PM description of details. The purpose of the PM, its combat properties, weight and linear data. Incomplete disassembly of PM

The Makarov pistol

One of the first serial PMs produced in 1949, the distinctive features of which are figured frames, a protrusion on the right side of the trigger guard and magazines with an oblique protrusion for turning off the bolt stop.

PM pistol manufactured in 1977

History of the creation of PM

The pistol, designed by Nikolai Fedorovich Makarov, was adopted into service to replace the TT, which did not meet the new army requirements for personal short-barreled weapons. During the Second World War, soldiers and officers of the Red Army gained enormous experience combat use personal short-barreled weapons, both domestic and captured, of a variety of designs and manufacturers. The advantages, disadvantages and various features most combat pistols of that time. Including, clashes at short and extremely short distances, close battles in urban conditions showed the insufficient stopping effect of the bullet of the cartridge used in standard TT pistols, compared to the more effective 9 mm cartridges of the German Parabellums and Walters, as well as several significant shortcomings of the cartridge itself weapons. For example, the TT did not provide a sufficient degree of safety in handling due to the lack of a safety mechanism, in addition to the safety cocking of the hammer, which did not allow one to safely carry a pistol in full combat readiness at all times. TT also had enough longer length.

Its simple trigger mechanism worked only in single-action mode, while the best German captured pistols had a double-action trigger, which allowed the pistol to be safely carried with a cartridge previously chambered, and the owner of the weapon could instantly open fire. The need to develop and adopt a more advanced type of personal weapon that meets all the requirements of that time became obvious. And, in fact, officers preferred to go into battle not with a pistol, but with a much more effective submachine gun, using the service TT or captured Walter only when absolutely necessary, if the more effective weapon failed or simply ran out of cartridges. So, even during the war, it was decided to replace the Tokarev pistol with a modern model with higher combat and performance qualities. As a result, not only the requirements for personal weapons were revised, but also the overall concept of their use in the field army.

The new pistol was supposed to have smaller dimensions and weight, a trigger mechanism that allowed opening fire without first cocking the hammer, greater stopping power of the bullet, greater safety in handling and high reliability in difficult operating conditions. An experimental Makarov pistol was developed at the Tula TsKB-14 (later renamed TsKIB SOO) under the designation TKB-429, which exactly met the above requirements. At the beginning of the search the best option and the early stage of development work, Makarov designed two versions of his pistol. One was chambered for the 7.65mm Browning cartridge, which gave the advantage of smaller dimensions and weight of the weapon, the other was chambered for the more powerful domestic 9x18. The 9x18 cartridge was created by engineer Semin before the start of the war. Its prototype was the German 9mm Ultra, developed by the German company GECO, however, having the same sleeve length, these cartridges are not interchangeable, since the bullet diameter of the domestic cartridge is 9.2 mm. In terms of energy and bullet speed, the 9×18 (official designation 57-N-181) occupies a niche between 9mm Short and 9mm Parabellum, having a greater stopping effect of the bullet than the first and at the same time the possibility of use in blowback weapons, in comparison with second. The new Russian 9 mm cartridge was shorter than the standard 7.62x25, with a lower muzzle velocity and bullet energy, and less penetrating effect. However, due to the larger caliber, it not only had no less stopping power than the more powerful 7.62 mm cartridge, but even surpassed it in this quality. As a result, the choice was made in favor of the more effective 9 mm cartridge.

Makarov worked day and night to create his pistol. According to the designer’s recollections: “Suffice it to say that at that time I worked every day, practically without days off, from eight o’clock in the morning until two or three o’clock in the morning, as a result of which I modified and shot samples two or even three times more than my competitors, which, of course, made it possible to perfect reliability and survivability.” By choosing an automatic operation scheme using recoil energy with a free shutter, the designer made the weapon small-sized, relatively light, very reliable in operation, easy to maintain and inexpensive to manufacture. In general, the general layout and design of the components and mechanisms of the weapon were based on the solutions used in the German Walther PP, but at the same time Makarov significantly improved them in several areas: simplification of both the design itself and the handling and maintenance of the pistol; multifunctionality of parts; increasing operational reliability in extreme conditions operation; increasing the strength of parts and service life; increasing manufacturability and the pace of mass production. The recoil spring is located around the barrel, making the pistol more compact and lighter than designs that place the recoil spring under the barrel.

Makarov managed to almost completely eliminate delays in firing caused by sticking the cartridge into the feed ramp. The designer managed to achieve an ideal relationship between the height of the upper cartridge, the geometry and inclination of the chamber bevel, the shutter-casing mirror and the ejector design. With the PM, the upper cartridge in the magazine is located very high, almost at the level of the chamber, as a result of which, with the other above-mentioned features, the cartridges are fed at a minimum angle and the risk of sticking is minimized. The same Walter PP is very “picky” about the shape of the bullet of the cartridges used due to the low location of the upper cartridge in relation to the chamber. The reliability of the PM thanks to this design has been proven not only in tests, but most importantly, in real combat operations - in Afghanistan, Chechnya, and other countries where local soldiers fought and continue to fight. The hammer-type, double-action trigger mechanism with automatic safety cocking has a much simpler and more technologically advanced design. Descent with warning. The trigger pull when shooting with a pre-cocked hammer in single action mode is 2 kg, and when shooting self-cocking - 4.5 kg. The trigger parts are much stronger, more durable, and the mechanism itself is easier to maintain than that used in the PP pistol. The bolt stop lever is located on the left side of the frame.

The design of the Makarov PM pistol

On the left surface of the bolt-casing there is a safety lever, which, when turned on, blocks the firing pin and safely releases the hammer. In the on position, the safety locks the sear and the bolt-casing, while the trigger does not touch the firing pin. The PM fuse is an original design, significantly different from the Walter PP system, and the only significant similarity is its location. Makarov designed a fuse that is turned off by moving the lever to the lower position, that is, by a natural movement of the thumb of the shooter’s hand holding the weapon, while Walter’s fuse is turned off by moving the lever up. Sights consist of a fixed front sight, made as part of the bolt-casing, and a rear sight, fixed in a dovetail-type groove with the possibility of making lateral corrections. The magazine latch is located at the bottom of the handle. The gun consists of only 32 parts.

The PM has good accuracy for a compact pistol. When shooting at 25 meters with standard 57-N-181 cartridges, the dispersion radius of the R100 is 75 mm, and at 50 meters - 160 mm. At a distance of 10 meters, the dispersion radius is only 35 mm. It is necessary to separately note one of the design features of the PM - the multifunctionality of parts. For example, a double-leaf mainspring of complex shape, in addition to its direct and main purpose, also performs the function of a hammer release spring by bending its wide feather, and the lower end of the spring is a magazine latch. Some parts, especially the fuse, have a rather complex shape. But subsequently, a change in the production method made it possible to simplify and reduce the cost technological process. As a result, Nikolai Fedorovich created a pistol, which is an independent design with a number of original solutions, much more reliable, durable, simple and has a greater service life than the Walther PP taken as a basis.

F.V. pistols took part in the competitive tests. Tokareva, I.I. Rakova, P.V. Voevodina, S.A. Korovina, A.A. Klimova, GV. Sevryugin, S.G. Simanov and A.I. Lobanov, as well as foreign systems such as Walther PP, Mauser HSc, Sauer 38H, Beretta M1934 and FN Browning model 1910/22. The standard pistol was the standard TT. The most severe test was placing the pistols in a pit filled with a slurry of sand and water. In this case, Makarov’s sample demonstrated undoubted superiority in reliability. Pistol designed by N.F. Based on the results of tests in 1948, Makarov was recognized as the best, but it was recommended to make a number of changes to the design. After some modifications, the pistol was put into service under the designation PM (Makarov Pistol) in 1951. At the same time, after all the necessary work to improve and prepare for mass production, its production was launched at the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant back in 1949.

