Dagger (anti-aircraft missile system). Hypersonic aviation missile system "Dagger System dagger"

On the first day of spring, Russian President Vladimir Putin addressed the Federal Assembly with his annual message. The head of state spoke about recent successes and set new goals. In addition, he touched upon the topic of strategic weapons designed to ensure the country's security. In the future, all major branches of the armed forces will receive new systems, including combat aviation. It is proposed to use the Kinzhal aviation missile system together with existing aircraft.

V. Putin began the story about new weapons for the aerospace forces with a reminder of current trends in the field of aerospace technologies. Now the leading countries with great scientific potential and have modern technologies, are developing the so-called hypersonic weapons. Next, the president gave a short “lecture” on physics and aerodynamics. He pointed out that the speed of sound is traditionally measured in mach, a unit named after the Austrian physicist Ernst Mach. At an altitude of 11 km, Mach 1 is equal to 1062 km/h. Speed ​​from M=1 to M=5 is considered supersonic, more than M=5 – hypersonic.

Weapons with hypersonic flight speed give the armed forces the most significant advantages over the enemy. Similar weapons may differ high power, and high speed protects it from interception by anti-aircraft or missile defense. Interceptors simply cannot catch up with the attacking product. As the president said, it is understandable why the leading countries of the world are striving to acquire such weapons. But Russia already has such means.

The most important stage of creation modern means weapons V. Putin called the development of a high-precision aviation missile system, which is said to have no analogues in foreign countries. Testing of this system has already been completed. Moreover, since December 1, the new complex has been used on experimental combat duty at the airfields of the Southern Military District.

MiG-31BM takes off with a Kinzhal missile

According to V. Putin, the rocket, with the help of a high-speed carrier aircraft, should reach the launch site in a matter of minutes. After release, the rocket reaches a speed ten times the speed of sound. Throughout the entire trajectory, despite the high speed, the product is capable of performing maneuvers. The ability to change the flight path allows you to protect the missile from enemy defenses. According to the president, the new missile is guaranteed to overcome modern and, possibly, promising air defense and missile defense systems. The hypersonic missile is capable of flying at a range of up to 2 thousand km and delivering a conventional or nuclear warhead to the target.

Unlike some others promising developments presented last week, the aviation missile system has already received proper name. It was designated as "Dagger". Other names and designations, such as GRAU index, working project code, etc. the president did not bring it.

As is the case with other new weapons, the president’s words were followed by a demonstration video showing interesting footage from tests of a promising missile system. Video footage most clearly confirms V. Putin’s statements about testing. Some of the stages of one of the test launches, filmed by military cameramen, were allowed to be used in the video for showing to the general public.

Airplane before dropping a rocket

The video begins with footage of the MiG-31BM fighter-interceptor taking off. Already during the takeoff run, it is clear that under the bottom of its fuselage there is not the usual and standard ammunition suspended, but some new weapon. The interceptor lifts a large and massive new type of missile into the air. Part of the further flight to the launch point, however, was shown using simplified computer graphics. But then again there was a video recording of real tests with a real rocket launch.

While on given course and maintaining a certain altitude and speed, the carrier aircraft dropped the Kinzhal missile. In free flight, it “failed” in altitude, after which it dropped the tail fairing and started the main engine. The flight of the rocket was again not shown in the form of documentary footage and was depicted schematically. In the next episode, a computer model of an aircraft dropped an animated missile, and it headed along a ballistic trajectory towards the mock enemy ship. It is worth noting that the drawn target ship had a recognizable appearance and was similar to some real sample.

Product X-47M2 separated

The final stages of the missile's flight, reaching the target area and then aiming at it, were shown using graphics. Moreover, this time the “camera” was located directly on board the rocket. The product headed towards the enemy ship, went into a dive, and then the video signal, as expected, disappeared. However, the video showed the defeat of a target, albeit a different one. The ammunition fell on a land fortification and blew it up. The MiG-31BM carrier aircraft, in turn, returned to the airfield and landed.

Shortly after the end of the president’s speech, new information about the Dagger project appeared. Thus, the Russian press cited the second designation of the new missile - Kh-47M2. The Commander of the Aerospace Forces, Colonel General Sergei Surovikin, indicated that the new missile belongs to the class of hypersonic aeroballistic weapons. According to him, state tests of the new complex have already been carried out at the training grounds of the Ministry of Defense. During inspections, it fully confirmed its effectiveness. All missile launches resulted in accurate destruction of the intended targets.

The Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace Forces also revealed some details of the combat operation of the Dagger product. Thus, in the final ballistic phase of the flight, the missile uses an all-weather homing head. This ensures the possibility of using the missile at any time of the day while obtaining the required accuracy and selectivity in hitting the target. The maximum speed of a rocket in flight is 10 times the speed of sound. The firing range, as confirmed by the commander in chief, reaches 2 thousand km.

Tail cone reset

Thus, in the interests of the Aerospace Forces, a new aeroballistic missile was developed, suitable for the destruction of various ground or surface objects. The X-47M2 “Dagger” product can carry both conventional and special combat unit, which expands the range of tasks to be solved. MiG-31 interceptors of the latest BM modification are currently used as carriers.

One of the most interesting features Project "Dagger" is the choice of carrier aircraft. They decided to use the air-to-surface missile with a fighter whose armament is based on air-to-air products. The reasons for this are obvious. The maximum speed of the MiG-31BM aircraft at altitude reaches 3,400 km/h, which allows it to reach the launch point in a minimum time. In addition, the high flight speed of the carrier when releasing the rocket allows one to obtain some advantages. At the moment of release, the rocket already has a high initial speed, and therefore the energy of its engine is spent only on subsequent acceleration with access to a quasi-ballistic trajectory.

Engine starting

Thus, the missile's potential, provided by hypersonic flight speed, is not reduced due to insufficient carrier parameters. From the point of view of flight speed, preliminary acceleration of the missile and speed of solving combat missions, the MiG-31BM is the most successful platform.

The X-47M2 product has a very simple shapes and outlines. The rocket received a conical head fairing, which accounts for about half the length of the product. The second half of the body is formed by a cylindrical section equipped with X-shaped planes in the tail section. During the flight under the aircraft, the smooth tail section of the hull is equipped with a disposable fairing in the shape of a truncated cone. Exact information about the design of the product has not yet been provided, but we can already say that it is equipped with a solid propellant propulsion engine. The type of homing head is unknown.

