Working with youth in cultural institutions. Forms and methods of social work with youth. Coursework objectives

Forms of leisure are a kind of types, options for organizing cultural leisure, characterized by design features, goals, objectives and content, types and forms of activity of its participants, as well as the place and time of the event.

Acceptable forms of organizing cultural leisure are active forms of involving young people in cultural and leisure activities based on the initiative and practical participation of everyone. In the practice of cultural institutions, various types of organizing cultural leisure for youth have developed, which can be summarized in the following organizational forms:

· organization of activities of club formations (clubs of interests and amateur associations, creative groups;

· organization of cultural and leisure events.

Organization of activities of interest clubs.

Club is a public organization that brings together people for the purpose of communication on the basis of joint scientific, artistic and other interests; a voluntary association of youth with a specific purpose, operating on public principles; a community of people with common interests united in an organization or association.

The variety of clubs is very wide: intellectual, political, sports, entertainment, etc.,

Organization of activities of creative teams.

A creative team is a voluntary association of lovers of musical, choreographic, theatrical and other genres of artistic creativity, based on a community of interests and joint creative activities that contribute to the development of the talents of its members, the development and creation of cultural values.

Participation in creative groups is carried out in free time from study and represents one of the forms of active social, cultural and leisure activities.

Creative groups - ensembles, clubs, studios, sections, clubs

The repertoire of creative groups is one of the leading educational factors, the formation of which takes into account the following tasks:

o contribute to the formation and development of citizenship and patriotism among young people;

o develop respect for national history, traditions and culture of the people;

o to introduce to the achievements of domestic and world artistic culture;

o contribute to the formation of a multicultural and tolerant personality;

o develop cultural horizons

Organization of cultural and leisure events.

Work on organizing leisure time as an active form of extracurricular activities involves the inclusion of young people in the preparation and conduct of cultural and leisure events. Young people and creative groups actively participate in the organization, preparation, development and holding of cultural and sports events.

Cultural events:

· official and ceremonial meetings;

· concerts;

· show programs;

· theatrical performances;

· folklore holidays;

· competitions and festivals;

· theatrical processions;

· Creative meetings with outstanding cultural and artistic figures.

· Dance evenings, etc.

For young people, the greatest interest is in leisure programs of an exclusively recreational nature, which allow them to relieve fatigue, stress, nervous tension, and disconnect from all everyday worries. And therefore, such forms as small theatrical performances with a dance and competition program found a response among young people. These forms of leisure contribute to obtaining a charge of vivacity and positive emotions.

One of the most common types of leisure activities, recreation, and entertainment among young people is the disco.

“Disco” (Greek diskos - disk and theke - storage) is one of the most popular forms of leisure activities among modern youth. The main purpose of the disco is dancing using recordings of modern music. Equipped according to all the rules, the discotheque has the perfect sound-playing equipment, light-music systems, etc., and the head of the music programs - a disc jockey (DJ). “Disc jockey” or “DJ” (DJ) - Disc jockey, MC, disco host, one who puts records on and spins them in different directions to achieve sounds and rhythms. The mood of the audience depends on his musical taste.

In the modern world, disco in most cases is part of an extensive show business system that pursues both commercial and ideological goals to distract young people from political, social and serious cultural problems. I would like to note that disco is defined as a form of organizing leisure time.

Disco is a form of leisure that brings together people of various specialties, inclinations, and talents based on interest in music and art. The purpose of discos is the moral and aesthetic education of young people using effective technical means. Disco is a creative laboratory in which a synthesis of various genres of art is carried out; a small “institute for sociological research”, where the tastes and needs of young people are studied through questionnaires, surveys, and direct dialogue; “design and construction bureau”, where a wide variety of technical devices are conceived, designed and manufactured.

Promotions (flash mobs) are also very popular. Flash mob (flash mob, flash mob) (from the English flashmob; flash - flash; moment, instant; mob - crowd; translated as “flash of the crowd” or “instant crowd”) is a pre-planned mass action in which large group people (mobbers) suddenly appears in a public place, for several minutes performs pre-agreed actions (according to a prepared script) and then at the same time quickly disperses in different directions, as if nothing had happened. Main principle: “Flash mob is beyond politics and economics.” Flash mobs cannot be carried out as advertising or socio-political events.

Intellectual games also find their interest among young people.

An intellectual game is a type of game based on the players’ use of their intellect (from the Latin intellectus - understanding, knowledge) or erudition (from the Latin eruditio - learning, knowledge; deep comprehensive knowledge, broad awareness). Intellectual games are often built in the form of a quiz: as a rule, in such games participants are required to answer questions from various spheres of life and areas of knowledge.

In our country, show programs have become one of the popular forms of organizing leisure time. Having received, thanks to television, millions of fans of all ages, they have widely entered the practice of cultural institutions and youth clubs. Young people actively take part in various show programs. Talk show (from the English talk - to talk) is a type of show in which participants discuss topics proposed by the presenter. As a rule, there are spectators present who are given the opportunity to ask a question or express their opinion.

game show is a type of show based on a game played according to certain rules.

concert show is a type of show program based on a particularly bright, spectacular concert (gala concert).

dance show is a type of show program based on the use of choreography.

sports show - a type of show based on the demonstration of a sport.

Fashion show (from English Fashion - style, fashion) - fashion show, display of fashionable clothes; fashion theater performance, etc.

Various festivals and competitions are also an integral part of the leisure life of young people, this is especially true for youth creative groups, clubs, circles, as well as individuals interested in various areas of youth leisure subcultures. The festival may include not only a competition, but also other entertainment (excursion, concert, etc.) program for its participants and spectators.

KVN, no new form, but still remains relevant for the youth environment. Young people actively take part in KVN. KVN (Club of the Cheerful and Resourceful) - popular humorous games in which teams of various groups (universities, educational institutions, classes, etc.) compete in humorous responses to questions asked, improvisations on given topics, acting out pre-prepared scenes, etc.

Today, in our time of information, computers and computer networks, modern equipment, young people are becoming increasingly interested in “industrial” types of leisure games associated with the use of slot machines and computers. Creation of a modern slot machine hall. These games require certain skills, computer literacy, new information and knowledge.

Parlor games are team games, psychological turn-based role-playing games with a detective plot. This is an option for holding a holiday for small groups of participants (from 10 to 30 people). As a stand-alone event or as part of a Party, a parlor game allows participants to have an interesting and unusual time.

It cannot be said that all of the above forms are new in modern youth leisure. Most of them existed before, but over time their content changed due to changing interests of young people, the emergence of new youth subcultures and the growth of technological progress. As noted by I.V. Nosov, despite the conservatism of traditions, when they are passed on from generation to generation, there are always unlimited opportunities for maneuvering their content. This is manifested in the removal of some of the obsolete elements or the replenishment of this heritage with new materials that are more appropriate to the prevailing conditions. The simplification of types of youth leisure activities and the primitivization of their content, the inability to spend leisure time in an organized manner, can be explained by the underdevelopment of the leisure infrastructure, as well as the lack of sufficient financial resources for the majority of young people. This can be confirmed by the results of the study by Yu.R. Vishnevsky and L. Ya Rubina, who testify that, for example, the level of students’ spending on leisure activities correlates quite closely with the degree of satisfaction with their free time. Moreover, researchers have documented a direct connection between the amount of money spent on leisure activities and satisfaction with them.