It should be noted that during the initial period of production, work was carried out in parallel to improve and adapt the design of the pistol for mass production and to develop the most suitable technology. The plant's designers and technologists did a great job. Identified defects were eliminated, such as short service life, rapid settling of the mainspring and other shortcomings. As a result, the original version of the PM pistol underwent a number of changes, both internal and external. The experience of combat use in the army and law enforcement agencies testifies to the very high reliability and ease of use and maintenance of these weapons. Over time, shortcomings also emerged: a small stopping and penetrating effect of the bullet; small magazine capacity; a narrow handle, with a small angle of inclination like that of the TT - 102°, which does not provide full contact with the palm. Shooters with a low level of training or without regular training shooting with PM demonstrate no high accuracy, since you need to get used to its handle and somewhat peculiar “grip”.

When shooting from a PM, especially when the bluing is erased, in side light the reflection on the front sight is perceived as the absence of its side part. As a result, the shooter turns the weapon in the direction of the light and the bullets fall away from the center. The presence of a manually controlled safety lever, which complicates the handling of the weapon, can also be considered a disadvantage of the weapon. However, at that time, the concept of personal short-barreled peacetime weapons dominated, that is, light, compact, convenient, possessing the necessary accuracy at short shooting distances and not burdensome for everyday wear. In the event of the outbreak of hostilities, personal weapons would no longer be very serious or significant on the battlefield. Therefore, the disadvantages of the Makarov pistol were not taken seriously into account, especially in comparison with its advantages.

The very first PMs were produced in Tula in a trial batch of 20 to 30 pieces. The numbers began with “TM”, followed by numbers and the year. After this, the production of Makarov pistols was moved to Izhevsk, where in 1949 a test batch of 5,000 copies was made, with numbers starting with “TM”. The frames of pistols of early production (1949 - 1953) are distinguished by a figured front part, and the trigger guard has a protrusion on the right side of the upper edge. The side protrusion of the trigger guard, when pulled down, opened access to the trigger, making it possible to remove it. In 1949, the pistol number was stamped on the rather wide front lower end of the bolt casing. In later versions, numbers were placed on the left side of the bolt casing and frame. The slide stop at the bottom had a release lever, also called a tooth. After the last cartridge was used up, the bolt-casing was placed on the bolt stop, and at the moment the loaded magazine was attached, the lever (tooth) of the bolt stop, interacting with the inclined protrusion of the window on the left side of the magazine, released the bolt-casing, sending the cartridge into the chamber. In order to ensure greater safety in handling weapons, the lever that automatically turns off the bolt stop was subsequently abolished. Now, in order to release the bolt casing with the magazine removed or attached, you need to press the outer protrusion of the bolt stop. Such a reduction in the combat qualities of the weapon, increasing the reloading time, is, of course, a controversial decision, but justified by the practice of operation in the army. The rear wall of the base of the handle of the PM frame produced in 1949 has a flat surface and does not have a bracket for clamping the mainspring, which is held directly by the handle and screw. Since 1950, the shape of the rear surface of the base of the handle has been changed due to the fact that the fastening of the screw holding the mainspring and the cheeks of the handle was constantly weakening.

In 1950, production of the same shaped frames began, but with the base of the handle having a mount for the mainspring clamp bracket and the clamp itself. Pistols manufactured in 1949 were equipped with grip cheeks with a diamond-shaped cross notch on the back surface, the color of which could be either black or brown. Later ones have a smooth back surface, and only red-brown color with its various shades. From the second half of 1953, pistols with a modified trigger pull shape and reduced trigger free play began to be produced, as well as transitional models with a shaped frame, a bracket for clamping the mainspring, and a trigger guard that does not have a protrusion. In 1954, the configuration of the safety lever lever changed slightly. From the same year, production of a new type of frame began, with a thin front part, which is used to this day. In 1970, a reduced firing rate was adopted - from 5,000 to 2,500 rounds. In 1984, in order to ensure more convenient handling of the weapon, the number of notches on the left surface of the bolt casing was increased from ten to thirteen. Since 1988, the lever of the safety lever began to be manufactured using the method of casting in a mold and subsequent processing by milling. Around 1989 the quality of workmanship deteriorated. The shape of the bolt stop lever was gradually simplified. The hammer and trigger also began to be made using the same method. The shape of the front part of the trigger guard was changed, which in the 90s began to be made by casting. In 1993, production of pistols with a cast frame began.

One of the most important advantages of the pistol created by Nikolai Fedorovich Makarov is its reliability in the most difficult operating conditions. This quality has been proven not only in tests and during operation in the active army, but also in harsh combat conditions. The first major military conflict in which PM took part, in more or less significant quantities, was the Vietnam War. In the incredibly harsh conditions of jungle warfare South-East Asia The Makarov pistol demonstrated excellent reliability. And then in Afghanistan, with minimal maintenance and sand, the PM worked flawlessly. In the First and Second Chechen Warriors, the Makarov pistol again proved its reliability, without letting the fighters down Russian Army And Internal Troops at the right moment, when the cartridges in the machine’s magazine ran out, or it was necessary to act in close combat. Former and current officers, veterans Afghan war and two Chechen companies that had the chance to use their Makarov service pistol in battle, speak something like this: “In those conditions when both the pistol and your hands are all dirty, sometimes after long absence any maintenance of weapons, I very much doubt that then some foreign pistol would not have failed, and the PM saved the lives of many of our soldiers.” Of course, when the chamber, the bolt-casing mirror, the grooves of the frame and the bolt-casing, and the ejector spring are heavily clogged with dirt, delays sometimes occur, but most of them are caused by careless handling of the weapon and other shortcomings due to the fault of the owner.

In the early 1990s, as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union and a significant reduction in government orders for the army and law enforcement agencies, Izhmekh began producing export versions of the Makarov pistol for the civilian arms market. Such pistols were distinguished mainly by the presence of a rear sight adjustable in two planes and enlarged grip cheeks with protrusions for the thumb. By the mid-1990s. new PM variants were presented: IZH-70 chambered for 9×18 cartridge with adjustable rear sight; The IJ70-17A (IZH-70-200), whose production began in 1994, uses the 9mm Short (9×17) cartridge, and its variants IZH-70-100 (chambered 9×18) and IZH-70-300 ( under 9×17) are distinguished by magazines with a capacity of 10 rounds; in 1995, a service version of the PM, created for security structures, was released under the designation IZH-71 chambered for the 9×17 cartridge, produced in various versions, differing in magazine capacity and sighting devices.

In accordance with the Weapons Law passed in 1997, which regulated the use of firearms private security organizations, Izhmekh launched the production of PM chambered for the 9x17 (9mm Short) cartridge, the bullet energy of which was 20% less than the standard 9x18 cartridge. Such weapons are classified as service weapons. One of the latest options The PM is Baikal-442, which is a sports and training modification of the Makarov pistol chambered for 9×18. The main differences between this weapon and its prototype are the trigger guard with a front protrusion, a wider handle with a protruding diamond-shaped notch on the front and handle cheeks with side protrusions for the shooter’s thumb. Double-row magazine with 10 or 12 rounds. The handle width is 34 mm. As a separate order, it is supplied with a push-button magazine latch located under the slide stop lever and can be equipped with a laser target designator and a micrometric rear sight, adjustable in two planes.

IN Russian Federation civilians according to the Weapons Law, since the time of the Bolshevik revolution, they do not have the right to own short-barreled weapons, unlike many European countries and especially the United States, with civilized and democratic legislation, where Russian pistols are exported and can be purchased relatively freely by ordinary citizens or those with a residence permit. As a result, for the domestic market, the manufacturer of Makarov pistols and its various variants was forced to develop the following products based on the combat PM: the MP-654K air pistol of 4.5 mm caliber; gas IZH-79-8 and MP-79 chambered for 8 mm cartridge; traumatic 9 mm pistols Izh-79-9T “Makarych” and MP-79-9TM, as well as MP-80-13T chambered for .45 Rubber. Not taking into account the pneumatic pistol for sports training shooting and gas models, which have proven to be extremely ineffective for self-defense, the most popular are traumatic products that shoot rubber balls.

