscow principality received actual independence. And the day November 7, 1480 began to be counted official date deliverance from the shameful yoke.

On this day in 1794, Catherine II received a dispatch from Alexander Suvorov about the capture of the Polish capital. The general-in-chief's report was terse: “Hurray! Warsaw is yours...” The Empress, in the tone of her beloved commander, answered just as succinctly: “Thank you, Field Marshal...” This is how the commander learned about the promotion in rank. Catherine ordered that Suvorov be sent a field marshal's uniform, a military baton studded with diamonds, and an invitation to live in the Tauride Palace. Among other gifts was a snuff box with the image of Alexander the Great. Alexander Vasilyevich did not part with her until the end of his life. Catherine explained his appointment as commander to suppress the uprising of Tadeusz Kosciuszko as follows: “I am sending two armies to Poland, one from the troops, the other from Suvorov...” Soon after the capture of Warsaw, an agreement on the third partition of Poland was signed in St. Petersburg. As a result, the country with that name disappeared from the map of Europe, and the Russian border began to run along the Bug and Neman.

In 1869, the world's first intercity bicycle race was held. Participants competed on the 135-kilometer Paris-Rouen route. The victory was won by 19-year-old Englishman James Moore, who lived in the French capital, and covered the distance in 10 hours and 25 minutes, including the time of walking up steep hills with a bicycle. The same Moore, a year and a half earlier, had won the first ever “chamber” bicycle race in the Parc Saint-Cloud near Paris, at a distance of 1,200 m - from the central gate to the main fountain.

In 1902, in the capital of gunsmiths Tula, on the initiative of Fyodor Sergeevich Arkhangelsky, the first sobering station in Russia called "shelter for the intoxicated". The first domestic sobering-up center had two isolated sections - for alcoholics and for children of drinking parents. The establishment was supposed to - I quote: “provide free accommodation, care and medical assistance to those persons who would be picked up by police officials or otherwise on the streets of Tula in a severe and insensitive drunken state and who would need medical assistance.”

On the evening of November 7, 1917, at 21.45, the cruiser Aurora gave a signal to the gunners with a blank shot Peter and Paul Fortress open fire on Zimny. Four hours later the palace was taken.
The country, meanwhile, had no idea about the drastic changes. In Petrograd, Fyodor Chaliapin sang in the opera Don Carlos. In Moscow in Art Theater they gave "Woe from Wit". The performance featured, or rather shone, Konstantin Stanislavsky, Vasily Kachalov, Ivan Moskvin... And on this day, the first benefit performance of Alexander Vertinsky took place in Moscow. As you know, the singer did not accept the revolution and emigrated to Europe. Only at the end of 1943 did the Soviet government allow him to return to his homeland.

According to the chronicles, Plato was born on November 7, 428 BC. In fact, the famous Greek's name was Aristocles. And the nickname “Plato” - which means “full”, “broad-shouldered” - was given to him by his teacher, Socrates, for the extraordinary width of his chest and forehead. The most famous of Plato's 36 philosophical works, "The Republic" is a book of reasoning about what should be ideal society. An interesting detail: having taken up philosophy, Plato destroyed all his literary works. That's what he thought, anyway. But 25 poetic miniature epigrams have reached us, allowing us to judge the poetic gift of Aristocles - Plato.

Born in 1867 Maria Skłodowska-Curie, French physicist and chemist, the first woman professor at the Sorbonne, twice Nobel Prize winner.
Disappointment in her first love prompted the twenty-four-year-old teacher to make science the object of her passion. Over time, this passion became like a mania: devoting all her time to work, Maria did not want to sacrifice an extra minute to eat normally, not to mention a full sleep. Soon, the young scientist Pierre Curie, who was fascinated by literally everything about her, drew attention to the mademoiselle obsessed with science. The lover's first gift was not flowers or some trinket, but the just published report “On symmetry in physical phenomena. Symmetry of electric and magnetic fields".
Having become the wife of Pierre Curie, Maria began working in his laboratory. In 1903, the couple, together with Henri Becquerel, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery and study of the phenomenon of radioactivity. In 1911, after the death of her husband, Skladovskaya-Curie received Nobel Prize in chemistry. The Curie couple's daughter Irene, together with her husband Frédéric Joliot-Curie, received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 for their discovery of the phenomenon of artificial radioactivity.

Born in 1879 (real name Leiba Bronstein), professional revolutionary, Soviet party, military and statesman. He was attractive and talented, and therefore many admired him, but many did not love him. His biography resembles an adventure novel. After October, Trotsky was in no way inferior to Lenin in popularity. He was People's Commissar for Military and maritime affairs, Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, organizer of the Red Army. After Lenin’s death, Lev Davidovich underestimated the intrigues of his party comrades and lost: he was relieved of all posts, expelled from the party in 1927, sent into exile, and in 1929 exiled abroad. He was active abroad political life and was eventually killed in 1940 in Mexico City in an assassination attempt.
Almost all of his ideas were implemented by Stalin (accelerated industrialization, collectivization, forced labor). Trotsky’s name was banned for many years, but many of his expressions (without reference to the author) were widely used in the press: “I am the son of the working people”, “a link between the city and the countryside”, “gnaw the granite of science”, “send to the dustbin of history” and other.

In 1891, he was born - a writer who believed in the romance of the revolution. Philology student at Moscow University, brother of mercy on the fronts of World War I, head of the revolutionary headquarters, commissar rifle division, a brilliant speaker and publicist.
His famous novel "Chapaev" became an epic legend of the times Civil War.

