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The SCO headquarters is located in. What kind of organization is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)? Composition of the SCO. Cooperation in the humanitarian sphere

2.1 Goals, objectives and principles of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Mechanisms and organizational structure of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

On June 15, 2001 in Shanghai, the heads of state of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan, highly appreciating the positive role of the Shanghai Five and considering that the creation and development of the Shanghai Five met the needs of humanity and historical development these states signed the “Declaration on the Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization”. Based on the “Declaration on the Establishment of the SCO”, on June 7, 2002, at the summit in St. Petersburg, the Charter of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization was signed.

The Charter consists of 26 articles that define the goals and objectives of the SCO, principles, areas of cooperation, organizational structure SCO, financing, relations with other states and international organizations, validity and entry into force, as well as language, dispute resolution, changes and additions.

In accordance with the Charter, the main goals and objectives of the SCO are:

1. strengthening mutual trust, friendship and good neighborliness between the Member States;

2. development of multidisciplinary cooperation in order to maintain and strengthen peace, security and stability in the region, promote the construction of a new democratic, fair and rational political and economic international order;

3. joint counteraction to terrorism, separatism and extremism in all their manifestations, the fight against illegal drug and weapons trafficking, other types of criminal transnational activities, as well as illegal migration;

4. encouraging effective regional cooperation in political, trade, economic, defense, law enforcement, environmental, cultural, scientific and technical, educational, energy, transport, credit and financial and other areas of common interest;

5. promoting comprehensive and balanced economic growth, social and cultural development in the region through joint actions on the basis of equal partnership in order to steadily increase the level and improve the living conditions of the peoples of the Member States;

6. coordination of approaches during integration into world economy;

7. promoting human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with international obligations member states and their national legislation;

8. maintaining and developing relations with other states and international organizations;

9. interaction in prevention international conflicts and their peaceful settlement;

10. joint search for solutions to problems that will arise in the 21st century.

The SCO member states adhere to following principles:

1.mutual respect for sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity states and inviolability state borders, non-aggression, non-interference in internal affairs, non-use of force or threat of force in international relations, renunciation of unilateral military superiority in adjacent areas;

2.equality of all member states, search for common points of view based on mutual understanding and respect for the opinions of each of them;

3.phased implementation of joint actions in areas of common interest;

4.peaceful resolution of disagreements between member states;

6.preventing any illegal actions directed against the interests of the SCO;

7. conscientious fulfillment of obligations arising from this Charter and other documents adopted within the SCO.

Unlike the Shanghai Five, the SCO is beginning to adhere to new principles: the gradual implementation of joint actions in areas of common interest, the prevention of any illegal actions directed against the interests of the SCO, as well as the non-direction of the SCO against other states and international organizations.

To fulfill the goals and objectives of the Charter, the following supranational institutions operate within the Organization:

Council of Heads of State;

Council of Heads of Government (Prime Ministers);

Council of Foreign Ministers;

Meetings of heads of ministries and departments;

Council of National Coordinators;

Regional anti-terrorist structure;

Secretariat.

All these bodies are executive structures, and bodies by type parliamentary assembly or there is no single court. This shows the initial level of institutional development of the SCO.

The functions and operating procedures of the SCO bodies, with the exception of the Regional Anti-Terrorism Structure, are determined by the relevant provisions, which are approved by the Council of Heads of State.

The Council of Heads of State may decide to create other SCO bodies. The creation of new bodies is formalized in the form of additional protocols to the Charter.

The Council of Heads of State is supreme body SCO. He determines priorities and develops the main directions of the Organization’s activities, decides fundamental issues its internal structure and functioning, interaction with other states and international organizations, and also considers the most pressing international problems.

The Council meets for regular meetings once a year. The chairmanship at a meeting of the Council of Heads of State is carried out by the head of state organizing the next meeting. The location of the next meeting of the Council is determined, as a rule, in the order of the Russian alphabet of the names of the SCO member states.

The Council of Heads of Government (Prime Ministers) adopts the Organization’s budget, considers and resolves major issues related to specific issues, especially economic spheres development of interaction within the Organization.

The Council meets for regular meetings once a year. The Council meeting is chaired by the head of government (Prime Minister) of the state in whose territory the meeting is being held.

The location of the next meeting of the Council is determined by prior agreement of the heads of government (prime ministers)

member states.

The Council of Foreign Ministers considers issues of the current activities of the Organization, preparation for a meeting of the Council of Heads of State and consultations within the Organization on international issues. The Council may, if necessary, make statements on behalf of the SCO.