The Internet as a type of leisure activity is organized not only at home, but also in various computer clubs and Internet cafes. At the same time, the functioning of such enterprises in the field of youth leisure is associated with a number of problems. Thus, during an expert survey of a leading specialist in the department for organizing educational work of the Department of Education and Science of the Krasnodar Territory, the results of raids on computer clubs in Krasnodar in September and November 2002 were discussed. During an interview with an expert, concerns were expressed about the “detrimental effect of excessive involvement in computer games of dubious content on the psyche young man».

Modern forms of work with high school students and youth also include:

* Health activities, which include tourism, conversations with medical specialists, preventive measures;

* Relaxation evenings (themed discos, holiday evenings, evenings of communication and dating, youth balls);

* Debate clubs, talk shows, briefings, scientific and moral conferences, communal gatherings;

* Meetings with interesting people, built in various forms ah - conversations, “dark” programs based on the plots of television programs. Meetings with WWII and Afghanistan veterans, meetings with the founders and participants of youth associations to exchange work experience are widely practiced;

* Concerts and festivals, competitions with the participation of creative youth and amateur youth groups, exhibitions of works by young artists, poets, and aspiring writers. Staging youth plays and musicals, shows with the participation of young performers and groups.

We can talk about two models of social work with youth - integrative and deficit. The integrative model is social work in a broad sense, which should contribute to the socialization of youth. In this aspect, social work practically correlates with such a type of professional activity as social pedagogy.

The implementation of this model is possible only through a state-public cost mechanism, which involves the allocation of significant financial, as well as human and material resources, which is possible only in the conditions of distributive management of the national economy. However, due to the excessively large amount of funds that must be allocated for the full implementation of this type of social work, most countries with market economies choose a deficit model for the development of social work, focused primarily on socially vulnerable segments of the population, risk groups, the disabled and lonely, and also children and adolescents.

Social work with youth refers to professional activities aimed at assisting both individual young people and groups of young people in order to improve or restore their ability to function socially; creating conditions conducive to the achievement of these goals in society, as well as working with young people at the communal level, at the place of residence or in work collectives. The main task of social work is to develop in young people the ability to independently solve their problems, adapt to new socio-economic conditions of a market economy, acquire independent living skills and participate in self-government. The subject of this type of activity is social services for youth, which are a combination of state and non-state structures, specialized institutions for providing social assistance and protection of young people, supporting their initiatives.

According to the materials of the Collection regulatory documents on labor tariffs for employees of the youth affairs system, there is following structure social services of the youth affairs system:

Center for socio-psychological assistance to youth, designed to provide medical, psychological and pedagogical assistance to youth experiencing crises, in conflict situations in micro- and macro-environments, prevention and prevention of deviant, delinquent and suicidal behavior in this category of the population. It is assumed that the center consists of two departments: a department of social and legal assistance, which includes a shelter, a hotel, a school of sociotherapy, a career guidance office, an industrial complex, a cultural and sports complex, a labor exchange, a decision bureau, a legal consultation, and a psychological and medical department - pedagogical assistance, which includes a diagnostic and psychological center, an advisory center for parents, an advisory center for students, an anonymous reception room, a crisis hospital, a lecture hall and a leisure center;

Information Center for Youth, designed to provide information and methodological services to executive authorities on youth affairs, organizations and institutions working with youth, and various groups of young people. In addition to organizing methodological support for solving legal, communication, personal, professional, leisure, educational, housing and other problems of young people, the center analyzes information about the processes occurring in the youth environment and the information needs of young people;

Center for the resocialization of minors and youth returning from prison, which provides advisory, socio-legal, career guidance and psychological assistance to youth who find themselves in a maladjusted state. The objectives of the center are to provide assistance to criminogenic categories of youth who have lost socially useful connections and are in a state of disadaptation, with the goal of “implanting” them into the sociosphere and preventing relapse; providing assistance in employment, career guidance and retraining for young people returning from prison; consultations on legal, medical and social issues, identifying current problems and crisis situations that have led to a maladjusted state, searching for ways out of them; elimination of conflicts and development, together with the ward, of guidelines in order to get out of a crisis state.

The Center should include a telephone counseling department ("helpline"), a psychological relief room, a career guidance and training school, a department for individual work with criminals, a consultation center;

A consultation center for teenagers and young people, designed to provide qualified, emergency, anonymous, free psychological assistance over the phone. Main tasks of the Center:

ensuring the availability and modernity of qualified socio-psychological assistance to adolescents and young people, regardless of their social status and place of residence;

assistance to subscribers experiencing current conflicts and in other psycho-traumatic situations, updating their creative, intellectual, personal, spiritual and physical resources to overcome a crisis;

conducting psychological telephone counseling for children, adolescents, youth, parents and educators on psychological problems of socialization and personality development of a young person;

information consultation of subscribers in order to establish their connection with other social services and specialists (psychotherapists, psychologists, teachers, sex therapists, lawyers, social workers, etc.);

identification of moods, conflict situations and “pain points” among young people, current trends in the youth environment, youth subculture;

A shelter for teenagers, designed to provide temporary (domestic, psychological, emotional) living conditions for a minor who, for objective or subjective reasons, is alienated from favorable conditions for personal development in the family, educational system, and society. To achieve these goals, the shelter:

ensures the availability, timeliness and effectiveness of assistance to minors;

based on diagnostic conversations, compiles socio-psychological characteristics of the personality of children and adolescents admitted to the shelter;

provides qualified and versatile (psychological, pedagogical, medical, legal, etc.) counseling to a minor, depending on the specific reasons for social discomfort;

conducts individual diagnostic conversations with residents in order to identify problems that are relevant to them and the degree of psychological stress, providing all possible assistance for their resolution, pedagogical correction, medical and social adaptation and rehabilitation;

provides residents with free meals;

assists (acts as an expert) in making a legal decision on changing or creating new conditions for the further life of minors in the family, at work, in educational institutions, etc.;

attracts to cooperation domestic and foreign organizations, individuals capable of providing moral, methodological or financial support, and also petitions for the adoption of measures of public, administrative and material influence in relation to parents and other persons who infringe and violate the rights and interests of minors, showing cruelty towards them, as well as various actions provoking antisocial behavior, running away from home, boarding school institutions, suicide attempts.

“Youth” problems, with all their specificity, cannot be solved in isolation from the system of family support, education and health care, public order, the development of culture, sports and tourism. The formation of social services is carried out in the modern period in conditions of disunity of individual programs and departmental confrontation.

The effectiveness and efficiency of work with youth in various regions of Russia largely depends on the degree of attention to youth on the part of management or the ability of heads of social services to find mutual understanding with representatives of local administration.