(October 28, O.S.) The Moscow Kremlin is liberated by the people's militia led by Prince Dmitry POZHARSKY and Kuzma MINI from the Poles who had settled in it.

It was just an episode of the Time of Troubles , which marked his heroic impulse and the patriotism of the leaders. Let's try to figure out the holidays currently celebrated in Russia. Let's start with the fact that November 4 is not associated with any of the mentioned reasons.

List of the Kazan Icon Mother of God was delivered to the militia on November 1, at the same time Kitai-Gorod was taken, and if you believe historians and the Poles themselves, then the Kremlin - the heart and soul of Russia - was liberated not on November 4, but on November 7, that is, on the day from which They have tried so clumsily to lead us away in recent years.

And Pozharsky’s regiments marched to the capital under the Reds the banners of the prince. In past years, one could be convinced that many were happy to celebrate not their liberation at all, but the expulsion of foreigners and people of other faiths. But the trouble in the Time of Troubles did not come from strangers - the Poles and Swedes, who were on the side of the heap and whom they themselves called to the kingdom. The Troubles did not begin with them and did not end with them.

When Pozharsky did not allow reprisals With the defeated Poles, the rage of the Cossack regiments left without prey turned on everyone around. A witness to the Time of Troubles, Avramy PALITSYN, wrote: “The army of the Cossack rank was numerous and then became a great delight to the bitter taste of the former faller; having fallen into fornication, and drink, and grain; and having drunk and lost all his property; robbed, raped many in the army, especially the Orthodox peasantry; and proceeding from the reigning city to all cities and villages and villages, and on the way it is plundering and tormenting without mercy, worse than the first ten. And who can explain then the troubles that have been caused by them! Not a single one of the infidels has done as much evil as they have done. Orthodox Christian, variously painful. And throughout all of Russia there was a great rebellion and disorder worse than the first (previous). The boyars and governors do not know what to do..."

This is the true picture of what is suggested to be celebrated. Do you agree with this unity? If we look at the consequences of the Time of Troubles, it will be the revival of the monarchy in the form of autocracy, the 300-year rule of the House of Romanov. If the Time of Troubles began in those years when St. George’s Day was abolished, when the abandoned people were dying of hunger, then everything ended under ALEXEY MIKHAILOVICH with the complete enslavement of the peasantry, the strengthening of the power of the landowners who owned the land and the slave-peasants who cultivated it, about which for some reason almost no one does not speak. We know when serfdom was abolished, and we consider this event significant, but for some reason we don’t remember at all when it began.

1708

Mazepa

(October 27, O.S.) PETER I, standing with main army in Pogrebki on the Desna, received a letter from MENSHIKOV notifying him of the betrayal of Hetman MAZEPA.

1715 295 years ago

(October 27, O.S.) Tsarevich ALEXEY submitted a letter to PETER I, which, in particular, said: “... if you please, for my indecency, deprive me of the Russian crown, be it according to your will.

This is what I humbly ask of you, sir: as soon as I see myself, I am inconvenient and indecent for this matter, I am also very devoid of memory (without which nothing can be done), and with all my mental and physical strength (from various diseases), I have become weak and indecent to such an extent of the people to the government, which requires a person not as rotten as me.

For the sake of the legacy... Russian for you... I do not claim and will not claim in the future... I entrust my children to your will; I ask for food for myself until I die.”

1830 180 years ago

(October 26, O.S.) Following “The Miserly Knight,” Alexander PUSHKIN completed work on the drama “Mozart and Salieri.”

Arrived in September at the estate his father Boldino to accept part of his inheritance, the poet could not leave the village for Moscow for three months due to the outbreak of a cholera epidemic. The forced seclusion during Pushkin’s first Boldino autumn turned out to be extremely fruitful. In addition to the poems written during this period, he completed work on the eighth and ninth chapters of the novel “Eugene Onegin”, completed several “Belkin” stories, the poem “The House in Kolomna” and four plays that are called “small tragedies”. In the coming days, “The Stone Guest” and “A Feast in the Time of Plague” will also appear from his pen.

(October 25, O.S.) The first issue was published in St. Petersburg monthly literary and artistic magazine "Apollo" edited by Sergei Konstantinovich MAKOVSKY. I.F. ANNENSKY, Vyach. collaborated with the magazine. I. IVANOV, A. L. VOLYNSKY, A. N. BENOIS, M. A. KUZMIN, M. A. VOLOSHIN. BLOK, BRYUSOV, GUMILYOV and many other authors were subsequently published on its pages. After 1917 the magazine ceased to exist.

Once upon a time in our former state it was the Red Day of the calendar, and today we already have to explain why the revolution is called the October Revolution (happened on October 25, old style) and why it is worthy of the definition of Great.

You can just call it a coup , but to deny that 1917 radically changed the destinies of the whole world is simply stupid. How naive it was to later call the former Public Holiday The Day of Harmony and Reconciliation and how absurd it is to celebrate November 4th as National Unity Day in Russia today.

1917

(October 25, O.S.) At 22:45 in Petrograd The Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies opened. Of the 1,046 delegates and guests who participated, 525 were Bolsheviks. The congress was chaired by L. B. KAMENEV. Major decisions about power, peace and land will be accepted at night and in the evening of the next day.

The first benefit performance of Alexander VERTINSKY took place in Moscow.

The first stamps were issued Soviet Russia. The author of the drawing - a sword cutting chains - was the Latvian graphic artist Richard ZARINS.

1924

The first Soviet cars passed through Red Square - one and a half ton cars "AMO-F-15" of the Moscow Automobile Plant.

