Which cooled pistol is more powerful than TT or PM? History of TT and PM. Who is better? Currently in Russia there are a large number of models of small arms, including pistols. But the “veterans” are still of definite interest - TT, PM and A

During use, not at the shooting range, but in a real life-and-death pistol fight, the advantages and disadvantages of weapons (practically of the same class) are determined, first of all, by the qualifications and experience of the shooter, which also includes technical condition pistol and ammunition, that is, their reliability and quality at the current time. And the tactical and technical characteristics of a weapon will be an advantage only if they are used correctly.

Production of TT pistols (model 1930) began in 1933. Back in the mid-20s of the last century in the USSR there was an urgent question of providing soldiers of the Red Army and other paramilitary structures of the state with uniform standards small arms. The situation was especially critical in the field of personal weapons of army officers, police officers and the NKVD, because at that time a very “motley company” of pistols and revolvers of various systems were in service, ranging from Mausers K-96 and revolvers of the 1895 model (already quite outdated) and ending with a variety of foreign pistols. Naturally, this state of affairs did not suit the leadership of the “country of Soviets” and by the early 1930s the TT pistol, developed by the Soviet gunsmith and designer F.V. Tokarev on the basis of the American Colt M1911, was adopted.

Mass production fell during the Great Patriotic War. Pistols produced during this period do not differ in quality of manufacture and assembly. The weapons conveyors at that time were not always staffed with qualified personnel (teenagers, women), and the necessary steel for the manufacture of weapons was not always at hand. Pistols were also received from the front for repair. In addition, pistols produced before 1943 suffered from design flaws and defects. The firing of such pistols, as a rule, amounted to no more than 700 - 750 shots, after which malfunctions in the operation of the automation began. Malfunctions such as the magazine falling out and the firing pin being lost were also common. TT pistols found at the sites of former battles and restored by “black diggers” may also be on hand, more often in the criminal world. The reliability of such specimens is extremely low. Today, the TT pistol remains in service in certain units of various law enforcement agencies; these are usually pistols produced in the post-war period, but the technical condition of many of them leaves much to be desired. Main disadvantage“modern” TT, compared to PM, is low reliability. But this unreliability is not related to the design of the pistol; it is the result of poor manufacturing, assembly and harsh operation. In addition, it significantly affects the reliability and time factor.

This weapon is quite suitable for some special operations(this is not speculation, but real facts). It even has two advantages - it is flat in size, allowing for concealed carrying quite powerful weapons and the high penetration power of a bullet, especially with a steel core, against which most soft body armor for concealed wear are powerless.
There were also “TT” pistols, manufactured specifically for “organs” (such as SMERSH, NKVD, MGB, etc.), which differed from serial “TT” pistols by being made from stronger and higher quality grades of weapon steels and by better fitting of parts, as well as the fact that they were 30 mm longer (meaning overall length) than serial production TT pistols.

Now the TT pistol has worldwide fame. There is no doubt that if he had not been good weapon, then it would not still be in service in many countries of the world and would not occupy a worthy place next to the Kalashnikov assault rifle and the Stechkin pistol in big family the best small arms of the USSR. For a long time it could be found in the holster of operatives law enforcement and in army arsenals. A huge number of TTs were produced and they simply did not have time to “demolish” them all. In addition, pistols of this design were produced under license in Hungary, Yugoslavia, North Korea and, of course, China. A huge number of samples, lack of proper accounting, low cost on the black market - all this made TT a frequent guest in crime chronicles. And today, many people strongly associate “Tula Tokarev” with contract killings. So it’s too early to write off TT for retirement.

To this day, the post-war TT pistol is in service with military personnel units and irregular formations in some CIS countries. The service life of these pistols, produced in the forties and fifties, has long been exhausted, so they are extremely unreliable. A common defect is the skewing of the cartridge and its sticking.

Since the advent of the TT pistol, research in the field of “new Soviet pistol“did not stop: firstly, the TT, even when it was put into service, caused criticism from some military officials, and secondly, many officials and “loyal Leninists” were extremely dissatisfied with the fact that the Tokarev pistol was based on weapons of the United States, because the Soviet military completely “Soviet weapons” were required.

A competition for a new army pistol that could replace the TT was announced in 1945. Even then, one of the main requirements was the transition from 7.62 mm caliber to 9 mm caliber. since the 7.62 TT cartridge had a so-called sewing effect, when the bullet, having a high initial speed, pierced the soft tissues of the body, and a person in the heat of battle did not even notice this. It was required that one hit was guaranteed to incapacitate the enemy. Therefore, in the end, the leadership of the Ministry of Defense chose the 9 mm cartridge. The simplicity and peculiar “elegance” of the design of the Makarov pistol (PM) made a very serious impression on the government of the USSR, and in 1948 the first trial batch of 50 Makarov system pistols was released. A year later, a decision was made to launch the Makarov into mass production and put it into service. The PM proved to be a reliable and convenient weapon, however, the short barrel (which led to a noticeable decrease in accuracy and accuracy of fire) and the small clip capacity made it not the most successful pistol in war conditions. This became an absolutely obvious fact during the fighting in Afghanistan, during which the majority of military personnel abandoned the PM in favor of the Stechkin automatic pistol, bulky and heavy, but much more effective than the Makarov.

