Presentation on the topic of Crimean reserves. Specially protected natural areas of Crimea presentation for a geography lesson (grade 9) on the topic. Lesson type: discovering new knowledge, acquiring new skills and abilities
Reserves of Crimea
Presentation prepared by teacher primary classes MBOU "Rodnikovskaya school-gymnasium" Mashakova A.Sh.
- Reserve- a section of territory in which all of it is preserved in its natural state natural complex. Hunting and any human economic activity are prohibited here. Reserves are usually closed to tourists. This strictly guarded territory!
- In Crimea there are 7 .
CRIMEAN NATURE RESERVE
It was organized in 1928. More than 200 species of vertebrate animals live (half of them are found in Crimea). The forests are home to red deer, Crimean roe deer, mouflon, black vulture, griffon vulture and other rare animals.
More than 1,200 species of plants grow on the territory (almost half of the entire flora of Crimea). Oak, beech and hornbeam forests are of particular value.
One of the largest in Crimea. Created in 1973
Any economic activity is prohibited on the territory of the reserve, except for scientific and research development.
In the mountainous part of the reserve there is Mount Ai-Petri, the famous Devil's Staircase, the Three-Eyed (Ice) Cave, and the Uchan-Su waterfall.
Devil's Staircase Pass
Three-Eyed Cave
Mountain slopes
- Forests occupy 75% of the entire territory. On the mountain slopes there are pine forests (57%), beech and hornbeam.
Cape Martyan
Located east of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, area - 240 hectares. Created in 1973 and intended to preserve an area of Mediterranean nature in Crimea. A relict Mediterranean forest in which more than 500 species of plants grow is protected here.
Of particular value are the communities of the rarest relic - the red strawberry tree, listed in the International Red Book.
"Red Books"
Pistachio obtufolia
Juniper tall
Swan Islands- branch of the Crimean Nature Reserve.
Here is one of the largest Eastern Europe clusters waterfowl: more than 230 species, of which 18 are listed in the Red Book.
Every year up to 5 thousand people fly here from the south. swans.
Colony of laughing gulls
There are more than 30 thousand individuals. During the summer, seagulls destroy almost 2 million. gophers and up to 8 million mice.
Karadag Reserve
The youngest on the peninsula (1979), located in the southeast of Crimea.
The flora includes about 1050 plant species.
Only here does Poyarkova’s hawthorn live
Koktebel tulip
Yaskolka (Crimean edelweiss)
Area 450 hectares. Located on the northwestern coast of the Kerch Peninsula (Leninsky district, Shchelkino).
Founded in 1998 Represents virgin areas of the feather grass steppe.
Among the plants that grow here are white violet, tulips, 5 types of feather grass, Galiev's cornflower, thin-leaved peony, etc.
225 plant species are listed in the Red Book.
35 species of animals are included in the Red Book (yellowtail, snakes, steppe viper, steppe harrier, kestrel, ferret, gopher, etc.)
Steppe ferret
- The Opuksky Nature Reserve was created in 1998 in the south of the Kerch Peninsula for the preservation and reproduction of steppe natural complexes of the Crimean plain and aquatic complexes of the Black Sea.
- Area of the Opuksky Nature Reserve is 1592.3 hectares, of which 62 hectares are the Black Sea with the islands of the Rock-Ships, rising in the sea 4 km from the coast.
In addition to nature reserves in Crimea, there are:
32 state reserve,
73 protected natural monuments,
25 protected botanical gardens and monument parks,
11 protected areas.
Natural resources are needed keep And multiply !
Specially protected natural areas Crimea
Slide No. 1
The purpose of the lesson: study the protected natural areas of Crimea; get acquainted with the types of specially protected natural areas and their functions; study the development of the reserve fund in Crimea.
Subject results. Teach to highlight essential features specially protected areas of Crimea; show the role of specially protected areas (specially protected areas) for conservation biological diversity biosphere; develop the ability to compare environmental protection areas of Crimea, draw conclusions and conclusions based on comparison.
