Happy anniversary, Tajik Cultural Center! Regional public organization "Society of Tajik Culture" Somon Chairman of the Board of the ROO Tajik Cultural Center

The organization was created in 1997.
Chairman - Mirzoev Farukh Mamadalievich.

Goals of the organization:
- development cultural exchange between Russia and Tajikistan;
- preservation of the cultural heritage of the Tajik people.

Events, programs:"Somon" participates in all city and regional events dedicated to interethnic relations. We participated in the project “National Minorities and the Media,” a project aimed at creating a culture of tolerance, which is being implemented jointly by the Administration of the Governor of the Sverdlovsk Region and the Berlin Senate.

The organization actively participates in the work of the Council of Leaders of National-Cultural Associations at the regional House of Peace and Friendship.

Chairman of the Council of the Society of Tajik Culture “Somon” founded in 1998 F.M. Mirzoev - member of the Advisory Council on Nationalities Affairs of the Sverdlovsk Region, which includes representatives of the executive and legislative branches, leaders of national associations. In addition, he participated in the development of the Agreement on partnership relations between the Main Department of Internal Affairs of the Sverdlovsk Region, the Sverdlovsk Regional Advisory Council of Public Associations of the All-Russian Political Party "United Russia" and national public associations Sverdlovsk region. This Agreement was signed to achieve the most effective implementation constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, the prevention of interethnic conflicts, the fight against crime and the prevention of offenses on ethnic grounds in the Sverdlovsk region.

The Somon organization is the founder of the Center for Promotion of National-Cultural Associations at the Ural State Mining University, and its members are frequent guests of the television program “National Dimension”, which talks about the life of the peoples of the Sverdlovsk region. The chairman of the organization is a member of the editorial board of the program.

Holidays: Tajikistan Independence Day (September 9); Novruz - New Year(March 22), Eid al-Adha, Ramadan Bayram.

The Somon Society maintains contacts with Tajik organizations in other regions - Krasnodar, Novosibirsk, etc.

According to the 2002 population census, 6,125 Tajiks live in the Sverdlovsk region.

To whom did Zarathustra speak?

Sogd, Bactria, Khorezm, Merv... Time itself breathes in these names. In the 1st millennium BC. The distant ancestors of the Tajiks lived in these states. They cultivated the land in the oases and valleys of the Amu Darya, Zeravshan and Kashkadarya, and grazed livestock in the Pamirs, Tien Shan and the Aral-Caspian steppes. They built houses, fortresses and temples. They knew how to make at least 15 types of fabrics from cotton. They were masters in the art of ceramics, embossing, wood and metal carving. Already 4000 years ago lead was mined in Karamazar, gold in Darvaz, and lal and lapis lazuli in Badakhshan. The remains of ancient mines were found in Isfara, Ura-Tube, Kulyab, and Penjikent.

Here the Zoroastrian concept of the world is formed, which is reflected in holy book“Avesta”, and from the group of Iranian languages ​​the Eastern Iranian branch is separated, which in the future will blossom into Farsi - the language of Persian and Tajik culture.

In the 6th century BC. these lands were captured by the Persians, but two centuries later the Achaemenid Empire fell under the attacks of the troops of Alexander the Great. By the beginning of our era, the mighty Kushan kingdom rose on the ruins of Bactria. The first transcontinental highway, the Great Silk Road, and trade caravans spread throughout the world not only Kushan goods, but also the culture of the peoples who lived here. With the formation of the Turkic Khaganate in the 6th century, the influence of Turkic ethnic elements increased, and by the time of the Arab conquest (8th century) in the territory Central Asia Three main ethnic regions emerged: Sogdian in the north, Fergana in the northeast and Tocharian in the south.

Then the Samanids, the first local dynasty after Arab rule (9th-10th centuries), entered the historical arena. Having established control over Central Asia, the Samanids united different ethnic groups within single state and a single religion (Islam). Farsi-Tajik becomes the dominant language. During this era, the formation of the core of the Tajik people was completed.

People of the Middle Eastern Renaissance

The Samanid lands prospered. All South Asia used Samanid silver coins. The centers of cultural life are Bukhara, Samarkand, Merv, Khojent, Penjikent, Herat, Balkh. Luxurious palaces and mosques are being built here. Philosophers, doctors, poets come to Bukhara; a rich library is being created. Observatories are being built, the works of scientists from Greece and India are being translated, original works on mathematics, astronomy, mineralogy, mechanics, physics, chemistry and medicine are being created. The encyclopedists al-Razi, al-Khorazmi, Balkhi, al-Fergani and others reach the heights of scientific thought. Ahmad Sarahsi and Abulabbas Marwazi write treatises on geography and geodesy. An unknown Tajik geographer compiled the work “Hudud Alalem” (“Borders of the World”).