The Council usually meets one month before the meeting of the Council of Heads of State. Extraordinary meetings of the Council of Foreign Ministers are convened on the initiative of at least two member states and with the consent of the foreign ministers of all other member states. The location of the regular and extraordinary meetings of the Council is determined by mutual agreement.

The Council is chaired by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the member state of the Organization, on whose territory the next meeting of the Council of Heads of State is held.

The Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, when carrying out external contacts, represents the Organization in accordance with the Regulations on the procedure for the work of the Council.

In accordance with the decisions of the Council of Heads of State and the Council of Heads of Government (Prime Ministers), heads of line ministries and departments of the member states regularly hold meetings to consider specific issues of developing interaction in relevant areas within the SCO.

The chairmanship is carried out by the head of the relevant ministry or department of the state organizing the meeting. The place and time of the meeting are agreed upon in advance.

To prepare and conduct meetings, by prior agreement of the member states, working groups of experts can be created on a permanent or temporary basis, which carry out their activities in accordance with the work regulations approved at meetings of heads of ministries or departments. These groups are formed from representatives of ministries or departments of member states.

The Council of National Coordinators is the SCO body that coordinates and manages the current activities of the Organization. It carries out the necessary preparations for meetings of the Council of Heads of State, the Council of Heads of Government (Prime Ministers) and the Council of Foreign Ministers. National focal points are appointed by each Member State in accordance with its internal rules and procedures.

The Council meets at least three times a year. The Council is presided over by the national coordinator of the member state of the Organization on whose territory the next meeting of the Council of Heads of State will be held, for the period starting from the date of completion of the last regular meeting of the Council of Heads of State and ending with the date of the next meeting of the Council of Heads of State.

The Chairman of the Council of National Coordinators, on behalf of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, may represent the Organization when carrying out external contacts in accordance with the Regulations on the procedure for the work of the Council of National Coordinators.

The regional anti-terrorist structure of the member states of the Shanghai Convention on Combating Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism of June 15, 2001, located in the city of Bishkek, is a permanent body of the SCO.

Its main tasks and functions, principles of formation and financing, as well as the procedure for operating are regulated by a separate international treaty concluded between the member states and other necessary documents adopted by them.

If necessary, the Council of Heads of SCO Member States may establish RATS branches in the territories of the Parties. The status of the RATS branch and the persons working in it is determined by an agreement between the SCO and the government of the host state.

RATS is intended to facilitate coordination and interaction between the competent authorities of the Parties in the fight against terrorism, separatism and extremism.

In its activities, RATS is guided by documents and decisions related to the fight against terrorism, separatism and extremism adopted within the SCO. RATS interacts with the competent authorities of the Parties, including the exchange of information, and prepares relevant materials at the request of other SCO bodies.

The bodies of RATS are the RATS Council and the Executive Committee. The Council may create necessary subsidiary bodies. The Council consists of states that are members of the SCO. It is organized in such a way that it can function continuously. For this purpose, each Party must be permanently represented at the seat of the RATS. The Council makes binding decisions on all matters of substance, including financial questions. The Council provides annual reports on the activities of RATS to the Council of Heads of SCO Member States. A decision in the Council on any issue is considered adopted if none of the Parties objected to it.

RATS has the status legal entity and has the right:

Conclude contracts;

Acquire and dispose of movable and immovable property;

Open and maintain bank accounts in any currency;

Initiate lawsuits in courts and participate in legal proceedings.

These rights are exercised on behalf of RATS by the Director of the RATS Executive Committee.

RATS activities are financed from the SCO budget. The procedure for financing RATS is determined by documents regulating the SCO budget.

The main tasks and functions of RATS are:

2) assistance to the competent authorities of the Parties in the fight against terrorism, separatism and extremism;

3) collection and analysis of information received by the RATS from the Parties on issues of combating terrorism, separatism and extremism;

4) provision of information upon requests from the competent authorities of the Parties;

5) assistance in the preparation and conduct of anti-terrorist command post and operational tactical exercises;

6) assistance in the preparation and conduct of operational search and other activities to combat terrorism, separatism and extremism;

7) assistance in carrying out an international search for persons who allegedly committed these acts, with a view to bringing them to criminal responsibility;

8) participation in the preparation of international legal documents affecting the fight against terrorism, separatism and extremism;

9) assistance in training specialists and instructors for anti-terrorist units;

10) participation in the preparation and conduct scientific and practical conferences, seminars, assistance in the exchange of experience on issues of combating terrorism, separatism and extremism;

11) establishing and maintaining working contacts with international organizations involved in the fight against terrorism, separatism and extremism.

