Stone steppe reserve. Stone steppe Stone steppe flora and fauna

Stone steppe is a nature reserve covering an area of ​​5232.00 hectares. It is located in the Voronezh region in the Talovsky district on the watershed of two rivers called Bityuga and Khopra.

The first settlers in this territory appeared in early XVIII century At that time there was an untouched steppe, partially occupied by forest belts. TO end of the 19th century century, due to deforestation, destruction of animals, plowing of virgin lands and grazing of livestock, the rivers became shallow, the land became barren, the climate changed: in summer there was severe drought and hot winds, in winter there were strong snowstorms. As a result, the peasants' fields burned to the ground in the summer. In those years, due to droughts, famine began, taking thousands of lives to their graves. It was then that the steppe was nicknamed Kamennaya by the people.

In 1892, its restoration began thanks to scientists led by V.V. Dokuchaev. They proposed planting forest belts along fields, ravines and ravines, as well as along river banks; a system was created to mitigate the climate artificial ponds. In 1885, the organization of deposits began. What is a deposit? This is a plowed plot of land (arable land), which was previously used, but then for several years, starting in the fall, was not cultivated or used for sowing crops to restore its fertility.

Since 1912, the deposits of the reserve have been in an untouched state for viewing the dynamics of vegetation growth. And since 1996, the Kamennaya Steppe received state status natural reserve federal significance.

Currently the reserve is clean ponds, fields bordered by forest belts and deposits untouched for more than a hundred years. Dozens of different animals, hundreds of bird species, more than 800 species live here various plants, not counting those that were planted by people. Valuable natural objects and attractions are: the landscape complex “Khorolskaya Balka”, the landscape complex “Sukhoprudnaya Balka”, the upper reservoir (Dokuchaevskoe Sea), the system of old-growth Dokuchaevsky forest belts and the colony of marmots - boibaks.

Sights of Voronezh

The reserve has an agroecological profile and was created for the conservation and restoration of environmentally protective anthropogenic forest-agrarian landscapes, as well as the conservation of rare, endangered fauna and their habitats. In this regard, any types of hunting are prohibited on the territory of the reserve. clear felling, development of deposits, construction, reconstruction and overhaul of capital construction projects, free visits (without passes) to especially valuable objects of the reserve, travel and parking of motor vehicles off public roads, implementation of recreational activities outside specially designated places, provision of land plots for individual housing construction, plowing of lands outside arable land, burning stubble and agricultural fires, carrying weapons and hunting tools. The protection of the territory is carried out by the state inspection using methods of foot and horse patrols, as well as patrols using vehicles and watercraft.

In terms of objects and protection purposes, the Kamennaya Steppe reserve is a unique protected area that has no analogues in Russia.

1892– “A special expedition of the Forestry Department to test in various ways and methods of forestry and water management in the steppes of Russia” under the leadership of V.V. Dokuchaev (1892-1898) carried out a unique experiment to protect steppe agriculture from catastrophic storms and droughts. In one of the driest areas central Russia the formation of an optimized southern forest-steppe agricultural landscape has begun.

1899– Kamenno-Stepnoe experimental forestry was organized (the first forester was G.F. Morozov), which was involved in testing in forest belts various types trees and shrubs.

1911– three scientific institutions were organized in the Kamennaya Steppe: Kamennaya-Steppe Experimental Station named after. V.V. Dokuchaeva, Bobrovsky Zemsky Experimental Field and Steppe Experimental Station of the Bureau of Applied Botany.

1912– on deposits of different ages by the Scientific Council of the Kamenno-Steppe Experimental Station named after. V.V. Dokuchaev introduced haymaking, grazing and absolutely reserved (unmown) regimes.

1927- an arboretum was founded, in 1929 - an arboretum. Research has begun on the introduction of trees and shrubs.

July 5, 1930. – steppe deposits of various ages and economic use and the Arboretumnaya beam were declared protected areas on the basis of the Decree of the administration of the Voronezh region.

May 15, 1944– territory of the Kameno-Steppe state breeding station awarded the status of a scientific reserve (Decision of the Executive Committee of the Voronezh Regional Council of Workers' Deputies No. 8058).