It should be noted that the new aircraft missile is very similar in appearance to the ballistic ammunition of the Iskander operational-tactical complex. In the past on different levels There have been rumors about the possible creation of an aviation modification of this system, but they have not yet received official confirmation. The characteristic exterior of the newest Kinzhal missile can serve as a kind of confirmation of rumors of the recent past. At the same time, similarities can only be due to similar technical requirements and tactical roles.

The rocket headed towards the target

It is alleged that the Kinzhal missile belongs to the aeroballistic class. This means that the product is dropped from the carrier aircraft, after which it turns on the engine and, with its help, enters an upward trajectory. Further, the flight occurs almost the same as in the case of other ballistic missiles. The difference between the Kh-47M2 and other systems is determined by the use of a homing head. The devices, the type of which has not yet been specified, are used to detect the target and correct the missile's course at all stages of the flight, including the downward portion of the ballistic trajectory. In the latter case, the most accurate hit at the specified target is ensured.

The promising Kinzhal, like the already well-known Iskander, has characteristic capabilities: the missiles of both complexes are capable of maneuvering on a trajectory. Because of this, enemy anti-missile systems lose the ability to timely calculate the trajectory of an approaching missile and correctly intercept it. On the downward section of the trajectory, the rocket develops maximum speed, up to M=10, which sharply reduces the permissible reaction time. As a result, the Kinzhal system is truly capable of demonstrating the highest combat performance and breaking through existing system air and missile defense.

Demonstration of the principles of constructing a flight path

First, Vladimir Putin, and then Sergei Surovikin spoke about recent work within the framework of the project with the “Dagger” code. No later than last fall, industry and the Ministry of Defense carried out all the necessary tests of the newest missile, and also completed its development. Already on December 1, an order appeared to accept the new missile for experimental combat operation. The X-47M2 product is operated as part of a full-fledged complex, which also includes the MiG-31BM carrier aircraft. So far, only aviation units from the Southern Military District have new weapons.

Apparently, in the foreseeable future, the armed forces will complete the trial operation of the latest weapons, and soon after this the Kinzhal complex will receive a recommendation for adoption. The result of this will be the rearmament of aviation units, accompanied by a significant increase in the strike potential of tactical aviation.

The rocket hits the target

It should be recalled that at the moment Russian tactical aviation only has air-to-surface systems with a launch range of tens or hundreds of kilometers. Products capable of flying thousands of kilometers are in service only in strategic aviation. The Kinzhal missile system with a launch range of up to 2000 km will actually occupy an intermediate position between purely tactical and exclusively strategic weapons. With its help, it will be possible to strike enemy targets at operational-strategic depth as quickly as possible.

Greater flexibility of use will be ensured by the existence of special and non-nuclear warheads. Depending on the task at hand and the type of object being attacked, it will be possible to choose one or another warhead. Thus, the combat qualities of the Kh-47M2 missile will fully correspond to its “intermediate” position. Tactical aviation, in turn, will bring its capabilities closer to strategic ones.

All promising samples strategic weapons, presented by Vladimir Putin last Thursday, were created in the interests of nuclear forces and to ensure deterrence of a potential enemy. The Kinzhal aviation missile system fully meets such tasks, although it turns out to be more flexible and versatile in comparison with other systems. Depending on the situation in the theater of military operations, it can become a means of a powerful strike by tactical aviation forces or solve problems inherent in strategic complexes.

The Kinzhal missile system has already passed almost all stages of testing, including state tests. Based on the results of development work, it was placed on experimental combat duty in units of the Aerospace Forces. Thus, the armed forces have already received one of the newest models strike weapons and now they are mastering it. In the foreseeable future, upon completion of all required checks and trial operation, the new missile will be put into service and delivered to parts warehouses. The potential of the Aerospace Forces will increase noticeably, and along with it, the country’s defense capability will improve.

For several years in a row, the topic of long-range shipborne air defense systems and air defense systems continues to be raised in the media and periodicals: the S-300 Fort-M, or PAAMS. But in a modern naval confrontation, sooner or later, the question of the own survival of one or another ship from the strike group will arise.

Considering the most diverse combination and method of using modern anti-ship missiles, it is clear that practically no warship will have so many missiles in its ammunition load long range, especially since most ships with a displacement of up to 5000 tons do not carry such systems. In close-range defense matters, fast air defense systems with minimum time reaction and highly maneuverable interceptor missiles, which are capable of deterring massive targeted strikes by anti-ship missiles or anti-ship missiles, the so-called “star raids”.

Russia, having the status of a maritime superpower, is a full-fledged leader in defensive systems of its warships, and the Navy has two types of such systems in its arsenal (we do not take the standard one into account): the Kinzhal air defense system and the Kortik air defense system. All these systems have been adopted by Russian Navy ships.

KZRK "Dagger"- the brainchild of NPO "Altair" is a close-range complex that provides good self-defense from heavy air strikes and high-tech weapons within a radius of 12 km. Thanks to the K-12-1 radar post, it is capable of intercepting even small free-falling bombs. “Dagger” is a 4-channel air defense system, its 9M330-2 missile defense system is identical to the 9M331 anti-aircraft missile, which is armed with the ground-based Tor-M1 air defense system, and an ejection launch is implemented.

The complex has a maximum interception range of 12 km, target flight altitude of 6 km, intercepted target speed of 2550 km/h, anti-ship missile response time of about 8 s. UVPU 4S95 is an 8-cell turret type, like the B-203A of the S-300F(FM) complex.

The K-12-1 radar post allows you to track 8 air targets, fire at 4, detect low-flying targets (altitude 500 m) at a distance of about 30 km, taking into account the possibility of integrating the “Dagger” with ship-based radar-AWACS type “Fregat-MA” or “Podberyozovik” ", the tracking range increases to 200-250 km (for high-altitude targets).

The antenna post is equipped with an OLPC, which allows the crew of operators to visually monitor the target and the approach of the missile guided missile controlled by the radio command method. The antenna post is also capable of controlling the operation of the 30-mm ZAK AK-630M and adjusting the operation of the ZRAK.

A highly maneuverable missile with a warhead weighing 15.6 kg can maneuver with an overload of 25-30 units. On ships of the Russian Navy, 2 antenna posts K-12-1 are often installed, which makes the system 8-channel (BOD of Project 1155 “Udaloy”), and in the case of 4 antenna posts, opening up as many as 16 channels for the defense of an aircraft-carrying missile carrier. Ammunition is impressive - 192 missiles.

ZRAK "Dirk" also covers the near line of our only aircraft carrier in the 8-kilometer zone, but also covers the one-and-a-half-kilometer dead zone of the Kortika, “pulverizing” large fragments of targets destroyed by the Kinzhal with the help of two 30-mm AP AO-18. Their overall rate of fire is close to 200 rounds/s.