PM has become widespread not only in the Warsaw Pact countries, but also in many friendly Soviet Union countries, and subsequently throughout the world. Wherever the Makarov pistol was used, its highest reliability and simplicity were noted, as a result of which this weapon became very popular even in the presence of a large selection of much more modern ones and samples from leading arms companies in Europe and the USA. Makarov pistols, except Soviet army and law enforcement agencies, was in service and manufactured under license in the GDR, Bulgaria, China and Dominican Republic. After the unification of Germany, the production of PM was launched by the famous German weapons manufacturer - Simson. Despite all its advantages, by the end of the 1980s the Makarov pistol did not meet the requirements for a personal short-barreled weapon. Due to the widespread use of personal armor protection (PIB) in the armies of most countries of the world and active terrorist organizations, the weapon had to use a powerful cartridge with high penetration and stopping effect of the bullet, have a high firepower. In order to create a new, more effective pistol, design work was launched at the “Rook” competition.

A temporary measure to solve this problem was the PMM pistol (Modernized Makarov Pistol) chambered for the 9×18 PMM cartridge with a reinforced powder charge and a lightweight bullet with a steel core and a cone-shaped head. The pistol itself differs from the prototype in the simpler shape of the bolt-casing, enlarged grip cheeks with side protrusions for the thumb, as well as a larger-capacity magazine with a double-row arrangement of cartridges. Compared to the PM, the PMM pistol has higher combat qualities, which, however, are inferior to their Western counterparts. 9x18 PMM cartridges are not interchangeable with standard cartridges and cannot be used in weapons chambered for the 9x18 cartridge. Due to some confusion, problems arose with breakdowns of standard PMs. The PMM is not widely used, and the PYa pistol, which won the Rook competition, cannot yet replace the PM due to financial difficulties. As a result, at present the Makarov pistol still remains a service weapon in the army and police. However, no matter what, the Makarov pistol combines the best qualities of a compact personal short-barreled self-defense weapon. It is compact, very reliable, durable, safe, easy to use and maintain. Despite the small, by modern standards, resource, some PM pistols, mainly produced in the 1960s. With best quality production have a very large shot and at the same time function reliably.

So the Soviet “Makarovs” in shooting ranges have a fire rate of up to 40,000 rounds. Resource return spring the average is from 5000 to 7000 shots. Modern PMs, as a rule, cannot withstand more than 5000, since they, in fact, are not designed for this. Another example of reliability - one owner of an old combat PM fired only about 52,000 shots from his pistol without a single delay. With proper experience and training, the pistol demonstrates excellent accuracy, even with standard grip cheeks. For example, the author knows the following result - when shooting at a distance of 25 meters with a series of five shots, when shooting with two hands at a low tempo, with Barnaul cartridges with jacket bullets, maximum diameter the group of hits was 60 mm! Even today, with a huge assortment of the latest and highly advanced models from leading manufacturers such as Glock, Beretta, Steyr, Walther, Smith & Wesson and Sig Sauer, many people well versed in weapons choose the proven, trouble-free Makarov pistol to protect their lives.

Countless discussions have been held on the suitability of the Makarov pistol as a compact self-defense weapon. In these disputes, there are usually two dominant sides with opposing opinions. Those who consider the PM not a suitable weapon for such use, given the huge choice the latest models, cite as seriously substantiated arguments the presence on the weapons market of a huge selection of the latest models from leading manufacturers, which are ahead of the Makarov pistol not only in technical and technological terms, but also in terms of the most important qualities in this aspect of use. As a rule, pistols with polymer frames, with double-row or single-row magazines are indicated as a comparison. Note that the length of the PM is 161 mm, and the width is 30.5 mm. Here it is necessary to give a couple of examples. New ultra-thin Walther PPS for 9mm Parabellum with a single-stack magazine for 6, 7 or 8 rounds, having the same length as the PM, but only 23 mm wide! Well-proven Glock 26 of the same caliber, with a double-row magazine with a capacity of 10 or 12 rounds, with a slightly shorter length and width than the PM.

Pistols such as the above are several times superior to the PM in terms of combat and performance qualities, and they all fire the more effective, most widely used 9mm Parabellum cartridges in the world. It is impossible not to agree with such arguments, especially when you know the features of each of the given pistols. Modern models of approximately the same dimensions are much lighter, much more convenient to hold and handle than the PM, and surpass it in shooting accuracy and firepower. Proponents of the advisability of carrying a Makarov pistol for self-defense point to its high reliability in extreme operating conditions and simplicity of design. Arguments are made that it is quite possible to learn to shoot from a PM with very good accuracy if you train enough, that it is quite convenient and not burdensome to carry it secretly, and the effectiveness of the cartridges used has been proven for decades practical application in law enforcement agencies and armed forces of Russia and the former USSR.

Even now, when Russian special forces have modern pistols, many prefer the old and proven PM, despite the relatively large length and insufficient smoothness of the trigger, more weight than modern models and a slightly smaller magazine capacity. However, proponents of the PM generally agree that its cartridge is only effective if the enemy does not use personal protective equipment. After all, even inexpensive modern lightweight Kevlar body armor perfectly protects against PM shots. But here it should be clarified that employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs do not encounter an enemy using NIB, and special forces soldiers have the opportunity to choose weapons for more powerful and effective cartridge. But why today are Makarov pistols still in very stable and good demand in those countries of the world where citizens have the opportunity to choose any modern compact pistol, like those given as an example? This happens for several reasons. It should be clarified that Makarov pistols are most popular in the Baltic countries, other states that were formerly part of the USSR, as well as in Eastern Europe at all.

Many of those who purchase a Makarov pistol are former law enforcement officers and are very familiar with this weapon, having gotten used to it and having learned to shoot it well. The owner of a Makarov pistol about his weapon: “I have a German PM. Very good pistol! In terms of strength, in my opinion, it is not inferior to, and probably superior to, Izhevsk pistols from the times of the USSR. The quality of surface treatment and bluing is significantly higher than that of production from all those countries in which PM was produced. The finishing of the internal surfaces is excellent. There are no roughnesses or traces of mechanical processing. Firing accuracy is generally the same as that of most PMs.” However, the fundamental factor when purchasing a PM is not only its reliability, but also its low cost. Much more affordable price often becomes the decisive argument. At the same time, almost all leading experts in the field of personal weapons and their use, including the United States, point to an excellent combination of price and quality of the weapon itself. The Makarov pistol provides the buyer with excellent qualities of a compact personal weapon at a very affordable price.

For this reason, PM is also bought in countries Western Europe and in the USA, where the level of well-being of the population is higher, and people have the opportunity to purchase much more modern, but also more expensive weapons. Don’t forget about the huge selection of pistols in the USA. A resident of California about the popularity of PM: “Makarov is respected in America. I can judge because they don’t linger in our stores; they are quickly bought up, despite the availability of almost anything. I don’t know how it is in other states, it will only appear in our store, after 2-3 days it’s already taken away. In general, there is an opinion here that Russian weapons- reliable." In addition, the owner of the PM about his pistol: “Of course, I got used to the PM for about two months until I shot it. But now I wear it every day. In the city, that's it. Small, 8 rounds in the magazine and one in the chamber, and most importantly, reliable. I'm not afraid that there will be problems with him. Psychologically, it is very important to carry a weapon that you trust.” The Makarov pistol, or as it is now called in the USA - Russian Mak, together with the Kalashnikov assault rifle in the West are the standard of reliable, functional, unpretentious, practical and effective weapons.

Fire training

PURPOSE, TACTICAL - TECHNICAL
CHARACTERISTICS (TTX), DEVICE AND
OPERATING PRINCIPLE 9 mm. PISTOL
MAKAROVA.

