Electric stingrays where they are located in which seas. What is the significance of sharks and rays in nature and human life. Reproduction and offspring

The stingray is the oldest cartilaginous sea bird fish with paired electrical organs. There are 4 families of electric stingrays, which are divided into 60 species.

Lifestyle

Stingrays live in both salt water and fresh water. Depending on the species, they can live both in cold water bodies and in warmer ones. Some species live only in one place, while others migrate frequently.

Tropical latitudes boast small stingrays that grow to only 15cm. The largest representative of the stingrays is the Sea Devil (Manta), which grows up to 7 meters in width and can weigh up to 3.5 tons.

A representative of medium size is the Cook's Stingray, which grows up to 5 meters in width.

Appearance

The main difference from other fish is the flattened body structure of the stingray with massive pectoral fins. The tail is not a fin because it is not developed. The skeleton is not hardened and is cartilaginous.

The color of the stingray depends on the water and the depth in which it lives; it can be either light or dark.

Stingrays have well-developed vision and electrical receptors (lateral line). Due to electrical impulses, the stingray senses nearby swimming fish and their heartbeat.

Nutrition

Large stingrays feed on flounder, cod, haddock, sardines, eels and capelin.

Stingrays are not large sizes They eat shellfish, worms, crabs and octopuses.

The exception is the large Manta ray, which allows large volumes of water to pass through its gills. Thus, it filters out small fish and plankton.

Stingrays hunt for their prey. Sometimes he paralyzes the fish with electrical impulses, which small fish become fatal.

Reproduction

The appearance of offspring depends on the type of stingray. Some species are viviparous, while others lay eggs. In the case of birth from eggs, the female lays one egg per week, which can develop from 4 to 12 months, depending on the species.

Both viviparous and born from eggs, stingrays are full-fledged, adapted to underwater life, only small in size. From the first minutes of life, stingrays can produce electricity. On average, small stingrays live 7-10 years, large ones live from 10 to 18 years.

• The sawfish is a species of stingray.
• In some countries, stingrays are eaten raw.
• The Japanese covered the handles of katanas with stingray skin.
• The manta ray makes periodic jumps from the water, which is similar to flying over water.
• Manta rays, although large in size, are harmless and often swim side by side with divers.

Option 2

One of the most mysterious creatures on the planet is the stingray fish. Together with sharks, they are ancient residents of deep waters. Their uniqueness is that while swimming, the fish moves only using its fins, without the help of a tail, reminiscent of the flight of a butterfly.

The habitat of the stingray is the seas and oceans. Some species live in fresh water bodies. Basically, fish prefer to live at the bottom of reservoirs, the depth of which can reach up to 2700 meters.

The stingray has a flattened body shape and a narrow a long tail. On the sides there are kidney-shaped organs that generate electricity, intended for catching food or self-defense. The electrical discharge power is about 220 volts. The fish has poor eyesight.

The color of the stingray depends on environment habitat may be either black or light sand. Some individuals have simple patterns on the upper body. The abdomen always has a light shade.

The animal's diet mainly consists of fish or carrion. Small representatives feed on sea plankton, and large ones feed on salmon, mullet, and capelin.

IN mating season, gathers around the female a large number of males. They, as if enchanted, swim around the female and try to synchronously repeat her movements. The fastest winner gets the right to copulate.

Stingrays reproduce in two ways - viviparous or egg-laying. A viviparous individual carries one baby for about a year, which is born up to 10 kilograms and up to 1 meter long. After birth, the baby becomes independent, as the female loses all interest in him.

Oviparous rays lay capsuled eggs, the number of which does not exceed 10 pieces. When the fry emerges from the egg, it begins independent life, it feeds on plankton.

For humans, the stingray represents mortal danger. With its thorn, the fish can inflict a lacerated wound that is incompatible with life. An electric shock can lead to cardiac arrest.

Life expectancy depends on the size of the fish. The larger the stingray, the greater the likelihood of survival. On average, the duration ranges from 7 to 25 years.

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The report about stingrays, summarized in this article, will tell you a lot useful information about this animal.

Message about stingrays

Stingray is a marine cartilaginous fish, which differs from others in the presence of electrical paired organs. The stingray order includes 4 families and 60 species of fish.

Description and characteristics of the electric ramp

The body of the fish is disc-shaped, which is slightly elongated at the end in the form of a tail. It has a tail fin and one or two upper fins. The body of the stingray can reach up to 50 cm in size. But in nature there are more major representatives, whose body length can reach 1.2 m and weigh 100 kg.