Relevance of the research topic. Leisure is traditionally one of the most important areas of youth life. Transformations in all aspects of the life of Russian society have led to changes in the sociocultural situation in the field of leisure. Youth is a special social group that is most susceptible to sociocultural innovations, which have a different impact on the development of a young person’s personality.

Leisure for modern youth is one of the primary values; many sociocultural needs of young people are realized in this area. The leisure sphere of life is characterized to the greatest extent by personal freedom, which is manifested in the choice of forms, place, and time of leisure. It is in the sphere of leisure that young people, more than anywhere else, act as free individuals. The leisure sphere is characterized by freedom from professional and family responsibilities; in addition, within its framework, institutional pressure on the personality of a young person is weakened. Therefore, in modern Russian society, in which there is instability of normative and value systems, the problem of youth leisure becomes particularly acute.

Increased interest in the sociological study of leisure is also determined by changes in the content and structure of leisure under the influence of sociocultural transformations that have occurred in the country (changes in the value systems of Russian youth, the development of social infrastructure, the emergence of new information technologies). This dictates the need to typologize the leisure behavior of young people in accordance with the current sociocultural situation in modern Russia.

The actualization of youth leisure issues is also due to the fact that the younger generation, in accordance with their sociocultural needs, devotes their leisure time mainly to communication in youth companies and peer groups, where a special youth subculture is formed that influences the development of a young person’s personality. Youth subcultures are a phenomenon determined both by the nature of culture and social interactions modern society, and a fundamental change within its framework of the place and role of youth. Due to the fact that negative manifestations in the sphere of leisure are largely due to its disorganization, there is a need to determine ways to regulate the leisure sphere of young people’s life. Thus, leisure as a sociocultural sphere of life of modern Russian youth requires deep scientific understanding.

The degree of development of the problem. The topic of the course research is a broad and multifaceted problem. In foreign and domestic sociological science, the study of leisure and free time is represented by the names of such scientists as B.L. Grushin, J. Dumazedieu, M. Kaplan, T. Kendo, S.G. Strumilin. They laid down the basic approaches to the study of free time and leisure.

V.A. devoted his works to the study of time budgets and clarification of the role and place of leisure in the structure of free time. Artemov, V.I. Bolgov, T.G. Kiseleva, Yu.D. Krasilnikov, V.D. Patrushev, E.V. Sokolov.

Various aspects of youth issues are fairly thoroughly covered in the scientific literature. In his monographs and scientific articles, I.V. Bestuzhev-Lada, V.Yu. Vishnevsky, L.V. Genin V.A. consider youth as a special socio-demographic group, analyze their problems in the conditions of a transforming society.

The study of youth leisure is very multifaceted and implies the study of various processes and phenomena in the life of young people, namely socialization, education of youth, professional development, lifestyle, value orientations, etc.

Due to the fact that the sphere of leisure activities of young people is sensitive to all changes occurring in society, there is a need to study this social phenomenon, and this requires, first of all, a sociological understanding of the processes occurring in the sphere of leisure activities of young people based on a reliable empirical basis.

Object of study- the youth of modern Russia as a special sociocultural group.

Subject of research the main signs and features of modern forms of leisure as a specific sphere of life of modern Russian youth appear.

Purpose of the course work. Determining the role of youth leisure in the formation of a socially active personality, as well as identifying the interests of modern youth.

Coursework objectives:

Determine how young people spend their leisure time;

Study the structure and functions of the leisure sphere of life;

Does the state need to influence leisure;

Identify forms of leisure for young people;

Enrich specialists with the information necessary for professional activities; conduct a sociological study on this topic to answer the questions posed.

Practical significance of the study. The results of the study are of interest to local governments and government services. social protection population, they can be taken into account when developing targeted youth programs, as well as when planning and organizing social work with youth.

The structure of the course work. The work consists of two parts.
The main part where I consider the question of whether youth’s leisure plays a role in the formation of a socially active personality. The practical part, in which we will conduct research on these issues. The main research methods were questionnaires and interviews. The object of the study was the youth of Samara.

Chapter 1. Theoretical and methodological aspects of sociological analysis of youth leisure

1.1. Leisure as a form of realizing freedom of choice for young people

Youth is a period of trial and error, a period of choice. Each of us has the right to choose from the whole variety of moral, political, aesthetic and other values. This diversity is enormous: the multitude of spiritual cultures “from Marx to Buddha” accumulated by humanity gives everyone an almost unlimited opportunity to choose spiritual values ​​that correspond to tastes, abilities, and living conditions. However, the objective conditions of existence have already placed us in a certain way in a limited range of possibilities, determined by genetic, socio-political, national, economic, and similar factors. Today's times in Russia make such a choice quite difficult. On the one hand, several generations of Russians, due to understandable historical reasons, are cut off from the origins of their culture. On the other hand, beautifully packaged surrogates of other cultures, products of mass culture, diverse and often contradictory political, ideological and religious ideas and myths are actively imposed on young people.
Freedom to choose your life path is relative. It is limited by the achieved level of social development.

The problem is whether the young man is ready to deal with the immeasurably increased variety of choice of products of material and spiritual production. He has to choose among moving values ​​and goals, the number of which is steadily increasing. Thus, the search for oneself, one’s individuality and social status is complicated by the abundance and complexity of choice.

To make a statement, society must be surprised, amazed, horrified. This is what the clothes, manners, jargon, and specific hobbies of young people are designed for.

On an individual psychological level, young people are not always characterized by a conscious desire to free themselves from external control, increased emotionality, excitability, idealization of certain life ideas, maximalism, as well as instability of moral positions, often based on the perception of negative social phenomena.
However, a person can preserve his uniqueness, remain himself even in the most difficult conditions, only by preserving his personality.
The richer the world and the more complex life options, the more pressing the problem of choosing one’s own life position.

The period of apprenticeship, studenthood, in which most young people find themselves, is the time when, on the one hand, the controlling and regulating function of the family weakens, and on the other hand, there are still no professional responsibilities and the burden of caring for one’s family. Thus, youth leisure is a unique form of realizing such freedom and a field for self-realization.

Leisure is the simplest and most accessible platform for specific tasks. In it you can show your own independence - the ability to make decisions and lead, organize.

Leisure is not only communication, but also a kind of social game. The lack of skills in such games in youth leads to the fact that a person considers himself free from obligations even in adulthood.
The concept of “leisure” as an independent or organized form of recreation in free time from study does not have a clear definition. The famous French sociologist J. Dumazedieu, defining “leisure”, speaks of it as “a certain activity that an individual carries out of his own free will - rest, entertainment, self-improvement of knowledge, improvement of his qualifications, participation in public life - after he has completed their professional and social responsibilities." Often young people do not know what to do with this time. What is the reason? There are several of them, and the main thing is the inability and unwillingness to independently organize one’s life so that leisure, like study time, will be a source of life experience for her in the future. The inability to organize it leads to the fact that “this time” is organized by the environment, and then the young man is subject to its influence, including negative ones.

