Small-caliber anti-aircraft artillery of Germany in the Second World War. Air defense units 20 mm anti-aircraft gun flak 30 38
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2 cm FlaK 30
Before the start of World War II, at the beginning of 1939, each Wehrmacht infantry division was assigned 12 20-mm FlaK 30 anti-aircraft guns or Flak 38.
The guns were used until the end of World War II.
2 cm FlaK 38
In 1938, based on the results combat use in Spain, the Mauser company modernized the 2 cm FlaK 30 - the modernized sample received the designation 2 cm FlaK 38 and was adopted by the German army.
The new installation had the same ballistics and ammunition; both guns were mounted on the same type of light wheeled carriages, which in the combat position provided all-round fire with a maximum elevation angle of 90°. Changes to the carriages were minimal - in particular for 2 cm FlaK 38 a second speed was introduced in manual guidance drives. Basically, all changes in the modernized gun were aimed at increasing the rate of fire, which increased from 240-280 rounds/min. up to 420-480 rds/min. The principle of operation of the mechanisms of the FlaK 38 assault rifle remains the same - the use of recoil force with a short barrel stroke. An increase in the rate of fire was achieved by reducing the weight of the moving parts and increasing their movement speeds, and therefore special shock absorber buffers were introduced. In addition, the introduction of a carbon spatial accelerator made it possible to combine the unlocking of the shutter with the transfer of kinetic energy to it.
Description
The anti-aircraft gun was equipped with a mechanical computational sight.
Notes
- Artillery in Spain (translation from English) // Military Foreigner, No. 2, 1938. - pp. 74-79.
- Lehren des spanischen Krieges // “Deutsche Wehr”, 16.VI.1938. - s. 398-399
20 mm anti-aircraft guns were widely used by German troops and were an effective weapon for combating low-flying air targets. Although before the outbreak of World War II the main forces of anti-aircraft artillery were part of the Luftwaffe, nevertheless, each Wehrmacht division had at its disposal 12 20-mm Flak.30/38 machine guns.
20-mm anti-aircraft automatic cannon Flak.30 was developed by the company Rheinmetall"in the early 20s and consisted of a monoblock barrel equipped with a muzzle brake/flame suppressor, a sled, a cradle, recoil devices, a carriage and sighting devices. The automatic operation was based on the use of recoil of the barrel and bolt with a short recoil of the barrel. Trigger allowed single and automatic fire. The descent was carried out by pressing a pedal, and box magazines with a capacity of 20 shells were used to power the machine gun. IN stowed position The anti-aircraft gun was transported on a two-wheeled, sprung cart.
The Flak.30 gun was light in weight and had a simple design. The monoblock barrel was easily separated from receiver, thanks to which it was quickly replaced during continuous shooting. The disadvantages of the machine gun were high sensitivity to changes in the elevation angle of the barrel, contamination and thickening of the lubricant, and most importantly, insufficient rate of fire due to the lack of continuous power.
The first anti-aircraft guns of this type began to enter German troops in 1935, and three years later it was adopted new option of this weapon, Flak.38, which had the same ballistics and ammunition, but was distinguished by a higher rate of fire by reducing the weight of the moving parts and increasing the speed of their movement. Flak.38 assault rifles appeared at the front in 1940, and in the same year a quadruple installation based on them was created.
In addition to the two-wheeled carriage, Flak.30/38 anti-aircraft guns were also mounted on various types of self-propelled chassis, for example in the bodies of Opel Blitz and Ford Maultier trucks, and on half-track transporters SdKfz 10/5. In mid-1944, the German troops included over 26 thousand. anti-aircraft installations this type.
20-mm triple anti-aircraft gun "MG-151/20 Drilling", created on the basis aircraft gun"MG-151/20" by combining single-barrel guns into one installation. The total ammunition capacity of the installation was 3000 rounds. The installations were equipped with armored vehicles, armored boats, railway armored platforms, etc. A total of 5,114 units were produced. In addition, the units produced semi-makeshift installations with MG-151 guns. In total, about 15 thousand performance characteristics of the installation were redone: caliber - 20 mm; length – 1.7 m; trunk length – 1.1 m; single-barreled gun weight – 42 kg; rate of fire - 750 rounds per minute; projectile weight – 115 kg; starting speed– 725 m/s; ammunition - 20x82 mm: ammunition - belt in boxes (450 rounds per central barrel, 240 per side); effective firing range – 600 m.