The PM pistol was put into service in 1951 to replace the TT pistol, and is actually in service to this day. Armed Forces, Ministry of Internal Affairs and other law enforcement agencies, although more advanced and responsive ones have already been officially put into service modern requirements samples.
The gun parts are suspended, which prevents dirt and carbon deposits from accumulating and clogging them. A chrome-plated barrel and very slick contours, which is very important for operational use, does not cling to clothing, and does not injure your hands during use and disassembly. Awesome, incredible resource - up to 50,000 shots. True, this only applies to pistols manufactured between 1955 and the early 70s. years.
Since the 80-90s, PM and PMM have been produced of extremely low quality.

It is better to use Makarov effectively at a distance from “point-blank” to 15 m. So the PM exactly meets the purposes and combat properties stated in the NSD and is essentially a personal weapon of attack and defense, designed to defeat the enemy at short distances.

PM differs from TT primarily in its high reliability. To date, PM is one of the most reliable pistols in the world. The main disadvantage compared to the TT is the ammunition with a relatively low bullet penetration. Therefore, for the Armed Forces the PM pistol is like modern weapons of little use. It is also not suitable as a means of disabling or stopping vehicles, if used, for example, in traffic police departments.

However, during a shootout within staircase PM is still preferable to TT. Since practically no modern door can withstand a bullet fired from a TT if it is not armored in the appropriate class, third parties may therefore suffer, which is not acceptable when carrying out operational activities by employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. There is such a thing as action-stopping bullets. Here, theoretically, an equal sign can be placed between PM and TT. But in practice (according to statistics), the stopping effect of PM bullets is considered higher. This is due to cross section bullets. The cartridge used in the PM is 9X18 with a bullet weight of 6.1 g and an initial speed of 315 m/s. The advantage over the TT is the presence in the PM of a self-cocking firing mechanism, as well as automatic blowback action.

Disadvantages compared to PM include weight and dimensions. TT is heavier and larger (with a magazine without TT cartridges - 850 g. PM ​​- 730). Another disadvantage is the inability to fire by self-cocking. The advantage of the TT over the PM is its ammunition, which has a fairly high penetrating effect. The TT uses a 7.62X25 cartridge with a bullet weighing 5.5 g and an initial speed of 420 - 450 m/s. From the TT you can hit an object wearing body armor up to class II armor protection (PM only up to class I). Therefore, TT is in great demand among killers. The advantage can be attributed to the fairly common and cheap ammunition (cheap and cheerful).

Interesting Facts:

In 1969, employees Soviet army Ilyin made an unsuccessful attempt on the life of the USSR Secretary General L.I. Brezhnev. Ilyin was armed with two PM pistols.

Despite the fact that both the TT cartridge and pistol have long been withdrawn from service and are almost never produced (since almost a billion TT cartridges remain in military warehouses since the Great Patriotic War). The high-velocity TT cartridge has always posed a serious threat to police officers in many countries around the world. For example: police officers of the Royal Hong Kong Police put on reinforced body armor of the third class of protection A+ before going on duty, since they often encounter criminals armed with TT pistols (usually made in China).

Currently in Russia there are a large number of models of small arms, including pistols. But the “veterans” - TT, PM and APS, who have served people for decades, are still of particular interest.

Currently in Russia there is a large number of models of small arms, including pistols. They differ in caliber, in the principle of operation of the automation, and in the tasks for which they are intended. But the most significant authority is still possessed by the “veterans” - TT, PM and APS, who have served people for decades.

The most honored of the above is the “pistol of 1933”, more often called TT - Tula Tokarev.

It was adopted by the Red Army in 1930 to replace the Nagan 1895 revolver, which was both morally and physically obsolete. According to their own tactical and technical characteristics The TT was superior to all contemporary models. Exceptional simplicity, strength and reliability, as well as the low cost of its production - these are distinctive features this pistol.

In 1933, the TT underwent minor modernization. Minor changes were made to the trigger mechanism; the rear wall of the handle was made solid.

The TT automation worked using the recoil of the barrel during its short stroke. When the barrel moved back, the movable earring lowered its breech. At the same time, the weapon was reloaded (the same principle was used by the Colt M1911A pistol, which allowed Western authors writing about weapons to call the TT “Tokarev-Colt pistol”).

The pistol uses a 7.62x25 caliber cartridge (the same as in the Mauser pistol). Later, the PPD (1934), PPSh (1941), and PPS (1942) submachine guns were developed for this cartridge.

