Learn cases with prepositions. Where does u-do-ot live or How to teach children to remember case prepositions and write correctly unstressed case endings of nouns

The six cases of the Russian language often cause difficulties for schoolchildren when studying. It can be difficult to remember the sequence of cases, as well as the questions they answer. This is where funny rhymes and phrases come to the rescue, with which you can quickly remember this material. The images contained in short poems and sayings are so vivid that in most cases they are remembered for a lifetime.

Poems and sayings for memorizing cases

The most common version of a poem for memorizing cases sounds like this:

And van gave birth to a little girl, and ordered her to carry the diaper.

Each word in this poem begins with a letter that corresponds to one of the cases in the prescribed order. Ivan - nominative, Gave Birth - genitive, Girl - dative, Ordered - accusative, Drag - instrumental and Diaper - prepositional.

Usually this rhyme is remembered very easily, and children no longer have problems memorizing the sequence of cases.

There is another option:

And van R killed Drov, Vasilisa heated the stove.

This option is less memorable because it lacks rhyme, but it is considered more literary. For this reason, many teachers offer it to schoolchildren to memorize. There are slight differences in this saying, for example:

And Van R killed Drov, and ordered him to drag Pila.

There are options that are more difficult to remember, but preserve the sequence of cases:

Ivan was driving along the Road and met Comrade Pavel.

Ira is a hard-working girl, Vitya is also diligent.

Sorry, Parents, Children Forgive You Too.

Irina gave birth to a girl, Verochka, Fat and Pot-bellied.

You can come up with such a saying yourself. At the same time, you can use names and events that will be close and understandable to your child.

How to remember questions for cases

Each case must be associated with something so that a picture or story associated with its name appears in the mind. Then the questions for the case will be easy to remember.

Questions for the nominative case

The nominative case is very easy to remember: these are the usual questions “who?” So what?". In most cases it does not cause difficulties.

Questions for the genitive case

Genitive a little more complicated, but you can remember it once and for all. Imagine parents who gave their daughter a book to read and left. When they returned, they found neither their daughter nor the book. Parents ask the question: “no one?” - “daughters”, “is there anything?” - books. It turns out that my daughter ran away into the street with the book.

Questions for the dative case

The dative case is also easy to remember. Give it to whom? Give to what?

Questions for the accusative case

Accusative. Blame who? For example, my sister, they took her toys. Blame what? The rain for ruining my walk outside.

Questions for the instrumental case

Instrumental. Most often, to remember this case, the word “proud” is used - “of whom?”, “of what?”. But you can also use the word “I create” - “with what?”. Usually we create with pencils, paints, and tools.

Questions for the prepositional case

The prepositional case can be remembered as follows. I suggest you think about “who?”, “what?”. I suggest you think about the weather, about friends, about a new task.

If we summarize all the above information, we can create the following table of cases:

Conclusion

The main thing when studying cases is not to put pressure on the child, but to try to explain to him the rules in game form. Funny poems and sayings are best suited for these purposes. Reducing stress levels during learning leads to improved memory and makes it easier to remember material.

By doing homework You can help your child learn the material through personal associations, coming up with test sentences and formulating questions with him. The test phrases that the child comes up with on his own will be best remembered. The element of play when completing tasks will further develop the creative sphere of thinking.

There are not many cases in the Russian language - only six. But ignorance of them can create many problems: incorrect expression thoughts and gross mistakes while writing. Often, schoolchildren have difficulty learning cases and, as a result, confuse them. With competent help, the child will be able to cope with them in one or two minutes. And our article will tell you what is needed for this.

How can parents correctly help their child master cases?

So, what needs to be done to explain this section of the Russian language:

1. Show with an example the importance of cases.

To begin with, the child needs to realize that there is no way to do without these incomprehensible cases. Come up with a phrase that will have errors in cases. For example: “The boy Misha and I will go to the store for candy.” There is a high probability that the student will immediately understand where the dog is buried and will tell what the mistakes are. Great, the first stage of training was successful!