Introduction

culture leisure youth society

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the formation of a leisure culture for young people is one of the pressing problems of modern society, since the use of free time by young people is a unique indicator of their culture, the range of spiritual needs and interests of a particular young person or social group. Leisure centers play a major role in organizing leisure time for young people. The main task of centers as social institutions is to develop social activity and creative potential of the individual. Organizations various forms leisure and recreation, creating conditions for complete self-realization in the field of leisure.

The greatest value is a person’s acquisition of space for self-realization, the social field of which is free time, leisure time. However, free time in itself is only a condition for personal development. In order for it to become an effective accelerator of social progress, it is necessary to form among all members of society an appropriate level of culture of its use that meets the tasks of both modern and future civilization.

It must be noted that the transition to a market has further complicated social tension in society, especially among young people. On the one hand, there is a rapid process of social and material differentiation of young people, which is accompanied by the emergence of more young millionaires from among entrepreneurs and brokers and an increase in the number of poor and unemployed young people. On the other hand, there is a process of formation of more and more new youth subcultures, reflecting the social status of various social groups of youth, which is accompanied by a complication of their leisure interests and needs.

Currently, the orientation of young people towards passive activities, the acquisition of a pronounced form of consumer character by leisure, which is adjacent to manifestations of deviation, and sometimes delinquency, are causing concern. Many people do not know how to occupy themselves: old traditions have disappeared, new ones have not appeared, a dangerous “leisure vacuum” has formed, which, according to world experience, can only be filled by slot machines and other attractions (preferably in a “luna park” complex) plus hobby clubs.

Today, in the minds of most young people, culture is a way of spending leisure time. Namely: discos, concerts of “stars” who are not of a high professional level, etc. Consumption of a surrogate instead of a real cultural “product” leads to the rejection of genuine art. Moreover, familiarization with the best examples of domestic and world culture is mental labor and self-improvement. You need to get used to it from childhood, and the role of clubs in this direction can hardly be overestimated. Therefore, the problem of preserving and developing leisure institutions - state, departmental, etc., and attracting young people to classes in them is more relevant today than ever.

Conducting a study of youth preferences n. in the village of Zarechensk, regarding the organization of their leisure time, is caused by a decrease in attendance of this category of citizens of the rural house of culture “Cosmos”. The reason for this is that currently a large share of the leisure time of modern young people in the settlement is occupied by watching television shows, videos, and computer games.

Thus, the main task of the cultural center should be the maximum implementation of leisure programs for young people. It is necessary to base the activities on the structure and nature of the needs of young people, and try to incorporate into practice new, non-traditional forms of entertainment, education, communication and creativity of young people.

The research problem arises from the contradiction between the needs of young people regarding forms of leisure activities and the opportunities provided by rural club institutions.

Purpose of the study: to study the leisure culture of young people and propose a project for the activities of a youth club based on materials from the club institution SDK “Cosmos” in the village of Zarechensk.

Research objectives:

1.Consider youth culture as a phenomenon of subculture.

2.Reveal the features of youth culture.

.Study the leisure culture of young people.

.Consider the activities of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos".

.To study the preferences of cultural leisure of the population. p. Zarechensk.

.Develop a project for the activities of the youth club “Next”.

The object of the study is the formation of a leisure culture for young people.

The subject is a youth club activity project.

Degree of scientific development of the problem

The theoretical basis of the study was the scientific works of famous scientists in the field of leisure culture such as: L.I. Mikhailova, Zh.T. Toshchenko, L.A. Akimova, S.N. Ikonnikova and others, as well as scientific articles and developments published in periodicals, including: “Pedagogy”, “Education and Society”, “Humanities” and others. Research in the field of youth leisure culture are considered in the works of L. I. Mikhailova, Z. V. Sikevich, S. I. Levikova, V. N. Kuznetsova, V. Ya. Surtaev and others.

The research of these authors is of great importance for improving the theory and methodology of cultural and leisure activities for young people. Thus, the literature concerning the problem of youth leisure research was studied and developed. However, despite all the wealth of theoretical materials containing an analysis of the leisure culture of youth, the specifics of the work of village club institutions with youth have not been sufficiently studied.

Research hypothesis: formation of a culture of youth leisure n. The village of Zarechensk can be effective if a youth club project is developed, which involves the implementation of programs of a civic-patriotic, environmental and local history orientation.

Research methods:

Method of socio-cultural design.

Method of analysis and synthesis.

Questionnaire method to identify basic leisure preferences.

Practical significance of the study:

A study of the preferences of young people in the field of cultural and leisure activities will allow the club institution KFOR "Cosmos" to correctly prioritize the demand for cultural services.

The research results can become the basis for the development of new cultural services and the activation of cultural leisure; in addition, the obtained data on consumer preferences can help attract an additional segment of consumers, namely youth.

Research base: club institution KFOR "Cosmos".

The structure of the work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and applications.

1. Theoretical and methodological foundations for studying youth leisure culture

.1 Youth culture as a subculture phenomenon

Culture is a space of education, which, through its inherent methods, contributes to the formation of not only an aesthetic, but also a political and legal ideal. Through a screen, a book, a stage, a stage, the halls of museums, a person understands the creative activity of a people, their culture, their future. However, violation of the measure in the presentation of this material seriously distorts the work of cultural institutions, undermines faith and devalues ​​the values ​​of the humanistic way of life.

A subculture is a part of the general culture of a nation, in some aspects it is noted or opposed to the whole, but in its main features it is consistent with and continues the culture of the nation, which is called the dominant culture. A subculture differs from the dominant culture in language, outlook on life, behavior, hairstyle, clothing, and customs. The differences may be very strong, but the subculture is not opposed to the dominant culture. It includes a number of values ​​of the dominant culture and adds to them new values ​​characteristic only of it.

If we talk specifically about the culture of youth, then it is customary to speak, rather, about a youth subculture, thereby emphasizing in youth a certain stage of development of a person who has not yet reached the highest examples of world culture, but is trying, either openly or covertly, to introduce something into his environment its own, not always culturally appropriate. Over time, this passes, like youth itself, but every generation necessarily goes through this stage of subculture. This does not mean that young people do not have high cultural models of the classical type. As a rule, a reassessment of values ​​occurs in adolescence. And behind this phrase is precisely the fact that the young man begins to measure his existing patterns of behavior, activity, thinking, feeling, etc. with “adults”, or accepted in world culture.

The concept of “youth culture” is used in a broad sense as a collective term to refer to the phenomena of “youth subculture” and “youth counterculture”. In a narrow sense - a partial, relatively coherent cultural subsystem within the basic culture of society, cultivating the youth system of values, norms and forms of behavior, attitudes towards fashion, etc.

On the one hand, youth culture is a mirror of the culture of society with its inherent values, worldview, and sociocultural attitudes; on the other hand, it is always a greater or lesser negation of generally accepted positions, if only due to generational characteristics, and in this sense, elements of counterculture are naturally present in the content culture of the generation as a whole.