20mm automatic anti-aircraft gun Model 1934 was produced by order of Germany by the Swiss company Oerlikon under the designation “2-cm Flak 28/29” in various versions - from towed guns to twin installations on ships and self-propelled guns. Approximately about 3 thousand guns were supplied. Performance characteristics of the most common version: caliber - 20 mm; length – 2.2 m; weight – 68 kg; rate of fire - from 300 to 650 shots depending on the gun version; maximum range firing range – 4.4 km, effective – 1.1 km; ammunition - 20x110mm; ammunition - magazine for 30 rounds of ammunition; initial speed – 830 m/s; projectile weight - 120 g.
The Flak-30 gun was developed by Rheinmetall and began entering service with the Air Force in 1934. The anti-aircraft gun was equipped with a mechanical computational sight High Quality and accuracy. The gun was exported to Holland and China. TTX guns: caliber 20 mm; length – 2.3 m; width – 1.8 m; height – 1.6 m; trunk length – 1.3 m; weight in combat position - 450 kg, in stowed position - 770 kg; projectile weight – 120 g; ammunition supply – magazine for 20 ammunition (20×138B); initial speed – 900 m/s; rate of fire - 480 rounds per minute; effective range - 4.8 km, armor penetration - 9 mm at a distance of 1,000 m; calculation – 7 people.
The quadruple installation "Flak-36 Vierling" was created on the basis of the "Flak-30". It was installed in truck bodies, on armored vehicles and also had a towed version. TTX: caliber – 20 mm; length – 2.2 m; width - 2.4 m; height – 2.2 m; weight – 1.5 t; rate of fire - 800 rounds per minute; initial speed – 900 m/s; firing range - 4.8 km.
The gun is the result of modernization of the FlaK-30 gun - the barrel length was reduced by 2 calibers, and total weight- 30 kg. The troops began to receive them in 1940. Total The number of guns of all modifications produced is about 130 thousand. The gun supplied to Romania was designated “Tunul antiaerian Gustloff, cal. 20 mm, md. 1938". TTX guns: caliber – 20 mm; length – 4 m; width – 1.8 m; height – 1.6 m; weight – 405 kg; projectile weight – 120 g; barrel length - 115 calibers; ammunition supply - 20 (20x138V) ammunition in the magazine; initial speed – 900 m/s; rate of fire - 480 rounds per minute; effective range - 2.2 km, armor penetration - 9 mm at a distance of 1000 m.
"FlaKvierling" is a quad version of the "20-mm FlaK-38" anti-aircraft gun. The installation was used both stationary and towed, and was also installed on self-propelled guns, ships, etc. A total of 2,140 units were produced. TTX guns: caliber – 20 mm; length – 4 m; width – 1.8 m; height - 1.6 m; weight – 1.5 t; trunk length – 1.3 m; projectile weight – 120 g; ammunition supply - magazine for 20 ammunition (20x138V); initial speed – 900 m/s; rate of fire - 1,800 rounds per minute; effective range - 2.2 km, armor penetration - 9 mm at a distance of 1,000 m.
The 20-mm Gebirgsflak 38 cannon is a lightweight copy of the 2-cm Flak-38 cannon, intended for use in mountain conditions and was put into service in 1942. The cannon had a small shield and a two-wheel pneumatic drive. It could be transported either by tow or disassembled into several parts for separate transportation. The gun had a dual purpose, i.e. It was used against both air and ground targets. TTX guns: caliber – 20 mm; mass in transport position 374 kg; weight in combat position - 276 kg; length in transport position – 3.6 m; trunk length - 1.4 m; width – 1.2 m; ammunition - 20x138 mm; ammunition - magazine for 20 rounds; calculation – 4 people.