Stingray is a sea fish and it has different colors: from discreet plain color before bright color with colorful designs and patterns on the body. It is noteworthy that their eyes are located on top, so this species of fish has relatively poor vision. The disc-shaped body is equipped with kidney-shaped organs on the sides that are capable of generating electricity. They are located between the pectoral fins and the head. These organs are designed for catching prey and self-defense. With their help, electric rays release electric beam-like discharges with a power of up to 220 volts and hit their prey.

Where do stingrays live?

Stingrays live on reefs, in areas sandy beaches, clay bays. Sometimes they can settle in the depths of oceans and seas. The maximum habitat depth is 1000 m. The fish prefers to live in the waters of tropical and temperate climate zones.

From birth, baby stingrays can already produce electric charge. One female can give birth to 8 – 14 babies.

In addition to electrical abilities, these fish have another talent: they are excellent swimmers. Thanks to their rounded fins, they seem to float in the water and special effort travel long distances.

What do stingrays eat?

The electric ray feeds mainly on carrion and fish. Small-sized species of stingrays feed on small sea plankton: fish, octopuses, crabs. Large species eat capelin, salmon, sardines, and mullet. In pursuit of prey, the stingray spreads its fins. Having caught up with her, he hugs the victim with his fins and uses an electric discharge.

Stingrays: interesting facts

• IN Ancient Greece electric stingray was used as a painkiller during operations. They became the prototype for the emergence of modern medical electrical devices.
• The most dangerous creature in the world's oceans is the stingray. It has a 15 cm spike in its tail. The fish makes a laceration that is incompatible with life.
• The Manta Ray can leap from water up to 3 meters high.
• The female Sea Devil carries only one baby throughout the year. At birth he weighs 10 kg.
• The only species of stingray that lives in Ukraine is the Sea Cat. It's poisonous. But its meat is still considered a delicacy. Stingray liver contains a lot of vitamin D.
• In ancient times, the spines of tail-shaped species of stingrays were used by the tribes of the Pacific Basin as a tip for spears and arrows. They were saturated with poison and were deadly weapons.
• The sawfish ray is considered the oldest fossil Mesozoic era. Catching them is strictly prohibited. Even in ancient times, it was revered by Asian peoples and the Aztecs.

We hope that the report about stingrays helped you prepare for the lesson. You can leave your story about stingrays using the comment form below.

The electric stingray is a marine cartilaginous fish, distinctive feature which is the presence of paired electrical organs. The order of electric stingrays consists of 4 families and more than 60 species.

Electric ramp - characteristics and description

The body of the electric stingray is disc-shaped with a slight extension in the form of a tail, there is a caudal fin and one or two upper fins. The body size of the stingray can reach 50 centimeters. However, there are also large representatives, whose maximum body length reaches 1.2 meters and weighs approximately 100 kg. Sea fish stingray can have different colors: from the simplest, discreet color to bright and colorful designs and patterns. The eyes of the electric stingray are located on top, so anatomical structure causes rather poor vision in this species of fish. On the sides of the disc-shaped body are kidney-shaped organs that produce electricity, they are located between the head and pectoral fins. Electric organs stingrays Designed for self-defense and catching prey purposes. With their help, the stingray releases bundle-shaped electric ranks power from 6 to 220 volts. Thus, the fish strikes prey or an enemy and attacks him.

Where do stingrays live?

The habitats of stingrays are quite different. The electric stingray lives on reefs, clay bays, and sandy beach areas. Sometimes a stingray can live in the depths of seas and oceans, maximum depth The stingray's dive is approximately 1000 meters. This fish can only be found in the waters of temperate and tropical climate zones.

Baby stingrays carry an electrical charge from birth. An adult female electric stingray can give birth to 8-14 babies.

The body length of a newborn stingray is negligible and is approximately 2 centimeters.

Sea fish stingray In addition to his electrical ability, he has another undeniable talent. These fish are excellent swimmers, due to their body shape adapted for this. Rounded fins allow stingrays to seem to float in aquatic environment, without spending much effort on covering long distances. This helps stingrays in the process of searching for food for themselves and their newborn babies.

What does the electric stingray eat and how does it hunt?

Feeds electric Stingray mainly fish and carrion. Smaller representatives of stingrays extract small sea ​​plankton in the form of small fish, crabs, octopuses. More large species feed on fish. For example, mullet, salmon. When hunting, the electric stingray catches up with its prey and hugs it with its fins. A series of electrical discharges are released onto the victim, as a result of which he dies.

In the dark depths of the seas and oceans, lurk such monsters that you were afraid to even think about. Stinging with poisonous spines, shocking - they are still the most unexplored inhabitants of the water expanses of our planet. Now you will read the most interesting facts about stingrays, the little that we know about them at the moment.