1. The game will help you remember the names of the cases.

How many of you don’t know the verse: “Ivan Gave Birth to a Girl, Ordered to Drag the Diaper.” Learn this phrase with your child, explaining that the first letter of each word is the beginning of the name of the case. Now repeat their names. Invite your child to name the cases himself using a hint verse.

1. Key questions.

Here you will have to sweat a little longer. An analysis of the meaning of each case will help make the task easier. For example, Nominative is formed from the word “name”. That is, he names everything that we see around: people, houses, animals, sweets, etc. And since we have animate and inanimate words, then, accordingly, he can answer the question “who?” or “what?” Or Accusative case - formed from the word “guilt”. That is, he is called upon to accuse. And you can blame someone or something. Hence the corresponding questions: “who?” So what?".

It is very important to explain to the student the difference between the Genitive case and the Accusative case, because the first question is “who?” they have the same. The fact is that most often, the Genitive case denotes parts of an object (a glass of sugar) or a comparison (above a mushroom, below a tree). As for the Accusative, it is used to denote space and time (see a mountain), as well as the connection of actions with objects (sell a bicycle).

1. Each case needs an example, or better yet, more than one.

Together with your child, come up with phrases that would most successfully demonstrate this or that case in action. For example: “I am unhappy with the cat who dropped the flowerpot” (“by whom?” - Instrumental case); “I decided to give my favorite candy to Masha” (“to whom?” - Dative case), etc.

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In third grade, students are introduced to the concept of “case” and learn that nouns change according to case. Despite the fact that in school curriculum They study only 6 cases; for children, this topic is one of the most difficult topics to study in elementary school. Children will have to learn cases and case questions, learn to ask the right questions to correctly determine the case of a noun in the text. Why define case? In order to subsequently write the endings of words correctly based on the case and declension of the noun.

Case- This fickle a sign of nouns, i.e. nouns change (decline) according to cases. Changing by case means changing nouns by question. There are six cases in Russian. Each case has its own name and answers a specific question. When a word changes by case, its ending changes.

Cases clarify the role of nouns and their relationship with other words in a sentence.

List of cases

Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Instrumental
Prepositional

Dry names of cases are very difficult for a child to remember. He needs associations. Therefore, a child’s acquaintance with cases can begin with a fairy tale.

Tale about cases

Once upon a time there lived Case.
He had not yet been born, but they were already thinking about what name to give him and decided to call him Nominative.
Born - became Parent. He liked this name even more.
He was a baby, he was given food and toys, and he became Dative.
But he was a big mischief-maker, they blamed him for all sorts of tricks, and he became accusative.
Then he grew up, began to do good deeds, and they called him Creative.
He began to offer his help to everyone, soon everyone started talking about him and now called him Prepositional.
That’s exactly what they said when they remembered him, they even sang a song:
Nominative, Genitive,
Dative, Accusative,
Creative, Prepositional.

To remember the order of cases, use the mnemonic phrase:

Ivan Gave Birth to a Baby Girl, Ordered to Carry the Diaper.

Table of cases of the Russian language

Please note that in almost all cases you can remember the reference word by the first letters.

Genitive - parents
Dative - gave
Accusative - I see, I blame
Creative - I create

Prepositions of cases and semantic questions

Nominative case - no prepositions. Semantic questions: who? What?

Genitive case: at, from, to, for, from, without, after, about (y), near (y), against, from under, because of. Prepositions that coincide with prepositions of other cases: p. Semantic questions: where? where? whose? whose? whose?

Dative case: to, by. Semantic questions: where? How?

Accusative case: about, through. Prepositions that coincide with prepositions of other cases - in, in, on, for. Semantic questions: where? Where?

Instrumental case: above, between, before. Prepositions that coincide with prepositions of other cases - under, for, with. Semantic questions: where? How?

Prepositional case: about, about, at. Prepositions that coincide with prepositions of other cases - in, in, on. Semantic questions: where?

Cases are divided into direct and indirect

Direct case– this is nominative. In a sentence, only a noun in the nominative case can be the subject.

Indirect cases– all others except the nominative. In a sentence, words in indirect cases are secondary members of the sentence.

