Lesson summary on the surrounding world on the topic “Forest and Man” (grade 4). Lesson summary on the surrounding world "forest and man" Rational use and protection of forests
Slide 1.
During the classes
I. Organizational beginning.
Dear Guys! Today is an unusual day at our school! Our guests are teachers from various schools. And I hope that they will like it at our school, and that you will be able to show what you have learned during this time. During the lesson, you will complete tasks, give complete answers, listen carefully to the teacher’s questions and your friends’ answers, and help each other in difficult situations.
Sit correctly and check the location of your lesson supplies.
Slide 2
1.2. Communicating the topic and objectives of the lesson
There is just a temple
There is a temple of science.
And there is a temple of nature -
With scaffolding reaching out
Towards the sun and winds.
He is holy at any time of the day,
Open to us in the heat and cold,
Come in here
Be a little hearty
Do not desecrate his shrines.
P. Checking homework
2.1. Differentiated approach
Before you start studying new topic, I would like to find out what you know about the forest zone:
Animal world;
Taiga;
Mixed forest.
2.2. Working with cards
Connect with arrows the trees and the forest in which they grow:
Fir taiga
birch
Mixed forest
Linden
alder
pine
larch
Oak
Maple
Answer:
taiga - fir, cedar pine, pine, larch;
mixed forest - fir, birch, alder, pine, larch;
broadleaf forest - linden, oak, maple.
2.3. Work in pairs.
Blitz tournament “I know the forest”(the teacher dictates, and then the students change notebooks and check on the screen)
What forest do we call taiga?
Name the tree: “Tall, slender, with yellowish-reddish or brown bark. The branches are only at the top. The needles are long and arranged in pairs. The cones are small and round."
What special difference does larch have?
What bird distributes the fruits of the cedar pine?
Which tree is the symbol of Russia?
This animal can not only jump, but also fly.
Acorns are the fruit of which tree?
Which animal has five black stripes on its back?
What tree of the broad-leaved forest spreads a wonderful aroma around when it blooms?
Recognize the animal by its description: “Loves dark forests, quietly creeps up to its prey, has a spotted color, “whiskers” and tufts on the ears”?
Slide 3
III. Working on a new topic
What can be called a forest?
What types of forests are there?
Slide 4.
Slide 5.
Slide 6.
3.1. Independent reading of the poem.
Let's read S. Nikulina's poem “Russian Forest”, and then discuss it:
There's nothing sweeter
Wander and think here.
Heals, warms,
Feed the Russian forest.
And the thirst will torment -
That's a little forest guy for me
Among the thorny thickets
The fontanel will show.
I’ll bend over to him to get a drink -
And you can see everything to the bottom.
Water flows,
Tasty and cold.
Rowan trees are waiting for us in the forest,
Nuts and flowers,
Fragrant raspberry
On dense bushes.
I'm looking for a mushroom clearing
I, without sparing my legs,
And if I get tired -
I'll sit down on a tree stump.
The forest loves pedestrians very much,
For them, he is completely his own.
There's a goblin wandering around here somewhere
With a green beard.
Life seems different
And my heart doesn't hurt
When over your head,
Like eternity, the forest is noisy.
What relationships is this poem talking about?
So what is a forest for a person? (The first card opens - “resting place”).
Why is the forest a pharmacy?(the second card opens - “pharmacy”).
- In the forest, a person finds food for himself - these are berries, nuts, mushrooms, clean water: “it will feed the Russian forest,” “I’ll bend down to drink from it...”(the “source” card opens clean water and food").
How can a forest warm a person?
- This means that the forest is a source of fuel for humans.(the “fuel source” card opens).
Look around, what things made of wood do you see?
- What on your tables is made of wood?
- What awaits a person in the forest? Find it in the poem.
- What do flowers, bushes, and mushrooms do in the forest?
- What does the forest mean to them?
- For whom else is the forest home?
- This means that the forest is also a home for plants, animals, and mushrooms.(a card “house for plants, animals, mushrooms” opens).
What roles does the forest play?
- What is forest to air?
- What else is the forest a protector for?The card “protector of air, water bodies and soils” opens.
How do forests protect water bodies?
- How does the forest protect the soil?
- We did a very good job. Look at the diagram we came up with.
Slide 7
Meaning of forest
1. Rest place
2. Pharmacy
3. Source of water and food
4. Fuel source
5. House for plants, mushrooms, animals
6. Protector of water bodies, air, soils
Let's read, What roles does the forest play?
3.2. Conversation about the environmental problem of the forest
- Is a person always fair to the forest? Is it his fault that environmental problems in the forest arise? What environmental problem? we're talking about in the next poem, listen:
Sasha cried as the forest was cut down,
Even now she feels sorry for him to the point of tears.
There were so many curly birches here!
There because of the old frowning spruce
The red clusters of viburnum looked out.
A young oak tree rose there,
Birds reigned in the top of the forest,
All sorts of animals were lurking below.
Suddenly men with axes appeared.
The forest rang, groaned, and crackled.
The hare listened and ran away.
N. Nekrasov
- What environmental problem is discussed in the poem?(We are talking about deforestation.)
- If used to be a forest was cut down as needed, using an ax (which cannot be destroyed forested areas), now after the work of lumberjacks, terrible pictures remain. People thought that there were so many forests that it was impossible to cut them down. Now it has become clear: the forests are in danger! The girl Sasha from Nekrasov’s poem also understood this; she felt sorry for the birds and animals left without a home. How does the poem make you feel?(Free expressions of children.)
But I’m glad that you care about the fate of the forest, that you are concerned about the problem that has arisen - this means that you will look for ways to solve it.
Now let’s draw up a diagram on “forest problems”. In the last lesson we talked about the extermination of animals, what is the name of this problem?
Slide 8
Forest problem
Felling
Illegal hunting (poaching)
Who is a poacher?
Man has long killed animals to obtain food, but this was necessary for the survival of people, and they killed no more than they could eat. Now, excessive hunting has led to the complete or almost complete extermination of some animal species. Currently, hunting of forest animals is limited, and poaching is punishable by law. Many species of rare animals are taken under protection, and plants and animals listed in the Red Book are under special protection. The following are listed in the Red Book:
(The listing is accompanied by drawings of beetles, plants, birds and animals listed in the Red Book.)
Slide 9
3.3. Student message prepared at home
In the forest zone, the Priorkso - Terrace Reserve was created, which ... will tell us about.
Slide 10
IV. Physical education minute
Hands raised and shook -
These are trees in the forest.
Arms bent, hands shaken -
The wind blows away the dew.
Let's wave our hands to the sides, smoothly -
These are the birds flying towards us.
We'll show you how they sit down quietly -
The wings were folded back.
V. Continued study of a new topic
5.1. Reading Sukhomlinsky's story by role
We also have to figure out what depends on each of us. Let's read the story role by role.
Olya and Lida, little girls, went into the forest. Tired of the journey, we sat down to rest and have lunch. They took bread, butter, and eggs out of the bag. When the girls had already finished dinner, a nightingale began to sing not far from them. Fascinated by the beautiful singing, Olya andLida sat, afraid to move. The nightingale stopped singing. She collected the remains of her food and scraps of paper and threw them under Lida, wrapped the eggshells and bread in newspaper and put the bag in her bag.