1946– for stationary research of the Stone Steppe, a zonal Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Emergency Plant named after. V.V. Dokuchaev, in 1956 it was reorganized into a research institute Agriculture TsChP im. V.V. Dokuchaeva.

October 18, 1968– Decision of the Voronezh Regional Executive Committee No. 872 “On the creation of the botanical reserve “Kamennaya Steppe” on an area of ​​6 thousand hectares.”

May 13, 1982– Decision of the Voronezh Regional Executive Committee No. 344 “On the state hunting reserve “Kamennaya Steppe” on an area of ​​15 thousand hectares.”

May 25, 1996– Government Decree Russian Federation No. 639 “On the establishment of the state natural reserve “Kamennaya Steppe” of the Ministry of Protection environment And natural resources RF".

March 26, 2009– an Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation was issued, on the basis of which the protection of the territory of the state natural reserve of federal significance “Kamennaya Steppe”, as well as conservation measures biological diversity and maintaining protected areas in their natural state natural complexes and objects on the territory of the reserve is carried out by the Federal government agency"Voronezh State Natural biosphere reserve».

Particularly valuable natural objects

Many objects on the territory of the Kamennaya Steppe protected area are of anthropogenic-natural origin. They were created to optimize land use in arid climates. After a long period of time since their creation, man-made systems of forest belts, ponds and fallows function as natural objects– unique examples of optimized landscapes.

Description

The Kamennaya Steppe nature reserve is located south of the regional center Talovaya, in the Talovsky district in the southeast of the Voronezh region. The territory of the protected area is located in the Bityuzh-Khoper interfluve - on the watershed of the Chigly (a tributary of the Bityug) and Elani (a tributary of the Khopra) rivers. According to landscape-geographical zoning, the territory is located in the Forest-Steppe province of the Forest-steppe zone in the very north of the Southern Bityu-Khopersky region of the typical forest-steppe of the Oka-Don Plain. The territory borders the Kalach ravine-gully southern forest-steppe region of the Central Russian Upland.

Extracurricular activity: Kamennaya Steppe Nature Reserve.

Purpose of the event: To introduce the history of the creation of the Kamennaya Steppe Protected Nature Reserve with its features organic world. Upbringing careful attitude to nature and love for small homeland.

Progress of the event.

1 Student performance. (accompanied by presentation)

You go, you go, - the steppe and the sky,

There really is no end for them,

And stands above, above the steppe,

The silence is silent.

Unbearable heat

The air is so thick;

How the thick grass rustles,

Only the ear hears.

You go, you go, like crazy,

Horses rush through the steppe;

In the distance the mounds turn green,

They run away in a chain.

Flash before my eyes

Two or three old willows, -

And again in the grass in waves

The winds play.

You go, you go, - the steppe and the sky, -

The steppe, the whole steppe, is like the sea;

And he will become sad involuntarily

In such a vast space.

Stone steppe... Whoever hears this name for the first time imagines a harsh area, bypassed by the graces of nature. Many come here from thousands of kilometers away to be convinced of the opposite, to see this miracle in the steppe, to worship the great human feat accomplished by a group of science enthusiasts and patriots of the Motherland.
The Stone Steppe is located south of the regional center Talovaya, in the Talovsky district in the southeast of the Voronezh region, on the watershed of the Bityuga and Khopra rivers - the left tributaries of the Don. Just two hundred years ago, natural landscapes, untouched by man, reigned here. After the abolition of serfdom, the intensified predatory plowing of land and the cutting down of already scarce forests led to a decrease in groundwater levels, shallowing of rivers, and the development of soil erosion processes. Droughts began to recur more frequently, causing mass hunger strikes among peasants. For its dryness, barrenness, and even for the glacial boulders sticking out in the fields, the people nicknamed this steppe the Stone Steppe.