KZRAK "Kortik" on board the corvette "Steregushchy" - ready for battle around the clock

The KZRS, represented by the Kortika BM, can consist of up to 6 BMs and 1 PBU. The PBU is equipped with a radar detector, as well as a system for analytical distribution of the most dangerous targets between the combat vehicles. Each robot-like BM is equipped with a 30-mm AO-18 (AK-630M) pair; 2x3 or 2x4 blocks of 9M311 missile defense systems, the same as on the 2K22 Tunguska ZRAK.

The missile has a speed of 600 m/s, and a warhead weighing 15 kg is capable of overtaking targets that “unscrew” 7-fold overloads at speeds of up to 1800 km/h. The illumination and guidance radar is capable of providing a throughput of about 6 targets/min for each module. For “Admiral Kuznetsov” this means another 48 targets fired at per minute, in addition to the 16 channels of the “Dagger” - that’s 64 targets! How do you like the defense of our ship? It happens that one in the field is a warrior...

And now we bring to your attention two more compact and modern air defense systems, the combat elements of which have proven themselves very well.

Ship modification of the VL MICA air defense system. The complex was designed on the basis of the French air-to-air missile MICA. The missile design offers 2 seeker options - infrared (MICA-IR) and active radar "EM". The rate of fire is slightly faster than the "Dagger" (about 2 s). The missiles are equipped with OVT and are capable of realizing 50-fold overloads at speeds of up to 3120 km/h, there are also aerodynamic rudders, the firing range of the complex is 12...15 km.

The warhead is a HE with a mass of 12 kg and has a directional action, which confirms the good accuracy of the guidance systems. The MICA-EM missile seeker is an active radar AD4A, with an operating frequency of 12000-18000 MHz, has a high degree of protection from noise and natural interference, and is capable of capturing targets at a distance of 12-15 km, selecting dipole reflectors and electronic countermeasures.

SAM "MICA" in the UVPU cell

Initial target designation and illumination can be carried out by most Western European shipborne radar systems, such as EMPAR, Sampson, SIR-M and other older modifications. Missiles of the VL MICA complex can be placed in the UVPU shipborne air defense system"VL Seawolf" or the more universal "SYLVER", which are intended for use as anti-aircraft missiles(PAAMS, VL MICA, Standart systems of the latest modifications) and winged (SCALP, BGM -109 B/E).

For the VL MICA KZRK, an individual special size of the eight-cell container UVPU “SYLVER” is used - A-43, which has a length of 5400 mm and a weight of 7500 kg. Each container is equipped with a four-antenna unit and a synchronization modem via a radio command channel.

Options for repelling air attacks using the MICA air defense system

This complex is very technologically advanced, effective, and therefore “takes root” very well in the Navy developing countries: in the Oman Navy they are equipped with 3 corvettes of the Kharif project, also on the stealthy Falaj corvettes of the UAE Navy and on the Malaysian corvettes Nakhoda Ragam, etc. And its relatively low cost and the MICA missile are well known and tested in the French Air Force " determines its further success in the naval weapons market.

The Oman Navy corvette Kharif has a MICA self-defense missile system on board

And the last, no less weak defensive air defense system of our today's review - "Umkhonto"(in Russian - “Spear”). The complex was designed by Denel Dynamics. In terms of weight and dimensions, the missile defense system of the complex is close to the V3E A-Darter BVB aircraft missile; it also has an OVT and aerodynamic rudders.

Both the MICA complex and the Umkhonto complex use missiles with IR-seeker (Umkhonto-IR) and ARGSN (Umkhonto-R). The missiles have a maximum speed of 2125 km/h and an interception range of 12 km (for the IR modification) and 20 km (for the AR modification). The Umkhonto-IR missile defense system has an infrared seeker unified with the V3E A-Darter missile, which was described in detail in our previous article regarding the progress of the South African Armed Forces. The head has large pumping angles of the coordination device and a high angular speed of sight, which allowed the missile defense system on a turn to reach 40 units, which puts it on the same level as the R-77 and MICA missiles.

The maximum overload is lower than that of the Darter (100 units) due to 1.4 times greater mass SAM than the air version (125 versus 90 kg) and lower thrust-to-weight ratio. The high-explosive fragmentation warhead weighs 23 kg, which ensures a high destructive effect.

Target guidance for two missiles is inertial with radio command correction - at the beginning of the trajectory, and thermal or active radar - at the end, i.e. “set it and forget it” principle. This is a very important factor for a modern air defense system, which makes it possible to relieve the combat saturation of the illumination radar by releasing occupied target channels during a massive air attack.

The rocket launches in the “hot launch” mode from the UVPU guide; each guide is also a TPK for rockets and has its own launch gas duct. The complex's combat information and control system allows for simultaneous interception of 8 complex air targets. The computerized system of all modules, from the antenna to the control unit, allows for quick diagnostics of problems, which makes this complex one of the most successful in its class.

South African Navy Valur-class frigate

Hamina-class patrol boat of the Finnish Navy

The Umkhonto air defense system has found its application in the South African and Finnish navies. In South Africa it is installed on four Valour-class frigates of the MEKO project, and in the Finnish Navy on advanced stealth coastal defense boats of the Hamina class.

In this article, we described the 3 best close-in defense systems of a ship's order, the appearance of which allows us to personally analyze the technical potential of the manufacturing state to gain a foothold in the merciless military and economic world arena.

/Evgeny Damantsev/

The Kinzhal air defense system (3K95, export - Blade) is a multi-channel, all-weather, autonomous complex capable of repelling a massive attack of low-flying anti-ship, anti-radar missiles, guided and unguided bombs, airplanes, and helicopters. In the 80s it was created under the leadership of S.A. Fadeev in NPO "Altair".

SAM Dagger - video

In the Soviet Union, work on creating modern, highly effective shipborne self-defense systems began in the second half of the 1970s. The command and specialists of the USSR Navy were able to promptly discern the threat posed by the latest anti-ship missiles. At the same time, work on the creation of such systems went in two directions - the creation of rapid-fire artillery systems, in the design of the barrel block of which it was decided to use the principle of the American designer Gatling (a rotating block of barrels), and the development of completely new, by and large unique ship-based anti-aircraft missile systems, distinctive the features of which were to be a high degree of response and guidance/homing accuracy, as well as high fire performance, ensuring the ability to effectively destroy such complex targets as low-flying anti-ship missiles.