To correctly determine the case of a noun, you must:

1. Find in the sentence the word to which the noun refers, pose a question from it;
2. Based on the question and preposition (if there is one), find out the case.

Seagulls circled above the waves. Circling (over what?) above the waves (etc.)

There is a technique that allows you to accurately determine the case only by questions asked. Let's formulate both questions. If we have an inanimate noun, replace it in the sentence with a suitable animate one and pose a question. For two questions we accurately determine the case.

I caught (who?) the cat. Replace the cat with inanimate object: I caught (what?) a feather. Whom? What? - Accusative.

I couldn't reach (who?) the cat. Replace with inanimate: I couldn’t reach (what?) the branch. Whom? What? - Genitive

To correctly determine the case ending of a noun, you need to determine its case and declension.

Detailed table of cases and case endings of nouns of 1st, 2nd, 3rd declension

How to distinguish cases in words with the same endings, forms or prepositions

How to distinguish the nominative and accusative cases:

A noun in the nominative case is the subject of a sentence and does not have a preposition. And the noun in the accusative case is minor member sentences, maybe with or without a preposition.

Mom (I. p.) puts cucumbers (V. p.) in the salad (V. p.).

How to distinguish the genitive and accusative cases:

If the questions in R. p. and V. p. (whom?) coincide, the cases are distinguished by the endings of the words: in R. p. the endings are –a (ya) / -ы (и). In V. p. the endings are –у (у).

Paw (who?) of a marten - R.p. / I see (who?) a marten - V. p.

If both questions and endings coincide, it is necessary to substitute any feminine word with the ending –a(ya) – instead of the words. Then in R. p. the ending will be -у(и), and in V. p. the ending will be -у(у).

The paw of (who?) a bear - I see (who?) a bear.

We check:

Paw of (who?) (fox) bear - R. p. - I see (who?) (fox) bear - V. p.

How to distinguish the genitive and instrumental cases with the preposition “with”:

If the preposition “s” coincides in R. p. and Tv. etc. distinguish them by case and semantic questions (from where? in R. p. and with what? in Tv. p.) and the endings of words in these cases.

Picked up (from where?) from the ground - R. p. / picked up a box (with what?) with earth - V. p.

How to distinguish the dative and genitive cases, which are the same in pronunciation:

A word without a preposition in D. p. will coincide in pronunciation with the word in R. p. (their endings in writing are different). To distinguish them, you need to understand the meaning of the phrase with this word.

D. p. - wrote a letter to grandmother Natasha [and] - grandmother’s name is Natasha

R. p. – wrote a letter to Natasha’s grandmother [and] – this is Natasha’s grandmother

How to distinguish the dative and prepositional cases if they have the same endings and semantic questions:

In this case, you need to pay attention to the prepositions that are different in these cases.

D. p. - floats (where?) on the sea - prepositions to, by

P. p. – located (where?) in the sea – prepositions in, in, on

How to distinguish the instrumental and accusative cases when semantic questions and prepositions coincide:

In case of coincidence of semantic questions and prepositions in TV. p. and v. p. you need to focus on case questions and endings.

TV p. – hid (where?, behind what?) behind the chest of drawers

V.p. – hid (where?, for what?) behind the chest of drawers

How to distinguish the accusative and prepositional cases when prepositions coincide:

If the prepositions of V. p. and P. p. coincide, it is necessary to focus on questions.

V. p. - ascended (where?, on what?) onto the pedestal

P. p. – stood (where?, on what?) on a pedestal

Poems about cases

I am Nominative case,
And I don’t have other people’s clothes on me.
Everyone recognizes me easily
And the subjects are called.
I don’t like prepositions since childhood,
I can't stand being around you.
My questions are WHO? So what?
No one will confuse it with anything.

And I case Genitive
My character is sociable.
WHOM? WHAT? And here I am!
Prepositions are often my friends.
Prepositions are often my friends.
I look like an accusative
I happen sometimes
But in the text you will discern
Always two cases.

I am called Dative,
I work diligently.
WHOM should I give it to? Call for what?
Only I can say.