In 1892, a group of scientists led by Vasily Vasilyevich Dokuchaev, the great Russian scientist, the founder of the study of soil, began organizing an interesting and unusually bold experiment for that time. It was decided to remake the arid steppe in the most decisive way, to create such conditions on it that not only would its further drying out, the formation of ravines and the washing away of black soils cease, but its fertility would also be restored, the climate would become milder, and harvests would be higher.
Dokuchaev considered the creation of protective forest belts and the construction of ponds to be the basis for carrying out work to transform the nature of the Kamennaya Steppe.
Now little remains of the natural landscape of the Stone Steppe. Dokuchaev’s wildest dreams came true. Here, on the man-transformed lands of the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Earth Strip named after V.V. Dokuchaev, a unique natural complex has been created to combat drought and soil erosion.
The green, blooming oasis of the Stone Steppe is a prototype of what the entire black earth steppe strip should become.

Milestones of history

1892– “A special expedition of the Forestry Department to test various methods and techniques of forestry and water management in the steppes of Russia” under the leadership of V.V. Dokuchaev (1892-1898) carried out a unique experiment to protect steppe agriculture from catastrophic storms and droughts.

1899– the Kamenno-Steppe experimental forestry was organized (the first forester was G.F. Morozov), which was involved in testing various types of trees and shrubs in forest belts.

1911– three scientific institutions were organized in the Kamennaya Steppe: Kamennaya-Steppe Experimental Station named after. V.V. Dokuchaeva, Bobrovsky Zemsky Experimental Field and Steppe Experimental Station of the Bureau of Applied Botany.

1912– on deposits of different ages by the Scientific Council of the Kamenno-Steppe Experimental Station named after. V.V. Dokuchaev introduced haymaking, grazing and absolutely reserved (unmown) regimes.

1927- an arboretum was founded, in 1929 - an arboretum. Research has begun on the introduction of trees and shrubs.

July 5, 1930. – steppe deposits of various ages and economic use and the Arboretumnaya gully are declared reserves on the basis of the Decree of the administration of the Voronezh region.

May 15, 1944– the territory of the Kameno-Steppe State Breeding Station was given the status of a scientific reserve (Decision of the Executive Committee of the Voronezh Regional Council of Workers' Deputies No. 8058).

1946– for stationary research of the Stone Steppe, a zonal Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Emergency Plant named after. V.V. Dokuchaeva

October 18, 1968– Decision of the Voronezh Regional Executive Committee No. 872 “On the creation of the botanical reserve “Kamennaya Steppe” on an area of ​​6 thousand hectares.”

May 13, 1982– Decision of the Voronezh Regional Executive Committee No. 344 “On the state hunting reserve “Kamennaya Steppe” on an area of ​​15 thousand hectares.”

May 25, 1996– Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 639 “On the establishment of the state nature reserve “Kamennaya Steppe” of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of the Russian Federation.”

March 26, 2009– an Order was issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation, on the basis of which the protection of the territory of the state natural reserve of federal significance “Kamennaya Steppe”, as well as measures to preserve biological diversity and maintain protected natural complexes and objects in their natural state in the territory of the reserve, are carried out by the Federal State Institution “ Voronezh State Natural Biosphere Reserve.

Oh, you steppe, -

Boundless distances

And the feather grass agitated by the wind!

Wasn't it you who created the songs?

And made me sad

Fallow or virgin lands that have survived to this day are extremely rare in the Chernozem region. All of them belong to unique monuments nature and must be carefully protected. Among them, the protected deposits of the Stone Steppe occupy a special place. These areas were once plowed up, and then were left fallow in order to preserve the indigenous type of steppe vegetation. The oldest of them is now more than a hundred years old.
The flora here is represented by more than 800 species higher plants, belonging to 75 families. Among them are taken under special protection all types of feather grass, imbricated fennel (wild gladiolus), tulips, thin-leaved peony, Tatarian katran, Don cinquefoil, spring adonis and a number of other plants.
The steppe reserves are beautiful in May-June, when the plants bloom. The voices of birds merge with the hum of bumblebees, the buzzing of bees, and the chirping of grasshoppers. Over all the flowers and grasses of the steppe, the legendary feather grass shimmers like gray waves. These are truly living museums and laboratories, where a thoughtful scientist or simply a nature lover can learn a lot about the past and present of the steppe.