1930 80 years ago

The State Historical and Ethnographic Museum-Reserve "Shushenskoye" was opened. Just in case, let me remind you that this is now an ethnographic museum, and it owes its birth to the fact that the Siberian village was the place of exile of the leader of the world proletariat.

1932

In Leningrad on Liteiny Prospekt, 4 , the building of the Plenipotentiary Representative Office of the OGPU was opened in the Leningrad Military District. People called him Big house. Today it houses the St. Petersburg department of the FSB.

1941

Ivan PYRYEV’s comedy film “The Pig Farmer and the Shepherd” was released on the screens of a warring country. with Marina LADININA, Vladimir ZELDIN and Nikolai KRYUCHKOV in the leading roles.

The famous military parade on Red Square, from which soldiers went to the front to defend Moscow.

Leonid Ilyich BREZHNEV for the first time ascended the podium of the Mausoleum.

1967

During the celebrations in honor of the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution (science fiction writer Arthur CLARK even predicted their grandiose scale in one of his novels) a blank shot from the cruiser Aurora was repeated. As in 1917, the command “Fire!” submitted by the ship's commissioner Alexander Viktorovich BELYSHEV. But Evdokim OGNEV, who fired the historic shot, died in 1918 in a battle in the Kuban.

1973

The premiere of the film “How the Steel Was Tempered” with Vladimir KONKIN in the role of Pavka Korchagin took place on Central Television.

Leonid Ilyich BREZHNEV in last time ascended the podium of the Mausoleum.

The film by Pyotr TODOROVSKY “War Romance” was released with Nikolai BURLYAEV, Natalia ANDREICHENKO and Inna CHURIKOVA in leading roles.

1990 20 years ago

During a festive demonstration on Red Square in Moscow a certain Alexander SHMONOV attempted to assassinate M. S. GORBACHEV, who was standing on the podium of the Mausoleum.

Snatched from under my coat a double-barreled shotgun with a cut-off butt (to acquire it he had to join the hunting society), Shmonov tried to take aim at those standing on the podium, but was prevented by police sergeant Andrei MYLNIKOV.

Shots were still fired , but no one was harmed. The detained terrorist was later declared insane, forcibly treated for four years, and then released. Deciding that it was better to take a different path, he later attempted to become a deputy.

By decree of the President of Russia, instead of celebrating the anniversary October revolution November 7 was ordered to be considered the Day of Harmony and Reconciliation.

Richard GNIDA (GNAIDA) sentenced to 9 months imprisonment followed by 15 months probationary period. On June 13, 1997, he was driving a limousine when Detroit Red Wings defenseman Vladimir KONSTANTINOV and team massage therapist Sergei MNATSAKANOV were seriously injured in an accident. Vyacheslav FETISOV, by a lucky chance, escaped with bruises.

Born on this day

1879

Lev Davidovich TROTSKY /BRONSTEIN/( 1879 - 21.8.1940), a major figure in the Russian revolutionary movement, chairman of the Petrograd Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies in 1917, one of the leaders of the October Uprising.

After the victory of Soviet power he was People's Commissar for foreign affairs , then People's Commissar for Military Affairs, Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic during the Civil War. A bright speaker, a skillful and tough organizer, he became one of the founders of the Red Army.

Both before and after the revolution he was repeatedly criticized from party comrades. Having lost the struggle for power to Stalin, he was expelled from the party, expelled from the country and killed in Mexico by an NKVD agent sent by Stalin.

For many years his name was associated only with the “petty-bourgeois deviation” in the party - Trotskyism, thanks to which he was presented by the official ideology as almost a fiend from hell, and any connection with Trotsky actually served as a reason for imposing a death sentence on those who came into contact with him.

1881

Sergey Dmitrievich MERKUROV (1881 - 8.6.1952), monumental sculptor.

Mark Alexandrovich ALDANOV (1886 - 25.2.1957), writer.

1891

Dmitry Andreevich FURMANOV (1891 - 15.3.1926), writer. During the civil war, he was a commissar in the 25th division of the Eastern Front, commanded by Vasily Ivanovich CHAPAEV, later he spoke about him in his novel “Chapaev”, but did not see the film based on the book, after which the name of Chapaev became truly legendary.

1899

Dmitry Yakovlevich POKRASS (1899 - 12/20/197, composer-songwriter, National artist THE USSR.

Rina /Ekaterina/ Vasilievna GREEN (1902, Tashkent - 2.4.1991), theater and film actress (Mrs. Hudson in the series about Sherlock Holmes), famous as a master of the episode and for her pop performances. People's Artist of the USSR (1991).

Georgy Frantsevich MILLYAR (1903 - 4.6.1993), actor - a favorite of children, who played Kashchei the Immortal, Baba Yaga and other evil spirits in the movies.

Antonina Dmitrievna KOPTYAEVA (1909 - 11/12/1991), writer.

Anatoly Markovich GUREVICH (1913, Kharkov - January 2, 2009, St. Petersburg), Soviet intelligence officer, GRU officer.

Worked in Belgium, in reports to the Center he was identified as Agent Kent, was arrested by the Gestapo in the Red Chapel case. The Nazis hoped to force him to conduct a radio game with Moscow under their control, and the intelligence officer recruited his own jailers! But in 1945, in his homeland he was considered a traitor and sentenced to 20 years in prison. He was rehabilitated only in August 1991.