Why do you take trash with you? - Olya said. - Throw it under the bush. After all, we are in the forest, no one will see!
“I’m ashamed in front of the nightingale,” Lida answered quietly..
Whose behavior in the forest do you think is correct?
A What can the forest turn into?
Slide 11
You already know that plastic and glass objects They don’t even rot in the ground. If food waste and paper can be buried in the forest, then tin cans, glass and plastic bottles Under no circumstances should you leave it in the forest, as animals may be injured by fragments of broken bottles.
5.2. Reading of the poem “Forest Fire” by V. Shefner and conversation on the content.
Today I would like to talk about one more human action. Listen to V. Shefner’s poem “Forest Fire”:
Forgetful hunter at rest
I didn’t sweep it away, I didn’t trample the fire.
He went into the forest, and the branches were burning out
And they reluctantly smoked until the morning...
And in the morning the wind dispersed the fogs,
And the dying fire came to life.
And, throwing sparks in the middle of the clearing.
He spread out his crimson rags.
He burned all the grass and flowers together,
He burned the bushes and went into the green forest.
Like a frightened flock of red squirrels,
He darted from trunk to trunk.
And the forest was buzzing with a fiery blizzard,
The trunks fell with a frosty crack,
And like snowflakes, sparks flew from them
Above the gray drifts of ash.
What human act became a terrible disaster for the forest?
Slide 12
Screening of the video “Fire in the Forest.”
But this might not have happened if the person had followed the rules for making a fire and had not forgotten to extinguish it and make sure that the fire would not flare up again.
Let's read the rules for making a fire in the textbook on p. 111
VI. Group work
Why do you think some people do not follow the rules of behavior in the forest?
Now come up with and draw signs that would reflect human actions that are dangerous to the forest. What are these actions?
- Assignment for logical thinking.
VII. Generalization.
- And at the end of our lesson, I would like to read you a poem by Tim Sobakin:
If I pick a flower,
If you pick a flower,
If everything: both you and me,
If we pick flowers,
They will be empty
And trees and bushes.
And there will be no beauty
And there will be no kindness
If it's just me and you
If we pick flowers...
What should people remember when coming to the forest?
- Of course, each of us should think about how our descendants will see the forests in a century, in a millennium, and whether the forest will be able to give them what it gives us now.
VIII. Summarizing
Grading.
IX.Homework
At home you will complete the task of your choice:
1) read the text of the textbook;
2) you will find additional material about animals and plants of our region;
3) creative work: “Mini-essays”, continue the essay with 2 – 3 sentences.
1. If I were a forester, I would...
2. I am a forest doctor because...
3. If I were an animal, I would...
4. I am a birch tree. They call me the forest beauty because...
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Lesson objectives:
- To form in students an idea of the role of forests in the life of man and nature; to familiarize with the environmental problems of the forest that have arisen due to human fault, with the conservation activities of people in the forest zone.
- Develop cognitive interest.
- To cultivate respect and love for nature, a culture of behavior.
During the classes
I. Organizational moment.
S. Pogorelsky
Hello forest, dense forest,
Full of fairy tales and miracles!
What are you making noise about in the leaves?
On a dark, stormy night?
What are you whispering at dawn?
Who is hiding in your wilderness?
What kind of animal? What bird?
Open everything, don’t hide:
You see, we are our own! Slide 1
II. Communicate the topic and objectives of the lesson.
– Why did we start our lesson with a poem by S. Pogorelsky?
(This is a poem about the forest. The forest reveals all its secrets to us with pleasure. It gives us miracles, and we must take care of it.)
– Who should take care of the forest (People should do this.)
The topic of our lesson: “Forest and man.”
Today we will talk about the role of forests in the life of man and nature; Let's get acquainted with the environmental problems of the forest that arose due to human fault, with the protective activities of people in the forest zone.
III. Testing knowledge and skills.
1.Frontal work./At the same time, work on cards is underway./ Annex 1 .
– What do you know about the forest zone? Give a detailed description of the location of the forest zone on the map and tell us about the natural conditions that developed there.
(The forest zone is located south of the zone tundra It is marked in green on the map. The forest zone is located in temperate zone, which means that all four seasons of the year are clearly expressed, Cold winter and warm summer. The forest zone is mostly located on the East European and West Siberian plains, as well as on the Central Siberian Plateau. This natural area is the largest. This natural zone has three parts: the largest part is the taiga. It is painted dark green. There is also mixed forests– also green, but lighter. And another part - deciduous forests, green color even lighter.)
2. Group work.
Questions for nerds:
1st Group of Botanists
Help card:
- What is called taiga?
- Natural conditions taiga
- What do all taiga plants have in common?
- What plants grow in the taiga?
(Taiga is coniferous forest. It occupies most of the forest area. Winter in the taiga is cold, and summer is warmer than in the tundra, so trees that are not very demanding of heat grow here - these are coniferous trees. Coniferous trees have leaves that are needles, and they are always green. These are tall trees with powerful roots. In the taiga grow: spruce, pine, fir, larch, cedar pine. Slide 2
Spruce - known to everyone Christmas tree. The Christmas tree's needles are short, rough, arranged singly and densely covering the branches. The cones have an oblong shape. Long-lived spruces. The spruce forest is dark and humid. Slide 3
Pine is a coniferous tree with a smooth yellow trunk. Pine needles are long and sit in pairs. Pine cones have a round shape. The pine forests are light and dry.
Fir differs from spruce in that its needles are flat, and its cones stick up, and even mature ones do not fall to the ground, but scales simply fall off them.
Larch is the only coniferous tree that sheds its needles in the winter.
Cedar pine is popularly called Siberian cedar. Its needles are collected in bunches of five, and the seeds are pine nuts.
II group of botanists
Help card:
- Location of mixed and deciduous forests.
- Natural conditions in these forests.
- What unites the plants of these forests?
- What plants grow in these forests?
To the south the taiga comes to be replaced mixed forest. In it, along with coniferous trees, alder, birch, and aspen grow. Winter in such a forest is milder. Deciduous trees have medium-sized leaves, which they shed for the winter. Slide 4
Birch can be recognized by its bark, it is white; no other tree that reproduces by seeds has such bark. Slide 5
Aspen has rounded leaves, and they tremble with every breath of wind, the aspen bark is greenish, and in the spring you can see long fluffy catkins.
Alder has small dark cones on the branches, the trunk is black or gray. Closer to the south, the zone becomes even warmer, and mixed forests are replaced by broad-leaved ones, in which large trees grow, shed their leaves for the winter, and reproduce by seeds.
The oak can be recognized by its mighty trunk and carved leaves; the fruits of the oak are acorns.
Linden has heart-shaped leaves. In summer, when the linden blossoms, it spreads a wonderful aroma. Linden fruits are dark nuts, sitting in several pieces under one wing.
Elm can be recognized by its leaves and fruits: the leaves at the base are “lopsided”, one half is larger than the other, the fruits are winged, rounded nuts. Slide 6
Maple can be Norway, Tatarian and American. The fruits of all maple species are winged.