As part of this process, in 1975, specialists from the State Research and Production Association (SNPO) "Altair" under the leadership of S.A. Fadeev, on instructions from the command of the Soviet Navy, began work on a new multi-channel shipborne air defense system, which was given the name “Dagger” (NATO designation – SA-N-9 “Gauntlet”, later the export designation “Blade” appeared).

In addition to SNPO Altair (today – JSC MNIRE “Altair”), designated as the general developer of the Kinzhal complex as a whole, the Design Bureau (KB) Fakel (today – JSC MKB Fakel named after. Academician P.D. Grushin"; developer and manufacturer of the combat weapon of the 9M330 type anti-aircraft guided missile complex), Serpukhov OJSC "Ratep" (developer and manufacturer of the complex control system), Sverdlovsk Research and Production Enterprise (NPP) "Start" (developer and manufacturer launcher of the complex) and other organizations and enterprises of the domestic military-industrial complex.

When developing a new ship complex, in order to obtain high performance characteristics, the developer decided to widely use the fundamental circuit solutions obtained during the creation of the ship's long-range air defense system "Fort", namely a multi-channel radar with a phased array antenna with electronic beam control and vertical launch of missiles from transport and launch containers located in the below-deck “revolver” type launcher (the version of the launcher for 8 missiles was chosen for the complex). In addition, to increase the autonomy of the new complex, similar to the Osa-M air defense system, the control system of the Kinzhal air defense system included its own all-round radar, located at a single antenna post 3P95.

The new air defense system used a radio command guidance system for anti-aircraft guided missiles, which differed high accuracy(efficiency). Plus, in order to ensure increased noise immunity, a television-optical tracking system was additionally included in the antenna post. Ultimately, according to experts, in comparison with the old ship-based air defense system of the Osa-M type, the combat capabilities of the Kinzhal type air defense system were increased by approximately 5-6 times.

SAM "Dagger" on the BOD "Admiral Vinogradov"

Tests of the Kinzhal air defense system took place in the Black Sea, starting in 1982, on a small anti-submarine ship MPK-104, completed according to a specially modified project 1124K. According to data published in the open press, during demonstration firing in the spring of 1986 with the complex installed on board the MPK-104, all four missiles were shot down cruise missiles P-35s, used as simulators of enemy air attack weapons and launched from coastal launchers. However, the high novelty and complexity of the new missile system led to a serious delay in its development and refinement, so it was only by 1986 that the Kinzhal-type air defense system was finally adopted by the USSR Navy. But on large anti-submarine ships of Project 1155, in full, according to the previously approved plan, configuration option - 8 modules of 8 missiles each - the complex was installed only in 1989. Around the second half of the 1990s. a complex called “Blade” is offered for export, supplies are already available.

It should be especially noted that the technical and technological difficulties that the developers of the Kinzhal air defense system had to face led to the fact that, despite the initial requirement of the customer’s tactical and technical specifications, to meet the weight and size characteristics of the ship’s self-defense air defense system of the Osa-M type, to fulfill this condition was not possible. Ultimately, this made it possible to equip only warships with a displacement of 800 tons and above with this complex. However, the characteristics of the complex make it possible to place 2-4 Kinzhal anti-aircraft missile systems on ships of medium and large displacement, and the control system of each of them can control four launchers.

The shipborne multi-channel all-weather autonomous anti-aircraft missile system for self-defense of surface ships "Dagger" (3K95) is designed for self-defense of surface ships and vessels - repelling, in conditions of intense electronic countermeasures, massive attacks of unmanned and manned air attack weapons operating at low and medium altitudes, especially low-flying high-speed high-precision anti-ship cruise missiles with modern systems guidance (homing), as well as for hitting surface targets (ships and vessels) and such “borderline” models of equipment as ekranoplanes and ekranoplanes.

The complex has a modular design and high modernization potential, and also - which is not very widely known - can be used in an onshore version. The Kinzhal complex is capable of independently detecting air and sea targets and hitting up to four targets simultaneously with guided anti-aircraft missiles. The complex can use information - target designation data - from general ship target designation systems, as well as control the fire of rapid-fire 30-mm anti-aircraft gun mounts included in the general circuit, which makes it possible to complete the shooting of air targets that have broken through the firing lines of anti-aircraft guided missiles or unexpectedly appearing targets at a nearby line – at a distance of 200 m from the ship. Combat work The complex is fully automated, but can also be carried out with the active participation of operators. In the spatial sector 60x60 degrees. The Kinzhal complex is capable of simultaneously firing eight missiles at four air targets.

The Kinzhal complex in its basic (standard) version includes

Combat assets - anti-aircraft guided missiles of the 9M330-2 family, supplied in transport and launch containers (TPC);

Below-deck launchers of type 3S95 - revolving type with vertical launch of missiles from TPK (three - four launching modules (installations) of the “revolving" type, each of which houses 8 missiles in sealed transport and launch containers);

Shipboard multi-channel control system;

Ground handling facilities.

The 9M330-2 anti-aircraft guided missile was developed at the Fakel design bureau under the leadership of P.D. Grushin and was unified with the missile defense system used in the army self-propelled air defense system "Tor", which was created almost simultaneously with the ship-based air defense system "Dagger". The missile is designed to destroy various air attack weapons (tactical and naval aircraft, helicopters, guided missiles of various classes, including anti-ship and anti-radar, and guided and adjustable aerial bombs, as well as unmanned aircraft various classes and types) in a wide range of conditions for their combat use. The use of these missiles is also possible against small surface targets.

The 9M330-2 rocket is single-stage, made according to the canard aerodynamic configuration with a freely rotating tail wing unit that can be opened after launch, has a dual-mode solid propellant rocket engine (solid propellant rocket motor) and is equipped with a unique gas-dynamic system, which after the launch of the rocket - before turning on its booster and sustainer solid propellant motor – tilts (orients) it towards the target. The rocket launch is vertical from an below-deck launcher, using a catapult placed in the transport and launch container of the rocket, without first turning the launcher towards the target.

Structurally, the 9M330-2 type missile includes several compartments in which the following systems and equipment (equipment) are located: a radio fuse, missile rudder control units, a gas-dynamic missile declination system, a high-explosive fragmentation warhead, on-board equipment units, a dual-mode solid propellant rocket engine and control command receivers.

The missile's warhead is high-explosive fragmentation with high-energy fragments (high penetrating force) and a non-contact pulse radio fuse. The missile guidance system is radio command, based on radio commands from a guidance station located on the ship (telecontrol). The missile warhead is detonated as it approaches the target, following a command from a radio fuse or a command from a guidance station. The radio fuse is noise-proof and adapts when approaching the water surface.