The Executive Committee consists of the Director and such personnel as may be required to ensure the smooth functioning of the RATS. The structure of the Executive Committee, as well as its staffing table approved by the Council of Heads of Government of the SCO member states based on the Director's proposals approved by the Council.

Official languages RATS are Russian and Chinese, the working language is Russian.

The Secretariat is a permanent administrative body of the SCO. It provides organizational and technical support for events held within the SCO and prepares proposals for the annual budget of the Organization.

The Secretariat is headed by the Executive Secretary, who is approved by the Council of Heads of State on the proposal of the Council of Foreign Ministers.

The Executive Secretary is appointed from among the citizens of the Member States on a rotational basis in order of the Russian alphabet of the names of the Member States for a period of three years without the right of extension for the next term.

Deputy Executive Secretaries are approved by the Council of Foreign Ministers on the recommendation of the Council of National Coordinators. They cannot be representatives of the state from which the Executive Secretary is appointed. Officials of the Secretariat are recruited from among citizens of Member States on a quota basis.

When performing official duties The executive secretary, his deputies and other officials of the secretariat shall not seek or receive instructions from any member state or government, organization or individual. They must refrain from any actions that could affect their position as international officials responsible only to the SCO.

Member States undertake to respect international character duties of the Executive Secretary, his deputies and Secretariat staff and not to influence them in the performance of their official duties.

It follows that this structure is supranational in nature.

The location of the SCO Secretariat is the city of Beijing.

Thus, the SCO institutions are supranational and independent of national governments.

The SCO has its own budget, which is formed and executed in accordance with a special agreement between the member states. This agreement also determines the amount of contributions that Member States make annually to the Organization's budget on a cost-sharing basis.

Amounts of SCO member states' contributions to the Organization's budget:

Republic of Kazakhstan – 20%;

Republic of Uzbekistan – 15%;

Republic of Tajikistan – 6%;

Kyrgyz Republic – 12%;

People's Republic of China - 23.5%;

Russian Federation – 23.5%.

The Organization's budget is drawn up for a period of one calendar year, which is also a financial year, and is approved by the Council of Heads of Government.

The Organization's budget covers all estimated revenues and planned expenses for the financial year to which they relate, and is formed in US dollars. Annual fees and advances are assessed and paid in US dollars.

Amounts payable towards shared (assessed) contributions are transferred to a bank determined by the Executive Secretary in agreement with the Council of National Coordinators. Assessments are due and payable in full within thirty days of receipt of notification of contributions due from the Executive Secretary or by the first day calendar year.

The amounts of accrued annual contributions not paid by a Member State are the debt of that State to the Organization, subject to mandatory repayment.

The depositary of this Agreement is the People's Republic of China.

Budget funds are used to finance permanent SCO bodies in accordance with the above-mentioned agreement. Member states independently bear the costs associated with the participation of their representatives and experts in the activities of the Organization.

The SCO is open to admitting other states in the region as members, which undertake to comply with the goals and principles of the Charter, as well as the provisions of other international treaties and documents adopted within the SCO.

The decision on the admission of new members to the SCO is made by the Council of Heads of State upon the proposal of the Council of Foreign Ministers on the basis of an official application from the interested state sent to the current Chairman of the Council of Foreign Ministers.

Any member state has the right to withdraw from the SCO by sending an official notification of withdrawal from the Charter to the depositary no later than 12 months before the date of withdrawal. The obligations that arose during the period of participation in the Charter and other documents adopted within the SCO bind the relevant states until they are fully implemented.

Decisions in the SCO bodies are made by agreement without voting and are considered adopted if none of the member states objected to them during the approval process (consensus), with the exception of decisions on suspension of membership or expulsion from the Organization, which are made according to the “consensus” principle minus one vote of the Member State concerned.”

This principle of coordination allows us to resolve only minor issues, while a truly complex problem most often fails to be resolved due to the different positions of the parties. In particular, the SCO never recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

Any member state can express its point of view on certain aspects or specific issues of decisions taken, which is not an obstacle to making a decision as a whole. This point of view is recorded in the minutes of the meeting.

In cases of disinterest of one or more Member States in the implementation of certain cooperation projects of interest to other Member States, the non-participation in them of these Member States does not prevent the implementation of such cooperation projects by interested Member States and, at the same time, does not prevent the said States -members to join in the implementation of such projects in the future.