Zoologists
Help card:
- Birds of the taiga, what unites them.
- Animals of the taiga, what unites them.
- Fauna of mixed and broad-leaved forest.
Diverse animal world forest zone: here you can find large and small animals, insects. In the taiga live: nutcracker, chipmunk, flying squirrel, sable. Also living in the forest zone are: red deer, elk, bear, wolves, foxes, lynxes, hares, squirrels, wood grouse, chipmunks, voles. There are no borders for animals - they live throughout the entire zone. Some animals go into hibernation for the winter (hedgehogs, bears), others make supplies for the winter.
The nutcracker is a taiga bird that makes provisions for the winter from pine nuts. Slide 7
The flying squirrel is a relative of the squirrel, but smaller. She can not only jump, but also fly: she has membranes between her front and hind legs. Slide 8
The brown bear is an omnivorous animal, very mobile, can run quickly, jump, climb trees, and swim.
Elk is a forest giant. In different seasons of the year, moose consume different quantities food. In winter they form groups.
The lynx is a predator and has a spotted color. There are sideburns on the sides of the head, and tufts on the ears. The lynx, hiding, waits for the prey and quietly creeps up to it.
The white hare changes color for the winter, becomes white, only the tips of the ears are black, and the fur becomes thick. These are careful animals.
3. Blitz tournament“I know the forest.”
(Coniferous)
– Name the tree: “Tall, slender, with yellowish-reddish or brown bark.
The branches are only at the top. The needles are long and arranged in pairs. The cones are small and round.” (Pine)
– What special difference does larch have? (Drops needles)
– What bird distributes the fruits of the cedar pine? (Kedrovka)
– Which tree is a symbol of Russia? (Birch)
– This animal can not only jump, but also fly. (Flying squirrel)
– What tree are acorns the fruit of? (Oak fruit)
– Which animal has five black stripes on its back? (Chipmunk)
– Which tree of the broad-leaved forest, when flowering, spreads a wonderful aroma around? (Linden)
– Recognize the animal by its description: “Loves dark forests, quietly creeps up to the prey, has a spotted color, “whiskers” and tufts on the ears? (Lynx)
– What forest do we call taiga?
IV. Working with a new theme
S. Nikulina “Russian Forest” Slide 9
| There's nothing sweeter Wander and think here. Heals, warms, Feed the Russian forest. |
I'm looking for a mushroom clearing I, without sparing my legs, And if I get tired - I'll sit down on a tree stump. |
| And the thirst will torment you, That's a little forest guy for me Among the thorny thickets The fontanel will show. |
The forest loves pedestrians very much, For them, he is completely his own. There's a goblin wandering around here somewhere With a green beard. |
| I’ll bend over to him to get a drink - And you can see everything to the bottom. Water flows, Tasty and cold. |
Life seems different And my heart doesn't hurt When over your head, Like eternity, the forest is noisy. |
| Rowan trees are waiting for us in the forest, Nuts and flowers, Fragrant raspberry On dense bushes. |
– What relationships is this poem talking about?
(Between man and forest)
– What is a forest for a person?
The forest is a place of rest for a person, because “there is nothing nicer for a person to wander and think here”...
Resting-place
– Why forest-pharmacy? (There are many medicinal plants in the forest. Fresh air also heals.)
- In the forest, a person finds food for himself - these are berries, nuts, mushrooms, clean water: “it will feed the Russian forest”, “I bent down to drink from it...”
Source of clean water and food
How can a forest warm a person? (A man heats a house with firewood. And firewood is trees that grew in the forest.)
– This means that the forest is a source of fuel for humans.
Fuel source
– Look around, what things made of wood do you see?
– What awaits a person in the forest? Find it in the poem. “Rowan berries, nuts and flowers, fragrant raspberries on dense bushes are waiting for us in the forest. I’m looking for a clearing of mushrooms, sparing no effort...”
– What do flowers, bushes, mushrooms do in the forest? (They grow there.)
– What is the forest for them?
– For whom else is the forest home? (For birds, animals, bugs, spiders, worms.)
– This means that the forest is also a home for plants, animals, and mushrooms.
House for plants, animals, mushrooms
– Look how many meanings the forest has, but that’s not all!
Article “The role of forests in nature and people’s lives”
– What roles does the forest play? Forest plants produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide. The forest clears the air of dust. Phytoncides kill pathogenic bacteria.
– What is the forest for the air? (Defender)
– What else is the forest a protector for? (Reservoirs and soils).
Protector of air, water bodies and soils
– How does a forest protect water bodies? (The forest feeds the rivers, the rivers do not become shallow)
– How does the forest protect the soil? (The forest protects the soil from the wind, and the roots of plants prevent the soil from being destroyed)
The forest is a home, a protector, a source, a pharmacy, a place of rest. Slide10
– Is a person always fair to the forest?
Is it his fault that environmental problems in the forest arise?
Listen to N. Nekrasov’s poem and think about what environmental problem is being discussed:
Sasha cried as the forest was cut down,
Even now she feels sorry for him to the point of tears.
There were so many curly birches here!
There because of the old frowning spruce
The red clusters of viburnum looked out.
A young oak tree rose there,
Birds reigned in the top of the forest,
All sorts of animals were lurking below.
Suddenly men with axes appeared.
The forest rang, groaned, and crackled.
The hare listened and ran away. Slide 11
– What environmental problem is discussed in the poem? ? (About deforestation)
– People thought that there were so many forests that it was impossible to cut them down. Now it has become clear: the forests are in danger! The girl Sasha from Nekrasov’s poem also understood this; she felt sorry for the birds and animals left without a home.
– How does this problem make you feel?
– You are not indifferent to the fate of the forest, you are concerned about the problem that has arisen - this means that you will look for ways to solve it.
– Man has long killed animals to get food, but this was necessary for the survival of people, and they killed no more than they could eat. Now, excessive hunting has led to the complete or almost complete extermination of some animal species. Currently, forest animals are restricted and poaching is punishable by law. Many species of rare animals are taken under protection, and plants and animals listed in the Red Book are under special protection. The following are listed in the Red Book:
beetles – crosotel beetle, relic woodcutter, stag beetle; Slide12
plants - ginseng, lady's slipper; Slide 13
birds – eagle owl, mandarin duck; Slide 14
animals - bison, Amur tiger. Slide 15
– Nature reserves have been created in the forest zone. You will learn about one of them by reading the section in the textbook on pages 112, 113 “Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve”.
V. Physical education minute.
Hands raised and shook -
These are trees in the forest.
Arms bent, hands shaken -
The wind blows away the dew.
Let's wave our hands to the sides, smoothly -
These are the birds flying towards us.
Let us show you how they sit down quietly -
The wings were folded back.
VI. Work on the topic.
Continue studying a new topic.
“We also have to figure out what depends on each of us.” Listen to Sukhomlinsky's story “Ashamed of the Nightingale.”