“The missile has high aerodynamic qualities, good maneuverability, controllability and stability through control channels and ensures the destruction of maneuvering and straight-flying high-speed targets,” the reference book “Weapons and Technologies of Russia. Encyclopedia of the XXI century. Volume III: Armament Navy"(Publishing House "Weapons and Technologies", 2001, pp. 209-214).

The 9M330-2 missile has the following main tactical and technical characteristics: missile length - 2895 mm, missile body diameter - 230 mm, wingspan - 650 mm, missile weight - 167 kg, missile warhead weight - 14.5 - 15.0 kg , missile flight speed - 850 m/s, range destruction zone - 1.5 - 12 km, height destruction zone - 10 - 6000 m. The missile is operated in a special sealed transport and launch container, does not require checks and adjustments throughout its service life (guaranteed storage life on the carrier or in the arsenal without inspections and maintenance - up to 10 years). It should be noted that placing the missile in a sealed transport and launch container makes it possible to ensure its high safety, constant combat readiness, ease of transportation and safety when loading missiles into the launcher of the ship's Kinzhal air defense system.

Eight-container drum (or “revolving”) type launchers 3S95, located under the ship’s deck, provide the so-called “cold” (ejection) launch of missiles with an inoperative engine - the latter is turned on only after the missile reaches a safe height above the deck (superstructures) and its declination in the direction of the target being fired. This method of launching missiles allows one to avoid the destructive impact of the missile's torch on ship structures and allows for the minimum value of the near boundary of the Kinzhal complex's destruction zone. Distinctive feature The launch system of the complex is the ability to fire missiles from below-deck launchers in conditions of rolling up to 20°. The estimated interval between starts is only 3 seconds. The launcher of the complex includes three or four unified launchers (modules) with autonomous guidance drives, and the launcher – “revolving” or drum type – has a launcher cover that rotates relative to the launcher drum, covering the launch window through which the ejection is made anti-aircraft guided missile. The launcher was developed by specialists from NPP Start under the leadership of chief designer A.I. Yaskina.

The ship's control system of the Kinzhal complex was developed by specialists from Ratep JSC (Serpukhov), is multi-channel and is designed for the simultaneous use of missile and artillery weapons of the complex against any of the tracked targets. The control system of the Kinzhal air defense system solves the problems set out in the software package and includes a detection module that solves the following problems: detection of air targets, including low-flying ones, and surface targets; simultaneous tracking of up to 8 targets; analysis of the air situation with the placement of targets according to the degree of danger; generation of target designation data and issuance of data (range, bearing and elevation); issuing (data) target designation to the ship's air defense systems.

Control panels for the Kinzhal air defense system

The control system of the Kinzhal anti-aircraft missile system includes:

Radar means of target detection and identification;

Radar means for target tracking and missile guidance;

Television-optical means of target tracking;

High-speed digital computing complex;

Automatic starting equipment;

30 mm fire control system artillery installations type AK-630M/AK-306, which is installed at the request of the customer.

“The original design of the antenna post provides for the placement on a single base of parabolic mirror antennas of a detection module with built-in identification antennas and phased array antennas (PAA) with electronic beam control, intended for tracking targets, capturing and guiding missiles,” states the Weapons reference book. and technologies of Russia. Encyclopedia of the XXI century. Volume III: Armament of the Navy" (p. 209-214). A distinctive feature of the radar transmitting device of the missile fire control system of the complex is its alternate operation in the target and missile channels.

The radar control system of the Kinzhal air defense system includes its own two-dimensional noise-immune all-round radar for detecting air and surface targets (module K-12-1), which has a constant rotation speed - 30 or 12 revolutions per minute - and is capable of detecting air targets at an altitude of 3.5 km at a range of up to 45 km and providing the Kinzhal complex with complete independence (autonomy) and high efficiency of action, in conditions of the most complicated situation due to various circumstances.

UVP air defense missile system "Dagger" on the nose of the SKR "Neustrashimy"

The operation of the ship's anti-aircraft missile system is ensured by a modern digital computing complex, which is distinguished by advanced software created on the basis of multi-program two-machine information processing in real time, and provides a high degree of automation of the combat operation of the entire complex. The computer complex ensures operation of the Kinzhal air defense system in various modes, including fully automatic mode, when all actions to detect a target using its own radars or receiving target designation data from general ship radars, acquiring a target (targets) for tracking, generating data for firing, launch and guidance of the missile (missiles), evaluation of firing results and transfer of fire to other targets are carried out automatically, using “artificial intelligence” and completely without the intervention (participation) of the air defense missile system combat crew operators. The presence of this mode provides the complex with a significantly higher combat potential (combat capabilities), including in comparison with the operation of weapon systems that use the “fire and forget” principle (in the case of the operation of the Kinzhal air defense system, the operator does not even have to worry about you need to find a target and fire at it - the complex does everything independently).

The use of phased antenna arrays, electronic beam control and the presence of a high-speed computer complex (computer) ensure the above-mentioned multi-channel nature of the Kinzhal air defense system. In addition, the presence of television-optical means for detecting air and surface targets built into the antenna post in the complex further increases its immunity to interference in conditions of intensive use of means by the enemy electronic warfare, and also allow the combat crew of the complex to perform a visual assessment of the results of tracking targets with the complex and their subsequent destruction.

The development of radar systems for the Kinzhal air defense system was carried out by specialists from the Kvant Research Institute (SRI) under the leadership of V.I. Guzya.

The modernization of the Kinzhal air defense system is carried out in the direction of improving its tactical, technical and operational characteristics, especially in terms of significantly increasing the damaging potential of the complex and expanding its destruction zone in range and height, as well as reducing the weight and size characteristics of the complex as a whole and its individual elements(subsystems).

The Kinzhal air defense system is currently installed on the following types of warships: Project 11435 TAVKR "Admiral of the Fleet" Soviet Union Kuznetsov" (24 launch modules of 8 missiles each, ammunition - 192 missiles), TARKR project 11442 "Peter the Great" (1 vertical launch unit, ammunition - 64 missiles), BOD project 1155 and 11551 (8 launch modules, ammunition - 64 SAM), TFR project 11540 (4 launch modules, ammunition - 32 SAM). The Kinzhal complex was also planned for placement on aircraft-carrying ships (aircraft carriers) of projects 11436 and 11437, which, however, were never completed.