Personal results: formation ecological culture based on recognition of the value of life in all its manifestations and the need for a responsible, careful attitude To environment;
Meta-subject results: ability to work with different sources of biological information: find biological information in various sources (textbook text, popular science and reference books), analyze and evaluate information; the ability to classify - to determine the belonging of biological objects to a certain systematic group; the ability to compare biological objects and processes, to be able to draw conclusions based on comparison.
Basic concepts and terms: specially protected areas, world heritage monuments, nature reserves, sanctuaries, National parks, natural monuments, arboretums, botanical gardens.
Equipment and materials : computer, screen, lesson presentation, printouts of didactic material for students.
Lesson type: discovering new knowledge, acquiring new skills and abilities.
Teaching methods : explanatory-illustrative, problem-search, brainstorming, group work.
During the classes
Classroom Organization (3 minutes)
Poems about human responsibility for preserving nature against the background of music
Good afternoon guys, today we have an unusual lesson, a lesson that makes you think and change your view of nature. I would like to start the lesson with a wonderful poem by the poet Alexander Smirnov.
Slides No. 2,3
There is just a temple, there is a temple of science,
(slides No. 4,5)
And there is also a temple of nature, with forests stretching their arms towards the sun and winds.
(Slide 6.7)
He is holy at any time of the year, open to us in hot and cold weather. Come here, be a little hearty,
(Slide No. 8)
Do not desecrate his shrines.
Slide No. 9
Teacher Questions:
Who is the poet addressing?
What is the purpose of writing this poem?
Updating students' basic knowledge (4 minutes)
Slides No. 9, 10
What do the organisms shown on the slide have in common? (endemics)
Slides No. 11,12
What do the organisms shown on the slide have in common? (relics)
Slides No. 13,14
What do the organisms on the slide have in common? (rare and endangered species of Crimea)
Problem situation (2 minutes)
Slide No. 15
Facts about daily species extinction (graph)
Slides No. 16,17
Biodiversity and its role in preserving the biosphere
What to do in such a situation?
Finding a way out of a problem situation using brainstorming (2 minutes)
Assumption : protect biodiversity at all levels: global, national, regional, local.
The key word is protect!
Mini-lecture (15 minutes)
Slide No. 18
Specially protected natural areas - territories within which they are protected from traditional economic use and maintained in their natural state to preserve ecological balance, as well as for scientific, educational, cultural and aesthetic purposes.
Slide No. 19
Currently in the world total protected natural areas exceeded 2,600 with a total area of over 4 million km2, which is 3% of the land area.
Slide No. 20
Wildlife sanctuaries - areas of natural territories within which (permanently or temporarily) are prohibited individual species and shapes economic activity person.
Reserves - specially protected areas (and water areas), completely excluded from any economic activity for the sake of preserving rare and endangered species.
Game reserve - an area of territory allocated for intensive reproduction of game and intended for strictly regulated hunts.
National Park - usually a large area of territory allocated for the conservation of nature for health and aesthetic purposes, as well as in the interests of science, culture and education.
Natural monument - separate natural objects(waterfalls, caves, geysers, unique gorges, ancient trees etc.), having scientific, historical, cultural and aesthetic significance.
Slide No. 21
World Heritage Monument - in 1972, in the face of a growing threat to the natural and cultural heritage of mankind, UNESCO adopted the World Heritage Convention, establishing the Fund, the funds of which are used to protect monuments of world culture, unique natural areas or sites, usually of national importance. Currently in International List The World Heritage Site includes 337 natural and cultural sites.
Slide No. 22
Analyze the table. Select the top three.Determine which country has the most developed nature reserves, and which country practically does not deal with nature conservation issues.