Purpose of the lesson:

1. Study the purpose, combat properties and
9 mm PM devices.
2. Study by personnel
material part of the pistol. Be able to
store and handle it correctly
him.
3. Educate personnel
confidence in your weapon and careful
attitude towards personal weapons.

LITERATURE:

1. Ave. Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 1030 – dated 13.11. 2012 "About
approval of the Manual on the organization of fire
training in the Department of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation."
2. Instructions on shooting business Moscow - 85
3. Soviet weapon. Bolotin D.N.
4. Combat training employees of the Moscow Department of Internal Affairs - 91.
5. Fire training technique. Voenizdat. 1962 – M.
6. Manual for training small arms and
visual aids. Voenizdat. 1979 – M.
7. Educational and methodological manual"9mm Pistol
Makarova", Moscow, 2005
8. Educational and methodological manual "Fire training
private and junior commanding officers of the Department of Internal Affairs",
Moscow, 2005

QUESTIONS:

1. General information about the Makarov pistol.
2. Purpose and combat properties of the 9 mm PM.
3. Weight and linear PM data.
4. General device PM.
5. Main parts of PM. Purpose and design of PM parts.
6. Accessory to the pistol.
7. The device of the cartridge.
8. The procedure for partial disassembly and assembly of the pistol.
9. The procedure for complete disassembly and assembly of the PM.
10.Cleaning and lubricating the gun.
11. Position of parts and mechanisms before loading.
12. Operation of pistol parts and mechanisms.
13. Delays when firing a pistol and ways to eliminate them.

General information about the Makarov pistol

Modified Makarov Pistol (PMM).

Purpose and combat properties of PM

9 mm. Makarov pistol is
personal weapons of attack and defense,
designed to defeat the enemy
over short distances.
- pistol fire is most effective at
distance 50 meters;
- lethal force is maintained up to 350 m
- pistol combat rate of fire 30 rpm
- initial bullet speed – 315 m/s
- magazine capacity – 8 rounds

Weight and linear data of the Makarov pistol.

- weight of the pistol with magazine without cartridges – 730 g.
- weight of the pistol with a magazine loaded with 8 rounds
– 810 gr.
- gun length – 161 mm.
- pistol height - 126.75 mm.
- barrel length – 93 mm.
- the length of the rifled part of the barrel bore is 85 mm.
- barrel caliber – 9 mm.
- number of grooves - 4
- cartridge weight – 10 g.
- bullet weight - 6.1 g.
- cartridge length – 25 mm.
- sleeve length – 18 mm.
- initial bullet speed - 315 m/s

General device of the PM.

The pistol is simple in design and handling, small in size
its own size, comfortable to wear and always ready for
action.
The pistol is a self-loading weapon, because reloading it
during shooting is carried out automatically.
The automatic operation of the pistol is based on
use, blowback recoil. Shutter with
the barrel has no clutch. Locking reliability
bore when fired, a large
the mass of the shutter and the force of the return spring.
Thanks to the presence of a trigger-type self-cocking trigger mechanism in the pistol, you can quickly
open fire directly by pressing the tail
trigger without pre-cocking
trigger
Safe handling of the pistol is ensured
reliably functioning fuse.

Operating principle of PM automation

The bolt is held in its forward position by a spring.
When fired, the recoil energy throws it back unhindered
back. Possessing significantly more mass than a bullet, the bolt
moves much slower than her. Therefore, long before
as soon as the cartridge case leaves the chamber, the bullet will have time to leave the barrel and
the pressure in the barrel decreases very sharply. To original position
the shutter returns under the action of the return spring.

Main parts of PM. Purpose and design of PM parts.

1. Frame with barrel and
trigger guard
2. Shutter with sighting
device,
drummer,
ejector,
fuse
3. Return spring
4. Trigger
mechanism
5. Shutter stop
6. Handle with screw
7. Store

Frame with barrel and trigger guard

The barrel serves to direct the flight of the bullet. Inside the barrel has a channel with four
rifling, which gives the bullet a rotational movement around its axis.
The spaces between the cuts are called margins. Distance between
the opposite fields (by diameter) determine the caliber of the bore. IN
the breech (rear) part of the barrel is smooth and has a larger diameter: this part
serves to place a cartridge and is called a chamber.
The barrel is connected to the frame with a press fit and secured with a pin.
The frame serves to connect all parts of the gun. Frame with base
the handles form a single unit.
The base of the handle serves to attach the handle, the mainspring and for
store premises.
The trigger guard serves to protect the trigger from accidental
clicks. It has a ridge at the front end that limits the shutter stroke when
moving backwards.

Gate

serves to feed a cartridge from the magazine into the chamber, locking
(where its name comes from) the barrel bore when
shot, holding spent cartridge case(removing the cartridge from
chamber, if the shot was not fired) and setting the trigger
to a combat platoon.

Drummer

serves to break the capsule.
It has: in the front part - a firing pin; in the back - a cut for
fuse that keeps the firing pin from
falling out of the shutter channel. The drummer has
triangular shape to reduce its weight and
reducing rubbing surfaces.

Ejector
serves for
case retention
(cartridge) in a cup
shutter until we meet
reflector.
Fuse
serves for
provision
security
handling
with a pistol.

Return spring

serves to return the shutter to the front
position after firing (reloading).

Handle with screw

covers the sides
windows and back wall
handle base and
serves for convenience
holding a gun
in hand.

Shutter lag

serves to hold the shutter in the rear position
all the cartridges in the magazine have been used up. She has:
in the upper part there is a protrusion to hold the shutter in
rear position; knurled button for
release the shutter by pressing it hard
finger; in the back there is a hole for connecting to
whispered with the left pin; in the upper part there is a reflector
to reflect the cartridge case (cartridge) outward through the window
shutter Front slide stop
is inserted into the cutout in the left wall of the frame.

Shop

serves to accommodate eight
cartridges. It consists of a body,
feeder, feeder spring and
covers.
The magazine body connects everything
parts of the store.
The feeder is used to feed
cartridges along the magazine body. He
has two bent ends that
guide the movement of the feeder along
store body. On one of
bent ends of the feeder on the left
side there is a tooth for inclusion
shutter stop by
expending all cartridges from
store.
The magazine cover is used for
holding the feeder and its spring
from falling down.
The feeder spring is used to
feeding upward feeder with cartridges
when shooting. Lower end of the spring
bent and used for locking
store covers.

Trigger mechanism

serves for
production
shot and
comprises
trigger, whispered
with spring,
trigger pull with
cocking lever,
trigger
hook, combat
springs and
valves
combat
springs.

The trigger is used for
striking
drummer
Trigger rod with cocking lever
serves to release the trigger from the combat
cocking and cocking
self-cocking when pressing
trigger.
The sear is used for
hold the trigger on
combat or
safety
platoon.
The trigger is used to
releasing the trigger and
cocking the hammer when firing
self-cocking.

Action spring

serves to bring to
action of trigger, lever
cocking and trigger rod.
It has: wide feather
to bring into
trigger action; narrow
pen to influence
cocking lever and trigger
cravings; hole for
putting the spring on
boss with threaded
base hole
handles. Bottom end
mainspring is
magazine latch.
The mainspring is attached
on the base of the handle
valve

Pistol accessory.

The holster is used to carry and store a pistol,
spare magazine and cleaning. The holster consists of
housing, cover, pocket for spare magazine
wear loops, clasps, cleaning loops and
internal auxiliary strap.
II washer is used for disassembly, assembly, cleaning
and gun lubrication. It has: at one end a protrusion for removing and installing the spring hook
whispered and for recessing the oppression during separation
ejector; a slot for threading rags or
tow when cleaning the barrel; on the other there is a ring for
holding the wipe while cleaning. The ring has
blade for unscrewing (screwing in) screws
handles.
Pistol strap provides secure fit
pistol to the waist (trouser) belt. He has
carabiner for connecting to the handle swivel
pistol and a belt loop.