1. Stingray stingray is one of the most dangerous creatures World Ocean. The 15-centimeter spike hidden in its tail easily pierces the victim or drives away the offender. The barbs on the spike make the wound lacerated and incompatible with life, and after the attack the spike remains in the victim's body. In addition, it is poisonous and can even kill humans.
2. The manta ray occasionally jumps from the water to the surface. The height of these jumps reaches three meters. Scientists suggest that in this way manta rays, like schooling fish, give a certain signal to the rest of the school members.
3. Sea devils, as manta rays are also called, despite their impressive size reaching two tons, are harmless by nature. Having no poisonous spines, they often become victims of their own relatives - sharks. But they best friends for curious divers who can swim side by side with these giants.
4. Stingrays have direct relationship with sharks. These two species are the most famous representatives of the class of cartilaginous fish that do not have a bony skeleton. Although they are predators, plankton and small crustaceans living on the ocean floor are enough for them to feed.
5. Female sea devils carry only one baby for one year. It is born weighing more than 10 kilograms and measuring about one meter. After this, the female loses all interest in him, and the newborn goes free swimming.
6. During mating games, up to twenty males gather near the female manta. A kind of dance occurs when the males repeat all her movements after the female. As a result, the most skillful male gets the right to copulate, which lasts only one and a half minutes.
7. In regions where electric rays live, local residents and tourists conduct peculiar sessions traditional medicine. It is believed that if you receive a series of shocks from such a stingray, you can cure many diseases, such as arthritis or back pain.
8. The force of the current discharge after being hit by an electric stingray is theoretically enough to cause death to a person. True, the history of such cases does not know, because it is quite difficult to receive such a blow by accident. The stingray must be large in size, and a person must not just touch it with a finger, but practically hug the fish.
   
9. [b]In marbled electric stingrays, the heart beats only 15 times per minute, which allows them, buried in the sand, to lie on the bottom without moving for several days. Low oxygen content in water and high pressure not a hindrance for these born hunters.
10. In ancient times, the spines of tail-shaped stingrays were used by tribes of the Pacific Rim countries as tips for arrows and spears. In addition, they were saturated with poison, which brought additional damage to the enemy.
11. Sea cats are the only species of stingrays that live in Russia and Ukraine, in the Black and Seas of Azov . Like all stingrays, it is poisonous. This does not prevent its industrial fishing. Stingray meat is considered a delicacy in many countries, and the liver sea ​​cat rich in vitamin D.
12. Motoro is the most common freshwater stingray.. Due to its relatively small size - maximum length with tail - 1 m, diameter - up to 30 cm, it has gained popularity among aquarists all over the world. True, having got yourself one pet, it is worth remembering that the spikes on its tail are as poisonous as those of its “wild” relatives.
13. It is a mistake to believe that these fish are found exclusively in warm waters . The habitat of the Northern stingray and the Smooth (diamond) stingray extends all the way to the bottom of the Northern Arctic Ocean and the surrounding seas.
14. The sawfish ray is the oldest fossil of the Mesozoic era, the extraction of which is prohibited. Revered by the Aztecs and some Asian peoples. The saw served as a sacred symbol, with the help of which it was possible to drive out spirits and treat diseases.
15. Steve Irwin, an Australian TV presenter, was killed while filming his program when he was hit in the heart by the spine of a stingray.

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The stingray fish is the oldest inhabitant of the aquatic depths. Stingrays are mysterious creatures. They, together with their closest relatives, are the most ancient residents of the depths of the waters.

These creatures have so many interesting features, which is how they differ from other representatives of the fauna floating in the water. Scientists suggest that in prehistoric times the distant ancestors of stingrays differed little in structure, but the myriads of years that have passed have made these animals in no way similar, and the individuals of both species themselves have undergone significant changes.

Modern cramp-fish(on photo animal it is clearly noticeable) is characterized to the extreme flat body and a head intricately fused with the pectoral fins, which gives this creature a fantastic appearance.

The color of an animal largely depends on its habitat: sea ​​waters and fresh water bodies. In these creatures, the color of the upper body area can be light, for example, sandy, multi-colored, with a fancy ornament, or dark. It is this coloring that helps the stingray successfully camouflage itself from observers from above, giving it the opportunity to merge with the surrounding space.

The lower parts of these flat creatures are usually lighter than the upper parts. On this side of the animal there are organs such as the mouth and nostrils, as well as five pairs of gills. The tail of such water inhabitants has a whip-shaped shape.

Stingrays are a very large group of aquatic animals that have nothing to do with mammals. Scat– is it a fish or more precisely, a creature belonging to the category of elasmobranch cartilaginous fish.