UVP 9M330 SAM and antenna post of the Kinzhal air defense missile system control system in the aft part of the nuclear cruiser "Peter the Great"

Tactical and technical characteristics of the Kinzhal air defense system

Damage range of the Dagger air defense system

1.5 - 12 km (when connecting a 30 mm caliber gun mount from 200 m)
- Target engagement altitude: 10 - 6000 m
- Target speed: up to 700 m/s

Number of simultaneously fired targets in the 60×60° sector: up to 4
- Number of simultaneously aimed missiles: up to 8
- SAM guidance method: remote control

Target detection range at an altitude of 3.5 km from own detection means: 45 km
- Main operating mode: automatic
- Reaction time for low-flying targets: 8 s
- Rate of fire: 3 s

Time to bring the complex into combat readiness:
- from the “cold” state no more than 3 minutes,
- from standby mode - 15 s

Ammunition: 24-64 missiles
- SAM weight: 165 kg
- Weight of warhead: 15 kg
- Complex mass: 41 tons
- Personnel: 13 people

Photo of the Kinzhal air defense system

SAM "Dagger" on the BOD "Severomorsk"

1960s In our country and abroad, the first ship-borne low-altitude anti-aircraft missile systems were developed - Osa-M, Sea Sparrow, Sea Cat and Sea Wolf, which forced us to once again reconsider the tactics of naval aviation.
Previously, the Americans, relying on their overwhelming superiority in surface ships, rested on the laurels of their victories in the war Pacific Ocean and hoped to sink the ships of a potential enemy with strikes from aircraft with conventional, unguided weapons.

By the beginning of the 1970s. equipment Soviet fleet anti-aircraft missile weapons, its rapid quantitative growth, access to constant combat service in the Mediterranean Sea and other areas of the World Ocean forced the Americans to consider it as a serious adversary. They had to equip their aircraft with guided missiles and bombs, i.e. to a certain extent, catch up with the already missile-carrying Soviet naval aviation. This was also facilitated by the experience of the war in Vietnam in those years, which showed that effective destruction of even stationary small-sized objects is achievable only with the use of guided weapons. And the ships are not only moving, but also energetically maneuvering under the threat of a bomb attack. In addition to the possibility of hitting a target with one or two ammunition, the transition to guided weapons ensured at least the relative safety of its carriers. The launch was carried out from a distance exceeding the range of actual fire not only anti-aircraft artillery, but also self-defense missile systems.

In addition, also in the “race for the Soviets” mode, ship-based cruise missiles were created abroad, the most common of which were Exocet and Harpoon. Unlike their Soviet counterparts, they were characterized by small dimensions and weight, which made it possible to gradually equip almost all new ships of the United States and their allies with them, starting with corvettes and frigates.

In the 1970s The most urgent task for developers of anti-aircraft missile systems was the creation of air defense systems to destroy not so much aircraft as guided weapons (high-precision weapons). As targets, they had certain specifics compared to manned aircraft. Firstly, the effective scattering surface was reduced by one or two orders of magnitude compared to airplanes due to the small size and purity external forms rockets. Secondly, the absence of a pilot on board made it possible to take greater risks and reduce the flight altitude to several meters above the water surface. Thirdly, placing several guided weapons on board the carrier aircraft greatly increased the number of targets simultaneously attacking the ship, compared to a direct bombing attack by aircraft.

In general, guided weapons have become, if not invulnerable, then at least extremely challenging goals for previously developed systems that could no longer provide the ship’s protection with an acceptable probability.

The Ground Forces also realized the need for a similar complex for protection against precision weapons. As with the development of Osa and Osa-M, it was considered advisable to create the most unified complexes with a single anti-aircraft missile for both types of Armed Forces.

The resolution of the party and government of February 4, 1975 set the development of the Tor air defense system for Ground Forces and "Dagger" for the Navy. The lead developer of the Tor complex, as before during the creation of Osa, was identified as NIEMI (later NPO Antey), and V.P. became the chief designer. Efremov. However, NIEMI, extremely busy with the work carried out at the same time the most difficult work for the S-300B complex for the Ground Forces, they did not involve in the creation of a shipborne self-defense complex. This was entrusted to the organization that developed almost all naval air defense systems - the Altair Research Institute (chief designer - S.A. Fadeev). A single rocket for both complexes was created at the Fakel Design Bureau (chief designer - P.D. Grushin).

The new complexes retained a number of expedient solutions implemented in the Osa air defense system - the use of cost-effective radio command guidance for missiles, the inclusion of their own radar target reconnaissance equipment in both complexes, and the use of a tail unit on the missile that rotates relative to the longitudinal axis of the product. On the other hand, it also required the introduction of innovations. The task of repelling sudden massive raids required ensuring extremely short reaction time and high fire performance of the complex. The technical means of fulfilling these tactical requirements were multi-channel, achieved through the use of a phased antenna array (PAA) in the guidance station, and vertical launch of missiles. The implementation of the latter not only eliminated the time spent on reloading the launcher and turning it towards the next approaching target, but also made it possible to avoid all the design difficulties associated with the use of a launcher hidden under the deck in the Osa-M complex.

The 9M330 solid propellant rocket was made according to the “duck” design and consisted of five compartments. The first compartment was a radio-transparent fairing made of AG-4V material.

At the front end of the second compartment, made of AMG-6 alloy, there is a radio fuse transmitter, the antenna of which is located under the fairing. In the front part of the compartment, rudders, a block of four steering gears with a gas distribution system are mounted on a single board, and behind them there is a block of hot gas sources, consisting of a gas generator and a gas-jet declination system.

The third compartment, also made of AMG-6, serves to accommodate on-board equipment, the elements of which (autopilot, radio caller receiver, radio control unit, power supply) are mechanically connected by four longitudinal stringers into a monoblock, attached with screws to the compartment shell. On the right and left sides of the compartment there are the receiving antennas of the radio fuse, on the top and bottom there are the receiving and transmitting antennas of the radio control and radio imaging unit. Further in the compartment there is a high-explosive fragmentation warhead with a safety-actuating mechanism.

The fourth compartment is a dual-mode solid propellant engine, the starting thrust of which is approximately four times higher than the thrust during the sustaining phase. The engine housing is made of high-strength steel with a rolled shell and stamped bottoms. On the rear bottom there is a seating surface for the inner ring of the fifth compartment bearing.

The fifth (tail) compartment is a wing block with a power frame and a shell made of sheet aluminum. As on the Osa-M missile defense system, the wing consoles are mounted on a bearing, which reduces disturbances from oblique airflow.