Earthen mounds in steppe reserves are a trace of the burrowing activity of the mole rat. Unlike the insectivorous mole, the rodent mole rat spends its entire life underground. Using powerful incisors, it makes galleries of passages in the soil, pushing excess soil upside down. Like all rodents, mole rats are vegetarians. Their food is the roots and rhizomes of herbaceous plants. Year after year, lengthening their passages and creating new mounds, mole rats loosen and turn over the top layer, improving the structure of the soil, but at the same time making haymaking difficult. If a mole rat, for some reason known to him, changes the direction of his moves from fallow lands to the field, especially to experimental crops, he becomes a malicious pest.
In fallow areas of the Kamennaya Steppe, earthen mounds are often found significantly large sizes than emissions of mole rats. These are the remains of marmot butanes.
The marmot, or boibak, is an indigenous representative of the steppe regions of our country, but due to the plowing of lands, its habitat has been greatly reduced. In the Voronezh region, the marmot lives in only two or three places, constantly exposed to danger from humans, stray dogs, Lately and wolves.

Of the other typical steppe dwellers, quite a few now live on fallow lands. rare birds - steppe harriers. These are great friends of the grain grower. On hot days sunny days You can spend hours watching harriers soar through the air in search of prey. And they hunt by ear. A mouse squeaks in the grass - a harrier falls like a stone from a great height and is often with prey. The harrier flies all day long, catching mice and large insects to feed its voracious chicks.
Unmowed fallows are the only place in the Kamennaya Steppe where short-eared owls nest, making their nests on thick plant felt.
The shrubs of the unmown fallow are an ideal nesting place for the most common type of warbler - the gray warbler, shrikes, shrikes and other birds.
The organization of a regional geobotanical reserve in the Kamennaya Steppe made it possible to preserve large quantities brown hares, foxes. And since 1979, work on pheasant acclimatization began here.
The Stone Steppe has now become a place of real pilgrimage. Over the past ten years alone, more than 30 thousand tourists have visited here.

Sung by the winds,

washed by the rains,

Cheerful and loud,

Like sunny May

Responding to affection,

Open to friendship,

Bloom and show off

Voronezh region.

You are our oath

You are our worry

You are the head of the state

And her wings.

Up to the sky

The road goes away

The beginning of which

On your field.

You are our concern

And our support.

A piece of the great

Native land.

And if you say

We will move mountains too

So that villages and fields

Everything was blooming more beautifully.

2 Quiz. (work in groups)

1 Remembering the sequence of letters in the alphabet, decipher the names of plants, animals and birds found in the reserve.

12 16 3 20 13 30 – feather grass

12 1 20 18 1 15 - katran

26 17 8 15 10 12 - swordmaker

19 13 6 17 20 26 – mole rat

19 21 18 16 12 - groundhog

13 21 15 30 - harrier

19 16 3 1 - owl

19 13 1 3 12 1 - warbler

2 Where is the reserve located?

3 What are the versions of why the territory received such a name?

4 What is the name of the scientist who led the Forest Department expedition?

5 In what year was the decision made to create this protected area?

3 Summing up the event.

According to scientists, the first settlements in this territory appeared in the 18th century. Before this, the place was completely free and untouched by people.

In the 19th century in the current territory Stone steppe (Voronezh region) began massive deforestation, fishing and destruction of animals. As a result of such destructive actions, the land became infertile, and both rivers dried up.

Drought and famine then hit all the villages that were nearby. Since then the name arose Stone steppe.

Scientists led by V.V. could not allow the complete destruction of the territory. Dokuchaev. Beginning in 1892, they took on the work that saved Stone steppe. Voronezh region I was again able to be proud of the beauty of my lands. Scientists have planted several forest belts along ravines and rivers. The creation of deposits was organized. These are, in fact, those plowed parts that should subsequently turn into fertile fields.

In 1996 Stone steppe of Talovsky district, Voronezh region received the status of a federal nature reserve.

Thousands of people come here every year to enjoy the clean air and incredible natural scenery of this place. Here you can get acquainted with dozens of different species of animals, hundreds of different birds. More than 800 species of various plants grow beautifully in the reserve. Stone steppe (Talovaya) can be proud of numerous valuable objects, including the Khorolskaya Balka, the Dokuchaev Sea and others.

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