And I am Accusative case,
And I blame it all on the ignorant.
But I love excellent students,
I catch “fives” for them.
Who to call, what to play,
I'm ready to give the guys some advice.
Don't mind making friends with pretexts,
But I can live without them.

And I am instrumental case
I am filled with all sorts of hopes.
Create! - How? Create! - With whom?
I'll tell you - no problem!

And I am the prepositional case,
My case is complicated.
I don't like light without excuses.
ABOUT WHOM? ABOUT WHAT? I told?
Oh yes, we need excuses
I have no way without them.
Then I can tell
What is the dream?

Nominative, genitive,
Dative, accusative,
Creative, prepositional...
It's difficult to remember them all.
Always keep in your memory
Names. These are cases.

Nominative

He is the beginning case,
Questions – WHO? So what?
It contains mom, dad, elephant, playpen,
Both school and coat.

Genitive

Questions: No WHO? WHAT?
I don't have a brother
And not a single hamster...
It's all mom's fault!

Dative

This is an apple, tell me
I will give it to WHOM? WHAT?
Maybe Lena? Or Vitya?
No, probably no one...

Accusative

Oh! The toys are a mess!
I don’t understand it myself:
Blame WHOM? So what?
A doll? Cubes? Lotto?

Instrumental

I want to compose songs.
WITH WHOM? WHAT should I use to study sheet music?
Write to me with a pen or pen,
Or colored pencil?

Prepositional

I'm thinking about WHO? ABOUT WHAT?
About school, about verbs.
Or rather, I'm thinking about
I'm so tired of school...

But now all cases
I have firmly memorized it.
Try teaching it that way too,
After all, knowledge is POWER!!!

Polak Frida

Nominative is you
picking flowers
and the genitive is for you
the trill and clicking of the nightingale.
If it's dative, it's all for you,
happiness named in fate,
then accusative... No, wait,
I'm not simple in grammar,
want new cases
Shall I offer you? - Offer!
- The countercase is the case,
the recognition case is
loving, affectionate,
kissing is the case.
But they are not the same -
expectant and languid,
parting and painful,
and jealous is a case.
I have a hundred thousand of them,
but in grammar there are only six!

Kirsanov Semyon

The nominative exclaimed:
- My birthday boy is THAT,
Which is amazing
Learns science!
“TOGO,” said the PARENT, “
I deny who
Can't live without parents
Put on your coat.
“THAT,” answered the DATIVE, “
I'll give you a bad name
Who hasn't loved diligently
Do the lessons yourself.
“TOGO,” said the ACCUSETIVE, “
I will blame
Who read the book expressively
Can't read.
- WITH THAT, - said CREATIVE, -
I'm just fine
Who is very respectful
Refers to work.
“ABOUT THAT,” said the PREPOSITIONAL, “
I'll offer a story
Who in life can do
Useful for us.

Tetivkin A.

Spring cases

Everything has awakened from sleep:
SPRING is moving around the world.

It's like we're blooming
Feeling the arrival of SPRING.

And I wanted to go out
Towards young SPRING.

I'll drown in green leaves
And I’ll blame SPRING for this.

Nature breathes only one
Unique SPRING.

A starling perched on a pine tree
Bawling songs ABOUT SPRING.

Tell others about it
And you will repeat the cases.

Klyuchkina N.

Genitive

I ran away from home
I walked until evening
I dived from a tree into a snowdrift,
I dreamed of living without lessons.
For the snowflake collection
I collected with my tongue.
Dancing around the fire
And he jumped around the yard.
Do I need to do homework?
I don't care about that!
Here I am standing at the blackboard
And I sigh with sadness.
But the genitive case
I won’t forget, even if I kill you. (T. Rick)

Dative

If I had names
Gave to cases
I would then be a giver
DATIVE named!
And how I daydream,
Dressing up as Santa Claus
And I bring gifts to everyone:
Brother, sister, dog.
And WHO else? WHAT?
Chick, horse, catfish,
Cat, hare, hippopotamus,
Crocodile and elephant!
I'm in a hurry to get to the locomotive,
I'm flying along the ground, rushing!
I'll deliver gifts to everyone
And then I’ll return home! (T. Rick)