In 858, Rudaki, the future founder of Tajik poetry, was born in a mountain village near Penjikent. Ferdowsi creates his famous “Book of Kings” (“Shah-name”). Ibn Sina (Avicenna) writes “The Canon of Medical Science,” which for seven centuries will be a reference book for physicians in Europe. Avicenna’s sphere of attention also included logic, philosophy, mathematics, physics, and geography. Some of the works combined in the book “Danish-name” were written by him in his native Tajik language. Developed in Nishapur and Samarkand new way ceramic processing, which allows you to preserve the painting after firing and cover it with glaze. The technology of bronze casting and other metalworking is being improved...

However, already at the end of the 10th century, political influence in Central Asia passed to the Turkic-speaking peoples. More and more new waves of Turkic, and later Mongolian tribes penetrated into the areas of the settled Tajik population. For almost a thousand years, the Tajik people did not have their own statehood, and their culture developed in close connection with the Turkic peoples, especially the Uzbeks.

The fate of the Tajiks also turned out to be difficult in the 19th-20th centuries: the northern regions became part of Russia in 1868, and the population of Southern Tajikistan remained under the rule of the Bukhara Emirate, dependent on Russia. The Tajik ASSR, created in 1924, was transformed into the Tajik SSR five years later. In 1991, the independent Republic of Tajikistan was proclaimed.

Not by bread alone and by bread alone

There was a lot in the history of Tajik culture: the brilliant peaks of scientific and artistic discovery of the world, and the difficult struggle to preserve its identity, its spiritual heritage. One of the most amazing qualities that the Tajik people have always shown is their amazing resilience and unyielding desire for peace and goodness, despite adversity. It is no coincidence that latifs - anecdotal stories - are so popular among Tajiks, and their most beloved characters are Mushfiq and the legendary Khoja Nasreddin.

Religion

The heart of the spirituality of the ancient ancestors of the Tajiks was Zoroastrianism. Scientists believe that the teachings of Zarathustra, ideas about posthumous reward, the role of man in the world, and belief in the Savior of the world influenced Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam. Today in Tajikistan, approximately 95% of believers profess Islam. 90% of them are Hanafi Sunnis, the rest are mainly from the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region - Ismailis.

Holidays

Like all Muslims of the world, Tajiks celebrate with reverence Religious holidays. For example, after fasting for 30 days in the month of Ramadan, you should Eid al-Fitr- a holiday of breaking the fast, in which there is a day of giving special alms, the so-called sadaka-fitrah. The festival of sacrifice is associated with the ritual of pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) - Eid al-Adha(Kurban).

Since pre-Islamic times, holidays associated with the agricultural calendar have been preserved. Most Popular spring: Sayri Lola- holiday of tulips and Chummoma sayly- snowdrop holiday. But perhaps the most beloved of all, the brightest and most picturesque - New Year - Navruz. To mark its beginning, people take to the streets with bouquets of snowdrops, irises or tulips and sing songs dedicated to the coming of spring. After the procession, houses are cleaned, festive dishes are prepared, and on the night before the holiday they dress up in new clothes. The table is being set in a brightly lit house. It must contain seven products, the name of which in Farsi begins with the letter “sin” - sprouted grains, garlic, apple, vinegar, barberry, wild olive, spinach. But the main dish, like Christians have a colored egg for Easter, is considered to be sumanak - malt halva, brewed from the juice of sprouted wheat grains. Also on the table there will certainly be: bread, a bowl of water with a green leaf floating on the surface, a vessel with rose water, fruits, nuts, a rooster, fish, milk, cheese. Sometimes the Koran is placed on the table. It is believed that all family members should gather for a meal on the night of Nowruz.

Kitchen

Traditional Tajik cuisine has much in common with Uzbek cuisine, but retains its originality. The basis of Tajik nutrition, especially in mountainous areas, amounted to flatbreads baked in clay tanura ovens and dairy products, including ghee, dry cheese (kurut) and curd cheese (paneer). Rice dishes, manti, vegetables and fruits are also popular. The preferred meat is lamb and beef. The traditional holiday treat for lowland Tajiks is pilaf, and for mountain Tajiks it is lamb soup (shurbo). Favorite drink is green tea. Not a single reception or friendly conversation is complete without it. Even lunch begins with tea. Bowls of tea are served on trays; sweets, fruits, and cakes are served on a separate tray. Then soup is served in large bowls, main courses are served on large round plates, and salads are served with them. It should be noted respectfully careful attitude Tajiks to food, especially bread: bread should not be thrown or dropped on the ground or floor, it is not customary to place it on the dastarkhan (table, tablecloth) with the bottom side up, it should be broken carefully, etc.