However, the pistol also has a rather significant drawback - it does not have a fuse as an independent part. Its role is played by the trigger safety cock. But if the pistol falls, a spontaneous discharge is possible as a result of a break in the safety cocking.

The pistol passed the tests of the Great Patriotic War with honor. Patriotic War, having proven itself to be a powerful, simple and reliable melee weapon. It remained in service for some time after the war. Its popularity is also evidenced by the fact that the production of the TT was established in China, Poland, Hungary, Yugoslavia and other countries. In some of them, the TT is still produced today.

High shooting accuracy is ensured due to the successful arrangement of pistol parts. Due to the fact that the center of gravity of the pistol and the axial axis of the barrel are shifted closer to the handle, the TT, with its fairly significant weight (940 grams), is practically not felt in the hand.

But the development of individual small arms required new solutions. At some point, the TT ceased to be a self-sufficient weapon, and in 1951 it was replaced by N.F. Makarov (PM) and I.Ya. Stechkin (APS) pistols.

Both of these automatic pistols use the simplest, and therefore more reliable, principle - blowback. Both pistols return spring put directly on the barrel (although in the first modification of the APS the return spring was located under the barrel, as in Browning system pistols). For both of these pistols, a 9x18 cartridge was developed, which is more powerful than that used in the TT.

The undoubted advantage of the PM is the design of the firing mechanism. The self-cocking device allows you to fire the first shot (if there is a cartridge in the chamber) without first cocking the hammer. The safety lever is located in the rear part of the bolt casing, on the left, which allows you to operate the pistol with one hand (the right hand holding the weapon). Bringing the pistol into a firing position for its further wearing in this position is carried out as follows. Jerking the bolt forces the cartridge into the chamber. Then the safety is turned on, but no shot occurs. Now to fire the first shot you only need to remove the safety and pull the trigger.

APS

Despite the apparent similarity, APS and PM are completely different types individual small arms. The APS is intended to arm officers directly involved in combat operations. Trigger mechanism This pistol is also self-cocking, allowing not only single fire, but also burst fire. The safety lever, located in the same way as on the Makarov pistol, also serves as a fire translator. The sight of this pistol is mobile, for shooting at distances of 25, 50, 100 and 200 meters. The magazine holds 20 rounds (staggered). The APS pistol is worn in a wooden or plastic holster, which, fastened to the back wall of the handle, acts as a butt when firing in bursts. In extreme cases, burst fire can be fired directly from the hand, without a butt (the cartridge used allows this to be done). Unfortunately, despite the perfection of the design, during operation, serious shortcomings of the APS were revealed (primarily its excessive weight and dimensions), so at present this pistol is no longer produced, giving way to submachine guns such as "Kedr", "Kashtan" " and "Cypress", using the same 9x18 mm cartridge.

The Makarov PM pistol, on the contrary, served as the base model for a number of new developments. In 1994, the PMM, a modernized Makarov pistol, was put into mass production. Externally, it is practically no different from the base model (except for the cheeks of the handle), but its magazine holds 12 57-N-181SM cartridges, which, although no different in size from the standard Makarov cartridge, has increased penetration and stopping power. The design of the chamber has been slightly changed - three helical grooves are made on its surface, providing inhibition of bolt recoil and smoothing out the difference in automatic dynamics when firing conventional and reinforced cartridges. Otherwise, the design, which has proven itself well over more than 40 years of operation, has not undergone any changes.

IZH-71

In the mid-1990s, the IZH-71 pistol was developed specifically for security personnel, based on the PM, which uses the 9x17 Kurz cartridge and has specially reduced characteristics (for example, starting speed The bullet flight of the IZH-71 is 290 m/s versus 320 m/s for the PM). The IZH-71 magazine is available in 2 versions - 8 and 10 rounds (in the latter case the pistol is called IZH-71-10). Externally, the IZH-71 differs from the PM, again, in the cheeks of the handle.

PSM

Especially for arming the senior command staff of the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KGB-FSB, the creative team consisting of T.I. Lashnev, A.A. Simarin and L.L. Kulikov developed the PSM pistol (small-sized self-loading pistol). This pistol is chambered for the new 5.45mm cartridge. The trigger mechanism is self-cocking. The location of the fuse is interesting (above the back of the bolt). When it is turned off, the hammer is cocked at the same time. The pistol has no protruding parts, so its thickness does not exceed 18 mm, which creates advantages when carrying it concealed. But due to the low penetrating power of the cartridge, this weapon is of little use in real combat. Rather, its niche is as an individual self-defense weapon. All of him design features indicate this.

Of course, new types of pistols are now being produced, designed to perform completely different tasks in different conditions., but TT, PM, APS and PSM left their worthy contribution to history, faithfully serving the cause of defending the Motherland for decades.

TT or PM?