Slide No. 23
1. The top three are:
1st place – New Zealand, 2nd place - Austria, 3rd place - Russia and Costa Rica
2. Nature conservation is most developed in New Zealand (16% of the country - PA)
3. Nicaragua practically does not deal with environmental issues (0.12% of the country - OTO)
Slide No. 24
Reserves of Crimea
Slides No. 25 -32
Crimean state reserve
Slides No. 33-35
Cape Martyan
Slides No. 36 -39
Karadag
Slides No. 40-44
Opukskiy
Slides No. 45-47
Kazantipsky
Consolidation of what has been learned (17 minutes)
Slide No. 48
Working with a table. The teacher explains the conditions for working in groups. Asks you to find task No. 1 on the tables. Students complete the task. Self-test.
Slide No. 49
The teacher explains the conditions of task No. 2 and asks to find it on the tables. Semantic reading, detecting errors in texts. Peer review.
Correspondence of terms and their definitions (task No. 3).
The teacher walks between the tables and checks the correct execution.
assigning points to groups.
Slide No. 50
Reflection (2 minutes)
Did you learn anything new today?
What did you find most interesting?
What do you think is the most important thing you learned?
What conclusion did you come to?
Slide No. 51
Take care Crimean nature for future generations! Goodbye!
Reserves of Crimea
For the first time, in 1870, part of the mountain-forest landscapes in Crimea acquired the status of an imperial (royal) hunting reserve.
Over the years of its development, the nature reserve fund of Crimea has become the most important indicator of the reference scientific and natural resource potential of the peninsula. This is a natural environment-preserving and environment-reproducing source of the plain-steppe, mountain-forest and southern coastal-sub-Mediterranean nature of the peninsula. As of 1.01. 1998 in Crimea there are 145 territories and objects of natural reserve fund, with a total area of 140.4 thousand hectares, including 43 territories of national significance, with an area of 124.7 thousand hectares (which is 87% of the area of the entire reserve fund) and 102 objects of local importance, with an area of 15.7 thousand hectares (13% of the area of the reserve fund). At the same time, specially protected territories and objects, reflecting the degree of uniqueness of nature in different regions peninsulas, are unevenly distributed across the landscape regions of Crimea. The Main Crimean Ridge and the Crimean Sub-Mediterranean region are characterized by the greatest reserve density. The landscape areas of the Plain Crimea, the Kerch hills and the Crimean foothills are characterized by significantly less reserve density. In general, the reserve fund in Crimea accounts for 5.4% of the peninsula’s territory. This is 2.5 times higher than the similar average for Ukraine as a whole, but 2 times lower than the UN recommended optimal level of reserve saturation for regions of the world.
The Crimean Nature Reserve is the oldest on the peninsula, it was created in 1923. For a long time (1957-1991 it remained in the strange status of a “reserve hunting area”, when instead of protecting valuable animals, they were hunted by “reserve” hunting. Nowadays the reserve is together with a branch, it occupies 44.1 thousand hectares. The reserve protects north-slope forest, upland meadow-steppe (Yailta) and partially southern-slope forest landscapes. 1,165 species grow in the protected area higher plants(pls 84 species on the Swan Islands). The floristic wealth includes 45 endemic species, 115 rare and preserved species. The reserve is home to 39 species of mammals), 120 species of birds (on the Lebyazhye Islands - 20 and 230, respectively). Of particular value are beech, oak, hornbeam and pine forests, which play an important water and soil protection role. Red deer, mouflon roe deer, black vulture, griffon vulture and other rare animals live here. Up to 5,000 mute swans flock to the Swan Islands annually to molt, and the colony of gulls numbers more than 30,000 individuals.
The Yalta Natural Mountain Forest Reserve was created in 1973. It covers mainly the western South Coast (14,589 hectares). Forests occupy 3/4 of its territory. Tall, mainly pine forests are common here (they make up 56% of all forests in the reserve), also beech and oak, in places with evergreen sub-Mediterranean undergrowth. The reserve's flora includes 1,363 species of vascular plants, including 115 endemics; 43 plant species are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine. The reserve is home to 37 species of mammals, 113 species of birds, 11 species of reptiles and 4 species of amphibians.