In this regard, the countries that are members of the SCO practically do not bind themselves to strict obligations, which means how integration association The SCO is still quite weak. On the other hand, cooperation in the SCO can develop in certain areas on a bilateral or multilateral basis.

Decisions of SCO bodies are executed by member states in accordance with procedures determined by their national legislation. It follows that decisions made in the SCO may change in practice due to their dependence on national legislation. Thus, national legislation is primary in relation to the obligations of the Parties adopted within the SCO.

Monitoring the fulfillment of the obligations of the member states to implement this Charter, other treaties in force within the SCO and the decisions of its bodies is carried out by the SCO bodies within their competence. Consequently, there is no single regulatory authority.

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The main goals of the SCO include: strengthening mutual trust and good neighborliness between member countries; promoting their effective cooperation in political, trade, economic, scientific, technical and cultural fields, as well as in the field of education, energy, transport, tourism, defense environment and others; jointly ensuring and maintaining peace, security and stability in the region; progress towards the creation of a democratic, fair and rational new international political and economic order.

The observer states of the SCO are India, Mongolia, Pakistan and Iran.

At the SCO summit in Dushanbe on August 28, 2008, the Regulations on the status of the SCO dialogue partner were approved. Partner status is granted to a state or organization that shares the goals and principles of the SCO and wishes to establish relations of equal, mutually beneficial partnership with the Organization; or cooperating with the SCO in certain areas of activity.

Currently, Belarus and Sri Lanka have the status of dialogue partners.

The total area of the SCO member states is about 30.189 million square kilometers, which is 3/5 of the area of Eurasia, and the population is 1.5 billion people, which is 1/4 of the total population globe.

Your story Shanghai organization has been collaborating since 1996. On April 26, 1996, the heads of Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan met in Shanghai with the aim of developing a common position on the entire range of problems of regional cooperation, as well as strengthening confidence-building measures in military field. As a result of the forum, the “Agreement on Confidence Building Measures in the Military Field in the Joint Border Area” was signed.

In 1996–2000, the leaders of these countries (the “Shanghai Five”) met alternately in Shanghai, Moscow, Alma-Ata, Bishkek and Dushanbe. The Dushanbe meeting in 2000 marked the completion of the first round of meetings of the heads of state of the Shanghai Five.

On the basis of agreements on confidence-building in the military field and on the mutual reduction of armed forces in the border area, concluded between Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia and Tajikistan, respectively, in 1996 and 1997, the SCO was formed.

At a meeting of the heads of five states on June 15, 2001 in Shanghai, the leaders of the Shanghai Five accepted Uzbekistan into their ranks. On the same day, a declaration on the creation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) was signed.

At the summit in St. Petersburg on June 7, 2002, the SCO Charter was adopted (came into force on September 19, 2003) - the basic statutory document fixing the goals, principles, structure and main directions of the Organization’s activities.

At the next SCO summit, held from May 28 to 29, 2003 in Moscow, it was completed documenting organization: the Declaration of the Heads of SCO member states was signed, approving a set of documents regulating the operation of the SCO statutory bodies and its financial mechanism.

An important step in strengthening the legal framework of the association was the signing in Bishkek on August 16, 2007 of the Agreement on Long-Term Good Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation.

The highest decision-making body in the SCO is the Council of Heads of Member States (CHS). It meets once a year and makes decisions and instructions on all important issues of the organization.

The Council of Heads of Government of the SCO Member States (CHG) meets once a year to discuss the strategy of multilateral cooperation and priority areas within the organization, resolve fundamental and pressing issues of economic and other cooperation, and also approves the annual budget of the organization.

In addition to the meetings of the CHS and the CST, there is also a mechanism for meetings at the level of heads of parliaments, secretaries of security councils, ministers of foreign affairs, defense, emergency situations, economics, transport, culture, education, health, heads of law enforcement agencies, supreme and arbitration courts, and prosecutors general. The coordination mechanism within the SCO is the Council of National Coordinators of the SCO Member States (SNK). The organization has two permanent bodies - the Secretariat in Beijing under the leadership of the Secretary General and the Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorism Structure in Tashkent, headed by the Director.

The Secretary General and the Director of the Executive Committee are appointed by the Council of Heads of State for a period of three years. Since January 1, 2010, these posts have been respectively occupied by Muratbek Imanaliev (Kyrgyzstan) and Dzhenisbek Jumanbekov (Kazakhstan).