The Kinzhal missile defense system uses folding wing consoles, which, after exiting the container, are opened by torsion bars enclosed in cylindrical casings. IN transport position The consoles fold in pairs towards each other. The powder catapult is located outside the rocket body.
The application of 9M330 is as follows. At launch, the rocket is ejected vertically upward by a catapult at a speed of about 25 m/s. The declination of the missile defense system at a given angle, the magnitude and direction of which are entered into the autopilot before launch, is carried out before the rocket engine is started due to the reactive force when the combustion products of a special gas generator flow through four two-nozzle gas distributor blocks installed at the base of the aerodynamic rudder. This ensures control of the rocket through all three channels. The control force changes in proportion to the angle of rotation of the aerodynamic rudder. Combining the aerodynamic rudder and gas distributor into a single unit eliminated the use of a special drive for the declination system. The gas-dynamic device tilts the rocket in the desired direction, and then, before turning on the solid propellant engine, stabilizes it in the direction of the subsequent flight.

The rocket engine is launched at a height of 16-21 m from the cutoff starting device by command issued either after a specified one-second delay from launch, or when the rocket axis deviates from the vertical by an angle of more than 50°. As a result, almost the entire thrust impulse of the engine is spent on imparting speed to the rocket in the direction of the target. The rocket speed reaches 700-850 m/s at a distance of 1.5 km from the launch. The command guidance process begins at a range of 250 m. The missile is capable of practicing maneuvers with overloads of up to 30 units and hits targets maneuvering with overloads of up to 12 units. Due to the wide range linear dimensions possible targets (from 3-4 to 20-30 m) and parameters of their movement (from 10 to 6000 m in height and from 0 to 700 m/s in speed at a range of up to 12 km) for optimal coverage of them with warhead fragments from the station When aiming a missile on board, the value of the time delay for the detonation of the warhead is given in relation to the moment the radio fuse is triggered. As a result, aircraft are hit in the center of the fuselage, elements of high-precision weapons are hit in the area where the control system and warhead are located. At low altitudes, selection of the underlying surface is ensured and the radio fuse is triggered only by the target.

The launch weight of the 9M330 rocket is 165 kg (of which about 15 kg is the warhead); its length is 2.9 m, body diameter is 235 mm, wingspan is 0.65 m.

The ship's multifunctional control system includes a ZR-95 missile guidance station and an air target detection system. The latter was developed by the Research Institute "Kvant" under the leadership of V.I. Gruz on the basis of the all-round ship-wide radar "Positive" created by this organization. The system allows you to detect targets at ranges up to 45 km. The antenna post includes two oppositely directed lattice parabolic antennas located on top of the antenna base housing. Circular rotation of the antenna post of the guidance station is ensured.

The spherical housing of the antenna base is stabilized to compensate for the ship's roll and pitch. On the sides of the body there are rectangular containers with transmitter and receiver equipment, connected by a truss structure for rigidity. In front of the containers there is equipment for television-optical sighting devices, used as a backup means of tracking targets. A phased array antenna, missile acquisition and narrow beam antennas are fixed to the front of the hull. The housing of the phased array antenna is made using advanced technology using pressed and stamped plastic parts. The design of the drive ensures limited rotation of the antenna base over a fairly wide range of heading angles.

The complex can fire at up to four targets in a 60x60° sector, simultaneously aiming up to eight missiles at them, including up to three missiles per target. The reaction time ranges from 8 to 24 s. The radio-electronic equipment of the complex provides fire control for 30-mm AK-630 anti-aircraft artillery machine guns. Combat capabilities"Dagger" is 5-6 times higher than the corresponding indicators of "Osa-M".

The use of a dual-processor digital computing system provides a high degree of automation of combat work. The selection of the most dangerous target for priority firing can be done either automatically or at the operator’s command.

Below-deck launcher ZS-95, developed at the Start design bureau under the leadership of A.I. Yaskina, includes several modules, each of which is a drum with eight transport and launch containers (TPC). The launcher cover can rotate relative to the vertical axis of the drum. The rocket is launched after turning the launcher cover and bringing the hatch in it to the TPK with the rocket intended for launch. The start interval does not exceed 3 s. Taking into account the relatively small dimensions of the complex, such a solution seems unnecessarily complex in comparison with the launch of missiles from containers, placed in simpler cellular-type launchers, implemented later in foreign fleets.

Initially, it was envisaged to create the Kinzhal air defense system with weight and size characteristics not exceeding those implemented in the Ose-M. Moreover, the designers had to achieve the possibility of installing the complex instead of Osa-M on previously built ships during the modernization repair process. However, more priority considered the fulfillment of the specified combat tactical and technical characteristics. The weight and size indicators were growing, so it was not possible to ensure continuity of anti-aircraft missile systems “by seat”.

In itself this was not so significant. Given the extremely weak ship repair base of the fleet and the reluctance of both the military and industry to be distracted by renovation work shipyards, by reducing the number of new ships built, the possibility of radical modernization of combat units that had already served the Motherland was rather abstract.

More serious consequences of the “expansion” of the “Dagger” were expressed in the impossibility of its placement on small ships, although formally it could be installed on ships with a displacement of more than 800 tons. As a result, even on such an innovative ship as the one designed at the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau (chief designer - P.V. Elsky, then V.I. Korolkov) hovercraft missile carrier with skegs, Project 1239, had to install the same “Osu-MA”. Ultimately, the Ose-M was replaced as the main means of protecting small ships by the short-range anti-aircraft missile and artillery system Kortik, rather than the Dagger.

The development of "Thor" and "Dagger" proceeded with a significant lag from the original established deadlines. As a rule, previously the land version was ahead of the ship version, as if paving the way for it. However, during the creation of the Tor autonomous self-propelled complex, serious problems related to the development of a combat vehicle. As a result, joint flight tests of the Thor at the Emben test site began even later than the Kinzhal on the Black Sea - in December 1983, but ended in December of the following year. The land-based air defense system was adopted for service by decree of March 19, 1986, almost three years earlier than the ship-based one.

The delay in the development of the land complex was an unpleasant circumstance, but its consequences were limited to a corresponding adjustment of the production program.

Factories, instead of the “Thor”, for several more years produced the albeit less advanced, but quite effective “Osa”.

At sea, a much more piquant situation developed. Since the end of 1980, one or two large anti-submarine ships of Project 1155 entered into service with the Navy every year, the only anti-aircraft missile weapons which was supposed to be a pair of Kinzhal air defense systems with a total ammunition load of 64 missiles. The delay in its development led to the fact that for more than five years these large ships remained almost defenseless from air strikes: by the end of the 20th century. artillery could no longer provide them with cover from aviation. Moreover, the obvious absence of guidance stations in the places intended for them seemed to encourage enemy pilots to quickly and practically without any risk to themselves send our ships to the bottom.