Open future

Migration of Tajiks to Russia and, in particular, to Middle Urals has a long history. Back in the 16th century, Tajiks appeared in Siberia. There are known settlements of Tajiks - “Bukharians”, as they were called then - in Tobolsk, Tara, Tyumen, Tomsk. Their main occupation was trade. Bukhara merchants were allowed to travel freely from Siberia to Kazan, Astrakhan, Arkhangelsk and other cities, and therefore they became active participants in the Makaryevskaya, Nizhny Novgorod, and Irbitskaya fairs. Through these channels of trade between cities and peoples, furs, as well as leather, the production of which was established by the Bukharans, mainly went to the south. The northerners willingly bought horses, cattle and other “imports”. The Bukhara people were engaged in both agriculture and cattle breeding; Among them were officials, scientists and cultural figures, and the mineral ashirite, the deposit of which he discovered in Siberia, was named in honor of the Bukharian Ashur.

IN Soviet times the migration composition has changed. These were mainly young people who came on Komsomol vouchers to schools, technical schools and universities, and then were assigned to Russian cities. Those of them who started families here remained permanently.

It should be noted that Tajiks are not a diaspora nation. Most of them left their homeland to work, since the labor potential of the republic exceeded the capabilities of the local labor market. Labor migration to Russia existed in the 70s, but it was of an organized nature. International teams at large industrial and agricultural facilities did not surprise anyone. However, in the 1990s, when Tajikistan began Civil War and the economic crisis broke out, the influx of refugees and labor migrants from the republic to the regions of Russia increased.

Among the Ural Tajiks there are scientists, lawyers, engineers, officials, and entrepreneurs. They live and work in Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region, study at Ural universities, and raise children whose homeland is the Urals.

Citizens of Tajikistan work in numerous new buildings in Yekaterinburg and the region. Many work in the housing and communal services sector, and thanks to their care, the capital of the Urals is becoming cleaner and more comfortable. The number of Tajiks who have temporary registration in the Sverdlovsk region is constantly changing and depends on the season.

The Middle Urals and Tajikistan have long-standing friendly and partnership relations. Ural factories produce products necessary for the formation and reconstruction of the republic's industry. As last year's Uralexpocentre exhibition, held in Tajikistan as part of the Days of Russia, showed, the products of Uralvagonzavod, Bogoslovsky Aluminum Plant, NPO Avtomatika, and construction enterprises in the region aroused great interest among Tajiks. In turn, the Tajiks supply the region with agricultural products.

And recently, their colleagues from Tajikistan came to Yekaterinburg to train Zelenstroy specialists. Anyone who has visited Dushanbe or seen other garden cities of this republic will understand that our industrial Yekaterinburg has a good chance to radically become prettier!

In Moscow, at the Moscow House of Nationalities, a gala evening was held in honor of the 20th anniversary of the Tajik Cultural Center.

Its permanent chairman, Khursheda Davronovna Hamrakulova, led this celebration, which was attended by: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Tajikistan to the Russian Federation I. M. Sattorov; head of department national policy and interregional relations of Moscow V. I. Suchkov; Assistant to City Duma Deputy N.T. Antoshkin A.L. Podgorny; Deputy Director of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences V. Yu. Zorin; Chairman of the Council of the Assembly of Peoples of Russia, deputy State Duma III and IV convocations of S. K. Smirnov; members of the Council for National Affairs under the President of the Russian Federation, representatives of the Assembly of Peoples of Russia of many diasporas and national-cultural autonomies of Moscow. There were also distinguished guests from Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Armenia and Belarus.

As Mrs. Hamrakulova emphasized, the highest common goal all nationalities former USSR– to become one country again in a global context. This unity will make it possible to recreate the greatness of all the peoples of Eurasia. No one can disturb the favorable atmosphere of communication between relatives, although not by blood.

The enthusiasm of this fragile, energetic, beautiful woman, professor – Khursheda Hamrakulova. One of the guests said to her: “When I first met Khursheda, I understood why Alexander the Great chose a Tajik woman as his wife!” Coming from a family of 10 children, she advocates kinship, brotherhood and unity.

"Let's be friends!" — with this call Khursheda Hamrakulova ended the official part of the evening and cited the words of Chingiz Aitmatov: “The stronger we are, the stronger the peace on Earth.” Then a wonderful concert took place, where songs about Dushanbe, Moscow and the beauty of human relations were sung. In the New Year 2018, the chairman of the Tajik Cultural Center has the task of holding the Novruz holiday at the same cosmic level. Happy upcoming holiday, Mrs. Khamrakulova! May all your endeavors come true.

Prepared by Elena MARTYNYUK

On December 20, 2017, the Moscow House of Nationalities celebrated the 20th anniversary of the Tajik Cultural Center.