Chuck device

1- shell
2 - bullet
3 - powder charge
4 - sleeve
5 - capsule
6 - lead
shirt
7 - steel
core.

The sleeve serves to place the powder charge and
connections of all parts of the cartridge At the bottom of the cartridge case there are:
capsule socket; the anvil on which the striker
the capsule breaks; two seed holes,
through which the flame from the percussion composition of the primer
penetrates the powder charge. Outside at the bottom of the sleeve
there is a ring groove for hooking
ejector
The capsule consists of a brass cap with
impact composition pressed into it and foil
mug covering the strike composition. On impact
striker, the impact composition ignites.
The bullet consists of a bimetallic (clad)
shell into which a steel core is pressed.
Between the shell and the core there is a lead
shirt.

9 mm types. cartridges

Marking
cartridge
9x18 pistol cartridge,
with a bullet with steel
core, conditional
designation 9Pst gzh
9x18 pistol cartridge, with
expansive bullet,
designation SP-8 (PE).
Cartridge 9x18
pistol, with
tracer bullet,
designation PT
9x18 pistol cartridge, with
high bullet
penetration

The procedure for partial disassembly and assembly of the pistol.

Incomplete disassembly pistol is produced for
cleaning, lubricating and inspecting the gun.
When disassembling and assembling the pistol, it is necessary
comply with the following rules:
disassembly and reassembly of the pistol should be carried out
table or bench, and in the field on a clean
litter;
parts and mechanisms should be placed in the order of disassembly,
handle them carefully, avoid unnecessary
efforts and sharp blows;
When assembling, pay attention to the numbering of parts,
so as not to scare them with parts of other pistols.

Incomplete disassembly.mpg

Partial disassembly of the pistol is carried out in the following order

1. Remove the magazine from
handle base
Check if there is
cartridge chamber, for
what to turn off
fuse
(release the flag down),
drive with your left hand
shutter to the rear
position, put
him on the bolt
delay and inspect
chamber. By pressing
right thumb
hands on the bolt
release the delay
gate.

2. Separate the shutter from the frame. Taking
pistol in right hand
pull the handle with your left hand
trigger guard down and skewed
it to the left, rest it against the frame so,
to keep her in it
position With further
disassembly keep in it
position With further
disassembly hold her in
given position
index finger of the right hand.
Separate the shutter from the frame and
put the trigger guard on your
place.
3. Remove the return from the barrel
spring. Holding the frame with your right
hand on the handle and turning
return spring towards you left
hand, remove it from the barrel.
Assembling the pistol after incomplete
disassembly should be done in
in reverse order.

The procedure for completely disassembling the pistol.

Complete disassembly is carried out for
cleaning when heavily soiled
pistol, after being under
rain or snow, when moving to
new lubricant, as well as during repairs.
Frequent complete disassembly of the pistol
not allowed as it speeds up
wear of parts and mechanisms.

Full
disassembly.mpg

1. Produce incomplete
disassembling the pistol.
2. Separate the sear and
shutter delay from
framework.
3. Separate the handle from
handle base

4. Separate the combat
spring from the frame.
5. Separate the trigger from
framework.
6. Separate the trigger
rod with cocking lever
from the frame.
7. Separate the trigger
frame hook.

8. Separate the fuse
and the bolt striker.
9. Separate the ejector
from the shutter.
10. Disassemble the store.
Assembly should be carried out in
in reverse order.

Cleaning and lubricating the gun

The gun is cleaned:
- in preparation for shooting;
- after firing live and blank
cartridges;
- after exercises, assignments and training in the field without
shooting - immediately upon completion;
- in a combat situation, during maneuvers or
long exercises in the field - daily;
- if the pistol is not in use, do not
less than once every 7 days.

To clean and lubricate the gun, use:

- liquid gun lubricant - for cleaning the gun and
lubrication of its parts and mechanisms during
air temperature from +5 to -50 C;
- gun grease – for lubricating the barrel bore,
parts and mechanisms of the gun after cleaning them with
air temperature +5 C above;
- RChS solution (barrel cleaning solution) – for cleaning
bore and other parts of the pistol,
exposed to powder gases;
- rags or KV-22 paper – for wiping, cleaning and
gun lubrication;
- tow (short flax fiber) – for cleaning only
barrel channel.
To make it easier to clean grooves, cutouts and holes, you can
use wooden sticks.

How to Clean the Gun

Prepare cleaning material
lubricate the tool.
Disassemble the gun
Clean the bore
Clean the pistol frame with barrel and
trigger guard.
Clean the bolt, return spring,
bolt stop and parts of the trigger mechanism.
Wipe the handle.
Clean out the store.
Wipe down the wiper and holster.

The position of the parts and mechanisms of the pistol before loading.

SHUTTER - under the action of the return spring in the extreme forward position, cup
The bolt rests against the breech section of the barrel. As a result, the barrel is locked
free shutter. The longitudinal protrusions of the shutter fit into the grooves available in
back of the frame.
TRIGGER - by the action of the wide feather of the mainspring, it is lowered and rests against the front
flat into the fuse protrusion so that it cannot move forward.
SEAR - the shelf of the ledge on the fuse axis is raised up and held in
in such a position that between the trigger safety cock and the spout
There is a small gap in the sear.
TRIGGER ROD WITH COCKING LEVER - under the action of a narrow mainspring feather
retracted to the rearmost position; the cocking lever is recessed into the frame and its protrusion
The self-cocking mechanism is engaged with the self-cocking tooth of the trigger so that when you press the tail
The trigger is not cocked, but has some free play back.
SAFETY BOX - is in the “safety” position. Wherein
the fuse protrusion is lowered down and comes into contact with the front plane of the trigger;
the shelf of the ledge on the fuse axis fits into the trigger recess, resting against its protrusion,
locking the hammer in the “safety” position so that it cannot be cocked,
the fuse rib extends beyond the left protrusion of the frame and locks the bolt with the frame.
MAGAZINE - inserted into the base of the handle. The feeder is at the top and rests
into the bolt comb. The feed tooth presses on the bolt stop.

Operation of pistol parts and mechanisms.

The operation of pistol parts and mechanisms when fired.
To fire a shot, you must turn off
safety, cock the hammer and press the tail with your finger
trigger. When you press your finger on the tail of the trigger
hook, the trigger rod moves forward, and the cocking lever,
connected to the rear end of the trigger rod, turning
on the rear pin of the trigger rod and rises until
will not rest its cutout against the protrusion of the sear; then the lever
platoon lifts the sear and uncouples it from the combat
cocking the trigger.
The trigger is released from the sear and under the influence of a wide
the mainspring feather turns sharply forward on the axles
and hits the striker.
The drummer energetically moves forward and strikes
cartridge primer, a shot occurs.
The pressure of the formed gases causes the bullet to be ejected from
bore; at the same time, the gases press on the walls and bottom of the sleeve.
The cartridge case is pressed tightly against the walls of the chamber.
The gas pressure at the bottom of the sleeve is transferred to the bolt, due to
why is he moving backwards?

..\..\PM.exe

Operation of parts and mechanisms after a shot

The shutter against the pressure of powder gases on the bottom of the cartridge case
moves back along with the sleeve. At the beginning of the movement
back the shutter with its protrusion moves the disconnecting
cocking protrusion to the right, thereby disengaging it from
whispered.
Released sear under the action of a spring
presses against the trigger; when the trigger turns back
to failure, the nose of the sear jumps behind the combat
cocking the trigger and holding it subsequent
shot.
As the shutter moves further back
the release protrusion of the cocking lever slides along
shutter groove; ejector-held sleeve
in the shutter cup, hits the reflector and
is thrown out through a window in the shutter wall.

The operation of the parts and mechanisms of the pistol when firing by self-cocking.