Sociologists usually emphasize that the position of young people and their role in society, functions and activities, as well as needs, value orientations, worldviews, and interests are largely determined by the nature of the socio-political system, social relations, and traditions. At the same time, youth are a significant part of the population that is in the process of socialization, that is, included in the process of assimilation of a certain system of knowledge, skills, abilities that allow young people to function as full members of a particular society. The complexity of her intermediate position is well known: “no longer children, but not yet adults,” a peculiar and contradictory combination of material and psychological dependence on the adult world and, at the same time, liberation from many of life’s burdens and responsibilities. Life confronts a young man with the need to make a number of critical decisions in conditions of scarcity personal experience. The choice of a profession, a life partner, friends is far from a complete list of problems, one or another solution of which largely shapes the way of subsequent life.

All this imposes certain difficulties in the study of youth as an object of leisure space. S.N. Ikonnikova notes that “despite the fact that the social category of youth includes young people from 16 to 30 years old, it is important to distinguish within this period separate stages corresponding to early, middle, and late youth. It is clear that the age of 16-19 years is different from 25-29 years old in physical, mental and social terms. Different interests and needs, levels of education and achievements make them different and even hardly comparable.”

The main socio-demographic events in a person’s life cycle occur during adolescence: completion of general education, choice of profession and obtaining vocational education, beginning of work, marriage, birth of children. Over a relatively short period of life, representatives of this age group experience changes in their socio-demographic status several times. Boys and girls under 18 years of age are mainly students of secondary general education and vocational educational institutions. They, as a rule, are dependent on their parents, continue or complete their general or special education and do not have full civil rights (voting, marriage).

Youth 18-24 years old unites young workers, students and young people who are mainly completing or have completed vocational training. Some of them have already separated from their parents and live on their own income. This age is the age of active marriage, the formation of young families, and the birth of children.

Young people aged 25-29 are people who, as a rule, have already made their professional choice, have certain qualifications, and some life and professional experience.

In modern conditions of extreme mobility of all social processes in Russian society, youth culture should be considered in several planes, equally determining the level and direction of cultural self-realization, which we understand as the content side of a young person’s cultural activity, embodied in substantive actions motives, needs, skills of a cultural nature. The main factors determining the state of youth culture include the following.

Society. The systemic crisis, which affected the social structure of society with the beginning of perestroika and worsened due to the collapse of the USSR and the transition to a market economy, naturally led to a change in social guidelines and a revaluation of traditional values. Competition at the level of mass consciousness of Soviet, national and so-called “Western” values ​​could not but lead to a state of social anomie and frustration of the population, which directly influenced the value world of young people, which was extremely contradictory and chaotic. Finding one's way in new socio-economic conditions, focusing on accelerated status advancement and at the same time progressive social inadaptability - all this determined the specific nature of the young man's cultural self-realization.

Modern Russian culture, both at the institutional and subjective-activity levels, is today in a state of crisis, as is society itself. On the one hand, the importance of the cultural development of the population for the successful implementation of social projects and overcoming the crisis is not fully recognized by government authorities, on the other hand, the commercialization of the cultural process, an increasingly noticeable departure from the norms and values ​​of “high” culture to average examples of aggressive mass culture , most clearly manifested in the electronic media, also cannot but affect the system of attitudes, orientation and cultural ideals of a young person.

Levels of humanitarian socialization. Attempts to implement a comprehensive program of humanitarian socialization on a state scale were unsuccessful. Today, there is practically no unified system of humanitarian education, and private initiatives in this area, carried out in experimental or non-state educational institutions, cover only a small group of young people in large Russian cities. In most schools, humanitarian socialization is limited to a standard set of humanitarian disciplines and the so-called “extracurricular work,” which not so much introduces young people to cultural values ​​as turns them away from them in favor of recreational and entertaining self-realization. Often, humanitarian socialization is of a commercial nature (the so-called “elite education”), and the nature of humanitarian socialization is increasingly determined by the level of income of the parents of the student or the youngest person.

Age characteristics of youth. Adolescence (15-18 years), and to some extent the entire period of growing up, is characterized by traits of impetuosity, instability of desires, intolerance, insolence, aggravated by experiences of ambivalence of social status (no longer a child, not yet an adult). It is this specificity that brings young men into peer groups of homogeneous age and social affiliation, which satisfy typical youth needs in behavioral style, fashion, leisure, and interpersonal communication. 4Peer groups perform a socio-psychological therapeutic function - overcoming social alienation. Naturally, such groups develop their own cultural norms and attitudes, determined, first of all, by the emotional and sensory perception of reality and youthful nonconformism.

Features of the generation. It is in this plane that we are talking about a youth subculture, which has not so much age-related, but rather generational characteristics. In this phenomenon, characteristically youthful forms of consciousness and behavior are most clearly manifested.5

Speaking about the youth subculture in Russia, it is necessary to take into account the presence of significant regional and national differences. In addition, since the 90s, the value and property stratification of young people has worsened. So, in particular, it is hardly correct to speak in a socio-psychological sense, for example, about “St. Petersburg youth” as a single group of the population. Of course, both the behavior and values ​​of, for example, a young businessman, on the one hand, and a young unemployed man, on the other, cannot help but differ from each other. Nevertheless, there is a certain subcultural “core” that is inherent to one degree or another in the entire young generation of Russia.

1.2 Features of youth culture

Youth culture differs from the official culture and many other subcultures in knowledge, goals and values, judgments and assessments, morals and tastes, jargon and behavior. Young people as a social community are quite homogeneous, have similar positions and moods, common symbols, tastes, and values, which, as a rule, manifest themselves in the sphere of leisure and do not affect labor and family relations. This is a kind of cultural autonomy that shapes the inner world of the individual.

What features characterize the youth subculture as a whole? Scientists characterize one of these features as alienation from the older generation, its cultural values, ideals, and models. It did not arise today and looks like a lack of meaning in life. Against this background, it is increasingly obvious that the youth subculture is turning into a counterculture with its own ideals, fashion, language and art. In the mass consciousness, the perception of the youth subculture is often negative, although the majority of young people are not metalheads, extremists, racketeers, etc.

Features of youth culture can be seen from materials and various leisure studies. Leisure is increasingly becoming the main sphere of life for young people. True life for her begins at the threshold of a school, technical school, or university. Young people go into leisure as if into a protective shell, where they are truly free. The main elements of leisure are: rest, active physical activity, entertainment, self-education, creativity, contemplation, reflection, celebration. For young people, the leading ones are communication, entertainment and self-education. The communicative, aesthetic, emotional, cognitive, and entertainment functions of culture and leisure are most fully realized.

An important feature of youth culture is the predominance of consumption over creativity. The role of consumption in the development of personal culture is significant, but truly becoming familiar with cultural values ​​occurs only through active, independent activity. The results of the study show that the consumption of cultural values ​​by young people is in second place among leisure activities, and creative activity is only in tenth place, even for students.

One of the characteristic distinctive features of youth culture in modern stage is its increased isolation, detachment from official culture and traditional cultural values. In it, consumption increasingly prevails over creativity, passive forms of consumption over active ones, while genuine familiarization with cultural values ​​occurs only in the process of active, independent cultural or creative activity. In these new conditions, such personality characteristics as individualism, egocentrism, and the desire to obtain the maximum of life's benefits and pleasures began to develop in an exaggerated manner. Lost interest in socially useful activities. It is also necessary to take into account that young people have a fairly high conflict potential, which may or may not be realized depending on certain circumstances and influences.