Nature reserve Cape Martyan, located east of Nikitsky botanical garden on the limestone cape of the same name, it occupies, together with the coastal aquatic complex, only 240 hectares. The reserve was created in 1973 and is intended to preserve a corner of nature of the sub-Mediterranean type in Crimea. A relict pine-juniper-strawberry forest with more than 600 plant species, including 23 endemic species, is preserved here. The Red Book of Ukraine includes tall juniper, small-fruited greenberry, etc. The adjacent water area is home to 71 species of algae, 50 species of fish, 40 species of mollusks - a total of 200 species of marine animals.
Finally, in the east of the Crimean Sub-Mediterranean Sea there is the youngest nature reserve on the peninsula, the Karadag Nature Reserve, founded in 1979. It occupies an area of 1855.1 hectares of ancient volcanic mountain-forest landscape. The reserve was created to protect the rarest landscape and botanical-zoological objects. More than 100 mineral species and varieties have been found on Karadag: semiprecious stones- carnelian, opal, heliotrope, agate, rhinestone, amestist, etc. You can observe the attributes of the fossils of the volcano: lava flows and breccias, dikes, mineral veins. The rich flora of Karadag includes 1090 species of vascular plants, including about 50 endemics. Many species are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine: tall juniper, blunt-leaved pistachio, Poyarkova hawthorn, etc. The fauna of Karadag includes 28 species of mammals, 184 species of birds, reptile species, 3 amphibians, 1900 invertebrates. The flora of the coastal waters includes 454 species of plants and 900 species of animals (including 80 species of fish).
In addition to nature reserves, numerous other, mostly small in area, specially protected natural unique sites are scattered sporadically throughout Crimea. 32 state reserves have been established on the peninsula, accounting for 51% of the protected territory of Crimea. Among them - 1 reserves are of national importance. There are 73 protected natural monuments in Crimea, with a total area of 2.4% of the entire reserve fund; Among them, 12 have national status. There are 25 protected botanical gardens and parks-monuments of horticultural art in Crimea (their area is 1% of the reserve fund); 11 of them have national status. Finally, there are 11 protected areas in Crimea. They occupy 1.6% protected area peninsula.
Reserves of Crimea
project "Ecological trail"
4th – A grade students
Mikhailovskaya school
Republic of Crimea
2014-2015 academic year year
Teacher: Shishchenko V.V.
Kazantip Nature Reserve
- Formed on May 12, 1998.
- In total, there are 541 species of vascular plants on Kazantip, making up 40% of the flora plain Crimea and 60% of the flora of the Kerch Peninsula. Of these, 25 species are listed in the Red Book.
- The fauna of the reserve includes 188 species of vertebrates and more than 450 species of invertebrate animals. 35 species of animals are listed in the Red Book
Karadag Nature Reserve
- The reserve was created on August 9, 1979
- The vegetation of the reserve is distinguished by its species richness. The flora of Kara-Dag has more than 2,500 species
- The fauna of the reserve is no less rich than the flora and has 5,300 species.
Crimean Nature Reserve
- The Crimean Nature Reserve is one of the oldest in Crimea. The beginning of the conservation of the territory is considered to be in 1913.
- A branch of the Lebyazhy Islands Nature Reserve was created in 1949
- The Crimean Nature Reserve is distinguished by its rich vegetation. More than 1,200 plant species grow here, of which 29 species are included in the European Red List, and another 9 species are protected by the Berne Convention.
- The reserve is home to more than 200 species of vertebrate animals.
30 animal species are included in the European Red List,
52 species in the Red Book of Ukraine
Cape Martyan Nature Reserve
- Was organized on February 20, 1973
- In general, more than 200 species of marine animals are found in the reserve’s waters.
- The main value of the reserve and the main objective its creation is a relict grove of tall juniper.
- In total, the flora of the reserve includes about 540 plant species,
of which 38 are included in the Red Book.
- The fauna of the reserve includes 1,100 species of animals.
Opuk Nature Reserve
- Founded 1998
- The main goal is to preserve the biological and landscape diversity of Opuka and its coastal zone.