Olya and Lida, little girls, went into the forest. Tired of the journey, we sat down to rest and have lunch. They took bread, butter, and eggs out of the bag. When the girls had already finished dinner, a nightingale began to sing not far from them. Fascinated by the beautiful singing, Olya and Lida sat, afraid to move. The nightingale stopped singing. Olya collected the remains of her food and scraps of paper and threw them under a bush. Lida wrapped eggshells and bread crumbs in newspaper and put the bag in her bag.
“Why do you take garbage with you?” said Olya. Throw it under a bush. After all, we are in the forest, no one will see!
“I’m ashamed in front of the nightingale,” Lida answered quietly.
– Whose behavior in the forest do you think is correct?
– If everyone acts like Olya, the forest will turn into a dump. You know that plastic and glass objects do not rot even in the ground. While food waste and paper can be buried in the forest, cans, glass and plastic bottles should never be left in the forest. And animals can be injured by fragments of broken bottles. I would like to talk about one more action of a person.
V. Shefner “Forest Fire” Slide 16
Forgetful hunter at rest
I didn’t sweep it away, I didn’t trample the fire.
He went into the forest, and the branches burned out
And they reluctantly smoked until the morning...
And in the morning the wind dispersed the fogs,
And the dying fire came to life.
And, throwing sparks in the middle of the clearing,
He spread out his crimson rags.
He burned all the grass and flowers together,
He burned the bushes, green Forest let's go.
Like a frightened flock of red squirrels,
He darted from trunk to trunk.
And the forest was buzzing with a fiery blizzard,
The trunks fell with a frosty crack,
And like snowflakes, sparks flew from them
Above the gray drifts of ash.
– What human act became a terrible disaster for the forest?
- But this might not have happened if the person had followed the rules for making a fire and had not forgotten to extinguish it and make sure that the fire would not flare up again.
Reading the memo (p. 111 textbook).
– Why do you think some people do not follow the rules of conduct in the forest?
– At home, come up with and draw signs that would reflect human actions that are dangerous to the forest.
What are these actions?
- Cutting down trees on the banks of reservoirs.
- Piles of garbage. Left by a person after work.
- Forest pollution from household waste.
- Making fires.
– What should people remember when coming to the forest?
– Of course, each of us should think about how our descendants will see the forests in a century, in a millennium, and whether the forest will be able to give them what it gives us now. Slide 17
VIII. Summing up the lesson.
– Name the significance of the forest for humans.
IX. Homework.
Textbook (P.106-113).
Notebook (p.35).
Draw signs that would reflect human actions that are dangerous to the forest.
(6.5 MB)
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Goals:
- To form in students an idea of the importance of forests in the life of nature and people.
- Familiarize yourself with environmental forest problems arising due to human fault, with security activities in the forest zone.
- Develop cognitive interest, cultivate love and respect for nature, and a culture of behavior.
Equipment: multimedia projector; interactive board; presentations “Forest and Man”, “Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve”; Multimedia course "Lessons of Cyril and Methodius. The world. 4th grade." (CD); "Birds of central Russia: sounds of nature - 2002," CD (CD-ROM) contains recordings of the voices of birds of central Russia. Rolled magnetic plastic poster "Natural community of the forest" and illustrated magnetic cards from set Spectra. Pleshakov A.A. Kryuchkova E.A. The world around us: Textbook for 4th grade. Part 1. Pleshakov A.A. Kryuchkova E.A. The world around us: Let's test ourselves: Notebook for students of 4th grade of elementary school : Part 1. Riddles Exhibition of student written (printed) messages: about medicinal plants of the forest, about forest mushrooms, berries; about the use of wood; about forest protection, the Red Book of the Russian Federation. (Children get acquainted with the messages before and after the lesson).
1. Org. moment. Updating knowledge.
Teacher. Guys, in the last lesson you got acquainted with the natural forest area. And in order for you to be able to determine what our lesson will be about today, I suggest listening to poems performed by our students:
The forest fills a basket with mushrooms
And in reserve
Leaves a little...
After all, the animals of the forest
They eat mushrooms,
Therefore greedy
Entry into the forest is prohibited!
V. Shulzhik
It's good in our forest!
As soon as I entered the bushes -
I found a boletus
Two chanterelles, boletus
And a green moss.
The prickly hedgehog is in front of me
I ran to my home.
Two titmouses in silence
They sang songs to me loudly.
I wandered further away
I picked blueberries there.
Now I bring everything home.
It's good in our forest!
G. Ladonshchikov
Children. We will talk about what the forest can give to a person, and about caring for it
Showing the first slide of the presentation "Forest and Man".
U. Imagine that you are in the forest, close your eyes.
Listening to a fragment of the audio recording "Birds of Central Russia".
U. What sounds did you hear in the forest?
D. Birdsong.
U. Do you remember what the air is like in the forest?
D. There is clean air in the forest.
U. Do you like to be in the forest? Why?
D. The forest is beautiful, interesting, there are many different plants, animals, birds singing.
U. The forest is very important for nature and people. The forest is clean Fresh air. The beauty of forests inspired poets, artists and musicians to create wonderful works of art, for example, composer P.I. Tchaikovsky, artist I.I. Shishkina. Admire reproductions of forest landscapes painted by Ivan Shishkin.
Showing slide II of the presentation “Forest and Man” by I.I. Shishkin.
Mini quiz.
U. Remember which works you read in class? literary reading, these lines, and who is their author? (Three students recite excerpts from poems by heart):
It's a sad time! Ouch charm!
Your farewell beauty is pleasant to me -
I love the lush decay of nature,
Forests dressed in scarlet and gold...
A.S. Pushkin"It's a sad time! The charm of the eyes!"
The forest is like a painted tower,
Lilac, gold, crimson,
A cheerful, motley wall
Standing above a bright clearing...
I.A. Bunin"Leaf fall."
Enchantress in Winter
Bewitched, the forest stands -
And under the snow fringe,
motionless, mute,
He shines with a wonderful life...Is the winter sun shining
On him your ray with a scythe -
Nothing will tremble in him,
It will all flare up and sparkle
Dazzling beauty.
F.I. Tyutchev"Enchantress Winter"
D. Forests are our common wealth, we must be able to admire them, we must protect the forest.
U. Lesson topic: "Forest and man." During the lesson we will talk about the role of forests in the lives of people and nature, get acquainted with the environmental problems of forests and the conservation activities of people in the forest zone.
II. Check of knowledge.
Working with the multimedia textbook "Lessons of Cyril and Methodius. The world around us. Grade 4." (CD). Lesson 09. Natural areas of Russia.
U. What have you learned about the forest area? (Students complete tasks on the interactive board):
a) Indicate the taiga zone on the map.
b) What plants are there in the taiga?
c) In what natural zone of Russia do oak, birch, maple, and aspen grow?
d) What natural zone are these plants and animals characteristic of?
Drawing up food chains using Spectra's illustrated magnetic cards "Natural Community of the Forest" (performed by 1 student).