1913

Mikhail Sergeevich SOLOMETSEV (1913 - 15.2.200, member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee (1983-8, chairman of the Party Control Committee under the CPSU Central Committee in the same years, twice Hero of Socialist Labor. Before rising to senior positions in his party career, he was Secretary of the Central Committee (1966-71 ), a candidate member of the Politburo (1971-83), headed the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR (1971-83).

Anastasia Pavlovna GEORGIEVSKAYA (1914 - 10.9.1990), actress of the Moscow Art Theater, People's Artist THE USSR.

Lev Efimovich KERBEL (1917 - 14.8.2003), sculptor, vice president Russian Academy arts, People's Artist of the USSR (1977), Hero of Socialist Labor (1985), laureate of the Lenin Prize. One of his last works is a monument to the Kursk crew in Moscow.

Arkady Georgievich SHIPUNOV (1927), general designer and head of the Tula Instrument Design Bureau. Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991), Hero of Socialist Labor (1979), laureate of Lenin, State Prizes of the USSR (three times) and the Russian Federation (twice), honorary citizen of the city of Tula.

The world's best anti-tank missiles (ATGM) “Bassoon”, “Competition”, “Metis”, and today this third generation weapon “Cornet” is only part of the weapons designed and produced under his leadership, as well as the awards and honorary titles listed above - this is not a complete list of all those earned by many years of work regalia

1943

Boris Vsevolodovich GROMOV( 1943), “Afghan” general, Hero Soviet Union. Today he is the governor of the Moscow region.

1948

Ivan Sergeevich YARYGIN (1948 - 10/11/1997), freestyle wrestler, two-time Olympic champion in light heavyweight.

1953

Alexander Anatolyevich ROMANKOV (1953), fencer, Honored Master of Sports, 1988 Olympic champion.

The Minsk rapierist was a leader for a decade and a half Soviet team and eventually won Olympic gold. He twice became the world champion in the individual championship, in Olympic Games in Montreal and Moscow he won silver and bronze in the individual competition.

In 1980, the Soviet team could have become the champion , but one of the team members received a terrible injury (penetrating wound), and the USSR team ended up second. In 1984, as is known, the Soviet Union did not take part in the Olympic Games.

1967

Oksana Olegovna FANDERA (1967, Odessa), film actress. Wife of Philip YANKOVSKY.

In 1455, the process of rehabilitating Joan of Arc began.

On November 7, a touching ceremony took place at Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris: Jeanne's mother, Isabelle Romeu, accompanied by the residents of Orléans, appeared before the three prelates sent by the Pope to investigate her daughter's case, and spoke of her as a zealous Christian who devoted herself to the cause of the liberation of France. In the following days, he began interviewing witnesses to the events that took place 24 years earlier, when Jeanne was convicted and sent to the stake as a witch. On July 7, 1456, the heroine was acquitted, and on May 16, 1920, the Vatican canonized her.

In 1480, the Grand Duke of Moscow John the Third, publicly tearing up the charter in which the Golden Horde Khan was called the Russian Tsar, proclaimed himself sovereign of all Rus'.

The prince was given courage by his recent victory over the army of Khan Akhmat on the Ugra River. The leader of the Mongol-Tatars fled to his capital - Sarai, where he was soon killed. So the Moscow principality received actual independence. And the day November 7, 1480 began to be considered the official date of deliverance from the shameful yoke.

On November 17, 1786, the Russian tragic actress Ekaterina Semenova, the daughter of a serf, was born.

Semenova’s major stage success was the role of Antigone in Ozerov’s tragedy “Oedipus in Athens.” During the tour of the French actress Mademoiselle Georges in Russia, a creative competition arose between her and Semyonova. French criticism recognized Semenova's victory. After studying theater arts with the poet and translator Nikolai Gnedich, Semenova brilliantly played the tragic roles of Amenaid in Voltaire's Tancred, Ariana in Corneille's Ariana, and Hermione in Racine's Andromache.

At the age of 40, she left the stage, marrying senator Prince Ivan Gagarin. Pushkin admired Semenova’s art, and Karl Bryullov painted her portrait.

In 1794, on November 7, Catherine the Second received a dispatch from Alexander Suvorov about the capture of the Polish capital.

The general-in-chief's report was terse: “Hurray! Warsaw is yours...” The Empress, in the tone of her beloved commander, answered just as succinctly: “Thank you, Field Marshal...” This is how the commander learned about the promotion in rank. Catherine ordered that Suvorov be sent a field marshal's uniform, a military baton studded with diamonds, and an invitation to live in the Tauride Palace. Among other gifts was a snuff box with the image of Alexander the Great. Alexander Vasilyevich did not part with her until the end of his life.

Catherine explained his appointment as commander to suppress the uprising of Tadeusz Kosciuszko as follows: “I am sending two armies to Poland, one from the troops, the other from Suvorov...” Soon after the capture of Warsaw, an agreement on the third partition of Poland was signed in St. Petersburg. As a result, the country with that name disappeared from the map of Europe, and the Russian border began to run along the Bug and Neman.

In 1867, Marie Skłodowska-Curie was born, a French physicist and chemist, the first woman professor at the Sorbonne, and a two-time Nobel Prize winner.

Disappointment in her first love prompted the twenty-four-year-old teacher to make science the object of her passion. Over time, this passion became like a mania: devoting all her time to work, Maria did not want to sacrifice an extra minute to eat normally, not to mention a full sleep. Soon, the young scientist Pierre Curie, who was fascinated by literally everything about her, drew attention to the mademoiselle obsessed with science. The lover's first gift was not flowers or some trinket, but the just published report “On symmetry in physical phenomena. Symmetry of electric and magnetic fields".