Anti-aircraft gun 3 cm Flak-103/38
Quadruple installation - Flakvierling-103/38
The Flak-103 gun was created by superimposing a 30 mm MK-103 aircraft cannon onto the carriage of a 20 mm Flak-38 automatic anti-aircraft gun. The design uses components and mechanisms of Flak-30/38 anti-aircraft installations. In addition to single guns, a quadruple installation “Flakvierling-103/38” was developed. The chassis of the Pz-IV tank was equipped with a turret with a twin system of 30 mm guns, which was called the Kugelblitz. A total of 189 guns were manufactured. In addition to the Flak-103/38, the MK-303 Br anti-aircraft gun was also created on the basis of the MK-103, which was distinguished by an even higher initial projectile speed (1,080 m/s). 222 such guns were produced. TTX guns: caliber – 30 mm; length – 2.4 m; trunk length – 1.3 m; weight in combat position - 619 kg, in stowed position - 879 kg; the initial speed of a fragmentation projectile is 900 m/s, an armor-piercing projectile is 800 m/s; rate of fire - 250 rounds per minute; firing range - 5.7 km; projectile weight - 815 g; ammunition supply - magazine for 30 - 40 ammunition; ground clearance - 430 mm; calculation – 5 people; transportation speed – up to 60 km/h.
Anti-aircraft gun 3.7-cm FlaK-18
Anti-aircraft gun 3.7 cm FlaK-37
3.7 cm FlaK-37 cannon mounted on a tractor platform
3.7 cm FlaK-37 cannon mounted on a tank chassis
The gun was developed by Rheinmetall on the basis of the ST-10 cannon and put into service in 1935. Firing was carried out from a pedestal carriage that had a cruciform base resting on the ground. In the stowed position, the gun was mounted on a four-axle cart, and later on a four-frame carriage with a detachable two-wheeled cart. The guns were equipped with a shield cover to protect them from bullets and shrapnel. The “Flak-36” modification differed from the basic “Flak-18” model by reducing its weight to 1,550 kg. weighing in combat position and up to 2,400 kg. in marching mode. After equipping the gun with the “Flakvisier-37” sight, it received the designation “3.7-cm Flak-37”. The gun was widely used by the troops, both on standard frames and on railway platforms and vehicles - armored and unarmored under the designation “37-mm Flak-36/37”. 123 of these guns were installed on the ZSU of an 8-ton half-track tractor. Guns were also installed on the chassis of decommissioned tanks. A total of 12 thousand guns were fired. TTX guns: caliber – 37 mm; length – 5.5 m; width – 2.4 m; height – 2.1 m; barrel length - 98 klb; weight in stowed position - 3.5 tons, in stowed position - 1.7 kg; projectile weight – 635 g; ammunition supply - magazine for 6 or 8 ammunition; initial speed – 820 m/s; rate of fire - 160 rounds per minute; maximum firing range – 13.7 km; effective range – 4.8 km; armor penetration - 25 mm at a distance of 1,000 m.
The Flak-43 cannon was created on the basis of the FlaK-18, from which it had a higher rate of fire. It was put into service in 1943. A modification of the gun was the two-gun mount “3.7-cm Flakzwilling 43”, which had two machine guns located one above the other. A total of 5918 units were produced. Under the designation "Tunul antiaerian Rheinmetall, cal. 37 mm, md. 1939" gun was used by Romanian troops. TTX guns: caliber 37 mm; weight in stowed position - 2 tons, in combat position - 1.2 tons, 2-barrel installation - 2.5 tons; length – 3.4 m; width – 2.4 m; height – 2.4 m; trunk length – 2.1 m; projectile weight – 635 g; rate of fire - 150-230 rounds per minute; rate of fire of a dual installation - 300-360 rounds per minute; initial speed – 770-1150 m/s; maximum firing range - 6.5 km; effective range – 4.7 km; ammunition supply – magazine for 8 rounds of ammunition; armor penetration - 24 mm at a distance of 1000 m.
The 37-mm twin automatic cannon "SK C/30" was produced by Rheinmetall and entered service in 1935. The gun was used on almost all warships until 1944. A modification is known under the designation "3.7-cm SK C/30U" for submarines. The gun was often equipped with a cover shield 8 mm thick. The gun's ammunition included tracers and high explosive shells. In total, about 1.6 thousand guns were fired. TTX guns: caliber – 37 mm; height – 2.5 m; trunk length – 2.9 m; installation weight – 3.6 tons; barrel weight with bolt - 243 kg; ammunition weight - 2.1 kg; projectile weight - 742 g; projectile length – 162 mm; initial speed – 1,000 m/s; rate of fire - 30 rounds per minute; maximum firing range – 8 km; calculation – 6 people.