Individual work on cards (the work is carried out by three students):
A) Complete the text: The forest zone is located... in the tundra zone. It is indicated... by color on the map of natural areas. The forest zone is the most... natural zone, which is located in... the belt. The forest zone consists of... parts.
b) Correct errors in the text: Taiga is a deciduous forest; it occupies the smallest part of the forest zone. In the taiga there are cold winters, summers are colder than in the tundra, so trees grow here that are especially demanding of heat: oak, cedar pine, birch, linden, maple, larch, spruce, aspen, fir, pine.
V ) Continue the sentences:
The forest zone is divided into three parts: ________________________
Closer to the south, mixed forests are replaced by ________________
In deciduous forests grow: ______________________________
Animals living in the taiga are:__________________________________________
Summing up the results of the knowledge test, marking.
III. Working on a new topic.
Guessing riddles.
U. I suggest you solve the riddles and think about the significance of the forest in the life of nature and people:
Like on a stitch, on a path
I see scarlet earrings.
I bent down for one,
And I came across ten!
I was leaning - I was not lazy,
I filled the mug with the top.
(Strawberries) E. Blaginina
A family lives on a stump:
Mom, dad, brother and me.
We have one house, and the roof
Everyone has their own.
(Honey mushrooms) N. Pikuleva
Of course not white -
I, brothers, am simpler,
I usually grow
In a birch grove.
(Boletus) 3. Alexandrova
This guy is very strong
Naughty tooth
Split it first
And then eat.
(Nut) Unknown author.
U. What were the riddles about? Think about why people come to the forest?
D. Collect mushrooms, berries, nuts.
U. What else does the forest give to a person? What does it mean for nature? (Children's answers).
Show III, IV, V slides of the presentation "Forest and Man". Students become familiar with the content of the slides and make comments.
U. Since ancient times, the forest fed and warmed people. Wood served as a material for building and heating homes. People made household utensils from wood, built huts, heated them with firewood and brushwood, wove bast shoes from bast, baskets from twigs, and boxes from birch bark. Our ancestors collected berries, mushrooms, nuts in the forests, and used medicinal herbs To cure illnesses, they hunted wild animals.
Working with the textbook.
U. You will learn about what other significance the forest has by reading the article in the textbook “The Role of the Forest in Nature and People’s Lives” on pp. 106 - 107.
U. What other roles does the forest play? (Children's answers).
Show slide VI of the presentation "Forest and Man". The meaning of the forest.
IV. Physical education minute.
Here is a tall pine tree
She reaches for the sun.
An ancient oak tree above the clearing
He spread the branches to the sides.
And mushrooms grow below,
There are so many of them here now!
Don't be lazy and don't be shy,
Lean over for mushrooms!
It's good to walk through the forest!
But learning is more interesting!
O.V. Uzorova, E.A. Nefyodova
V. Continued study of a new topic.
U. Is a person always fair to the forest? Whose fault do you think causes environmental problems in the forest? (Children's answers).
Students reading an excerpt from a story by K.G. Paustovsky "Creaky Floorboards".
Perhaps most of all to the composer P.I. Tchaikovsky was helped by the forests, the forest house where he stayed this summer, clearings, thickets... this amazing air...
The house stood on a hill. The forests went down into the cheerful distance, where a lake lay among the thickets. There the composer had favorite place- it was called Rudy Yar.
The road to Yar itself always caused excitement. Sometimes, in winter, in a damp hotel in Rome, he would wake up in the middle of the night and begin to remember this road step by step: first along a clearing where pink fireweed blooms near stumps, then through birch mushroom forests, then through a broken bridge over an overgrown river and along out and up, into the ship's forest.
He remembered this path, and his heart beat heavily. This place seemed to him the best expression of Russian nature...
He knew that today, having been there, he would return - and his favorite theme, long living somewhere inside, about the lyrical power of this forest side, would overflow and flow in streams of sounds. And so it happened. He stood for a long time on the cliff of Rudy Yar. Dew dripped from the thickets of linden and euonymus... The familiar land was all caressed by light, illuminated by it down to the last blade of grass. The variety and power of lighting caused Tchaikovsky to feel that state when it seems that something extraordinary, like a miracle, is about to happen. He had experienced this state before. He couldn't be lost. It was necessary to immediately return home, sit down at the piano and hastily write down what was played on sheets of music paper.
Tchaikovsky quickly walked towards the house. There was a tall, spreading pine tree in the clearing. He nicknamed it “the lighthouse.” She made a quiet noise, although there was no wind. Without stopping, he ran his hand over her heated bark...
Teacher.Having learned that the forest had been sold to the merchant Troshchenko, who was going to cut it down, Pyotr Ilyich desperately tried to “prevent the execution from happening”: he went to both the governor and Troshchenko. But, returning home, he nevertheless became an eyewitness to the “meanness”.
..."Will I have time? - thought Tchaikovsky... Tomorrow they will start cutting down the forest. What kind of meanness is this!" ... The horses carried the carriage into the clearing. Someone ahead shouted a warning. The coachman immediately reined in the horses. Tchaikovsky stood up and grabbed the coachman's shoulder. The lumberjacks scattered from the foot of the pine tree, bending over like thieves.
Suddenly the entire pine tree, from roots to top, shuddered and groaned. Tchaikovsky clearly heard this groan. The top of the pine tree swayed, the tree began to slowly lean towards the road and suddenly collapsed, crushing neighboring pines and breaking birches. With a heavy roar, the pine tree hit the ground, trembled with all its needles and froze. The horses backed away and began to snore.
It was a moment, just one terrible moment of death of a mighty tree that had lived here for two hundred years... Tchaikovsky approached the top of a fallen pine...
There were also birch branches broken off by pine trees. Tchaikovsky remembered how the birch trees tried to hold the falling pine tree, take it onto their flexible trunks in order to soften the fatal fall - the earth shook far away from him. He quickly went home. First to the right, then to the left, then behind was the roar of falling trunks. And still the earth groaned dully. Birds darted over the clearing... Tchaikovsky kept speeding up his steps. He almost ran.
Meanness! - he muttered. - Monstrous abomination! Who gave a person the right to mutilate and disfigure the earth so that some Troshchenko would slobber on banknotes at night? There are things that cannot be valued in rubles or billions of rubles. Is it really so difficult for these wise statesmen to understand there, in St. Petersburg, that the power of the country lies not only in material wealth, but also in the soul of the people! The wider and freer this soul is, the greater the greatness and strength the state achieves. And what fosters breadth of spirit if not this amazing nature! It must be protected, just as we protect human life itself. Descendants will never forgive us for the devastation of the earth, the desecration of what rightfully belongs not only to us, but also to them...
U. What environmental problem is K. Paustovsky talking about?
D. About deforestation.
Showing the VII slide of the presentation “Forest and Man” During deforestation.
U. Look at how timber is currently harvested. Such pictures remain after the work of loggers. How do these photographs make you feel?
Our forests are in danger! We are not indifferent to the fate of the forest, we are concerned about this problem, which means we need to look for ways to solve it. What would you propose to do to protect forests? (Collect waste paper).
U. Listen to the poem and tell me what kind of feasible assistance from schoolchildren in preserving forests is the author talking about?
Schoolboy, just one notebook
Let's save for a quarter with you!
And the forests we saved
They will say “thank you” to all voices.