Sometimes you can witness a dispute between “experts” in the field of weapons. For example: until recently, it was customary to argue about which pistol was better, the Makarov pistol (PM) or the Tula Tokarev pistol (TT). In general, such disputes concerning absolutely any small arms, practically of the same class, are, to say the least, incorrect. Two different samples, in this case a pistol, can only be compared to some extent specific situation. And even then, all the disadvantages and advantages of one or another will be indirect. During use, not at the shooting range, but in a real life-and-death pistol fight, the advantages and disadvantages of a weapon are determined, first of all, by the qualifications and experience of the shooter, this also includes the technical condition of the pistol and ammunition, that is, their reliability and quality at the current time. And the tactical and technical characteristics of a weapon will be an advantage only if they are used correctly.

Production of TT pistols (model 1930) began in 1933. Mass production fell during the Great Patriotic War. Pistols produced during this period do not differ in quality of manufacture and assembly. The weapons conveyors at that time were not always staffed with qualified personnel (teenagers, women), and the necessary steel for the manufacture of weapons was not always at hand. Pistols were also received from the front for repair. In addition, pistols produced before 1943 suffered from design flaws and defects. The firing of such pistols, as a rule, amounted to no more than 700 - 750 shots, after which malfunctions in the operation of the automation began. Malfunctions such as the magazine falling out and the firing pin being lost were also common. TT pistols found at the sites of former battles and restored by “black diggers” may also be on hand, more often in the criminal world. The reliability of such specimens is extremely low. Today, the TT pistol remains in service in certain units of various law enforcement agencies; these are usually pistols produced in the post-war period, but the technical condition of many of them leaves much to be desired. The main disadvantage of the “modern” TT, compared to the PM, is low reliability. But this unreliability is not related to the design of the pistol; it is the result of poor-quality manufacturing, assembly and harsh operation, which significantly affects the reliability and time factor. Disadvantages compared to PM include weight and dimensions. TT is heavier and larger (with a magazine without TT cartridges - 850 g. PM ​​- 730). Another disadvantage is the inability to fire by self-cocking. The advantage of the TT over the PM is its ammunition, which has a fairly high penetrating effect. The TT uses a 7.62X25 cartridge with a bullet weighing 5.5 g and an initial speed of 420 - 450 m/s. From the TT you can hit an object wearing body armor up to class II armor protection (PM only up to class I). Therefore, the TT is in great demand among killers. One of the advantages is that it is a fairly common and cheap ammunition (cheap and cheerful).

The PM pistol was put into service in 1951 to replace the TT pistol, and to this day it is actually in service with the Armed Forces, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and other law enforcement agencies of Russia, although more advanced models that meet modern requirements have officially been put into service (PYa "GRACH" "; GSh-18, etc.). PM differs from TT primarily in its high reliability. To this day, the PM is one of the most reliable pistols in the world. In terms of reliability, it is on a par with pistols such as GLOK. The main disadvantage compared to the TT is the ammunition with a relatively low bullet penetration. Therefore, the PM pistol as a modern weapon is of little use for the Armed Forces. It is also not suitable as a means of disabling or stopping vehicles, if used, for example, in traffic police departments. However, during a shootout within the stairwell, the PM is still preferable to the TT. Since practically no modern door can withstand a bullet fired from a TT if it is not armored in the appropriate class, third parties may therefore suffer, which is not acceptable when carrying out operational activities by employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. There is such a thing as action-stopping bullets. Here, theoretically, an equal sign can be placed between PM and TT. But in practice (according to statistics), the stopping effect of PM bullets is considered higher. This is due to the cross section of the bullet. The cartridge used in the PM is 9X18 with a bullet weight of 6.1 g and an initial speed of 315 m/s. The advantage over the TT is the presence in the PM of a self-cocking firing mechanism, as well as automatic blowback action.

Conclusion. Of course, the PM is a more modern and reliable weapon than the TT. But also the Makarov pistol modern conditions it is more suitable only as a police or security weapon, and even then not always, but for the army it is already outdated. If there is nothing to choose from, then the TT pistol can be used to hit protected targets, where the PM is of little use due to the low penetrating effect of the bullet. Reduced to normal battle, well-functioning TTs are good to use as training and sports weapons. Ammunition is cheap and there are still plenty of cartridges of this caliber.

So, what is better - PM or TT? The question remains open.

Firearms are an integral attribute of civilization. Since ancient times, weapons have served as a tool for defense, obtaining food, and conquering territories. And always a weapon is an instrument that fulfills the will of its owner, a criminal or a servant of the law, an invader or a defender of the Fatherland.