Accusative

I am the accusative case,
I blame everyone everywhere.
There's no hope
That I won’t make a mistake.
Substitute the word “see”
And define me.
- “If you want to know a lot,
Hurry up and learn to read!”
To remember the ACCUSATIVE,
I learned... to fly!
How can I fly to the ceiling?
Yes, I’ll wave over the threshold,
I fly out the window,
I'm heading for the meadow.
I hate to blame
I will list everything.
WHAT will I see and WHOM -
I'll name one!
I see a river, I see a garden -
I name everything!
I see a cherry, I see a plum.
How beautiful it is all around!
They are building a club not far away,
Painting a boat on the sand...
That's enough, I'm going back to school,
I fly into class lightly. (T. Rick)

Instrumental case

To keep up with everyone,
Be considered smart
We need to understand everything now
In the CREATIVE case.
What is there to say for a long time?
So I decided... to create!
Pencil, took paper
And I painted the landscape.
I am an artist, I am a creator!
Wow, what a great guy I am!
The bush is blooming in front of the castle,
A snake lives under a snag,
A falcon flies over the road,
Behind the fence the horse neighs.
I create with a pencil
On its big leaf.
I decorated the view with difficulty
A forest, a cloud over a pond.
Come on, I'll turn over the leaf.
And I’ll start creating again.
My hero goes to war,
He wants to rule the country
Hit enemies with an arrow
Water them with resin from the tower.
Stop! Think with your head
Why go to war!
Better world finish the job!
I'll close my album (T. Rick)

Prepositional

I'm bored in class.
Well, I'd rather dream.
I really like to dream!
I wish I could become a princess!
I dream of a crown:
I will sit on the throne in it.
I dream of an elephant
To ride in the moonlight.
I dream of earrings
I dream of boots.
In the evenings in the dark
I dream of an eagle:
I will fly with him in freedom.
I will go to school...
Oh, I'm already dreaming...
ABOUT THE PREPOSITIONAL case! (T. Rick)

All existing cases of the Russian language

1) Nominative case - who?, what?
2) Genitive case - no one?, what?
3) Dative case - give to whom?, to what?, determines the end point of the action.
4) Accusative case - I see who?, what?, denotes the direct object of the action;
5) Instrumental case - I create with whom?, with what?, defines the instrument, some types of temporary belonging (at night);
6) Prepositional case - think about whom?, about what?

7) Vocative case. From the Church Slavonic vocative case we only have the word “God!” (well, Father, mentor Ambrose, Panteleimon, etc. for those who read prayers). In modern Russian, this case occurs when we address: Mom, Dad, Uncle, Aunt An, where it is formed by “cutting off” the ending or by specially adding the ending: Vanyush (Tanyush), come out!

8) Local case. Usually used with the prepositions “At”, “In” and “On”. Characteristic question: Where? What does it have to do with it? On what? - In the forest (not in the forest), On the closet (not on the closet), On the shelf (not on the shelf) - but what about in Holy Rus', in Ukraine?

9) Dividing case. It is formed as a derivative of the genitive case: Pour kefir into a glass (Drink kefir), Lie a head of garlic (eat garlic) Take a sip of tea (drink tea), Set the heat (not heat), Turn up the heat (not move), Young man, no fire is there?

10) Counting case - found in phrases with a numeral: Two hours (not even an hour has passed), Take three steps (not steps).

11) Positive case - determines the starting point of movement: From the forest, From home. The noun becomes unstressed: I came out of the forest; it was bitterly cold.

12) Deprivative case - used exclusively with verbs of negation: I don’t want to know the truth (not the truth), cannot have the right (not the right).

13) Quantitative-separation case - similar to the genitive case, but has differences: a cup of tea (instead of tea), set the heat (instead of heat), increase the speed (instead of adding speed).

14) Waiting case - It is also the genitive-accusative case: Waiting for (who? what?) a letter (not a letter), Waiting for (who? what?) mom (not moms), Waiting by the sea for weather (not weather).

15) Permutative (aka inclusive) case. Derived from the accusative case (in whom? in what?). It is used exclusively in figures of speech like: Become a pilot, Run for deputy, Take a wife, Be fit to be a son.