Reading a poem (read by prepared students).
U. Think about what environmental problems of the forest Anatoly Orlov writes about “About the tourist Fedya and the bear (how not to behave in the forest)”
Through the thick green grass
A “green” tourist was going on a hike.
In the silence the “magician” rumbles,
His backpack rattles to the beat.
The sun is shining brightly in the sky,
A cool wind hits your face.
Fedya, that’s the tourist’s name,
For the first time he storms the distance...
- They are melting, - know this, -
There are cigarettes in a bright pack.
Yes, matches are smoking in the bushes,
What quits out of habit...
Here in a rowan jacket,
Picking up the toe of a shoe
Your cigarette butt, boy
Threw it deliciously onto a stump.
What a scared bird
It flew out of the nest in one fell swoop.
Fedya shouted after her:
- Hello to the wood grouse!
Unfinished bottle
Threw it into a pile at the fork.
A ray jumps from the bottle
A hot trickle through the heap...
A pile of dried branches
It will soon burst into flames like gunpowder.
-...The guy is strong, full of strength –
There is no trace of him...
From a rocket launcher to a squirrel
He hits the plate like in a shooting gallery...
Among the dense windfall
I decided to relax like I was at home.
And Fedya will soon go to rest -
A large fire was immediately lit.
I ate Snickers and drank tea. –
Full of fresh energy again.
And without putting out the fire,
Hidden in the dark wilderness...
But behind Fedya's back
The smoke is a thick veil.
And around this time
The bear walked quietly up the mountain.
Seeing everything is his habit:
He looks - the forest is burning from a match...
Where the fire glowed -
The old forest is burning.
From the burning heap to the thicket
The snake crawls, smoldering with fire...
They gave me a job
Until the seventh, immediately, sweat!
The red skin is smoking,
The bear continues to fight
With the fire running wild.
- There wasn’t enough time in the afternoon -
The evening is extinguishing, the night is extinguishing,
To help our native taiga!
Anger strangles the bear with all its might:
- I'll cut off the bastard's ears.
Let him cut it off on the nose,
How to behave in the forest.
But while I was extinguishing the taiga,
Fedya has long since disappeared...
Yes, - the bear thought, -
Hundreds of Fedya come to the forest.
Fedya will not see behind everyone
Even a thousand bears.
We need to make sure that Fedya
Honor the Bear Rules!
So that they, and all the boys
They were read like books.
Didn't smoke, didn't litter,
The forest was idolized in everything.
We took care of animals and birds,
Without bad habits, we would go on.
And then there are bears in the forest
Even Fedya will be welcome!
U. What rules of behavior in the forest did Fedya violate? What act of such a unfortunate tourist led to great trouble for the forest and its inhabitants?
D. Careless handling of fire leads to a fire in the forest.
Show the VIII slide of the presentation "Forest and Man". Forest fire.
U. Why is a forest fire dangerous? What should be done to prevent fires from starting a fire?
D. During a fire, forest inhabitants die, the ecological balance and ecological connections are disrupted. To avoid fires, you must follow the rules for making a fire.
Working with the textbook.
U. Read the memo “How to make a fire” on page 111 in the textbook.
U. What else can’t you do in the forest?
D. Break tree branches, destroy nests, make noise, litter.
U. This is what a forest can become.
Show slide IX of the presentation "Forest and Man". Landfills in the forest.
U. What harm do unauthorized landfills cause to forests and people?
D. They pollute the environment, disrupt the ecological balance, etc.
U. What other environmental problem of the forest do you know?
D. Killing animals is one of the environmental problems of the forest.
U. What did excessive hunting lead to?
D. To the complete or almost complete extermination of some animals.
U. What measures are being taken by the state to protect and save forest animals?
D. Hunting for forest animals is limited, poaching is punishable by law, rare and endangered animals and plants are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and are under special protection of the state.
Show X slide of the presentation "Forest and Man". Red Book.
Screening of the presentation "Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve".
U. Nature reserves have been created in the forest zone. You will learn about one of them by reading the presentation and the teacher’s story.
In the south of the Moscow region, near the city of Serpukhov, there is the Prioksko-Terrasny State Natural Biosphere Reserve - a pearl of nature in the southern Moscow region. The reserve was created in June 1945 after the war. Its area is 4945 hectares. Most of it is covered with forests. In 1979, the reserve received the status biosphere reserve. There are 960 plant species growing on the territory of the reserve, including rare ones listed in the Red Book of Russia. The pearl of the reserve are areas of steppe vegetation surrounded by pine forests located in the south of the reserve. This is a unique “Oka flora”. Here you can see such rare plants for the Moscow region as feather feather grass, fescue, Bieberstein tulip, Russian hazel grouse and other plants steppe zone. 56 species of mammals live here. The most common inhabitants of the Russian Plain are wild boar, elk, badger, marten, weasel, and hares: hare and hare. Rarely does a wolf come in. IN last years there are lynx and otter. Roe deer and beaver have been restored. The bird fauna includes 140 species. In spring and summer, pied flycatchers, finches, robins, warblers, and great tits are numerous. There are capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse. And also the black kite, kestrel, hawks - goshawk and sparrowhawk, tawny owl, little owl. Among the insects rare species butterflies Mnemosyne, swallowtail, Apollo, etc. In 1948, the Central Bison Nursery was organized in the reserve, which became the center for the restoration and breeding of bison in Russia. Animals are kept here in conditions close to natural. During the existence of the nursery, more than 600 purebred bison were born, 250 of them were resettled in the forests of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania. Excursions are organized at the bison nursery.
VI. Consolidation.
Working with Spectra's "Forest Natural Community" magnetic poster and illustrated cards. Using cards, children show and talk about which human activities are aimed at benefiting the forest community, and which, on the contrary, bring harm to the forest.
U. Why do you think some people do not follow the rules of behavior in the forest?
Work in notebooks "Let's test ourselves." Peer testing in pairs.
- Option I - task No. 1. Supplement the diagram “The importance of forests in nature and people’s lives,” p. 29.
- Option II - task No. 2. Mark those animals that are listed in the Red Book and live in the forest zone, p. 30.
VII. Homework.
VIII. Bottom line.
U. What new did you learn in the lesson? What should a person remember when coming to the forest? (Children's answers). Everyone should think about how our descendants will see the forests, and whether the forest can give them what it gives us now.
Grading.
Materials used.
1. O. Dmitrieva: Lesson developments for the course “The World around us”: 4th grade: K educational method. set of Pleshakov A.A. M.: VAKO, 2006.
3. Website of the Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve http://www.danki.ru /
4. Website "Ecotravel" http://www.ecotravel.ru/regions/reserves/1/2/36/
Tatiana Norinskaya
"Forest and Man". Lesson summary in 4th grade on the subject “The World around us”
Goals lesson:
Form in students performance about the role of forests in life man and nature;
To introduce the environmental problems of the forest that arose due to person, with the security activities of people in the forest zone;
Develop cognitive interest, develop speech, logical thinking, the ability to analyze, draw conclusions, broaden the horizons of students;
To cultivate respect and love for nature, a sense of duty and responsibility to natural resources.