- The region is diverse with a variety of flora and fauna. 32 species of the reserve's fauna are listed in the Red Book
Yalta Mountain Forest Reserve
- Created on February 20, 1973 on the basis of the Yalta forestry enterprise
- In total, about 1363 species of vascular plants grow in the reserve, which is 65% of the species Mountain Crimea. In addition, the flora of the reserve includes 78 species rare plants listed in the Red Book
- The vertebrate fauna of the reserve is much less rich. The largest number of bird species live here - 150
- 1. Crimean Nature Reserve Geographical location. The purpose and history of the creation of the reserve. Research work. Flora and fauna. The work was completed by 11th grade student Alla Rybalchenko
- 2. Geographical location of the reserve Crimean reserve is one of the oldest in Crimea and Ukraine. The main part of the reserve occupies the center of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains, a branch of the reserve is located in the west of the Crimean steppe zone and occupies part of the waters of the Karkinitsky Bay of the Black Sea. Area of the mountain forest part Crimean Nature Reserve formed from sections of the mountains of the Main Ridge, the basin between the mountains and the slopes of the Inner Ridge of the Crimean Mountains.
- Here are the highest mountain ranges of Crimea - Yalta Yayla, Gurzuf Yayla, Babugan-Yayla, Chatyr-Dag-Yayla. Most of the massifs extend from south-west to north-east and have a cuesta structure. A large number of precipitation and dense forest cover determined that many Crimean rivers originate in the central part of the reserve - Alma, Kacha, Tevelchuk, Kosse, Marta, Ulu-Uzen, Avunda, Derekoyka, Donga. There are about 300 mountain springs and springs here, among which the most famous is Saylukh-Su, thanks to its healing water with silver ions
- 4. Limestone rocks, which make up most of rocks on the territory of the reserve, led to the widespread distribution of karst landforms: cavities, wells, grottoes, mines and caves. General relief The main part of the reserve is characterized by significant elevation changes, ruggedness and heterogeneity.
- 5. Purpose and history of the creation of the reserve The Crimean reserve was organized in 1928. It occupies 33,397 hectares. in the central part of the Main Crimean Ridge. More than 1,200 plant species grow in the protected area (almost half of the total flora of Crimea), and over 200 species of vertebrate animals live (half of those found in Crimea).
- 6. The reserve has great scientific and cultural significance. On the periphery of the protected area, several recreational sections of ecological trails have been created, where tourists in organized groups, without damaging nature, get acquainted with its riches.
- 7. On Chatyrdag, the most beautiful “Marble” cave is equipped for mass visits. A branch of the reserve, Lebezhy Islands, is located off the northwestern coast of Crimea. Here is one of the largest concentrations of waterfowl in Eastern Europe: more than 230 species, of which 18 species are listed in the Red Book.
- 8. Every year, up to 5 thousand swans flock from the south to molt, and the colony of laughing acacias numbers more than 30 thousand individuals. During the summer season, seagulls destroy almost 2 million gophers and up to 8 million mice – field pests. In Alushta, under the management of the Crimean Nature Reserve, a Museum of Nature and a dendrozoo have been created, where you can get acquainted with the natural resources of mountain forests.
- 9. Flora and fauna The Crimean reserve is distinguished by its richness of vegetation. More than 1,200 plant species grow here, of which 29 are included in the European Red List (Eremut Crimean, Cotoneaster Krvmsky, Sobolev Siberian, Dzevanovsky thyme, Lagozeris purpurea and red-headed, Prangos trifid), and another 9 species are protected by the Bren Convention. Of particular value are oak, beech and hornbeam forests, which play an important water and soil protection role.
- 10. 100 species of plants and mushrooms growing in the reserve are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine. The reserve is home to the largest population of the Crimean subspecies of red deer in Crimea. The Leva is home to the Crimean roe deer, mouflon, black vulture, griffon vulture and other rare animals. Among small mammals, the hedgehog is often found. Ubiquitous red fox(occasionally silver-brown specimens are found). Badgers and weasels live in the forests.