1. Verbs are exceptions.
Drive, breathe, hold, depend,
Hear, see and offend,
And also look, twirl,
Hate and endure.
Case prepositions.

2. Case prepositions.
I.p. -
R.p. - about, with, for, without, from, from, to, at, around, after, except.
D.p. - Bye).
V.p. - through, in, on, for, about.
etc. - before, with, over, behind, under, between.
P.p. - at, in, about, about, on.

3. Gender of nouns.
By the way, I’ll substitute “my” -
This means masculine gender.
Feminine - I will remember -
What I will say about is “mine”.
Neuter gender it is “mine” -
So I learned everything.

4. Capital letter spelling.
Rivers, mountains and plains,
Names, surnames, valleys,
Names of all animals
People's middle names -
Everything is capitalized
Write quickly.

5. Spelling vowels after sibilants.
We know for sure that life
We write only with a vowel and,
And in words, where is cha and sha
We will write only with a.
Where will we meet chu-chu,
Let's write it with the letter y.

6. Spelling of an unstressed vowel in the root of a word, checked by stress.
There are stressed vowels,
But there are also unstressed ones
They need to be checked
Fundamentally correct writing.
We quickly select a word,
And the check is ready
We check with emphasis -
We don't forget anything.

7. What is declination?
I quickly change the word,
I write it case by case.
I call it declension
We need to remember this.

8. Spelling not with verbs.
Every schoolchild knows this -
Avoids non-verbs.
Don't forget, friends,
You can’t write them all together!

9. Spelling of paired consonants in the middle and end of a word.
Paired consonants need to be checked
To write words in a notebook correctly.
Quickly find a related word
A paired consonant with a vowel.

10. Composition of the word.
Console.
There is a prefix before the root,
She writes smoothly,
And using the attachment
Words are formed.
Root.
a common part
Related words
It's called the root -
Our answer is ready.
Suffix.
After the root he stands,
The word sounds new.
I’ll mark it with a corner -
I call it a suffix.
Ending.
At the end of any word
We are looking for the ending again.
Variable part
Keeps in touch with another word.
Spelling unpronounceable consonants.

11. Unpronounceable consonants
They're all so unhappy.
We don't hear them in words,
But we write in a notebook.
So that they don’t run away from words,
We checked them for a long time.
We are looking for such a word
To hear it again.

12. Noun.
Part of the speech is amazing -
Called a noun.
The subject means
On Who? What? Answers.
Items that answer the questions Who? What?

About people, animals and fish,
Insects and all birds
Let's ask together - who are they?
All other items
What? We'll ask the question.

13. Adjective
The attribute of an object means
To the questions What? Which one, which ones? Which? answers.
Attached to a noun
It's called an adjective.
Agrees with him everywhere.
In gender, number, case.

14. Verb.
Part of speech asks
What to do?
What did you do?
What will you do?
It is important to call oneself a verb
The action of an object denotes.

15. Three declensions of nouns.
I'm called a noun,
I divide it into three declensions:
1st declension - with ending - A and Z -
Feminine and masculine, friends.
2nd declension - masculine gender without ending,
And the neuter gender - O - E - has a smooth sound.
3rd declension - feminine with b at the end of all words
Remember - this is a rule for all students!

16. Cases.
There are six brother cases
There are no more friendly people in the world.
Living in agreement
And they keep order.
Nominative
He is the most important of all.
To the questions who? What? answers
It happens to be the subject of a sentence.
And now the genitive case,
It is no less significant.
No one? what? - worries
And it agrees with the preposition in rhyme.
(About, with, for, without, from, from, to, at, around, except, after.)
Dative - good man,
Everything tends to be like this:
Give it to whom? what? Hurry up -
By k (a) - there are no more friendly prepositions!
Accusative always admires
I see what? whom? worries
Through, in and on, for, about -
It is easy to agree with the preposition.
Instrumental case broadcasts
Proud of whom? And with what? decides.
Prepositions: between, with and above, for, under
With words he protects friendship.
Prepositional success promises you,
About whom? About what? He thinks about everyone.
He doesn’t forget his prepositions,
At, in, about, about, on - he exclaims loudly.