Having become the wife of Pierre Curie, Maria began working in his laboratory. In 1903, the couple, together with Henri Becquerel, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery and study of the phenomenon of radioactivity. In 1911, after the death of her husband, Skladovskaya-Curie received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for obtaining radium in the metallic state. The Curie couple's daughter Irene, together with her husband Frédéric Joliot-Curie, received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 for their discovery of the phenomenon of artificial radioactivity.

In 1869, the world's first intercity bicycle race was held. Participants competed on the 135-kilometer Paris-Rouen route.

The victory was won by 19-year-old Englishman James Moore, who lived in the French capital, and covered the distance in 10 hours and 25 minutes, including the time of walking up steep hills with a bicycle. The same Moore, a year and a half earlier, had won the first ever “chamber” bicycle race in the Parc Saint-Cloud near Paris, at a distance of 1,200 m - from the central gate to the main fountain.

In 1879, Leon Trotsky (real name Leiba Bronstein), a professional revolutionary, Soviet party, military and statesman, was born. He was attractive and talented, and therefore many admired him, but many did not love him.

His biography resembles an adventure novel. After October, Trotsky was in no way inferior to Lenin in popularity. He was People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, and organizer of the Red Army. After Lenin’s death, Lev Davidovich underestimated the intrigues of his party comrades and lost: he was relieved of all posts, expelled from the party in 1927, sent into exile, and in 1929 exiled abroad. He led an active political life abroad and was eventually killed in 1940 in Mexico City as a result of an assassination attempt.

Almost all of his ideas were implemented by Stalin (accelerated industrialization, collectivization, forced labor). Trotsky’s name was banned for many years, but many of his expressions (without reference to the author) were widely used in the press: “I am the son of the working people”, “a link between the city and the countryside”, “gnaw the granite of science”, “send to the dustbin of history” and other.

In 1891, Dmitry Furmanov was born, a writer who believed in the romance of revolution.

Philology student at Moscow University, brother of mercy on the fronts of the First World War, head of the revolutionary headquarters, commissar of the rifle division, brilliant speaker and publicist.
His famous novel Chapaev became an epic legend during the Civil War.

In 1902, in the capital of gunsmiths Tula, on the initiative of Fyodor Sergeevich Arkhangelsky, the first sobering-up center in Russia called “a shelter for the intoxicated” was opened.

The first domestic sobering-up center had two isolated sections - for alcoholics and for children of drinking parents. The establishment was supposed to - I quote: “provide free accommodation, care and medical assistance to those persons who would be picked up by police officials or otherwise on the streets of Tula in a severe and insensitive drunken state and who would need medical assistance.”

It ended with the capture of the Winter Palace, the arrest of members of the Provisional Government and the proclamation of Soviet power, which lasted in our country for more than seventy years.

They began to celebrate November 7 immediately; This day was celebrated in the USSR as the main holiday of the country - the Day of the Great October Socialist Revolution. Under Stalin, the festive canon also took final shape: a demonstration of workers, the appearance of leaders on the podium of the Mausoleum, and, finally, a military parade on Red Square, for which the entrances to the main square of the capital were specially reconstructed. This canon was strictly observed, and even November 7, 1941, when the Germans were advancing on Moscow, was no exception: the regiments that marched through Red Square went straight to the front. The 1941 parade in terms of its influence on the course of events is equal to the most important military operation.

On the same day, the Day of Military Glory of Russia is celebrated - the Day of the military parade on Red Square in Moscow to commemorate the twenty-fourth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution (1941).

According to the survey Analytical Center Yuri Levada (Levada-Center), in 2012, 18% of respondents planned to celebrate October Revolution Day on November 7.
Most of the people who planned to celebrate this day were pensioners (31%) and in general Russians over 55 years of age (29%), with a low consumer status - only enough money for groceries (20%), living in rural settlements (26%) and supporters of Vladimir Zhirinovsky (39%).
The majority (61%) answered that they would definitely not celebrate either National Unity Day on November 4 or October Revolution Day on November 7; another 9% were undecided.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

On November 7, 1455, the process of rehabilitating Joan of Arc began. On this day, a touching ceremony took place in Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris: Jeanne's mother, Isabelle Romeu, accompanied by the residents of Orleans, appeared before three prelates sent by the Pope to investigate the case of her daughter, and told about her as a zealous Christian who dedicated herself to the liberation of France. In the following days, she began interviewing witnesses to the events that took place 24 years earlier, when Jeanne was convicted and sent to the stake as a witch. On July 7, 1456, the heroine was acquitted, and on May 16, 1920, the Vatican canonized.

On November 7, 1824, the largest flood in the city’s history occurred in St. Petersburg, a symbol of the disaster that threatened it in Pushkin’s “The Bronze Horseman.”

On this day in 1729, the Senate issued a Decree on punishment for duty-free sale and secret transportation of salt. This decree decided to punish duty-free sales and secret transportation of salt, as well as to establish outposts in the Kazan and Astrakhan provinces.

On November 7, 1794, Catherine II received a dispatch from Alexander Suvorov about the capture of the Polish capital. The general-in-chief's report was terse: “Hurray! Warsaw is yours...” The Empress, in the tone of her beloved commander, answered just as succinctly: “Thank you, Field Marshal...” This is how the commander learned about the promotion in rank. Catherine ordered that Suvorov be sent a field marshal's uniform, a military baton studded with diamonds, and an invitation to live in the Tauride Palace. Among other gifts was a snuff box with the image of Alexander the Great. Alexander Vasilyevich did not part with her until the end of his life. Catherine explained his appointment as commander to suppress the uprising of Tadeusz Kosciuszko as follows: “I am sending two armies to Poland, one from the troops, the other from Suvorov...” Soon after the capture of Warsaw, an agreement on the third partition of Poland was signed in St. Petersburg. As a result, the country with that name disappeared from the map of Europe, and the Russian border began to run along the Bug and Neman.