The symbols of the SCO include a white flag with the organization's coat of arms in the center. The coat of arms depicts two laurel wreaths on the sides and a symbolic image in the center Eastern Hemisphere land with the outlines of the earth's landmass, which is occupied by the "six", above and below - the inscription in Chinese and Russian: "Shanghai Cooperation Organization".

The official working languages are Russian and Chinese. The headquarters is located in Beijing (China).

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is a permanent intergovernmental international organization, the creation of which was announced on June 15, 2001 in Shanghai (PRC). The members of the SCO are Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. The total area of the SCO member states is 30 million km 2 (3/5 of the area of Eurasia), and the population is 1.5 billion people (1/4 of the total population of the globe).

The history of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which was originally called the “Shanghai Five,” dates back to 1996, when in Shanghai the heads of Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan signed the “Agreement on Confidence Building Measures in the Military Field in the Joint Border Area.” In 1997, in Moscow, the countries signed the “Agreement on the mutual reduction of armed forces in the border area.” These two documents laid down a mechanism of mutual trust in the military field in border areas and contributed to the establishment of truly partnership relations. After the inclusion of Uzbekistan in the organization in 2001, the “five” countries became the “six” and were renamed the SCO.

In June 2002, at the St. Petersburg summit of the heads of state of the SCO, the Charter of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization was signed, which entered into force on September 19, 2003. This is the basic statutory document fixing the goals and principles of the Organization, its structure and main areas of activity.

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which some experts say was born out of great power competition for multilateral security, economic and cultural cooperation, was initially conceived as a means of demilitarizing the border between Russia and China and establishing a security zone along it. Four of the five original members of the Organization, that is, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, had only minor border disputes. Having concluded bilateral and multilateral agreements in this area, they were able to resolve almost all their problems. The only one difficult moment for these states was a long border with China, but membership in the SCO created for them guarantees of adequate actions on the part of a strong neighbor.

Another goal of the Organization was cooperation in the field of security and to eliminate threats from extremists and terrorists in the Central Asian region. All six main members of the SCO, in one form or another, confront the threat of extremism and its possible consequences in the form of separatism and terrorism.

Another important task of the Shanghai Organization is to create conditions for the development of economic partnership in the region. Through bilateral and multilateral cooperation, its members increase their trade turnover and mutual investments, while developing industrial and economic partnerships.

The highest decision-making body in the SCO is the Council of Heads of Member States (CHS), which meets once a year.

On September 11–12, 2014, meetings of the Council of Heads of State of the SCO members were held in Dushanbe (Tajikistan). Participants discussed issues international security, ways of peaceful resolution of conflicts in Afghanistan, the Middle East and North Africa, the organization’s development strategy until 2025, preparations for the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the victory over fascism and other important topics. Following the summit, the heads of Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan signed a package of documents, including the Dushanbe Declaration.

The heads of state reviewed current issues international and regional security. It was emphasized that terrorism, separatism, extremism, illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors, cross-border organized crime and cyber threats are still factors influencing Negative influence on security and stability in the SCO region. They expressed readiness to continue close cooperation in the fight against these challenges and threats.

At the same time, special attention was paid to the interaction of the SCO member states at the UN, where the closeness or coincidence of views of the SCO member states on current issues on the international agenda is manifested, which is also reflected in the text of the Dushanbe Declaration of Heads of State. The member states support the development within the UN of universal rules, principles and norms for responsible behavior of states in the information space and will continue to jointly promote the draft “Rules of Conduct in the Field of International Information Security”, circulated on behalf of the SCO member states as official document UN.

Authorized representatives of the SCO member states signed an intergovernmental Agreement on creating favorable conditions for international road transport, which will promote the development of trade and economic cooperation between countries in the region.

It was recognized as necessary to strengthen the dialogue and expand financial and banking cooperation in order to promote economic development all SCO member states, deepening regional trade and economic ties, as well as increasing the role of the region in the world economy.

The importance of the ongoing work to study the creation of the SCO Development Fund (Special Account) and the SCO Development Bank was noted and it was instructed to continue efforts to complete it as quickly as possible.

The main result of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit was the adoption of documents that open up opportunities for further expansion of the bloc.

The SCO chairmanship passes to Russia, which intends to magnificently celebrate the 70th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War Patriotic War, admit India and Pakistan to the organization of “irreconcilable friends” and hold a summit in Ufa next summer.