Parents and teachers are racking their brains about how to clearly explain cases to their children, but at first it can be a real torment for a young schoolchild.
To make it easy and interesting for him, you can come up with some innocent and funny poem, which will help you better remember the order of the main cases. You remember some from school, many examples can be found on the Internet. At the same time, read the advice of other parents on how to clearly explain cases to your child.

Peculiarities of perception of elementary school children

• If your child has some problems with studies , don’t be lazy to review the material from the next lesson with him. This will help him better understand and delve deeper into the teacher’s explanations and words.
• Should be considered personality and abilities child. It is worth being patient, because a child can often make mistakes; he simply cannot remember for a long time what you told him, for example, about five minutes ago.
• It is especially difficult for those children who are different vigorous activity and are unable to sit still for more than twenty minutes. React moderately, without aggression. It will naturally take a lot of hard work and time, but it will be worth it.
• Children, no accustomed to heavy mental workload , can be very suspicious of doing homework. It’s worth sticking to the rules and not showing that home is like a second school.
• Sometimes it happens to a young schoolboy hard to concentrate on one thing, then a bird outside the window will sing, then the pen will fall by itself. You need to help him, do homework with him, but not FOR him.

How to explain cases?

Option 1.

Step 1. We gather a group of children, classmates, friends, peers - this is the best help in how to clearly explain cases to a child.

Step 2. Learn cases by playing. A variety of games and riddles will relieve tension and amuse students.

Option 2.

If your child suddenly asks why cases were invented, answer him with a sentence, for example: “Ksyusha went to the store to buy ice cream”. Afterwards, find out from the little literate person whether there is an error in this sentence, and what kind. Most children answer this question immediately. Then say that if there were no cases, the speech would sound incoherent and ugly. Explain with examples, and be sure to point out errors.

IMPORTANT! Strictness and pickiness will only aggravate the situation, so be good-natured to everyone and, if necessary, repeat the material again and again. And you will even be surprised at what good result it will lead to.

Secrets of memorizing cases:

• Composing funny poems. Junior schoolchildren are still very inquisitive, and they will be curious that the first letter of each case is a clue:

— Nominative names a person or thing;

— Genitive - someone “gave birth” to someone;

— Dative - this is “giving” something, or giving something to someone;

— Accusative - blame someone;

— Instrumental case - do something;

— Prepositional - this is what they offer.

Try to make up a funny rhyme together, like the ones you recited as a child.

• Memorization by memory type. It is worth asking what type of memory your child has. This will be needed in further training.

Child with auditory or speech memory it will be quite enough that in All rules will be read aloud. First, do it yourself, expressively and emphasizing the endings, and then the student must read all the points independently. For children with this type of memory, the best memorization will be a coherent and detailed text.

For children with excellent visual memory - Just draw a table on a piece of paper bright and detailed with four columns. The first column is for the name of the case, the rest are an auxiliary word, a case question, prepositions. Be sure to make the sign as colorful as possible.

A child who perfectly imitates and remembers even complex dance steps or enthusiastically engages in handicrafts will learn these complex rules, if it will be touch them by touching them with your hands. “Assign” each case a finger. For example, the nominative is the index finger on the right or left hand, the instrumental is thumb right or left hand and so on.

There is such a thing as - visual . A person who remembers certain things, imagining them in the guise of some heroes. If your student is like this, you can come up with something each case is a person with his own individual character.

For example, the nominative is an intelligent man of thirty years old, the parent is a young mother fussing with her baby. Dative is an oligarch giving away his money left and right, accusative is an evil policeman who fines drivers who have exceeded the speed limit, and so on.

You can come up with any heroes, but the ones your student likes best are better. If you can’t come up with the appropriate text, look on the Internet for relevant training materials. play activities, there are quite a lot of them.

In a word, fantasize, create - there are no restrictions. Agree, sometimes even very complex rules can be remembered easily. Remember - this is just the beginning of learning, so try to be very responsible when helping your own child.