On this day in 1865, the Repeating Light Company began producing the nation's first pocket lighters in Springfield, Massachusetts.

On November 7, 1869, the world's first intercity bicycle race was held. Participants competed on the 135-kilometer Paris-Rouen route. The victory was won by 19-year-old Englishman James Moore, who lived in the French capital, and covered the distance in 10 hours and 25 minutes, including the time of walking up steep hills with a bicycle. The same Moore, a year and a half earlier, had won the first ever “chamber” bicycle race in the Parc Saint-Cloud near Paris, at a distance of 1,200 m - from the central gate to the main fountain.

On this day in 1876, Albert Hook of New York patented a cigarette-making machine. The device produced a long cigarette, which at the next stage was cut into short pieces.

On November 7, 1902, in the capital of gunsmiths Tula, on the initiative of Fyodor Sergeevich Arkhangelsky, the first sobering station in Russia called “a shelter for the intoxicated” was opened. The first domestic sobering-up center had two isolated sections - for alcoholics and for children of drinking parents. The establishment was supposed to - I quote: “provide free accommodation, care and medical assistance to those persons who would be picked up by police officials or otherwise on the streets of Tula in a severe and insensitive drunken state and who would need medical assistance.”

On November 7, 1908, British physicist Ernest Rutherford announced his discovery of the process of atomic fission. It was 30 years before German physicist Lise Meitner, born November 7, 1878 and emigrated from Nazi Germany, split uranium nuclei.

On this day in 1916, women's rights advocate Jeannette Rankin of Montana became the first woman elected to the U.S. Congress, more than 30 years before women would gain a seat in the Senate.

On the evening of November 7, 1917, at 21.45, the cruiser Aurora gave the signal to the artillerymen of the Peter and Paul Fortress to open fire on the Winter Palace with a blank shot. Four hours later the palace was taken. The country, meanwhile, had no idea about the drastic changes. In Petrograd, Fyodor Chaliapin sang in the opera Don Carlos. In Moscow, at the Art Theater they performed "Woe from Wit". The performance featured, or rather shone, Konstantin Stanislavsky, Vasily Kachalov, Ivan Moskvin... And on this day, the first benefit performance of Alexander Vertinsky took place in Moscow. As you know, the singer did not accept the revolution and emigrated to Europe. Only at the end of 1943 did the Soviet government allow him to return to his homeland.

On this day in 1918 the first stamps Soviet Russia. The first postage stamps of the RSFSR were issued in 1918, on the first anniversary of the October Revolution. The history of these brands was somewhat unusual. Back in early 1917, immediately after the overthrow of Emperor Nicholas II, the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs of the Provisional Government decided to issue a postage stamp representing the liberation of the people from the shackles of tsarism. On them, the artist R. Zarrins depicted a hand with a sword cutting a chain, and the inscription “Russia”. However, while the stamp was being produced, the Provisional Government was overthrown by the Bolsheviks, and the newly formed People's Commissariat of the RSFSR, after some changes to the stamp's cliche, gave instructions to issue it as its own. The first revolutionary stamps in denominations of 35 kopecks (blue) and 70 kopecks (brown) appeared for sale at the Moscow, Petrograd and post offices of the provincial cities of the country. Several copies were released. Then a decree was issued on January 1, 1918, to send simple letters and postcards free of charge, at the expense of the state. This decree was in effect until August 15, 1921. The first USSR postage stamps were issued in August 1923. They were dedicated to the First All-Russian Agricultural and Handicraft Exhibition.

While stamps were being dealt with in Russia, on this same day in 1918, a rumor sweeping through New York about the end of the First World War led to the stock exchange closing earlier than usual, and brokers taking to the streets to celebrate. happy event. In fact, the armistice agreement was signed only a week later.

On November 7, 1918, the Red Army destroyed the anti-Bolshevik commune in Izhevsk, created, in particular, by the workers of the city. And nine years later, in 1927, an alternative demonstration organized by Trotsky and Zinoviev took place in Moscow on Red Square and was suppressed.

On November 7, 1924, on the day of the next anniversary of the October Revolution, marking the birth of the Soviet automobile industry, 10 of the first cars produced by the Moscow manufacturer rode at the head of a column of demonstrators on Red Square. automobile plant AMO (later ZIS, then ZIL, now JSC AMO-ZIL) from domestic materials. These were one and a half ton trucks AMO-F-15 - “one and a half” trucks, which were an improved model of the Italian FIAT-15 of the 1915 model, selected for production in the USSR based on the results of the All-Russian motor rally of 1923.

On November 7, 1932, two events took place, peculiarly in harmony with one another: in Leningrad, on Liteiny Prospekt, the GPU moved into its new building - the famous “ Big house", and in the film "Oncoming" for the first time, Dmitry Shostakovich's song to the verses of Boris Kornilov was heard - "Don't sleep, get up, curly, / Ringing in the workshops, / The country rises with glory / To meet the day!"