If shooting is carried out without
pre-cocking
trigger, then when pressing
trigger tail
the hammer is cocked
automatically. Wherein
cocking lever, entering
hooking with its protrusion
self-cocking with tooth
self-cocking trigger, cocks
trigger Trigger without standing on
combat platoon (since
whispered at the moment of breakdown
appears elevated in
upper position with ledge
cocking lever), breaks off
lever self-cocking protrusion
platoon and hits
to the drummer, it's happening
shot.

The operation of the parts and mechanisms of the pistol to consume cartridges from the magazine.

After using up all the cartridges from
store feeder with his tooth
raises the front end of the bolt
delays up the shutter resting against your tooth
into the bolt stop protrusion,
stops in the rear position. Trigger
put on alert.
The feeder spring has the smallest
compression. The shutter remains in the rear position
also after removing the magazine from
the base of the pistol grip, holding
on the shutter stop.

Delays when firing a pistol and how to eliminate them

Delays
Reasons for delays
Ways to eliminate delays
1. Misfire. Shutter at the farthest front
position,
the trigger is pulled,
But
there was no shot
1. The cartridge primer is faulty.
2. Grease thickening or channel contamination
under the drummer.
3. The handle screw is not fully screwed in (in
pistols without a combat bolt
springs).
4. The output of the striker or nick is small
striker

2. Inspect and clean the gun.
3. Screw in the handle screw until it stops.
4. Send the gun to the workshop
2. Failure to cover the cartridge with the bolt. Gate
stopped before reaching the extreme
forward position; trigger release
cannot be produced.
1. Contamination of the chamber, frame grooves and
shutter cups.
2. movement of the ejector is difficult
because of
pollution
springs
ejector or oppressor
Push the bolt forward with a push of your hand and continue
shooting. Inspect and clean the gun
3. Failure to feed or advance the cartridge from
magazine into the chamber
1. contamination of the store and mobile
pistol parts.
2. Curvature of the upper edges of the case
store
1. Reload the pistol and continue shooting.
Clean the gun and magazine.
2. Replace the faulty magazine
4. Seizing (pinching) of the cartridge case by the bolt.
The cartridge case is not thrown out through
the window is shuttered and wedged between
bolt and breech section of the barrel
1. Contamination of the moving parts of the gun
2. Malfunction of the ejector, it
spring or reflector
1. Discard the stuck cartridge case and continue
shooting.
2. If the ejector with a spring malfunctions
or reflector send the gun to
workshop
5. Automatic shooting
1. Thickening of grease or contamination of parts
trigger mechanism.
2. Wear of the hammer or spout
whispered.
3. The sear spring is weakened or broken.
4. Touching the shelf of the fuse ledge
whispered tooth
1. inspect and clean the gun
2. Send the gun to the workshop.

The table above shows the data of a standard PM pistol when using general purpose cartridges with a steel or lead core

Makarov pistol (PM)

In the territory of the former USSR, almost every man is familiar with the appearance of a Makarov pistol. It is not surprising, because there is not a single pistol more common in the post-Soviet space than the PM.

The pistol was finally developed in 1948, and from 1951 began to fill both the army and law enforcement agencies, replacing the heavy and hefty TT pistols, which, moreover, were very unreliable and did not provide sufficient stopping power due to high speed bullets and a relatively small caliber. Bullets from a TT pistol simply pierced the enemy, who sometimes did not even notice it right away and managed to commit unwanted actions (for example, shoot back). Also, the TT pistol was deprived of the ability to fire self-cocking; before the first shot, it was necessary to cock the hammer manually.

The Makarov pistol has become widespread among illegal armed groups and among ordinary bandits. Nowadays, this weapon is mainly used by police officers and the same bandits.

Nikolai Fedorovich Makarov

Initially, back in the forties of the last century, the PM was developed for the 9x18 cartridge, but this was not the case, the basis was the German 9x18 “Ultra” cartridge. This cartridge was a less powerful ammunition than required, and domestic weapons designers began to create a new pistol cartridge, which was supposed to be as powerful as possible for use in a pistol with a free cartridge. This cartridge became Soviet cartridge 9x18, and the most common pistol for this cartridge subsequently became the Makarov pistol. The German 9x18 "Ultra" cartridge was not a copy of the domestic 9x18 cartridge; it could not be loaded into the PM due to the slightly larger nominal caliber of the Makarov pistol.

A prototype of a 1947 Makarov system pistol

Makarov pistol, experimental model 1949

Makarov system pistol produced in the 70s, the same thing is in service with domestic law enforcement and the army. The hammer is cocked

Makarov pistol and 8-round magazine

The development of the pistol was completed by Nikolai Fedorovich Makarov in 1948, and in 1949 it was submitted to the competition prototype chambered for the new Soviet 9x18 mm cartridge, which in all respects was recognized as the best among the pistols submitted to the competition in all respects. After minor modifications, this pistol was put into service with the Soviet Army and police in 1951. The pistol allows you to fire in semi-automatic mode, that is, for each next shot you must pull the trigger. The main advantages of PM are its widespread use and reliability of operation.

Makarov pistol diagram

The trigger mechanism of the Makarov system pistol is double action, that is, before the first shot you can cock the hammer manually and shoot with a softer trigger and with a very short trigger stroke, which will make the hit accuracy much higher. After this shot, the automatic pistol will cock the hammer with each subsequent shot by rolling back the bolt casing, so each subsequent shot, or rather the force of pressing the trigger and the stroke of the hook, will be the same.

If you shoot by self-cocking, if the cartridge is already in the chamber, you need to pull the trigger, but the trigger stroke will be longer and more difficult. After all, during self-cocking, by using the force of your index finger on the trigger, it is necessary to cock the hammer, compressing the mainspring, after which, having reached the extreme point, the hammer will break and hit the firing pin.

Therefore, such a trigger mechanism is called self-cocking, double-action (either we cock the trigger manually, or by pressing the trigger, using physical force.)

The self-cocking system allows you to cock the mainspring by pressing the trigger, pull the hammer back and fire, under the influence of one finger press on the trigger.

In other words, this means that if the cartridge is in the chamber, you can fire immediately without unnecessary manipulations. Just don’t forget about the safety, which must be turned off by moving the safety flag from top to bottom, if, of course, the weapon is on safety (according to the rules for handling weapons and according to all service instructions, with the exception of certain cases, there should not be a cartridge in the chamber and the weapon should be on fuse).

Automatic operation is based on a free shutter. In more detail it looks like this. By pressing the trigger, we release the spring-loaded hammer (if it is already cocked), which hits the firing pin, and the firing pin, in turn, hits the igniter primer of the cartridge. Next, a shot occurs, the powder gases between the bullet and the cartridge case press in both directions, the bullet moves forward along the barrel, and the cartridge case, under the influence of these gases, begins to move the bolt back, which is held back by the return spring on the reverse side. Overcoming the resistance of the spring, the bolt frame begins to move backward (the bullet has already left the barrel). The ejector, located on the bolt frame near the extraction window, hooks the cartridge case into the groove and, through a reflector, ejects the cartridge case from the pistol, freeing up space in the chamber for a new cartridge. The bolt frame, having reached the rearmost point, cocks the hammer, after which, under the influence of the return spring, the bolt casing begins to move forward, simultaneously driving a new cartridge from the magazine into the chamber and locking it. Now the weapon is ready for a new shot, the hammer is cocked, the cartridge is in the chamber.

Scheme of automatic pistol operation based on blowback recoil This scheme is good for pistols using low-power cartridges, but in the case of more powerful ammunition, other automatic operation schemes are usually used. The reason for this approach is the blowback shutter. With a powerful cartridge, such a system may fail.

Comrade Makarov is quite often, and very wrongly, accused of licking his pistol from Walter RR/RRK. The incomplete disassembly scheme is similar, this is a fact, appearance also very similar.