The 3.7-cm Flak-M42 naval anti-aircraft gun has been produced by Rheinmetal-Borsig since 1942 on the basis of the 3.7-cm/83 SK C/30. Unlike its predecessor, it had a higher rate of fire and a lighter shield. The gun was produced in single and double-barreled versions with separate ammunition supply. The guns were installed on small ships and submarines. In total, about 1.4 thousand guns were fired. TTX guns: caliber – 37 mm; trunk length – 2.6 m; installation weight – 1.3 t; barrel weight with bolt - 240 kg; ammunition weight - 3 kg; projectile weight - 1.4 kg; projectile length – 162 mm; initial speed – 865 m/s; rate of fire - 250 rounds per minute; maximum firing range – 7 km; ammunition 2 thousand rounds; calculation – 6 people.
The 50-mm Flak-41 anti-aircraft gun was put into service in 1941 and entered service with the light anti-aircraft divisions of the Luftwaffe. "Flak-41" was produced in two versions. The stationary gun was intended for the defense of strategically important objects. The mobile anti-aircraft gun moved on a biaxial carriage. In the stowed position, the installation was transported on a four-wheeled cart. In a combat position, both moves were rolled back. If necessary, the gun was also used to fire at light tanks and armored vehicles.
Despite the relatively large caliber, the 50 mm shells lacked power. In addition, the flashes of the shots blinded the gunner, even on a clear sunny day. The carriage turned out to be too bulky and inconvenient in real combat conditions. The horizontal aiming mechanism was too weak and worked slowly. A total of 94 guns were fired. TTX guns: caliber – 50 mm; length – 8.5 m; width – 4.6 m; height – 2.36 m; weight in traveling position - 5.5 tons, in combat position - 3.1 tons; projectile weight - 2.3 kg; initial speed – 840 m/s; rate of fire - 130 rounds per minute; firing range - 12 km; ammunition supply - magazine for 5-10 shots; calculation – 5 people; the time it takes to transfer the gun from traveling to firing position is 1 minute.
Anti-aircraft gun 5.5-cm Flak - 58
"Flak-58" is prototype, built by Rheinmetall in 1944, in which many were implemented technical solutions, characteristic of post-war anti-aircraft guns. The carriage had sprung wheel travel and pneumatic tires. Guidance was carried out automatically according to PUAZO commands by the gunner using electro-hydraulic drives or by the gunner using mechanical guidance drives and optical sight(when firing at ground targets). Hydraulic jacks were used to transfer the gun to the firing position from the traveling position. A total of 2 guns were built. TTX guns: caliber – 55 mm; installation length – 8.5 m; width – 3.4 m; trunk length – 5.8 m; weight in traveling position - 5.5 tons, in combat position - 2.9 tons; ammunition weight - 5 kg; weight high-explosive fragmentation projectile– 2 kg; initial speed – 1,070 m/s; rate of fire - 140 rounds per minute; firing range - 12 km; calculation – 5 people.
The 75 mm L/60 gun was developed in 1930 on the basis of the 7.5 cm Flak-L/59 gun, which was not put into production. In 1938, Krupp began production of the L/60 for naval and export applications. The gun was produced both on wheels and in the form of stationary installations. Variants known self-propelled units. In Norway the gun was designated “7.5 cm Flak-L/45 MK32”, in France – “7.5 cm Flak- M17/34”. About 50 guns were used in Germany. TTX guns: caliber – 75 mm; trunk length – 4.4 m; weight in combat position - 2.9 tons; initial speed – 800 m/s; rate of fire - 15 rounds per minute; firing range – 9 km; projectile weight - 6.6 kg.
The dual-purpose weapon was adopted in 1933 and was installed on hunters, submarines and auxiliary ships. The anti-aircraft modification of 1941 is known - “KM-41”. A total of 670 guns were used. Performance characteristics of the gun: caliber – 88 mm; trunk length - 3.9 m; barrel weight - 5.6 tons; weight – 1.2 t; projectile weight – 10 kg; projectile length – 385 mm; initial speed – 790 m/s; rate of fire - 15 shots; firing range – 14 km.
The ship's gun was put into service in 1933 and was installed on Lutzow-class ships in turret mounts. Performance characteristics of the gun: caliber – 88 mm; length – 6.9 m; trunk length – 6.3 m; installation weight – 27 tons; gun weight – 4.2 tons; ammunition weight - 18.5 kg; projectile weight - 9.4 kg; charge weight – 4.5 kg; initial speed – 950 m/s; rate of fire - 20 rounds per minute; firing range - 17.8 km.