On November 7, 1941, during the Battle of Moscow, a military parade was held on Red Square. Out of precaution, it began two hours earlier than before the war - at 8 o'clock in the morning. On this day in Moscow it was a cloudy morning, snow, blizzards, and icing created difficulties in holding the solemn event, but on the other hand, bad weather prevented enemy air raids. On the podium of the mausoleum were the top leadership of the state, representatives of Soviet organizations and intelligentsia, advanced workers, and military personnel. The traditional military ritual on Red Square was well organized and solemn. The parade was hosted by the Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, Marshal of the Soviet Union SM. Budyonny, the parade was commanded by the commander of the Moscow Military District, Lieutenant General P. L. Artemyev. The features of the legendary military parade of 1941 in Moscow were: firstly, great difficulties in its organization and conduct. The capital's garrison did not have a sufficient number of troops that could be removed from the city's defense to participate in the parade; all tanks and artillery were in combat positions. It was not easy to organize a parade of newly formed units without the usual careful preparation, to which Peaceful time it took one and a half to two months. Artillery units arrived directly from firing positions. Tank brigade, unloaded from railway platforms, had to know exactly its place in the formation and the order of passage. The preparation of troops for the parade was carried out in the strictest secrecy. By order of Headquarters Supreme High Command commanders and personnel units did not know that they would participate in the parade on Red Square. They were informed that in mid-November Muscovites wanted to organize a small ceremonial viewing in the area Crimean bridge troops going to the front. The units allocated for this review parade, in the course of regular training sessions and in closed areas, were instructed to strengthen drill training. Only late at night, around 11 p.m. on November 6, after ceremonial meeting at the Mayakovskaya metro station, the commander of the parade, Lieutenant General P.A. Artemyev informed the unit commanders about their participation in the parade. The proximity of the airfields allowed fascist aviation to carry out continuous 5-8 hours a day raids on the capital. For example, in October-November 1941, the enemy carried out 72 raids on Moscow; on October 28, the air raid warning in the city was announced six times: four times during the day and twice at night. Therefore, on the eve of the holiday, the entire air defense system was brought into combat readiness number one. About 550 aircraft were used to repel enemy raids at airfields near Moscow. And when on November 6, about 250 enemy bombers tried to break through to the center of Moscow in order to disrupt the festive celebration, anti-aircraft gunners and fighter pilots shot down 34 fascist planes. In order to fetter enemy activity, on November 6 and 7, diversionary strikes were carried out on German positions in the Volokolamsk, Mozhaisk and Maloyaroslavets directions; secondly, despite the difficult situation, the greatness of the parade was emphasized by strict adherence to the traditionality of its ritual. By the morning of November 7, Red Square acquired a festive look; it was freed from “camouflage”, the Kremlin stars were uncovered and lit. The parade was held in full form - in the traditions of the Russian army, with military music. For this purpose, a combined orchestra was created, led by the quartermaster of the 1st rank, composer and conductor V. Agapkin, the author of the march “Farewell of the Slav”. At the parade, as in peacetime, infantry, cavalry, artillery, tanks, sailors, Air Defense Forces and the NKVD were represented, cadets of military schools and working battalions marched in a solemn march. In total, about 28.5 thousand people took part in the parade, 140 artillery pieces, 160 tanks and 232 vehicles. According to the recollections of participants in the legendary parade, the equipment shone, the soldiers were dressed in warm, high-quality uniforms. “Everything looked solid, solid.” Bad weather did not allow the 300 aircraft prepared for the air parade to take part. The only thing that outwardly distinguished the parade from peacetime was the absence of a demonstration. After the parade, all participants were thanked and given 100 grams of vodka. Along with the Moscow military parade on November 7, 1941, a ground and air parade took place in Kuibyshev, where many of the evacuated government offices and diplomatic corps were located; thirdly, the parade simultaneously became a farewell to the front. If in peacetime troops took part in celebrations without ammunition, now everyone was in full field gear. The infantrymen walked with cartridge pouches, sapper shovels, gas masks, and many had duffel bags. The fact that the soldiers, marching along Red Square, were preparing for battle is evidenced by a misunderstanding that occurred at the end of the parade. After the solemn passage, two KV tanks turned and went back. This was an exceptional, unprecedented case. It turned out that the tankers at the parade acted as if in a combat situation, having received a radio signal that a tank had stalled at the entrance to Red Square and required help, they, according to instructions, went to help it. According to the memoirs of the military commandant of Moscow, Major General K.R. Sinilova: “If the crews had only prepared for the parade and thought only about it, they would not have done this. But people were at the parade, and were thinking about the battle... At first they wanted to punish them severely, but when everything became clear, it turned out that there was nothing to punish for... "; Military parade in Moscow on Red Square on November 7, 1941, an address to the people via radio by the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the USSR, head of government I.V. Stalin convincingly showed the whole world that Moscow stands, and what’s more, challenges the enemy.

In parallel with Moscow, a parade and a festive demonstration with the participation of government members took place in Kuibyshev. Kuibyshev was one of three cities in the USSR where such parades and demonstrations took place. The parade of troops of the Kuibyshev garrison was hosted here by K.E. Voroshilov, M.I. Kalinin, officials of the diplomatic corps, the British military mission led by Lieutenant General McFarlane, military attaches, and correspondents of the foreign military press were present. The first to enter the square was the combined commanding regiment, followed by the columns of the Kuibyshev Military Medical Academy. The infantry was replaced by sailors, cavalrymen, mortarmen, motorized units, an air defense detachment, mechanical artillery... The ceremonial march of the units lasted more than two hours. As the Pravda newspaper wrote on November 8, 1941, “at the moment when the first columns of workers entered the square, red star planes appeared in the sky... Workers of old and new factories are marching. At a demonstration in this year More enterprises are represented than in the past... The people of the Volga region are coming - indigenous Rus'.