True, at first, NATO experts did not understand such a scandalous situation and indulged in a riot of imagination, speculating in the press about the presence on our new ships of some super-promising, outwardly invisible means of guiding anti-aircraft missiles. One way or another, the lead ship of Project 1155, the Udaloy BOD, had to wait almost a decade for the Kinzhal to be accepted into service (after entering service in 1980).

Due to the delay in the development of the air defense system, the small anti-submarine ship MPK-104 (building number 721), built according to project 1124K specifically for testing the Kinzhal, could not be used for its intended purpose for two years. It differed from its prototype - the ship Project 1124M - not only by the natural lack of means of the standard Osa-M air defense system. Too much weight and, more importantly, the high location of the multifunctional guidance station of the Kinzhal complex did not allow the installation of artillery weapons and all standard radars on it, which, however, was not so important for the experimental ship. The formal entry into service took place in October 1980, while the ship was equipped only with a launcher with three modules, but the guidance station had not yet been delivered to the Black Sea. Subsequently, one of the two prototypes of the complex manufactured in 1979 was mounted on MPK-104. Tests of the air defense system were carried out from 1982 to 1986 and did not go smoothly. The system was not sufficiently debugged in ground conditions- at the stands of the Altair Research Institute and at its Big Volga test base. The finishing work took place mainly on the ship, in conditions that were not entirely favorable for its implementation.

Once, during the firing, the engine of a rocket ejected by a catapult did not turn on, which fell on the deck and broke into two parts. As for one half of the product, as they said, “it sank.” But the second part, with all its quiet behavior, caused well-founded fears. After this incident, it was necessary to reconsider the main technical solutions to start the engine, which increased the reliability of this process. Another time, due to the “human factor” (due to uncoordinated actions of personnel and industry representatives), an unauthorized launch of a missile defense system occurred. One of the developers, who was next to the launcher, barely managed to hide from the jet of the rocket engine.

Shortly before the completion of the tests in the spring of 1986, all four P-35 missiles used as targets, launched by a salvo from the coastal complex, were very impressively shot down. However, it was only in 1989 that the Kinzhal complex was officially put into service.

The Kinzhal air defense system ensured the destruction of targets flying at speeds of up to 700 m/s in the altitude range from 10 to 6000 m at ranges from 1.5 to 12 km.

The main carriers of the complex were to be large anti-submarine ships of Project 1155. Initially, this ship was conceived as a development of the patrol ship of Project 1135, but by the time it was laid down it had turned into a BOD with twice the displacement. It was assumed that the ships of Project 1155 would carry out anti-submarine missions together with destroyers of Project 956, equipped with powerful strike and anti-aircraft missile weapons - Moskit and air defense systems medium range"Hurricane". Therefore, taking into account the restrictions on displacement caused by the capabilities of the factories, they decided to equip the BOD Project 1155 only with the Kinzhal self-defense complexes. Each ship was equipped with two air defense systems with a total ammunition load of 64 9M330 missiles and two ZR-95 missile guidance stations.

Lead ships at the Plant named after. Zhdanov" and the Kaliningrad plant "Yantar" were laid down in 1977 and went into operation almost simultaneously - in last days 1980 Since the development of the Kinzhal complex was significantly delayed, the acceptance of the ships by the fleet was more than conditional. Several ships, up to the fifth in the series, surrendered without missile guidance stations.

In total at the Plant named after. Zhdanov” until the fall of 1988, four ships were built under serial numbers from 731 to 734: “Vice Admiral Kulakov”, “Marshal Vasilevsky”, “Admiral Tributs”, “Admiral Levchenko”.

At the Kaliningrad plant "Yantar" until the end of 1991, eight BODs were built under serial numbers from 111 to 117: "Udaloy", "Admiral Zakharov", "Admiral Spiridonov", "Marshal Shaposhnikov", "Simferopol", "Admiral Vinogradov", "Admiral Kharlamov", "Admiral Panteleev".

Over the years of service, the BOD Project 1155 has generally proven itself to be a reliable and efficient ship. It is significant that during the difficult period of the 1990-2000s. of the 11 BODs built, only the first three ships built at the Kaliningrad plant and the Marshal Vasilevsky were decommissioned, and most of ships pr. 1155 are part of the fleet. At the same time, “Udaloy”, “Marshal Vasilevsky” and “Vice Admiral Kulakov” never received the “Dagger” complex.

In addition to 12 large anti-submarine ships of Project 1155 and one improved one, built according to Project 11551 - "Admiral Chabanenko", four "Dagger" complexes with 192 missiles were installed on the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser Project 11434 "Baku" (since 1990 - “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov”) and on the only aircraft carrier of our fleet, Project 11435, which has changed many names and is now called “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov”. By the time these ships were designed, a common understanding had become established among sailors and shipbuilders that ships of this class should carry only self-defense weapons, and the tasks of air cover on distant approaches should be carried out by air defense systems installed on security ships. Two “Dagger” complexes with eight launch modules for 64 missiles were supposed to be installed as an auxiliary “anti-aircraft caliber” on the nuclear heavy missile cruiser Project 11442 “Peter the Great”, but in fact the ship was equipped with only one antenna post.

One Kinzhal air defense system with 32 missiles was installed on the ships of project 11540 Neustrashimy and Yaroslav the Mudry, officially classified as patrol ships, but in terms of displacement and dimensions approximately corresponding to the BOD project 61, which were built en masse in the 1960s gg.

Thus, not counting the experimental MPK-104, only 36 Kinzhal anti-aircraft missile systems (1324 missiles) were installed on 17 ships of our fleet.

Since 1993, the export modification of the “Dagger” complex under the name “Blade” has been repeatedly demonstrated at various international exhibitions and salons, but there is no information about its deliveries abroad.

Nevertheless, the Kinzhal air defense system has become one of the most advanced examples of domestic missile weapons, most fully meeting modern conditions anti-aircraft combat at sea. The relatively short range of destruction is not its significant drawback.

Low-altitude targets, primarily guided weapons, will one way or another be detected at a short distance. As experience shows local wars, their carriers, apparently, will only soar above the radio horizon for an extremely short period of time to clarify the location of the ship they are attacking and launch their missiles. Therefore, the defeat of carrier aircraft by longer-range anti-aircraft systems seems unlikely. But sooner or later, missiles launched by aircraft will approach the target of attack. And here all the advantages of one of the most advanced domestic anti-aircraft complexes, the Kinzhal, should be fully demonstrated - short reaction time, high fire performance, multi-channel, effective operation of the warhead in an adaptive mode of use against targets of various classes.

V. Korovin, R. Angelsky

based on materials from the magazine “Equipment and Weapons” No. 5, 2014.

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