For eighteen years, small arms have been my constant companion. In heat and cold, day and night, in different parts of the area, in different regions, at the shooting range, at the training ground, in battle, in everyday life - it is always with me. Over the years, many samples of domestic products have passed through my hands. military weapons and very little foreign. I know what each sample is capable of, what to expect from it, what to hope for and what to fear.
And, of course, everyone has their own opinion, which often does not coincide with the common one. Not without my active participation in combat situations. And I can judge weapons, perhaps with more right than other “experts” on the Internet and some “weapons” magazines, who write at length about the advantages and disadvantages of this or that type of weapon. The main problem with domestic small arms is mediocre and sometimes simply terrible ergonomics, and, of course, low workmanship (to Soviet period this does not apply).
But, as they say, there are as many opinions as there are people. So, let's begin…

Can be deciphered as “Gun for Self-Calm.” Maybe you'll get lucky." There is a known case when a wounded man, with five bullets in the stomach fired from a PSM, independently walked to a medical facility located one and a half kilometers away.

5.45 mm self-loading pistol PSM

Moreover, he was of slight build. A very accurate pistol, at the level of sporting small-caliber pistols. Very compact. James Bond would be pleased with him. On combat pistol A spur on the lid of one of the magazines would be nice. Suitable as a backup pistol, but not as a primary weapon. Plus the problem with the shortage of ammunition.

Makarov PM pistol

A legendary pistol, without a doubt. The standard of reliability, relatively compact, always ready for battle. Even despite its venerable age, it still remains in service and is actively used both in the shooting range and in battle. A classic pistol for civilian and police use. Of course, this is not a pistol for target or high-speed shooting, but placing three bullets in the center of a standard target (a circle with a diameter of 10 cm) from 25 m is not a problem for this “old man”. He is capable of more. Some of our PMs allow you to place five holes in a 6 cm circle. As for the low stopping effect of a bullet, I can say that this is said by individuals who, at best, kill paper targets, and have never fired in a combat situation. It is important to hit the vital organs of the “target”, otherwise even a rifle bullet will not guarantee a reliable hit.

9-mm self-loading pistol PM

Some problems are caused by bullets with a steel core Pst, which sometimes ricochet from solid obstacles. IN last years the situation with ammunition for PM has changed, cartridges with bullets with increased stopping power and increased penetration ability of PBM (7N25) have appeared. For example, the cartridge for law enforcement agencies PPO allows the use of weapons (pistols and submachine guns) in indoors, V populated areas, with a low probability of dangerous ricochets, due to the absence of a solid core in the bullet. There is information about the poor quality of PPO cartridges and unstable characteristics, but the cartridges supplied to our unit do not present any unpleasant surprises and the weapon works with them like a clock.

Makarov pistol Upgraded PMM-12

Modernization of PM for increased power cartridge. Improved handle ergonomics, increased capacity magazine. It is used with both Pst and PPO cartridges, since standard 7N16 cartridges are very rare and have not been produced for a long time.

9-mm self-loading pistol PMM

Springs in magazines work under overstress, so they quickly lose their elasticity, which leads to delays when shooting. Poor quality plastic from which the feeder is made will cause cracks and wear or breakage of the feeder tooth.

Pistol Tula Tokarev TT

Another weapon legend. A lot has been said about him, but very little can be added. More suitable for military applications when brought into combat readiness. For its relatively small dimensions, one of powerful pistols in the world.

7.62 mm TT self-loading pistols

And it’s much nicer to the touch, for example, than PY and all sorts of Glocks. Completely unsuitable for urban shootings and self-defense. The bullet's high penetrating power and lack of self-cocking can lead to prison (shooting right through to a random passerby) or to a cemetery (you have to have time to cock the trigger).

Automatic pistol Stechkin APS

The same age as PM, even more popular. Pistol with a capital letter. Reliable, powerful, accurate, with a large ammunition load and the ability to fire automatically. Often used as the main weapon during operations in tight quarters, when using bulletproof shields, when only one hand is free. Automatic mode is used when shooting at close ranges to create a high density of fire and a greater probability of destruction.

APS pistols with standard holsters, stocks and pouches.

APS pistols in a converted hip holster with a rubber grip and a twisted pistol strap

Employee Favorite special units, still in demand today. Even before the pistol arrives at the unit, a real “hunt” is already underway for it. Some, having tasted the “delights” of PYa, prefer to exchange them for old, sometimes dismantled APS. The pistol has a streamlined shape and does not catch on anything when quickly removed from the holster. Some problems when holding it are caused by the pistol grip, which has been polished over the years by palms and clothing. In hot and cold weather, the gun tends to “slip” out of your hands. But this minor nuisance can be eliminated by putting a piece of a bicycle inner tube or pad, such as Uncle Mike’s, on the handle.
The pistol is not small, but with proper skill and experience it can be carried concealed, like all pistols. I usually carry it in a self-made belly holster, without any fasteners, for quick removal, and with a coiled pistol strap, or in a suitable cross-body bag.
I never use a safety, even if there is a cartridge in the chamber; no one is outraged by the lack of safety on most revolvers, and a loaded self-cocking pistol is as safe as a loaded revolver. When working in urban conditions, I carry the pistol in a converted hip holster, and not fastened - the design of the holster allows me to hold the pistol even in an upside-down position. I carry spare magazines on my left hip in a homemade pouch. One magazine always with an open valve for quick removal.