Walther RRK/S, the most natural, not pneumatic or traumatic, although licensed, made in the USA. Caliber 9 mm, pistol works with cartridge 380 ACP (9 mm Kurz)

But differences begin inside, and fundamental ones; the design and execution of parts differ significantly. Working on the principle of blowback recoil is used on hundreds, if not thousands, of pistol models, so we will omit this point of identity between the PM and Walter RR/RRK. A return spring mounted on a barrel is also not know-how; Browning began using it in this way at the beginning of the 20th century. In general, the main feature of the Makarov pistol, which distinguishes it from most of its brothers, is the plate mainspring located along the rear wall of the handle. It performs several functions at once. Its lower part springs the magazine latch, it is, in fact, a mainspring that acts on the trigger for firing, the wide feather of the spring carried out the release of the trigger after the shot, after releasing the trigger, the narrow feather of the same spring moved the trigger rod back, which was necessary for setting trigger to safety cock. This is such a tricky spring. It is stated that it performs 7 functions. In Walter RR/RRK there was nothing even close to this. In the Makarov pistol, through many unifications, it was possible to reduce the number of parts to thirty-two pieces.

This is the same multifunctional mainspring from the Makarov pistol, located in the rear handle, parallel to the magazine On the left is an early version, which turned out to be quite weak, on the right is a later version The problem of spring weakness was solved by increasing the width (thickness) of the pen.
The PM has proven itself to be an easy-to-use and reliable melee weapon, quite comfortable to carry all the time and possessing sufficient firepower; two or three hits to the chest, or even to the limbs, will certainly stop any attacker. Although there were exceptions. To confidently use the PM, you should spend some time training, because the wide and relatively thin handle is not always comfortable for the hand normal man average build, as a result of which, without definitely having experience, the average point of impact moves away from the aiming point. To avoid this, you should put pads on the pistol grip (or make such pads yourself, adjust them to your own ergonomics, and shooting performance will increase significantly). For example, you can at least try to hold a PMM with a wider handle in your hands (or an MP-654K “Makar” pneumatic pistol, the handle of which repeats the handle of the PMM). The difference in ergonomics and ease of aiming will be obvious. Also, at the moment, you can purchase a plastic handle cover that matches the thickness and ergonomics of the PMM handle, and replace the standard PMA cover with it. Combat rate of fire is a flexible concept and is based on the principle: aim and fire. And the technical rate of fire in any case will not allow you to fully justify yourself in any self-loading pistol. This is a waste of ammunition, which is why we do not indicate the rate of fire of semi-automatic weapons here. The muzzle velocity of bullets, when using a standard 9x18 mm cartridge with an all-lead core or a steel core in a lead jacket, ranges from 300 to 330 m/s, depending on the cartridge manufacturer and many other parameters. But there are 9x18 ammunition intended for PM, and with completely different characteristics (expansive, armor-piercing, reduced penetration, increased penetration, tracer, etc.). The most significant ammunition for the PM pistol is the 9x18 PBM cartridge with a pointed thin heat-strengthened core in an aluminum jacket (piercing body armor of class 2 protection), and the regular 9x18 cartridge with both a lead and steel core. Cartridges with a bullet with a lead core are mainly used by the police, because they give less ricochets, which is a very important factor in a peaceful city.

9x18 PBM cartridge and armor-piercing bullet from it

Cartridge 9x18 PBM with armor-piercing bullet in the section.

Standard cartridge 9x18

Diagram of a standard 9x18 cartridge with a steel mushroom core

We will omit here such textbook indicators as a firing range of 350 m and an aiming range of 50 m, because all this is not applicable to this type of weapon, and most importantly - to real life, if you do not take into account thoughtful shooting at the shooting range, or professionals highest classification, or lovers of conversation enhanced by hallucinogenic substances.

Be that as it may, the Makarov pistol has established itself as a very reliable weapon, with virtually no failures due to the fault of the design. Compared to the pistols of the time when it was adopted by the Soviet Army and for about twenty years, the PM was quite compact and convenient. This is precisely what has been the factor influencing the use of PM in the police and army to this day. If desired, you can shoot quite accurately from this pistol, at least at pistol distances, from 5 to 25 meters, the PM shows itself very well if it is in the hands of a shooter with sufficient experience. Many fighters can hit the head with a PM (or a target the size of human head) offhand from a distance of 15-20 meters. The author of the article personally observed this practice.

After many complaints regarding the accuracy of the battle and the weakness of the main ammunition of the Makarov pistol, it was decided to create a more powerful pistol. For these purposes, in the 90s of the last century, a competition was announced under the code name “Rook”. The PMM pistol (Modernized Makarov Pistol), developed on the basis of the PMA during the announcement of the competition, which provided sufficient power thanks to the new cartridge, was presented at the competition.

First of all, as always happens, as part of the Rook competition, a cartridge for a new weapon was created. The new cartridge had the same basic metric parameters as the old one - 9x18 mm, but had much greater energy, almost equal to Western pistol cartridges 9x19 Parabellum. The powder load in the new cartridge was increased, the bullet with a steel core became lighter than the old one by about 0.5 grams and weighed approximately 5.5 grams. The cartridge was assigned the GRAU 7N16 index; it is often called the 9x18 high-pulse cartridge (which is quite true) and the 9x18 PMM cartridge.

High-impulse cartridge 9x18 7N16 and its bullet

Diagram of the 7N16 cartridge. On the left is the entire cartridge, in the middle is the bullet, on the right is the steel core separately

A pistol was quickly designed for this cartridge - the same old PM, distinguished by a more powerful bolt frame and increased strength of parts and mechanisms. This decision was dictated by considerations of saving material resources, since the production of PM pistols had long been mastered, and the new pistol was structurally practically no different from its predecessor. The new, more powerful pistol was called PMM (Modernized Makarov Pistol); designer Shigapov also took part in its modification.

Modernized Makarov Pistol (PMM)

The main disadvantage of this weapon is its automatic operation. If in an ordinary Makarov pistol the automation due to the recoil of the free bolt did not raise any questions, because the cartridge was relatively low-power, then in the PMM pistol the automatic operation was the same, the recoil of the free bolt, but only the cartridge there was, roughly speaking, one and a half times more powerful. With such pressures affecting the design of the pistol, such as those created by the 7N16 cartridge, in most cases, pistols use different principles of automatic operation, because a blowback bolt in a pistol justifies itself only when working with low-power cartridges. However, the PMM inherited its automatic operation from its “grandfather” - due to the recoil of the free shutter. This decision gave rise to a lot of disadvantages, the main one of which is the incomplete implementation of the cartridge’s capabilities, which leads to many negative nuances. But in order to unify production capacities with the PM pistol, the PMM pistol did not even bother to significantly lengthen the barrel and slow down the bolt rollback, which was simply necessary to do, but simply strengthened the design for more powerful ammunition. The only significant design difference of the PMM pistol is the screw grooves in the chamber, which somewhat slow down the movement bolt carrier back after the shot.

Partial disassembly of the PM pistol

Incomplete disassembly of the PMM pistol

The PMM has a double-row box magazine for 12 rounds, and can use both “native” high-pulse 7N16 cartridges and conventional 9x18 cartridges. But on the contrary, it is prohibited to shoot high-pulse 9x18 (7N16) cartridges intended for the PMM pistol from an ordinary PMA. A simple PM may not withstand the prohibitive pressures produced by the 7N16 cartridge. Suffice it to say that a standard 9x18 cartridge develops a muzzle energy of about 300 J in the barrel of a Makarov pistol, and a 7N16 cartridge in the same barrel produces about 500 J. This pressure, before the bullet leaves the barrel, is distributed to both the bolt housing and other mechanisms of the pistol. Simply put, a regular PM can simply explode from such ammunition.

However, the new pistol went to mass production, but according to some sources only in the version under old cartridge 9x18 mm, out of fears of military officials that 7N16 cartridges will be used in conventional PMs and in APS pistols (Stechkin automatic pistol), which also could not withstand the energy of the new cartridge. But in addition to the PMM pistol, the 7N16 cartridge is quite suitable for use in some domestic submachine guns, where it fully realizes its potential.