I. Organizational moment
Good morning. Today on our there are guests in the lesson. Let's say hello. Sit down.
I'll read an excerpt from the song "Forest March"
We wrote it ourselves
In the forest green book
About what the forest has
Reliable friends -
The same girls
The same boys
Just as happy
Like you and me!
Why did I start our lesson from this passage? (This passage is about friends of the forest)
Who should protect the forest? (People should do this.)
Who can formulate the theme of our lesson?
The topic and goals are communicated lesson.
The topic of our lesson is "Forest and Human»
II. Checking homework
1. Before moving on to studying a new topic, let's check your homework.
Tell us about the tundra.
What can you tell us about the taiga?
Name the trees that grow in the taiga
What animals live in the taiga?
What can you tell us about the zone of broad-leaved and mixed forests?
Flora of forests
2. There is a competition drawings: "Like me I imagine the taiga, mixed and deciduous forest." The drawings are briefly commented on. (exhibition of drawings on the board)
The guys drew pictures, let's follow the pictures let's define What zone do they belong to?
By what signs did you recognize it?
III. Working on a new topic
1. Listen to the poem by S. Nikulina "Russian Forest" read by Savvateev Michael:
There's nothing sweeter
Wander and think here.
Heals, warms,
Feed the Russian forest.
And the thirst will torment
That's a little forest guy for me
Among the thorny thickets
The fontanel will show.
I'll lean over to get a drink
And you can see everything to the bottom.
Water flows,
Tasty and cold.
Rowan trees are waiting for us in the forest,
Nuts and flowers,
Fragrant raspberry
On dense bushes.
I'm looking for a mushroom clearing
I, without sparing my legs,
And if I get tired
I'll sit down on a tree stump.
The forest loves pedestrians very much,
For them, he is completely his own.
There's a goblin wandering around here somewhere
With a green beard.
Life seems different
And my heart doesn't hurt
When over your head,
Like eternity, the forest is noisy.
What relationships is this poem talking about? (The poem talks about the relationship between man and forest)
This poem will help us figure out what the forest is for person.
2. Work from the textbook, p. 106. Determining the role of forests in human life.
Read the article in the textbook “The role of forests in nature and people’s lives” on pp. 106-107 - and you will find out what role the forest plays.
3. Work in notebooks.
Open your notebook to page 50 and answer the first question: What role does the forest play in your life? (some Human read out their answers)
4.1) So what is a forest for? person? (the first card is opened - "resting-place").
The forest is a real filter that cleanses the air from dust and soot. Dust settles on the leaves and is then washed to the ground by rain. In addition, the leaves of many trees release special substances into the air - phytoncides. They kill pathogenic microbes. It is good and pleasant to relax in the clean air.
2) Why is it called a forest "Pharmacy"(card opens - "pharmacy").
The forest is a storehouse of various riches. They grow here the most valuable breeds trees, many medicinal plants and herbs.
3) In the forest Human finds food for itself - these are berries, nuts, mushrooms, clean water (a card opens "source of clean water and food").
4) How can a forest warm you up? person?
So the forest is for person- this is a source of fuel (a card opens "fuel source").
5) (card opens “house for plants, animals, mushrooms”).
How do you understand this?
6) What is the forest for the air?
The forest is an oxygen shop. In big cities it is necessary a large number of trees, because they absorb harmful substances that are in the air
7) Why else is the forest a protector? (card opens “protector of air, water bodies and soils”).
How do forests protect water bodies?
How does the forest protect the soil?
The forest maintains the full flow of rivers, streams, and reservoirs.
The forest regulates the action of the wind, protects the soil from the influence of blowing and dispersal. They even plant forest belts that prevent soil from being blown away.
5. Everything you said is true, but now let's summarize our knowledge. Look at the diagram we came up with.
Meaning of forest
1. Rest place
3. Source of water and food
4. Fuel source
5. House for plants, mushrooms, animals
6. Protector of water bodies, air, soil.
What conclusion can be drawn from all that has been said?
Conclusion: the forest has great importance, both in nature and in life person.
IV. Reinforcing a covered topic
1). Test work "Natural forest zone" (slides 3-7)
Let's do a little test. Attention to the screen.
1. The natural forest zone consists from:
1) five parts;
2) two parts;
3) three parts;
2. The most large territory occupy:
1) mixed forests;
2) coniferous forests;
3) broad-leaved forests;
3. They grow in the taiga:
1) fir, spruce, larch;
2) oaks, pines, spruces;
3) birch, linden, larch;
4. The following forest animals are listed in the Red Book stripes:
1) musk ox, walrus, pink gull;
2) red-breasted goose; merlin; Siberian Crane;
3) stork; walrus; seal;
5. Forest protection is….
1) duty of the state;
2) the duty of the state and the duty of every citizen;
3) care of the forest inhabitants themselves;
2). Self-test.. Blitz tournament "I know the forest"(the teacher dictates, and then the students change leaves and check on the screen, slides 9-17)
What forest do we call taiga?
Which tree is the symbol of Russia?
- Name the tree: “Tall, slender, with yellowish-reddish or brown bark. The branches are only at the top. The needles are long and arranged in pairs. The cones are small, rounded».
This animal can jump from tree to tree.
Who is the forest health officer?
This animal can not only jump, but also fly.
What tree are acorns the fruit of?
Perform on cards in pairs.
Identify coniferous trees by their branches and cones. Number the drawings (1. Spruce. 2. Pine. 3.
Cedar pine. 4. Fir. 5. Larch)
find out deciduous trees by leaves and fruits. Number the drawings (1. Oak. 2. Maple. 3. Linden. 4. Ash. 5. Elm).
3). Guess the riddles and solve the crossword puzzle (slides 19-21)
1. Russian beauty, standing in a clearing, in a green blouse, in a white sundress (birch).
2. The squadron sat down on a large colored carpet, then opened and then closed its painted wings (butterflies).
3. I have stilts - the swamps are not scary, will I find frogs - that’s my concern (heron).
4. There are workers in the river: not joiners, not carpenters, but they will build a dam - even paint a picture (beavers).
5. Leaves are falling from the aspen trees, a sharp wedge is rushing in the sky (cranes).
6. There is a cheerful house on a pole, with a small round window so that the children can fall asleep, the house is swaying by the wind, the father is singing on the porch - he is both a pilot and a singer (starling).
7. You injured your leg while hiking, fatigue doesn’t let you walk, bend over: a soldier by the road is ready to help you on your way (plantain)
8. From a branch to a path, from a grass to a blade of grass, a spring jumps - a green back (grasshopper)
9. I show off as a white fluffy ball in a clean field. A light breeze blew and a stem remained (dandelion).
10. This dog’s brother is gray, and the robber is the first (wolf).
V. Summary. Reflection
Let's summarize our lesson.
Try to answer these questions.
Have you learned anything new about yourself today?
What did you find interesting?
What do you remember?
What did you want to know more about?
Let's rate ourselves and our achievements on a scale (Christmas trees are prepared on the board according to the colors of the forest zones)
Well done! Good job on lesson.
VI. Homework
We opened our diaries and wrote down our homework.