Pistol Yarygin PYA

A miracle of Russian weapons thought. Although, undoubtedly, a long-awaited type of army pistol. Powerful, moderately ergonomic, with a capacious magazine. But... I doubt that in Soviet times it would have been adopted. The gun is frankly “raw”. Angular, with protruding parts, as if carved out with an axe. The workmanship is appropriate. When shooting ten new pistols with sports cartridges issued for shooting practice, two pistols had cartridge cases stuck, one misfired, and after re-puncture, it fired. When equipping magazines, the sharp edges of the sponges cut your fingers, and in order not to die from periodic bleeding, you have to pick up a file. When increasing the magazine capacity by one cartridge, the holes would have to be moved to control the number of cartridges (the Ministry of Internal Affairs adopted an 18-round pistol). The holes themselves are located on the right side, and in order to visually determine the number of cartridges, the magazine must be completely pulled out of the handle or you must be left-handed. It was probably not possible to move the holes to the left wall of the store or to the back.

The magazine latch is not protected in any way; accidental pressing while wearing is not uncommon. At best, you can lose the magazine, at worst, you can be left in danger with an empty chamber, because when you accidentally press the magazine release button, it moves down from the chambering line and the bolt slips past the cartridge. And the magazine seems to be in the handle, pressed with a latch. The store itself should be made like an APS store, with large windows, or like a PSM magazine, to make it easier to load with cartridges. The bolt stop lever is located close to the safety and when you press one of the levers, the other one also falls under your finger, which requires additional effort. On some relatively new pistols, the bolt spontaneously breaks off the slide stop. The back of the shutter is of an openwork design. Probably specially made for collecting various garbage. (Unlike PM and APS).

9mm automatic pistols APS

The notch in the front of the bolt is probably a tribute to fashion and nothing more. When using this notch, your fingers will encounter sharp edges on the front of the frame. Maybe it is used to check the presence of a cartridge in the chamber, as is done on foreign pistols? But for this there is an indicator of the presence of a cartridge in the chamber.
Double-sided safety lever. Good decision. But if there is only a right-handed standard holster, this solution remains unclaimed. The same can be said about setting the safety with the hammer cocked. A completely unnecessary feature. When removing the pistol from the holster, cocking the hammer at the same time does not present any problems. Moreover, self-cocking on the PJ is soft and does not greatly affect the accuracy of the first shot.

9-mm self-loading pistol PYA

What cannot be taken away from the PY is the smooth descent and quick return to the aiming line after the shot. It is more suitable for high-speed shooting. The similarity between USM PI and PSM is obvious and noticeable even to a non-specialist. Why not make the safety the same as on the PSM design and place it on the bolt, ensuring simultaneous removal of the safety and cocking the hammer. And at the same time close the back of the shutter from possible clogging with foreign objects. Protrusion on the front trigger guard for the index finger. Maybe it improves shooting accuracy - I didn’t notice much of a difference. The pistol throws in the same way as with a normal grip. And with such a wide bracket, for a normal grip you need not an index finger, but a tentacle. Sights it was necessary to make it streamlined in order to prevent snagging on clothing or an operational holster.

The pistol comes with only one spare magazine. Standard cartridges with the Pst bullet differ from the 9x19 Luger sports cartridges used during shooting practice in the level of acoustic impact on the shooter, greater recoil force and strong flash when fired. As a result, the shooter learns about these features only when using the pistol in combat conditions. When using cartridges with a Pst bullet in enclosed spaces, dangerous ricochets were observed, which can be corrected by replacing half of the carried ammunition with cartridges with bullets with a lead core. In general, this is the case with this pistol. Complete analogy with domestic and foreign cars. Similar, but something about ours is not the same...

Self-loading pistol Special PSS

Here we can say with complete confidence the phrase that is abused in our country - “has no analogues.” Compact pistol, flat enough for concealed carry. Accurate, unpretentious, always ready for battle - no need to attach a silencer.

Used as a second or third weapon. Rarely, but if necessary, he is ready at your service. A pistol is not uncommon among those who are entitled to one. There are no problems with cartridges either.

NRS-2 knife, PN14K glasses, PSS pistol, SP4 and 7N36 cartridges

Revolver TKB-0216

A thoroughly degraded version of the Smith and Wesson revolvers. Its only advantage is its smooth and soft descent. Given its large dimensions, it would be possible to use more powerful ammunition, for example SP10, SP11.

9-mm revolver TKB-0216(OTs-01 Cobalt)

Poorly fitted handle cheeks. The drum axis often unscrews spontaneously.