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is a regional international organization founded in 2001 by the leaders of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. With the exception of Uzbekistan, the rest of the countries were members of the Shanghai Five, founded as a result of the signing in 1996-1997. agreements between Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia and Tajikistan on strengthening confidence in the military field and on the mutual reduction of armed forces in the border area. After the inclusion of Uzbekistan in 2001, the participants renamed the organization.

The total territory of the SCO countries is 30 million km², that is, 60% of the territory of Eurasia. Its total demographic potential is a quarter of the planet’s population (the total population of the countries participating in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: 1 billion 455 million people), and if we take into account the population of India and other observer countries, then the number of residents of countries directly related to The SCO will be slightly smaller than the entire world population, and the economic potential includes the most powerful Chinese economy after the United States.

One of the features of the SCO is that, in terms of status, it is neither a military bloc, like NATO, nor an open regular security meeting, like the ASEAN ARF, occupying an intermediate position. The main objectives of the organization are to strengthen stability and security in a wide area uniting member states, combat terrorism, separatism, extremism, drug trafficking, develop economic cooperation, energy partnership, scientific and cultural interaction.

Article 15 of the Charter determines the legal capacity of the organization. SCO as a subject international law has international legal capacity. It enjoys in the territory of each Member State such legal capacity as is necessary for the implementation of its goals and objectives.

The SCO enjoys the rights of a legal entity and can, in particular:

- conclude contracts;
- acquire movable and immovable property and dispose of it;
- act in courts as a plaintiff or defendant;
- open accounts and make transactions with funds.

Decisions in the SCO bodies are made by agreement without voting and are considered adopted if none of the member states objected to them during the approval process (consensus), with the exception of decisions on suspension of membership or expulsion from the Organization, which are made on the basis of the “consensus” principle minus one vote of the Member State concerned."

Any member state can express its point of view on certain aspects and/or specific issues of decisions taken, which is not an obstacle to making a decision as a whole. This point of view is recorded in the minutes of the meeting.

Decisions of SCO bodies are executed by member states in accordance with procedures determined by their national legislation (Article 17 of the Charter).

Monitoring the fulfillment of the obligations of member states to implement the Charter, other treaties in force within the SCO and decisions of its bodies is carried out by SCO bodies within the limits of their competence.

Member states, in accordance with their internal rules and procedures, appoint their permanent representatives to the SCO Secretariat, who are part of the diplomatic staff of the embassies of the member states in Beijing.

The SCO and its officials enjoy privileges and immunities in the territories of all member states that are necessary to perform the functions and achieve the goals of the Organization.

The scope of privileges and immunities of the SCO and its officials is determined by a separate international treaty.

The official and working languages of the SCO are Russian and Chinese.

To fulfill the goals and objectives of the SCO Charter, the following are in place within the Organization:

· Council of Heads of State;
· Council of Heads of Government (Prime Ministers);
· Council of Foreign Ministers;
· Meetings of heads of ministries and/or departments;
· Council of National Coordinators;
· Regional anti-terrorist structure;
· Secretariat.

The Council of Heads of State may decide to create other SCO bodies. The creation of new bodies is formalized in the form of additional protocols, which come into force in the manner prescribed by Article 21 of the Charter.

The Council of Heads of State is the highest body of the SCO. It determines priorities and develops the main directions of the Organization’s activities, resolves fundamental issues of its internal structure and functioning, interaction with other states and international organizations, and also considers the most pressing international problems.

The Council meets for regular meetings once a year. The chairmanship at a meeting of the Council of Heads of State is carried out by the head of state - the organizer of the next meeting. The location of the next meeting of the Council is determined, as a rule, in the order of the Russian alphabet of the names of the SCO member states.

The Council of Heads of Government (Prime Ministers) adopts the Organization's budget, considers and resolves major issues related to specific, especially economic, areas of development of interaction within the Organization.

The Council meets for regular meetings once a year. The Council meeting is chaired by the head of government (Prime Minister) of the state in whose territory the meeting is being held.

The location of the next meeting of the Council is determined by prior agreement of the heads of government (prime ministers) of the member states.

The Council is presided over by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the member state of the Organization on whose territory the next meeting of the Council of Heads of State is held, for the period starting from the date of completion of the last regular meeting of the Council of Heads of State and ending with the date of the next meeting of the Council of Heads of State.

In accordance with the decisions of the Council of Heads of State and the Council of Heads of Government (Prime Ministers), heads of line ministries and/or departments of member states regularly hold meetings to consider specific issues of developing interaction in relevant areas within the SCO.