The ship's gun was put into service in 1934 and was installed on light cruisers. Performance characteristics of the gun: caliber – 88 mm; height – 3.4 m; trunk length – 6.3 m; installation weight – 23 t; weight – barrel 3.6 t; ammunition weight - 15.2 kg; projectile weight - 9.3 kg; charge weight – 2.9 kg; projectile length - 397 mm; initial speed – 950 m/s; rate of fire - 20 rounds per minute; ammunition - 400 rounds; firing range - 18.8 km.
The naval gun was put into service in 1938 to equip submarines, minesweepers and merchant ships. Performance characteristics of the gun: caliber – 88 mm; length – 4 m; height – 3.2 m; trunk length – 3.7 m; installation weight – 5.3 t; gun weight – 776 kg; ammunition weight - 15 kg; projectile weight - 10.2 kg; charge weight – 2.1 kg; projectile length – 385 mm; initial speed – 700 m/s; rate of fire - 15 rounds per minute; firing range - 12 km.
The gun was put into service in 1906 and was installed on destroyers and torpedo boats. Performance characteristics of the gun: caliber – 88 mm; trunk length – 4 m; weight – 2.5 t; ammunition weight - 15 kg; projectile weight – 10 kg; projectile length – 385 mm; initial speed – 790 m/s; rate of fire - 15 rounds per minute; firing range – 14 km.
Mass production of the 88-mm caliber gun began in 1932 at Krupp factories under the designation “Flak-18”. The gun was transported using a two-axle trailer, the rear axle of which had double wheels, and the front axle had single wheels. The first use of the gun occurred in Spain, where it was also used to fight tanks. Required for shooting air targets the values of the angle of elevation, rotation and installation of the fuse were determined by the fire control device and transmitted to the gun to a lamp transmission device through a 108-core cable. The same information could be transmitted to the gunner by telephone. The 88 mm anti-aircraft gun "FlaK-18/36/37" served as a model for the creation anti-tank guns and tank guns for Tiger tanks.
The Flak-36 cannon was produced since 1935 and differed from the prototype in its simplified carriage design and improved barrel. Created a year later, the next modification, Flak-37, had an improved fire control system. In 1940, guns of all modifications were equipped with armored shields. The Flak-36 gun was a combined gun that could be used to combat air and ground targets, while the Flak-37 was manufactured as an anti-aircraft gun, permanently installed in batteries of four guns in fortified positions and was not equipped with trolleys for transportation.
Most gun assemblies mod. 18, 36 and 37 were interchangeable. A total of 20.7 thousand guns were fired. Performance characteristics These modifications roughly correspond to the characteristics of Flak-18. Unitary ammunition was used for shooting. Fragmentation shells with a remote fuse were used against aircraft. The initial speed of such a projectile was 820 m/sec, with a projectile weight of 9 kg, the charge explosive was 0.87 kg. The Pzgr-40 armor-piercing projectile penetrated 123 mm thick armor at a distance of 1500 m, and the cumulative “HL-Gr 39” - 90 mm at a distance of 3000 m. Under the designation “Tunul antiaerian Krupp, cal. 88 mm, md. 1936" gun was delivered to Romania. TTX guns: caliber – 88 mm; barrel length - 56 klb; length – 4.9 m; width – 2.3 m; height – 2.3 m; weight in stowed position - 8.2 tons, in combat position - 4.9 tons; rate of fire - 20 rounds per minute; effective range – 9 km; calculation – 11 people.
The 88-mm Flak-41 cannon was developed in 1939 by the Rheinmetal-Borsig company and only began to enter service with the troops in 1943. The gun was transported by mechanical traction using two single-axle bogies similar to the Flak-36. A total of 279 guns were produced. For Flak-41, 5 types of projectiles were developed: 2 high-explosive fragmentation shells with various types of fuses and 3 armor-piercing ones. Initial projectile speed: fragmentation projectile with a mass of 9.4 kg - 1,000 m/s; armor-piercing with a mass of 10 kg - 980 m/s.