Youth culture and culture for youth are not identical concepts; they include different, sometimes opposite, contents. Youth culture is a multidimensional phenomenon, a system of values ​​that represent a powerful and heterogeneous flow from within the youth part of society. Culture for youth is a product of civilization, a list of services, offers from the state and society to the younger generations. It is not by chance that a young person finds himself in one or another sociocultural environment, in one or another cultural situation. This is due to both his social position and personal characteristics. The period of young people's lives during which they are members of subcultures begins at school and continues, as a rule, until they start a family. This is a period of strong emotions, the choice of the meaning of life, and the instability of the initial stage of work activity. During this period, there is a search for a comfortable living environment, a selection of cultural models, the formation of behavior patterns, and a search for like-minded people. Youth culture is a subculture or a culture within a culture, a cultural subsystem within the “official” culture, the basic culture of society, one of the means of social adaptation. Youth cultures always contain both procultural and countercultural elements, just as youth culture partially absorbs both general cultural values ​​and components of subcultures and countercultures.

In this regard, the main task of state bodies of cultural upbringing, enlightenment, and education is to counter the development of negative phenomena in youth culture, stimulate the development of its positive elements and familiarize young people with traditional national and world cultural values. Programs for the development of youth culture must take into account that in a developed society the emergence of alternative forms of culture is inevitable; it is generated by the very fact of social relations. The culture of any society, and a democratic one in particular, must absorb, assimilate, and rethink these branches. Attempts to ignore, prohibit or destroy them give rise to the ugliest and most aggressive forms of subcultures. In general, alternative forms of culture lead to the enrichment and rejuvenation of national culture, absorbing and mastering new, progressive forms and phenomena, including those offered by the youth subculture.

The process of delegation of positive elements into the normative national culture by youth culture has nothing to do with the flirting of a certain part of cultural and artistic workers with the younger generation by introducing elements of anticulture and pseudoculture into their work. Vicious and destroying the youth audience is the thesis about the intellectual and spiritual inaccessibility of high culture for the overwhelming number of teenagers and young people, which justifies the base, vulgar, corrupting crafts of mass culture.

The process of cultural learning, like any other education, involves a progression from the elementary, simple to more and more meaningful and complex. This is confirmed by the fact that the overwhelming majority of outstanding figures of modern Russian culture, art, politics, and economics achieved success by making their way up the steps of culture from abandoned villages and working-class outskirts.

Informal youth associations give teenagers and young people something that existing cultural and leisure institutions often cannot offer them - the opportunity for self-realization, creative (in a broad sense) self-expression, and self-development. State and, especially, commercial cultural and leisure institutions are mostly focused on passive consumption of, at best, cultural, and at worst, anti-cultural, pseudo-cultural, mass cultural, which does not take into account the individual characteristics and individual needs of an individual. Informal youth culture, which draws its directions, forms, and genres from below, is closer to the demands, interests, needs of adolescents and youth, and the specifics of various social groups than the modern official “culture for youth,” with its largely destroyed infrastructure, outdated methods, lack of ideology for the development of national culture in general and youth culture in particular. Hence the mutual isolation, misunderstanding, rejection, and reduction of opportunities for state regulation of processes in the field of youth culture. “Youth culture” and “culture for youth” exist and develop unacceptably separately, in parallel, touching and intersecting spontaneously and not always with a positive result.

1.3 Youth leisure culture

Leisure culture is characterized, first of all, by those activities that a person prefers during leisure hours.

Leisure culture is associated with all the attributes of free time: content, structure and quality. If the amount of free time is determined by a whole complex of socio-economic factors (the level of development of productive forces, the level of development of the non-productive sphere of life of society, etc.), then the structure and content of free time is determined by many subjective factors, among which the individual choice of material support for social, personal and family leisure.

Free time is objectively existing time, within which various types of activities intersect; Leisure is a period of time subjectively assessed by a person as belonging to him and filled with purposeful useful activity.

Free time is an integral and significant part life of young people. A person spends his free time on education, social work, the media, visiting cultural institutions and shows, reading, communicating, playing sports, passive recreation, etc.

Free time for any person is the time that he devotes to himself, expresses himself most fully. Leisure forms of activity not only contribute to the assimilation of norms of social behavior, but also form and consolidate them in these forms. In this regard, it is valuable not only for the person himself, but also for society as a whole.

The sphere of leisure and recreation is the most important sphere of everyday life, and, moreover, over the years of economic changes in the country, it has undergone, in a sense, a kind of “revolution of preferences.” This is expressed not only in the fact that the possibilities for filling their leisure time are significantly expanding for the majority of the country’s population, but, in particular, in the fact that qualitative typological shifts are taking place in relation to their free time, its value as such. Young people, as the most dynamically responsive group to everything that is not considered traditional, are most active in exploring new opportunities and forms of spending free time (fortunately, this demographic group has it to the greatest extent compared to the working population). Everyday communication, wide social contacts, leisure preferences that shape the type social life various groups of modern youth are the most important characteristics of the lifestyle they choose, one of the main criteria for a young person’s self-identification with a certain group or environment.

Formation of a leisure culture as a factor in personality development. Firstly, it is leisure that serves as the sphere of the most free self-display and self-expression of the individual as one of the main conditions for personal development. Secondly, social practices of leisure activity represent a space for the implementation of a significant sphere of sociocultural needs of young people; thirdly, it is in the sphere of leisure that the foundations of a youth subculture are born and formed.

These circumstances, taking into account the fact that the transformation of the totality public relations led to a change in both the place of leisure in the life of the youth community and a radical change in the sociocultural situation in the field of leisure.

The role of leisure as a factor in the formation of a special youth subculture is increasing due to the decreasing role of traditional institutions of socialization. The process of formation of subcultures, due to both the differentiation and autonomization of social institutions and the involvement of individuals in various social practices, shows that joint activities are perceived by members of these groups, first of all, as leisure activities.

Adequate organization of the spheres of leisure and education makes it possible not only to influence the formation of the culture of professional specialists through a more complete inclusion of leisure practices, but also to create conditions for the optimal disclosure of personal potential, which, of course, contributes to the formation of the subjective component of the modern personality.

As a unique function, the function of regulating the sphere of youth leisure activities should be included in the management of youth’s free time. The predominance of external regulation means that a person is guided in his activities by social values, which acquire an instrumental character, and the content of cultural and leisure activities becomes not the result of free choice, the realization of a person’s interests and needs, but an activity undertaken under the pressure of external circumstances. The most important characteristics of self-regulation are voluntariness, freedom to change occupations, focus on the process of cultural and leisure activities and their results as an intrinsic value.

Managing free time is predominantly self-regulation, no aspect of which is inseparable from the problem of education.