2) Notebook page 51-52
Thank you very much for lesson!
Lesson type: combined
Target
— formation of a holistic picture of the world and awareness of a person’s place in it based on the unity of rational scientific knowledge and the child’s emotional and value understanding personal experience communication with people and nature;
Characteristics of student activities
Understand educational objectives of the lesson, strive to fulfill them.
Work in pairs: using the diagram and text of the textbook, disclose the role of forests in nature and people's lives. Discuss environmental problems of the forest, suggest measures to protect it, discuss rules of behavior in the forest using the book “Giant in the Clearing”. Extract from additional literature and the Internet, messages about plants and animals from the Red Book of Russia, prepare messages. Discuss ecological problems national park"Elk Island" Characterize forest zones according to plan.
Formulate draw conclusions from the material studied, answer final questions and evaluate achievements in the lesson.
Planned results
Subject (know, be able to)
Know the role of plants in nature and people’s lives, rules of behavior in the forest.
Be able to give examples of representatives different groups plants and animals, reveal their features appearance and life.
Metasubject (Regulatory. Cognitive. Communicative)
P. - build messages in orally, carry out analysis of objects highlighting essential and non-essential features. Establish cause and effect relationships.
R. - evaluate the correctness of the action at the level of an adequate retrospective assessment of the compliance of the results with the requirements of the given task.
K. - determine the goals, functions of participants, methods of interaction
Personal results
A feeling of love for one's country, expressed in interest in its nature.
Cooperation skills in different situations, the ability to avoid creating conflicts and find a way out of controversial situations.
Basic concepts and definitions
House for plants, animals, mushrooms
Protector of air, water bodies and soils.
Preparing to learn new material
Using a diagram, talk about the role of forests in nature and people’s lives. Reveal some points in more detail using the textbook text
1.House for plants, animals, mushrooms.
2.Defender of air, water bodies and soils.
3. Place for a person to rest
4. Source of berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants.
5.Wood source
Learning new material
THE ROLE OF FORESTS IN NATURE AND PEOPLE’S LIFE
The forest is the “lungs” of our planet, the protector of the air. Forest plants release huge amounts of oxygen and absorb a lot carbon dioxide. One hectare of forest absorbs as much carbon dioxide in an hour as is produced by the breathing of two hundred people! The forest also clears the air of dust. It settles on the leaves, and then is washed off to the ground by rain. The leaves of many trees release special substances into the air - phytoncides. They kill pathogenic bacteria. Forests located near cities and along roads purify the air well.
Forest is a protector of water bodies. People have long noticed: rivers along the banks of which forests have been cut down are becoming shallow. The fact is that in the forest, melt and rain water slowly seeps into the soil and from there gradually flows into the river, “feeding” it. If the forest is cut down, the water quickly flows in streams into the river along the surface of the soil. Flooding may occur. But then there is no influx of water into the river for a long time, and it becomes shallow.
The forest is also a protector of the soil. Wind and water flows quickly destroy the soil in areas where forests have been cut down.
The forest pleases people with its beauty. Rest in the forest improves mood and strengthens human health. And how many mushrooms, berries, and medicinal plants the forest gives us!
ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AND NATURE CONSERVATION IN FOREST AREAS
Ecological problems in these natural areas are associated mainly with deforestation, as well as with illegal hunting - poaching.
Previously, people thought that there were so many forests that it was simply impossible to cut them all down. Now it has become clear: the forests are in danger! Therefore, reforestation work is carried out in the place of cut down forests, that is, new forests are planted. The tree seedlings required for this are grown in special nurseries.
To cut down fewer trees, you need to use waste paper more. A considerable portion of paper and cardboard can be obtained from it. One ton of waste paper saves 10 mature trees from being cut down.
Forest plants and animals included in the Red Book of Russia are under special protection, for example lady's slipper (), ginseng (), beauty beetle (3), relic woodcutter (), stag beetle(5), mandarin duck(6), owl(7), bison(8), Amur tiger(9).
Created in forest areas big number nature reserves and national parks. Among them Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve, national park "Elk Island"
Comprehension and understanding of acquired knowledge
DEPENDS ON EVERYONE!
The life of the forest and its inhabitants depends on everyone who visits the forest. No one should forget that he is here visiting nature and is obliged to follow certain rules.
One of the simplest and important rules: Don’t leave trash in the forest! A forest loses its beauty if it is cluttered. Sharp glass or a tin can can injure a person or even an animal. In addition, the glass shards seem to be collected Sun rays, and this can cause dry leaves or blades of grass to catch fire. Then a fire will start in the forest
Fires often result from lighting fires in the forest. One small spark or ember can start a large fire. Even if there is no fire, the fire will still leave something ugly on the ground. black spot- fireplace. It has not been overgrown with grass for many years.
When making a fire, people often choose a completely inappropriate place: next to trees or where branches hang low, where there is a lot of dry grass.
When leaving, many forget to put out the fire or do it somehow, and the fire flares up again. All this leads to a fire.
Independent use knowledge
Study the instructions in the textbook. Which rules did you already know and which were new to you?
Come up with conventional signs to these rules. Draw them in your workbook
How to make a fire
1. Children should not make a fire alone, without their elders.
2. A fire is needed to cook food or keep warm. You can't dilute it unnecessarily.
3.You need to carefully choose a place for a fire. There should be nothing nearby that could catch fire.
4. It is better to make a fire in an old fire pit. If it is not there, you need to remove the turf (a layer of soil with plants) with a shovel and build a fire in the resulting hole.
5. When leaving, be sure to extinguish the fire: fill it with water or cover it with sand, and put the turf back in place.
Let's discuss!
1. Air purity largely depends on the “health” of the forest. Does the “health” of the forest depend on the cleanliness of the air?
2. Why do you think some people do not follow the rules of behavior in nature? What needs to be done to ensure that everyone treats nature with care?
check yourself
1.What role do forests play in nature and people’s lives?
2. Explain why the forest is called a protector of air, water bodies and soils.
3. How to behave correctly in the forest?
4. Give brief description forest zones according to the plan given in the textbook.
Conclusion
Forests purify the air, keep rivers full, and protect soils from wind and water flows. People admire the beauty of the forest, relax in it, pick mushrooms, berries, medicinal plants. In the forests there are plants and animals included in the Red Book of Russia. Caring attitude to the forest is the responsibility of every person.
Tasks for homework
1.In the book "Giant in the Clearing" read the stories “Always take your own trash with you”, “The fire is burning”, “White fairytale palace”. Analyze your behavior in the forest. What can these stories teach you?
2. Using additional literature and the Internet, prepare a report about one of the forest plants or animals included in the Red Book.
3.Using the Internet, take an imaginary trip to national park"Losiny Island" What programs and environmental projects do the national park staff offer to children?
ForestAndHuman
Meaningforests
"The Forest and Its Meaning" 1965
Rational use and forest protection
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Information sources:
SCHOOL OF RUSSIA Federal State Educational Standard A. A. Pleshakov textbook, E. A. Kryuchkova workbook The world around us 4th grade Moscow “Enlightenment” 2014
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