Submachine gun PP-93

Compact submachine gun with good firing capabilities. With some experience, you can “plant” the entire magazine into a target. Good accuracy even when firing automatic fire with one hand. The APB modification includes a PBS and a powerful LP93 laser target designator. Unfortunately, either a PBS or a laser can be attached to the barrel at the same time. Fastening is carried out using a latch and has a large backlash. The shoulder rest is a masterpiece. Thanks to the low recoil, it is still possible to deal with the embryo of the butt plate, but due to poor fixation of the shoulder rest in the firing position, the bullets do not always go in the desired direction. And over time, this knot becomes even more loose.

9-mm APB submachine guns (modification PP-93) with installed PBS (top) or laser pointer (bottom)

The magazine release button is very good. No complaints, which cannot be said about the cocking handle, located very interesting place. To quickly cock the shutter, you need to practice for a long time, since you have to not only pull the handle, but before that you also have to push it down and remember to return it back, like on a PC. Otherwise, during a shot, you can hit your fingers with the handle returning with the bolt. The safety switch is located on the “right” side, but the flat shape does not always allow you to quickly change fire modes, especially in winter time, wearing gloves.

9 mm submachine gun SR-2M "Veresk"

A powerful submachine gun, accurate, with large ammunition capacity. The samples purchased for the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation do not have standard collimator sight- one of the main attributes of this weapon. Instead of a standard case, there is a case for an AKS-74U assault rifle and a bag for AK-74 magazines. Apparently, the Ministry of Internal Affairs did not have enough money, or the responsible officials did not consider it necessary to purchase weapons as standard.

9-mm SR-2M submachine gun with a 30-round magazine. There's a 20-round magazine nearby.

SR-2M submachine gun - safety and reloading handle are located on the right side

At the first communication, one is surprised by the ill-conceived arrangement of controls. The fuse is located on the right side, although if you place it on the left side, under thumb, then it would be possible to quickly bring the weapon into combat readiness, and also quickly transfer it to a safe state. And all this - with one hand. The fire mode translator, on the contrary, is most often used once, and quick access to it is not necessary. For quick reloading, the bolt handle should be moved to the other side or made double-sided. With the butt folded, on some samples, the right rod overlaps the folded cocking handle by a couple of millimeters, and the handle has to be pulled out from under the butt.

When the Vereski arrived at the unit, everyone who picked them up noticed that the shoulder rest was too long. When shooting in a bulletproof vest, this is very noticeable, especially when holding the front handle.
By the way, about the handle. The thing is, of course, necessary. When using the handle lock, sooner or later it pinches the skin on the index finger. The handle itself is located close to the muzzle, which gets very hot during intense shooting and does not add comfort to the hand. It would be a good idea to install a plastic pad at the bottom of the muzzle. A muzzle with compensation holes would be nice. When holding the weapon by the front handle, the sharp edges of the lower part of the fore-end cut into the hand. Tolerable, but unpleasant. Just recently, during an operation, I tried to silently chamber a cartridge. That is, accompany with your hand bolt carrier avoiding impact with moving parts in the forward position. I did this out of habit, since this trick works on 9A-91.

The bolt pushed out the upper cartridge, which along the way pulled the lower one along with it. As a result, the upper cartridge buried itself in the breech section of the barrel, the lower cartridge half crawled out of the magazine, supported the upper cartridge from below and jammed the magazine, which turned out to be impossible to remove. I had to hold the bolt frame with my left hand, pick out the upper cartridge with my right finger, and push the lower one back into the magazine. The owner's manual attributes this delay to a magazine malfunction. And this is - on a new SMG with several rounds fired. In general, in terms of size, ease of use and power, the SR-2M is inferior to the proven and reliable 9A-91 assault rifle.

Currently in Russia there are a large number of models of small arms, including pistols. But the “veterans” - TT, PM and APS, who have served people for decades, are still of particular interest.

Currently in Russia there are a large number of models of small arms, including pistols. They differ in caliber, in the principle of operation of the automation, and in the tasks for which they are intended. But the most significant authority is still possessed by the “veterans” - TT, PM and APS, who have served people for decades.

The most honored of the above is the “pistol of 1933”, more often called TT - Tula Tokarev.

It was adopted by the Red Army in 1930 to replace the Nagan 1895 revolver, which was both morally and physically obsolete. In terms of its tactical and technical characteristics, the TT was superior to all contemporary models. Exceptional simplicity, strength and reliability, as well as the low cost of its production - these are the distinctive features of this pistol.

In 1933, the TT underwent minor modernization. Minor changes were made to the trigger mechanism; the rear wall of the handle was made solid.

The TT automation worked using the recoil of the barrel during its short stroke. When the barrel moved back, the movable earring lowered its breech. At the same time, the weapon was reloaded (the same principle was used by the Colt M1911A pistol, which allowed Western authors writing about weapons to call the TT “Tokarev-Colt pistol”).