The conditions and institutional forms in which the socio-pedagogical regulation of leisure time unfolds are the main objects of leisure. In this case, the main goal of regulatory influence in the cultural and leisure sphere is to create optimal conditions for the self-development of the individual, for the formation of his value orientations, diagnosis and realization of his socio-cultural potential.

One of the important objects of regulatory influence in the cultural and leisure sphere of youth activities is the balance of their interests and needs. The balance of interests in relation to professional, family, household and leisure activities in a certain way streamlines the individual’s attitude to the main goals of life and the means of achieving them, serves as the internal core of the value-orientation system of the individual and in this capacity serves as the leading characteristic of his general life position.

The balance of cultural and leisure interests and needs (passive-contemplative and creative-constructive) will certainly contribute to the psychological comfort of the individual and his self-realization in socio-cultural activities.

Consideration of young people as an object of cultural and leisure influence is most productive from the position of their value-orientation attitude to leisure.

With this approach, V.Ya. Surtaev identifies the following main typological groups:

an active type, characterized by a selective attitude of the individual to various forms of leisure and having a clearly defined range of leisure interests, which, as a rule, are aimed at creating spiritual values ​​and transforming personal qualities; this type of attitude of young people towards leisure, under certain established social and pedagogical conditions, often becomes an active subject of cultural and leisure activities;

young people who focus primarily on leisure as time to continue working (studying); she often transfers her production, educational, and scientific activities to the sphere of non-working time, crowding out all other types of activities; this group of young people, as a rule, has no other leisure interests and hobbies other than work, limiting themselves in communication;

young people focusing on passive consumer forms of leisure (excessive television viewing, attending sports and entertainment events mainly as a spectator, visiting cafes and restaurants) to the detriment of spiritual communication and participation in socially significant types of cultural and leisure activities;

young people who do not have developed skills for rational planning of their leisure time and are characterized by a spontaneously chaotic orientation of leisure time and the structure of cultural and leisure activities.

Characterizing the essence of the subject of cultural and educational work, it should be noted that the subject of cultural and leisure work is a person or group of persons (collective subject of education) who carry out the educational process in cultural and leisure institutions. A characteristic feature of a subject of cultural and leisure activities is the presence of a conscious educational goal. Since the essence of cultural and leisure work is the initiative and initiative of the masses, its subject is, first of all, the masses themselves included in this activity.

In fact, among the diversity of subjects of cultural and leisure activities, young people are more influenced by their peers and friends who are passionate about specific types of leisure activities.

Thus, the uniqueness of the cultural and leisure environment of young people is that it is largely formed by the youth themselves. In other words, young people are the creator and the main subject of the formation of a cultural and leisure environment that contributes to the formation of their material and spiritual value orientations.

One of the important objects of regulatory influence in the sphere of leisure on the formation of value orientations of young people is the balance of the focus of their interests and needs, motives for specific cultural and leisure objects, for cultural and leisure activities. The balance of cultural and leisure interests and needs contributes to the psychological comfort of the individual and his self-realization in the sociocultural space.

Thus, free time is an integral and significant part of the life of young people. A person spends his free time on education, social work, the media, visiting cultural institutions and shows, reading, communicating, playing sports, passive recreation, etc.

Leisure is perceived by most young people as the main sphere of life, and overall satisfaction with life depends on satisfaction with it. The leisure characteristics of the youth subculture, common in various social and age cohorts, are distinguished by a general content orientation and varying degrees of its intensity.

Among the main features we can highlight: predominantly entertainment and recreational orientation of leisure ( favorite hobby high school students - “doing nothing”), “Westernization” (Americanization of cultural needs and interests), priority of consumer orientations over creative ones, weak individualization and selectivity of culture, extra-institutional cultural self-realization (outside cultural institutions), lack of ethnocultural self-identification (outside national culture, traditions, customs , folklore).

Let's take a closer look at these features.

Mainly entertainment and recreational orientation. Along with communicative (communication with friends), leisure performs mainly a recreational function (about one third of high school students note that their favorite leisure activity is “doing nothing”), while cognitive, creative and heuristic functions are not implemented at all or are not implemented sufficiently. Recreational leisure orientations are reinforced by the main content of television and radio broadcasting, disseminating the values ​​of predominantly mass culture.

. “Westernization” (Americanization) of cultural needs and interests. The values ​​of national culture, both classical and folk, are being replaced by schematized stereotypes-samples of mass culture, aimed at introducing the values ​​of the “American way of life” in its primitive and simplified reproduction.

According to surveys, heroines of so-called “soap operas” (for girls) and video thrillers like Rambo (for boys) are becoming favorite heroes and, to a certain extent, role models. However, the Westernization of cultural interests also has a wider scope of application: artistic images are extrapolated to the level of group and individual behavior of young people and are manifested in such features of social behavior as pragmatism, cruelty, and the desire for material well-being to the detriment of professional self-realization.

Priority of consumer orientations over creative ones. Consumerism manifests itself in both sociocultural and heuristic aspects. According to surveys of students at St. Petersburg universities (1989-1991), consumption within the framework of artistic culture noticeably exceeds creative attitudes in sociocultural activities. This tendency is even more present in the cultural self-realization of student youth, which is indirectly determined by the very flow of prevailing cultural information (the values ​​of mass culture), which contributes to background perception and superficial consolidation in consciousness. Creative self-realization, as a rule, appears in marginal forms.

Weak individualization and selectivity of culture. The choice of certain cultural values ​​is most often associated with group stereotypes of a rather rigid nature (those who do not agree with them easily fall into the category of “outcasts”), as well as with a prestigious hierarchy of values ​​in an informal communication group (reference group).

Group stereotypes and a prestigious hierarchy of values ​​are determined by gender, level of education, to a certain extent, place of residence and nationality of the recipient, but in any case, their essence is the same: cultural conformity within informal group communication and rejection of other values ​​and stereotypes, from softer among students to more aggressive among high school students. The extreme direction of this trend in the youth subculture are the so-called “teams” with strict regulation of the roles and statuses of their members, which are characterized by deviant behavior and a criminogenic style of communication.

Extra-institutional cultural self-realization. Research data show that leisure self-realization of young people is carried out outside cultural institutions and is relatively significantly determined by the influence of television alone, the most influential institutional source of not only aesthetic, but also generally socializing influence. However, most of the youth and teenage TV programs are of an extremely low artistic level and do not destroy, but rather, on the contrary, reinforce those stereotypes and the hierarchy of values ​​that have already been formed at the level of the reference group - the most effective cultural communicator.

Lack of ethnocultural self-identification. This trend, which is highly characteristic primarily of Russian youth, is due not only to the Westernization of mass youth consciousness, but also to the nature of humanitarian socialization in its institutional forms. The internalization of norms and values, which takes place precisely during this age period, is based either on the traditional Soviet or Western model of education, in any case, non-national, while the interiorization of ethnocultural content is practically absent. Folk culture (traditions, customs, folklore, etc.) is perceived by most young people as an anachronism. Meanwhile, it is ethnic culture that is the cementing link of sociocultural transmission. Attempts to introduce ethnocultural content into the process of socialization in most cases are limited to familiarization with Orthodoxy, while folk traditions, of course, are not limited to religious values ​​alone. In addition, ethnocultural self-identification consists, first of all, in the formation of positive feelings in relation to the history, traditions of one’s people, i.e., what is commonly called “love of the Fatherland,” and not in acquaintance and familiarization with one, even the most mass, confessional.