The chairmanship is carried out by the head of the relevant ministry and/or department of the state organizing the meeting. The place and time of the meeting are agreed upon in advance.

To prepare and conduct meetings, by prior agreement of the member states, working groups of experts can be created on a permanent or temporary basis, which carry out their activities in accordance with the work regulations approved at meetings of heads of ministries and/or departments. These groups are formed from representatives of ministries and/or departments of member states.

The Council meets at least three times a year. The Council is presided over by the national coordinator of the member state of the Organization, on whose territory the next meeting of the Council of Heads of State will be held, for the period starting from the date of completion of the last regular meeting of the Council of Heads of State and ending with the date of the next meeting of the Council of Heads of State.

The Chairman of the Council of National Coordinators, on behalf of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, may represent the Organization in carrying out external contacts in accordance with the Regulations on the procedure for the work of the Council of National Coordinators.

The regional anti-terrorist structure of the member states of the Shanghai Convention on Combating Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism of June 15, 2001, located in the city of Tashkent (Republic of Uzbekistan), is a permanent body of the SCO.

The Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) is a permanent body of the SCO with headquarters in Tashkent, designed to facilitate coordination and interaction between the competent authorities of the parties in the fight against terrorism, extremism and separatism. It has the status of a legal entity and the right to enter into contracts, acquire and dispose of movable and immovable property, open and maintain bank accounts, initiate lawsuits in courts and participate in legal proceedings. These rights are exercised on behalf of RATS by the Director of the RATS Executive Committee. The main functions of this body are to coordinate the efforts of all SCO member states in the fight against terrorism, separatism and extremism - development of proposals to combat terrorism, collection and analysis of information, formation of a data bank on individuals and organizations providing support to criminals, assistance in training and carrying out operational search and other activities to combat these phenomena, maintaining contacts with international organizations. RATS consists of a Council and an Executive Committee (a permanent body). The Council, which includes the heads of the competent authorities of the countries of the Organization, represents governing body decision maker. The Chairman of the RATS Executive Committee is appointed by the Council of Heads of State.

The Secretariat is the main permanent executive body of the SCO and carries out coordination, information, analytical, legal, organizational and technical support for the activities of the Organization, develops proposals for the development of cooperation within the SCO and international relations Organizations, monitors the implementation of decisions of SCO bodies.

The Secretariat is headed Secretary General, which is approved by the Council of Heads of State on the proposal of the Council of Foreign Ministers.

The Secretary General is appointed from among the citizens of the member states on a rotational basis in order of the Russian alphabet of the names of the member states for a period of three years without the right of extension for the next term. From January 1, 2010 - representative of Kyrgyzstan M.S. Imanaliev.

Deputies Secretary General approved by the Council of Foreign Ministers on the proposal of the Council of National Coordinators. They cannot be representatives of the state from which the Executive Secretary is appointed.

Officials of the Secretariat are recruited from among citizens of Member States on a quota basis.

In the performance of official duties, the Secretary General, his deputies and other officials of the Secretariat shall not seek or receive instructions from any Member State and/or government, organization or individual. They must refrain from any actions that could affect their position as international officials responsible only to the SCO.

Member States undertake to respect the international nature of the duties of the Secretary General, his deputies and the staff of the Secretariat and not to influence them in the performance of their official duties.

The location of the SCO Secretariat is Beijing (People's Republic of China).

Until 2006, there was no post of Secretary General; instead, there was the institution of an executive secretary, who formally could only act on behalf of the SCO Secretariat. There is an opinion that it is necessary to restructure the SCO Secretariat into a more independent executive body, due to its lack of this moment sufficient rights and funding. While in the UN, NATO, CSTO and other organizations the executive bodies are relatively independent and, therefore, are able to develop the agenda of their organizations themselves, come up with initiatives and even promote the adoption of their initiative proposals by the leadership of member states, the SCO Secretariat does not really lead organizational work, which, in fact, is carried out by the Council of National Coordinators. As a result, Secretariat staff must coordinate any question with the national coordinator of the country that sent it, and he with the national coordinators of other countries. This does not contribute to the creation of institutional ethics in the Secretariat. It turns out that, in essence, the SCO Secretariat is not an independent body international organization, but a team consisting of national representatives.

The SCO has its own budget, which is formed and executed in accordance with a special Agreement between the member states. This Agreement also determines the amount of contributions that Member States make annually to the Organization's budget on a cost-sharing basis.