But in the “Rook” competition, the PMM was not recognized as the best for obvious reasons stated above; Yarygin’s pistol won the competition.

The effectiveness of the new pistol, of course, is incomparably higher than the effectiveness of the PM. When entering an unprotected human body, the bullet of the 7N16 cartridge causes severe damage, which is ensured, in addition to the high speed and high muzzle energy of the bullet, by its design. The tip of the bullet is flat, which makes the impact and shock effect several times higher than that of bullets from a conventional 9x18 cartridge. Also, this bullet design, in addition to the strongest stopping effect, also has high penetration ability. For example, bullets from the 7N16 cartridge have a 100% probability of piercing body armor of the 1st protection class, which, according to GOST, should easily withstand hits from bullets from a conventional 9x18 cartridge, both with a lead and a steel core. Also, PMM is quite dangerous for body armor of class 2 protection, which can withstand shots from TT cartridges 7.62x25. The masses of the bullets of the 7N16 and 7.62x25 cartridges are almost equal, and their initial velocities are also almost identical. But 9mm is still much larger than 7.62. Therefore, the impact beyond the barrier after hitting a bulletproof vest can exceed GOST standards, and penetration of a class 2 bulletproof vest made of PMM is also possible. After all, according to GOST, class 2 is tested with TT and PSM pistols; only a few manufacturers of personal protective equipment guarantee protection against bullets from PMM.

Due to the placement of a more capacious 12-round magazine, the handle of the PMM pistol has become thicker and much more comfortable. The efficiency of firing from a PMM, even with conventional 9x18 cartridges, is significantly higher, because a thicker and ergonomic handle provides higher accuracy of fire.

Tactical and technical characteristics of the PMM:

Caliber - 9 mm

Barrel length - 93.5 mm

Total length - 165 mm

Width - 34 mm

Weight with cartridges - 0.86 kg

Magazine capacity - 12 rounds

Initial bullet speed - 420 m/s

Have you heard about the Makarov pistol, but haven’t seen a photo and don’t know its technical characteristics?

Don’t know that there are sports, gas and pneumatic modifications?

A legendary pistol, the personal weapon of an officer in the USSR and the Russian Federation for half a century, one of the most famous in the world. The military characterizes it with high combat practicality and service durability.

Creation

The idea of ​​​​creating a PM was born in the first post-war years, when there was a need to replace the PP pistol and those that were in service in the army at that time.

It was necessary to create small-sized weapons for military officers and police officers.

The German Walter PP was taken as the basis. The most successful model was designed by N.F. Makarova.

Unlike the German one, the new one was significantly simplified in design, handling and maintenance. In contrast, it is more reliable. Advantages of Makarov over TT:

Operating principle

The principle of operation is based on the free movement of the bolt not engaged with the barrel.

On the left there is a safety lever, which is very conveniently lowered with the thumb of the right hand.

The Makarov pistol reloads automatically. The bolt, after the bullet leaves, moves back and cocks the hammer.

The cartridge is automatically advanced into the barrel, after which the weapon is ready for the next shot.

Main technical characteristics

The weapon is distinguished by the highest degree of reliability. The lethal force is effective at a distance of up to 350 m, the target range is 50 m. It fires singly at a speed of 30 rounds per minute.
Specifications:

• caliber 9 x 18 mm;
• gun length 160 mm;
• barrel length 93.5 mm;
• height 127 mm;
• width 30.5 mm;
• weight with cartridge magazine 810 g;
• weight without cartridges 710 g;
• magazine capacity 8 rounds;
• initial bullet speed 315 m/s;
• effective shooting – up to 50 m.

The Makarov pistol was created during the Soviet era and passed certain requirements. Unlike the military TT, it was conceived as a police vehicle.

Its bullet has a blunt end, not penetrating, but stopping. It is currently used as a training weapon.

Expert opinion:“This is a great gun to learn to shoot. If you can shoot a Makarov, you can shoot any weapon.”

Design and disassembly of the PM

The Makarov pistol consists of 14 parts:


It can be partially or completely disassembled. Partial disassembly is carried out after use, for cleaning and lubrication, or once a week. The gun is completely disassembled only in case of severe contamination or repair.

Types of PM

Since the eighties, they have been developed and released various modifications Makarov pistol.

The most serious combat modification is the PMM with expansive and armor-piercing cartridges and an enlarged magazine of 12 rounds.

In addition, there are service PMs with a weaker cartridge, sports, gas and pneumatic modifications.

The Makarov pistol has still not lost its popularity. This is an excellent weapon to use for training purposes.

High reliability, easy maintenance, low cost of the pistol itself and low cost of shooting make it popular among amateurs, athletes and owners of civilian weapons. PM 9mm technical specifications - watch in this video:

The 9-mm Makarov pistol (PM) is a personal weapon of attack and defense and is designed to defeat the enemy at short distances.

Fire from a pistol is most effective at distances of up to 50 m. The destructive power of a bullet is maintained up to 350 m. Fire from a pistol is carried out in single shots.

The pistol's combat rate of fire is 30 rounds per minute.

The weight of the pistol with a loaded magazine is 810 g. 9 mm pistol cartridges are used for firing the pistol. The initial speed of the bullet is 315 m/sec.

When firing, cartridges are fed into the chamber from a magazine with a capacity of 8 rounds.

General structure and operation of pistol parts

The pistol is a self-loading weapon, since it is reloaded automatically during shooting. The operation of the automatic pistol is based on the principle of using the recoil of a free shutter. The bolt and barrel have no clutch.

The reliability of locking the barrel bore when fired is achieved by the large mass of the bolt and the force of the return spring. Thanks to the presence of a hammer-type self-cocking trigger mechanism in the pistol, you can quickly open fire by directly pressing the tail of the trigger without first cocking the hammer.

Safe handling of the pistol is ensured by reliably operating fuses. The pistol has a safety located on the left side of the slide. In addition, the trigger is automatically cocked under the action of the mainspring after the trigger is released (“release” of the trigger) and when the trigger is released.

The trigger, under the action of the curved (bounce) end of the wide feather of the mainspring, is rotated at a certain angle from the bolt (this is the “blowback” of the trigger) so that the nose of the sear is in front of the safety cocking of the hammer.

After the trigger is released, the trigger rod, under the action of the narrow feather of the mainspring, will move to the rear extreme position. The cocking lever and the sear will go down, the sear, under the action of its spring, will press against the trigger and the trigger will automatically engage the safety cock.

The pistol consists of 7 main parts and mechanisms:

• 1. frame with barrel and trigger guard;
• 2. bolt with firing pin, ejector and safety;
• 3. return spring;
• 4. trigger mechanism;
• 5. handle with screw;
• 6. shutter stop;
• 7. shop.

Each pistol comes with an accessory:

• - spare magazine,
• - wiping,
• - holster,
• - pistol strap.

To fire a shot, you must press the trigger with your index finger. At the same time, the trigger strikes the firing pin, which breaks the cartridge primer. As a result, the powder charge ignites and forms a large number of powder gases. The bullet is ejected from the barrel by the pressure of the powder gases. The bolt, under the pressure of gases transmitted through the bottom of the sleeve, moves back, holding the sleeve with the ejector and compressing the return spring. When the cartridge meets the reflector, it is thrown out through the shutter window.

When the bolt moves to the rearmost position, it turns the trigger on the trunnions back and puts it in cocking position. Having moved back all the way, the bolt returns forward under the action of the return spring. When moving forward, the bolt rammer pushes the next cartridge out of the magazine and sends it into the chamber. The bore is locked with a blowback bolt; the gun is ready to fire again.

To fire the next shot, you need to release the trigger and then press it again. So the shooting will continue until the cartridges in the magazine are completely used up.

Once all the cartridges from the magazine have been used up, the bolt locks into the slide stop and remains in the rear position.