The pistol uses a 7.62x25 caliber cartridge (the same as in the Mauser pistol). Later, the PPD (1934), PPSh (1941), and PPS (1942) submachine guns were developed for this cartridge.

However, the pistol also has a rather significant drawback - it does not have a fuse as an independent part. Its role is played by the trigger safety cock. But if the pistol falls, a spontaneous discharge is possible as a result of a break in the safety cocking.

The pistol passed the tests of the Great Patriotic War with honor, proving itself to be a powerful, simple and reliable melee weapon. It remained in service for some time after the war. Its popularity is also evidenced by the fact that the production of the TT was established in China, Poland, Hungary, Yugoslavia and other countries. In some of them, the TT is still produced today.

High shooting accuracy is ensured due to the successful arrangement of pistol parts. Due to the fact that the center of gravity of the pistol and the axial axis of the barrel are shifted closer to the handle, the TT, with its fairly significant weight (940 grams), is practically not felt in the hand.

But the development of individual small arms required new solutions. At some point, the TT ceased to be a self-sufficient weapon, and in 1951 it was replaced by N.F. Makarov (PM) and I.Ya. Stechkin (APS) pistols.

Both of these automatic pistols use the simplest, and therefore more reliable, principle - blowback. Both pistols have a return spring mounted directly on the barrel (although in the first modification of the APS the return spring was located under the barrel, as in Browning system pistols). For both of these pistols, a 9x18 cartridge was developed, which is more powerful than that used in the TT.

The undoubted advantage of the PM is the design of the firing mechanism. The self-cocking device allows you to fire the first shot (if there is a cartridge in the chamber) without first cocking the hammer. The safety lever is located in the rear part of the bolt casing, on the left, which allows you to operate the pistol with one hand (the right hand holding the weapon). Bringing the pistol into a firing position for its further wearing in this position is carried out as follows. Jerking the bolt forces the cartridge into the chamber. Then the safety is turned on, but no shot occurs. Now to fire the first shot you only need to remove the safety and pull the trigger.

APS

Despite the apparent similarity, APS and PM are completely different types of individual small arms. The APS is intended to arm officers directly involved in combat operations. The trigger mechanism of this pistol is also self-cocking, allowing not only single fire, but also burst fire. The safety lever, located in the same way as on the Makarov pistol, also serves as a fire translator. The sight of this pistol is mobile, for shooting at distances of 25, 50, 100 and 200 meters. The magazine holds 20 rounds (staggered). The APS pistol is worn in a wooden or plastic holster, which, fastened to the back wall of the handle, acts as a butt when firing in bursts. In extreme cases, burst fire can be fired directly from the hand, without a butt (the cartridge used allows this to be done). Unfortunately, despite the perfection of the design, during operation, serious shortcomings of the APS were revealed (primarily its excessive weight and dimensions), so at present this pistol is no longer produced, giving way to submachine guns such as "Kedr", "Kashtan" " and "Cypress", using the same 9x18 mm cartridge.

The Makarov PM pistol, on the contrary, served as the base model for a number of new developments. In 1994, the PMM, a modernized Makarov pistol, was put into mass production. Externally, it is practically no different from the base model (except for the cheeks of the handle), but its magazine holds 12 57-N-181SM cartridges, which, although no different in size from the standard Makarov cartridge, has increased penetration and stopping power. The design of the chamber has been slightly changed - three helical grooves are made on its surface, providing inhibition of bolt recoil and smoothing out the difference in automatic dynamics when firing conventional and reinforced cartridges. Otherwise, the design, which has proven itself well over more than 40 years of operation, has not undergone any changes.

IZH-71

In the mid-1990s, the IZH-71 pistol was developed specifically for security personnel, based on the PM, which uses the 9x17 Kurz cartridge and has specially reduced characteristics (for example, the initial bullet speed of the IZH-71 is 290 m /s versus 320 m/s for PM). The IZH-71 magazine is available in 2 versions - 8 and 10 rounds (in the latter case the pistol is called IZH-71-10). Externally, the IZH-71 differs from the PM, again, in the cheeks of the handle.

PSM

Especially for arming the senior command staff of the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KGB-FSB, the creative team consisting of T.I. Lashnev, A.A. Simarin and L.L. Kulikov developed the PSM pistol (small-sized self-loading pistol). This pistol is chambered for the new 5.45mm cartridge. The trigger mechanism is self-cocking. The location of the fuse is interesting (above the back of the bolt). When it is turned off, the hammer is cocked at the same time. The pistol has no protruding parts, so its thickness does not exceed 18 mm, which creates advantages when carrying it concealed. But due to the low penetrating power of the cartridge, this weapon is of little use in real combat. Rather, its niche is as an individual self-defense weapon. All its design features point to this.

Of course, new types of pistols are now being produced, designed to perform completely different tasks in different conditions, but TT, PM, APS and PSM have left their worthy contribution to history, having faithfully served the cause of defending the Motherland for decades.