Budget funds are used to finance permanent SCO bodies in accordance with the above-mentioned Agreement. Member states independently bear the costs associated with the participation of their representatives and experts in the activities of the Organization.

Decisions in the SCO bodies are made by consensus. The operating procedures of all bodies of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization were finally developed and adopted in 2003, at the Moscow summit. The main structures of the organization began work in January 2004, after which this association functions as a full-fledged international organization.

Thus, at the time of writing the work, the members of the organization are Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan.

Observer states - India, Iran, Mongolia, Pakistan.

Dialogue partners - Belarus, Sri Lanka.

Those who received invitations to the summits of the heads of state of the SCO - Afghanistan, CIS, ASEAN, UN, EurAsEC, USA.

The Council of Heads of State may decide to create other SCO bodies. The creation of new bodies is formalized in the form of additional protocols to the Charter of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which come into force in the manner established by Article 21 of the SCO Charter.

Decision making procedure

Execution of decisions

Decisions of SCO bodies are executed by member states in accordance with procedures determined by their national legislation.

Monitoring the fulfillment of the obligations of the member states to implement this Charter, other treaties in force within the SCO and decisions of its bodies is carried out by the SCO bodies within their competence.

Non-governmental structures of the SCO

Two non-governmental structures also operate within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: the SCO Business Council and the SCO Interbank Association.

SCO Business Council

The Business Council of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO BC) was established on June 14, 2006 in Shanghai (China) by national parts of the council from the Republic of Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan. Documents regulating the activities of the SCO BC and its permanent secretariat, which is located in Moscow, were also approved.

The SCO BC was created in accordance with the decision of the SCO Council of Heads of State. It is a non-governmental structure that brings together the most authoritative representatives of the business community of the SCO member states with the aim of expanding economic cooperation within the organization, establishing direct connections and dialogue between the business and financial circles of the SCO countries, promoting the practical promotion of multilateral projects identified by the heads of government in the “Program trade and economic cooperation."

The highest body of the SCO Business Council is the annual session, which determines priorities and develops the main directions of its activities, and resolves the most important issues of relations with business associations of other states.

The SCO DS is an independent structure capable of accepting advisory decisions and give expert assessments on promising areas of connecting representatives of the business community of the SCO member states to trade, economic and investment interaction within the organization.

A special feature of the SCO DS is that among the priority areas of interstate cooperation, along with energy, transport, telecommunications, credit and banking, the council highlights the interaction of the SCO countries in the fields of education, science and innovative technologies, healthcare and agriculture.

Based on the dynamism and interest of the business community, the SCO BC works closely with ministries and departments of the economic bloc of governments, without in any way replacing their work.

During Shanghai summit in June 2006, the heads of state emphasized the importance of the creation of the SCO Business Council for the further development of the organization and expressed confidence that it would become an effective mechanism for promoting business partnerships throughout the SCO.

In 2006, special working groups were formed responsible for developing cooperation in the fields of healthcare and education, as well as interaction within the framework of the creation of the SCO Energy Club.

Currently, a special working group on healthcare is selecting projects to create a structure within the SCO similar to World Organization health care (working name - WHO SCO), which would work to improve medical care in the organization's member states, develop preventive healthcare, and meet the population's needs for high-tech types of medical care.

The main projects considered are to provide assistance to the population through:

— compulsory and voluntary medical insurance;

— liquidation and overcoming the consequences of emergency situations (through the creation of a joint Center for Disaster Medicine);

— prevention of spread infectious diseases(bird flu, SARS) and tuberculosis;

— implementation of a special high-tech program “Telemedicine” for the population of hard-to-reach and remote areas;

— creation of a system of paramedic and obstetric stations (FAP);

— creation of recreational areas and balneological resorts on the territory of the SCO member states, primarily in Russia, Kazakhstan, China and Kyrgyzstan.

In the field of education, the relevant working group is considering a formation program within the framework of existing national universities a kind of control platform for coordinating the efforts of groups of universities in each of the SCO countries to train students and retrain specialists for various sectors of the economy. The development of cooperation in this area will contribute to mutual understanding and cultural and humanitarian interaction, further modernization of the branches of science and education of the member states.

In order to stimulate effective business ties within the SCO and contribute to achieving economic tasks August 16, 2007 Business Council SCO and Interbank Association SCO signed a cooperation agreement.

The activities of the SCO BC are one of the components of the work of government structures of the organization’s countries in the implementation of the List of measures for further development project activities within the framework of the SCO for the period 2012-2016, defining priority areas of economic cooperation for the coming decade.

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