On this same day, in 1941, the largest disaster in terms of the number of victims occurred on the Black Sea. On this day, as a result of a German air raid, the motor ship "Armenia" sank near Yalta. There were about 7 thousand passengers on board the ship - the entire staff of four naval Sevastopol and Yalta hospitals. Only eight people survived, who were picked up by the patrol boat accompanying the Armenia. The ship is called one of the largest mass graves times of the Great Patriotic War.

On November 7, 1946, the country's first coin-operated television, the Tradio-Vision, appeared in New York. Payment for viewing the program was accepted in 25-cent coins.

On November 7, 1967, for the first time, thanks to the Orbit system, residents of Siberia, the Urals and Far East, as well as many foreign countries. For the first time, a color broadcast was carried out from Red Square.

On this day in 1970, the wonderful vocal and instrumental ensemble “Ariel” was born. The team, as they say, was conceived in the Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Hospital three years earlier and was initially called “Allegro”. In the fall of 1970, the talented composer Valery Yarushin and several other musicians joined the group, after which it was decided to change the name to “Ariel”. From that moment the history of the team began. Successfully combining folk and rock in his work, “Ariel” created many hits that captivated listeners. Suffice it to name such songs as “On Buyan Island”, “Silence” and, of course, “Old Record”...

On November 7, 1982, one of the first computers (which became especially popular in the USSR in the 80s) ZX Spectrum 16K went on sale. in 1982, such monsters of the computer industry as IBM shuddered - the ZX Spectrum 16K and ZX Spectrum 48K appeared on the market. 300,000 of them were sold in a year. 1983. Clive's success knows no bounds: sales of ZX81 computers reach 12,000 units per week! They differ from competing computers in their portability, low price (about $150) and ease of use. He is knighted “for his achievements in the field high technology" and for attracting large amounts of investment into British industry. His Spectrums are sold out all over the world. But Sir Clive, blinded by success, does not see that the future lies in something more serious than gaming computers, cars. And when the battle with Gates is already lost, he suddenly switches all of his company’s power to environmentally friendly transport. The following is the list of Sinclair’s inventions: C5, the first electric car. Complete failure with sales. Zike, the first electric bicycle. The company is on the verge of bankruptcy. Sinclair X1 Button Radio, the first microscopic radio receiver. Sinclair's company goes bankrupt and is reduced to one person - himself. Then Sir Clive goes into permanent retirement. Today he teaches mathematics at several British universities and enjoys poker and poetry.

On November 7, 1990, an attempt was made on the life of USSR President Mikhail Gorbachev on Red Square during a festive demonstration. The terrorist, a resident of Leningrad, a mechanic at the Izhora plant, Alexander Shmonov, fired two shots from a sawn-off hunting rifle towards the podium where the state leaders were sitting. The note found on the criminal during the search stated: “Ladies and gentlemen! I ask you to kill the leaders of the USSR (that is, M.S. Gorbachev and other members and candidates for members of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee), who were not elected by the people by direct and popular vote with free nomination of candidates. I believe that to eliminate greater violence, small violence can be used. By great violence, I mean that the leaders of the USSR over 72 years killed more than 50 million innocent citizens and kept USSR citizens under restrictions, that is, they limited their freedom, and therefore the standard of living of USSR citizens was significantly lower than if there would be no restrictions on freedom. By small violence I mean systematic terrorist activity...” A forensic psychiatric examination found Shmonov mentally ill, he was released from criminal liability and sent for compulsory treatment to a psychiatric hospital with strict supervision. On July 7, 1995, by decision of the medical commission, Shmonov was released. Shmonov spoke about the motives for his action five years after it was committed: “Why did I decide to do this? I considered Gorbachev guilty of the murders of civilians on April 9, 1989 in Tbilisi and January 20, 1990 in Baku.” Shmonov said the following about the reason for the failure: “Apparently, I aimed for too long - probably two seconds. The sergeant managed to run up to me, he hit the gun, and the barrels went up. The first bullet passed over the Mausoleum. Other guards ran up to the sergeant, turned the gun in the opposite direction from the Mausoleum, so that the second bullet hit the wall of the GUM... I loaded the gun with two bullets: the right barrel with a Poleva bullet, and the left barrel with a Sputnik bullet. I shot well. In the army, from a hundred meters he hit the “nine”, the diameter of which is only fifteen centimeters. And on Red Square I shot from forty-seven meters and aimed at the head. So I had a chance... Of course, I had to aim faster... The demonstrators, of course, didn’t bother me, but the sergeant got ahead of me...”

On this day in 1996, Russian citizens, in accordance with the decree of President Boris Yeltsin, instead of celebrating the anniversary of the October Revolution, celebrated the Day of Harmony and Reconciliation for the first time. It must be said that in the early 90s, Yeltsin was much more radical: he called the communists nothing more than “red-browns” and hatched plans to throw out “Lenin’s mummy” from the mausoleum. By 1996, it became clear that parting with valuables Soviet era the majority of the Russian population is not ready. However, Yeltsin did not follow the path of the French, for whom the main thing remains the revolutionary holiday - Bastille Day (July 14). That's why new holiday was intended to symbolize the unity of all political movements and social strata Russian society. The day of November 7 remained a day off, and although there is a rest on November 8 (which is what we are used to soviet people) the new government did not allow it, many still celebrate this day with feasts - unlike June 12 (Russian Independence Day) and December 12 (Constitution Day).

While Moscow was once again trying to rewrite history, it took to the skies from Cape Canaveral in Florida spaceship Global Surveyor, heading for Mars.