In size, these inhabitants of the depths also differ significantly from each other. There are individuals only a few centimeters long. Others are meter, and in some cases more (up to 7 meters) in size.

The body of stingrays is so flat and long, resembling a pancake rolled out with a rolling pin, that the edges on the sides of the creatures look like wings, representing pectoral fins. In some cases, their scope reaches two meters or more.

An example of this is the stingray, which is a member of the bracken family, the body length of which reaches up to five, and the span of its peculiar wings is up to two and a half meters. Scat – cartilaginous fish. This means that its insides are not built from bones, like those of sharks and other animals, but from cartilage.

The coloring of the stingray gives it the ability to camouflage itself on the seabed

The habitats of stingrays are as vast as their diversity. Such animals can be found in the depths of water all over the planet, even in the Arctic and Antarctic. But with the same success they settle down tropical waters.

The depth of the reservoirs that serve as shelter for animals similarly varies greatly. Stingray fish lives and is able to successfully take root in shallow water, but also perfectly adapts to exist at a depth of 2700 m.

Character and lifestyle of stingray fish

Amazing properties of various species of stingrays boggles the mind. For example, on the coasts of Australia you can see “flying stingrays”. There are also electric fish stingrays.

In the photo there are “flying” stingrays

And such strength, given to them by nature, turns out to be an excellent weapon in the fight for survival. Such creatures are capable of paralyzing the victim using their own electricity, which is produced by all stingrays, but it is this type produces it in quantities up to 220 volts.

Such a discharge, which is especially strong in water, is quite enough to paralyze certain parts of the human body, and even lead to death. The most interesting of species stingray fish – nautical devil. This animal huge size, weighing more than two tons.

Sailors created the most incredible legends about such creatures, the reasons for which were the unexpected appearance of such monstrous in size marine stingray fish from the abyss before the eyes of stunned travelers.

They jumped headlong out of the water and then disappeared into the depths, flashing their pointed tail, which often caused panic. However, the fears were groundless, and such creatures are completely harmless and even peaceful in nature.

In the photo there is a stingray "sea devil"

And cases of attacks on people for for a long time was not recorded. Quite the contrary, people often ate their nutritious and tasty meat, which is still a component and integral part many dishes, as well as a wide variety of exotic recipes.

That's just the process of hunting for sea ​​devil can turn into a dangerous activity, because the size of the animal allows it to overturn a boat with fishermen. The main part of the life of stingray fish passes at the bottom of reservoirs. These animals even rest by burying themselves in mud or sand. That is why respiratory system These animals are different from other fish.

They do not breathe through gills, but air enters their body through devices called squirters, which are located on its back. These organs are equipped with a special valve that helps protect the stingray’s body from foreign particles that enter from the bottom of the reservoir. All unnecessary debris, particles of sand and dirt are removed from the spray bottle released by the ramp using a stream of water.

Stingrays also move in a curious way, not using their tail at all when swimming. They flap their fins like butterflies, and their peculiar body shape helps the animals practically float in the water, which is why they are excellent swimmers.

Stingray nutrition

Cramp-fish- a predatory creature. Its main food is fish: salmon, sardines, mullet or capelin. Larger species may be tempted by such prey, as can crabs. Small varieties are content with plankton, as well as small fish.

The diversity of stingrays and their amazing capabilities also manifest themselves in obtaining food. To hunt for your victims different kinds These fantastic creatures use the weapons that nature has provided them with.

An electric stingray, having overtaken its prey, hugs it with its fins and stuns it with an electric discharge, awaiting its death. And the weapon of the spiny-tailed stingray is its tail, studded with spines, which it thrusts into the enemy. When eating mollusks and crustaceans, it uses special protruding plates that replace teeth for this creature, grinding its prey with them.

Reproduction and lifespan of stingray fish

Some species of stingrays are viviparous, while others lay eggs in capsules. There are also varieties that perform their reproductive function in an intermediate manner, being ovoviviparous.

When carrying cubs, the mother’s body nourishes the embryos with peculiar outgrowths that penetrate into the oral cavity. A female sea devil is capable of giving birth to only one cub, but its size is very impressive, and its weight is about 10 kg. But a female electric ray, which gives birth to live cubs, is capable of increasing the genus of rays by sometimes 14 individuals.

Newborns are only 2 cm in size, but from the very first minute of their existence they are able to produce electricity. The lifespan of stingrays most often depends on size. Small species live on average from 7 to 10 years. The larger ones live longer, from about 10 to 18 years.

Some species: the electric stingray, as well as a number of others, for example, living off the Cayman Islands, where the most favorable conditions exist for such representatives of the fauna, live a life of about a quarter of a century.