Armor penetration at a distance of 1000 m: armor-piercing projectile - 159 mm, sub-caliber projectile - 192 mm. TTX guns: caliber - 88 mm; length – 6.5 m; width – 2.4 m; height – 2.6 m; trunk length – 6.5 m; weight in combat position - 7.8 tons, in stowed position - 11.2 tons; rate of fire - 25 rounds per minute; maximum firing range – 20 km, effective range – 12.3 km.
Shipborne anti-aircraft gun 10.5-cm SK C/33
The 105-mm gun was developed as a naval anti-aircraft gun under the designation “10.5-cm SK C/33” and was put into service in 1935. It was installed on cruisers and large ships. At the end of 1937, its land version was adopted to protect cities, enterprises and bases from air raids under the designation “Flak-38”. The gun was mounted on railway platforms, stationary positions and on ordinary carriages. The carriage had a cross-shaped frame arrangement - this made it possible to conduct all-round fire with an elevation angle of up to 85°. DC electric motors were used to aim the gun at the target. In 1940, the troops began to receive Flak-39 cannons, which differed from the Flak-38 in the design of the carriage and the fact that AC motors were installed rather than DC. A total of 4,045 guns were fired. TTX guns: caliber – 105 mm; length – 8.4 m; width – 2.4 m; height – 2.9 m, trunk length – 6.8 m; weight of a two-gun ship installation - 27.8 tons, weight of a land gun in firing position - 10.2 tons, in stowed position - 14.6 tons; gun barrel weight - 4.5 tons; ammunition weight - 26.5 kg; projectile weight – 15 kg; charge weight – 5.2 kg; explosive mass – 1.5 kg; projectile length - 438 mm; initial speed – 880-900 m/s; rate of fire - 15-18 rounds per minute; firing range - 17.7 km; armor penetration - 138 mm at a distance of 1,500 m.
The 128-mm Flak-40 anti-aircraft gun was put into service at the end of 1941. It served to protect the most important objects on the territory of the Third Reich and was installed on stationary positions and railway platforms, sometimes on wheeled carriages. The Flak-40 is an electrified weapon with power motors for the fuze setter, rammer and each guidance mechanism. To provide the guns with electricity, each battery had an autonomous electric generator with a capacity of 48 kW. Fire control was carried out using a control device. The design of the carriage and the guidance mechanisms made it possible to give the barrel a maximum elevation angle of 87°, and circular fire was ensured in the horizontal plane. The gun was fired using unitary shots with fragmentation shells. Technically, the gun provided an altitude reach of 14.8 km, however remote fuse allowed firing only up to 12.8 km. The gun could also fire armor-piercing shells, piercing armor up to 157 mm thick at a distance of 1500 m. However, these shells were mainly used in Jagdtiger tank destroyers armed with modified Flak-40 anti-aircraft guns. A total of 1,129 guns were manufactured. TTX guns: caliber – 128 mm; length – 7.8 m; width – 2.5 m; height – 3.5 m; weight in combat position - 17 tons, in stowed position - 26 tons; rate of fire - 14 rounds per minute; fragmentation projectile weight - 26 kg, armor-piercing projectile 28.3 kg; initial speed – 875 m/s; calculation of 5 people.
The "128-mm Flak-40 Zwilling" (twin) was developed to increase the density of anti-aircraft fire. The gun was produced by Hanomag since 1942 and entered service with Luftwaffe units. In total, at least 33 guns were fired. Structurally, it consisted of two barrels of a 128-mm Flak-40 cannon, mounted on the same carriage with common mechanisms guidance However, each barrel had its own device for installing a fuse and independent system loading. TTX guns: caliber – 128 mm; length – 7.8 m; width – 5 m; height 2.9 m; barrel length - 61 klb; weight – 27 t; initial speed – 880 m/s; firing range - 20 km; projectile weight - 26 kg; rate of fire - 28 rounds per minute.
The 150-mm Flak-50 anti-aircraft gun created by Krupp was a fully electrified gun with an electro-hydraulic guidance system and an automatic loading system with a rammer and ammunition lifter. For transportation it had to be disassembled into 4 parts: the frame, the lower part of the carriage, top part carriage and barrel. For this reason, it was intended to be used in stationary firing positions. Performance characteristics of the gun: caliber - 149.1 mm; weight – 22.2 t; rate of fire - 10 rounds per minute; mass of fragmentation projectile - 40 kg; initial speed - 890 m/s; vertical firing range - 15.2 km.