On this day, the walls of the hall were decorated with landscapes and still lifes of the great Tajikistan, which were kindly provided for the holiday by the talented artist from Dushanbe Sukhailo Kamolova. Before the start of the official part, all guests of the evening could briefly be transported into the atmosphere of the mysterious East. In addition to paintings that immerse you in the vastness and nature of Tajikistan, an exhibition of household items, jewelry and traditional clothing was organized local residents. Each guest was able to fully understand the culture of this wonderful people, fellow countrymen were able to communicate and congratulate each other on the anniversary of their beloved Center.

The hero of the occasion, as well as the organizer of the evening, was the Chairman of the Board of the RPO “Tajik Cultural Center» Hamrakulova Khursheda Davronovna. On big screen guests - friends, colleagues and associates of the hero of the occasion - were shown images captured by photo and video cameras various events from her life, episodes from events held by TKTs.

When the initiator and director of the citywide Novruz holiday in Moscow took the stage, the guests warmly greeted her with thunderous applause. Bright, elegant National costumes, joyful faces, flowers in the hands of many - all this created a festive atmosphere corresponding to the significant event.

The evening was opened by the director of the State Budgetary Institution “Moscow House of Nationalities” Vladimir Borisovich Tarasov. He sincerely expressed his deepest gratitude for reliable cooperation and the development of stability in preserving and popularizing the rich culture and traditions of the Tajik people. He also noted that the development and preservation of Moscow by Tajiks national treasure in a multinational city is combined with their integration into cultural life capital Cities.

The head of the Department of National Policy and Interregional Relations of the City of Moscow, Vitaly Ivanovich Suchkov, read out a congratulatory address about the active activities of the RPO “Tajik Cultural Center” and about its friendly relations with various diasporas in Moscow. He emphasized that the Center, headed by Hamrakulova Khursheda Davronovna, makes a significant personal contribution to the preservation and enhancement of the history and culture of the Tajik people, carries out extensive cultural and educational work, actively promotes the rich traditions and customs of the native people, promoting the unity and friendship of all nations.

Words about the island of Tajik-Persian national culture in Moscow were said by the Ambassador of the Republic of Tajikistan in Russian Federation Imomuddin Mirzoevich Sattorov. In his speech, he spoke about the path of friendship and cooperation of the Embassy with the Tajik Cultural Center and directly with Khursheda Davronovna. He also noted that Khursheda is a person of active citizenship, that it was she who stood at the origins of the creation of the regional public organization “Tajik Cultural Center” and for more than 20 years has been revealing centuries-old Tajik culture to the capital.

As the evening progressed, Khursheda Davronovna spoke about the history of the TCC: about its first steps and its formation, about cultural initiatives and implemented projects, about participation in various city events, about creative success, achievements and awards. And, of course, there were musical gifts: musicians, dancers and long-time friends of the Tajik Cultural Center, constant participants not only in TCC projects, but also in many other international projects in the Moscow and Russian cultural space, delighted the audience with their brightness and originality.

Broadcast
"Moscow Navruz"

Hosts of the program "Moscow Navruz" "
on New Planetary Youth Television

Khursheda Harmakulova and

Roxana Khasanova

Khursheda Davronovna Hamrakulova– Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor of the State University - High school economics, member of the Public Chamber of Education in Moscow, member of the Presidium and head of the Working Group on Education of the Interethnic Advisory Council under the Moscow Government (ICC), chairman of the board of the regional public organization "Tajik Cultural Center" (since its founding in 1996), author books of translations of fiction from Farsi-Tajik into Russian.

Roxana Khasanova- law student State University– Higher School of Economics, winner of a number of vocal competitions in the “Modern Pop Song” category, active participant in all three Nowruz celebrations in Moscow, member of the regional public organization “Tajik Cultural Center”.

Theme of the program: "Nowruz is an ancient New Year holiday in Asia."
History of Tajik folk costume.

The author of the program, Khursheda Hamrakulova, says: “We will talk about the oldest holiday of the Iranian and many other eastern peoples, which, according to researchers, arose no less than 5 thousand years ago. This is a holiday of spring and the rebirth of nature, which can be called the New Year holiday. The word itself “Navruz” is literally translated from Persian as “New Day.” Indeed, a lot of “new things” are connected with this day: a new cycle of the Moon, renewal of nature, renewal of the soul - moral cleansing, new clothes, new hopes - and all this on the day spring equinox. We will tell you how individual nations celebrate Nowruz, what hopes they associate with it, how they have fun, what songs they sing, how they go to visit, how they treat, what they serve at festive table. We will tell legends and parables related to the emergence and celebration of Nowruz. You will hear songs different nations performed by participants of Moscow holidays, you will see their dances and national costumes, works of painting and applied arts, learn the recipes of national dishes traditional for Navruz - in a word, get acquainted with the culture of different peoples through the story of Navruz."