The first chapter examined the theoretical and methodological foundations of studying youth leisure culture.

Youth culture and its features were studied. Youth culture differs from the official culture and many other subcultures in knowledge, goals and values, judgments and assessments, morals and tastes, jargon and behavior. One of the characteristic distinctive features of youth culture at the present stage is its increased isolation, detachment from official culture and traditional cultural values. In it, consumption increasingly prevails over creativity, passive forms of consumption over active ones, while genuine familiarization with cultural values ​​occurs only in the process of active, independent cultural or creative activity.

The features of youth leisure culture were also noted. There are main typological groups of youth: active-activity type, youth focusing primarily on leisure, youth focusing on passive-consumer forms of leisure, youth who do not have developed skills for rational planning of their leisure time and are characterized by a spontaneously chaotic orientation of leisure.

Youth culture is distinguished by such features as a predominantly entertainment and recreational orientation, “Westernization” of cultural needs and interests, the priority of consumer orientations over creative ones, weak individualization and selectivity of culture, extra-institutional cultural self-realization, and lack of ethnocultural self-identification.

The study and analysis of this literature contributed to the study of the leisure culture of young people. p. Zarechensk and identifying leisure preferences of this category of the population.

2. development of a project for the activities of the youth club “NEXT” based on materials from the club institution of the Rural House of Culture “Cosmos”

.1 Characteristics of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos"

The legal basis for regulating the activities of the club institution SDK "Cosmos" is the following regulatory legal acts:

-Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 44);

-Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Article 149);

-Law of the Russian Federation of October 9, 1992 No. 3612-I “Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on culture”;

-Federal Law of October 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ “On the general principles of organizing local self-government in the Russian Federation”;

Federal Law of January 6, 1999 No. 7-FZ “On Folk Art Crafts”;

Charter of a rural settlement (registered on May 22, 2006 No. RU515033032006001 in the main department of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation for the North-Western Federal District)

Regulations on the basics of economic activity and financing of cultural and art organizations. (Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 26, 1995 No. 609 (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 23, 2002 No. 919).

Federal target program “Culture of Russia”;

Federal target program " Social development villages until 2010";

State program “Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation”.

The rural settlement of Zarechensk is located 120 km from the city of Kandalaksha. The number of leisure facilities is 5 (auditorium, foyer, discos, school No. 11, kindergarten No. 41).

In the settlement (n.p.) Zarechensk there is a single club institution, the rural house of culture “Cosmos”. It is a cultural and educational center for residents of Zarechensk, where it is located. Institution address: 184004 Murmansk region, Kandalaksha district, n. Zarechensk village, Kumskaya street, house 2.

The club facility SDK "Cosmos" was built in 1958. The founder is the Administration of the municipal formation of the rural settlement of Zarechensk, Kandalaksha district.

Operates on the basis of the Regulations on the club institution, approved by the decision of the council of deputies of the municipal formation of the rural settlement of Zarechensk in the city of Kandalaksha with its jurisdictional territory No. 37 dated September 11, 2006. Not a legal entity. There is no collective agreement.

The total area of ​​the building of the SDK "Cosmos" club institution is 1015.4 sq.m.:

-number of rooms for group work - 2

-number of seats in the auditorium - 190

The equipment of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos" is presented in table 2.1. (Annex 1).

In 2008, with funds allocated from the district budget, the following were purchased:

Computer - 1 pc.

-theater chairs - 100 pcs.

video projector - 1 pc.

synthesizer - 1 pc.

sports trainer - 1 piece.

office furniture for the director's office

water heater - 1 pc.

These acquisitions do not meet the needs of the institution. The computer equipment is 2 units.

The main objectives of the club institution SDK "Cosmos" are:

-Organization of leisure time for children and youth

-Organization of leisure activities for adults

-Organization of leisure time for elderly and disabled people

-Organization of leisure time for families

-Development of amateur creativity

-Development of forms and methods of cultural and leisure activities

-Preservation and development of national and cultural traditions

The SDK club institution carries out cultural and educational work among the residents of the village. But, besides this, public events are held in the House of Culture: studies and meetings social asset, ceremonial meetings, amateur art shows, exhibitions. The House of Culture attracts residents from other settlements (including those who have their own clubs, but are within the influence of the House of Culture) to participate in amateur artistic performances, becomes the center of sports work carried out with the adult population of the economy, and professional theater actors perform there when they come on tour. teams.

The activities of the cultural center are full of a wide variety of cultural programs. In its work, the House of Culture tries to reach all age groups of the population.

Organization of meaningful leisure, development of creative abilities, patriotic education, promotion of a healthy lifestyle are the main areas of activity. The club institution SDK "Cosmos" is the organizer of holidays and competitions.

In 2008, the club institution SDK "Cosmos" took part in federal and regional municipal target programs:

-Regional target program “Children of the Kola Arctic”

-Regional target program “Family support in the Murmansk region”

-Regional target program "SOS"

-State program “Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation”

-In May 2008, events dedicated to Victory Day were held

-In December, events dedicated to the Day of Persons with Disabilities were held.

In 2008, 134 - 3691 people were held at the club institution KFOR "Cosmos". cultural and leisure events, of which for children under 14 years old - 47 - 586 people.

One of the main tasks in the work of the SDK Cosmos club institution was the organization of leisure time for children, adolescents and young people.

During the year, 9 amateur art groups carried out work at the SDK “Cosmos” club institution. The teams work in the following areas:

vocal

choreographic

theatrical

instrumental.

Theater groups are divided into adults and children (up to 14 years old), the number of participants is 10 and 6, respectively. According to the choreographic direction, the groups are also divided into adults (8 people), teenagers (6 people) and children (6 people). Teenagers (9 people) study in the instrumental group. Three groups have been formed in the vocal direction: adults (8 people), teenagers (6 people), children (5 people).

Amateur associations and interest clubs have also been created:

-Sports aerobics club (9 people, adults)

-Weightlifting club (10 people, adults).

Thus, 83 people (19 and 64, respectively) were involved in clubs and groups.

Comparative characteristics of the performance indicators of the club institution SDK "Cosmos" for 2007 - 2008. presented in table 2.2. (Appendix 2).

In total, during 2008, 64 people were engaged in groups, of which 17 were children under 14 years old. Compared to 2007, the number of teams has not changed. One children's choreographic group stopped working. With the acquisition of new equipment, an instrumental group began working, where children and teenagers learn to play musical instruments: drum set, synthesizer, piano, button accordion, guitar. The number of participants has changed due to the fact that the number of children, adolescents and young people has decreased. The groups take an active part in the preparation and conduct of theatrical performances, ritual holidays, amateur art concerts held at the club institution SDK "Cosmos" and, in agreement with the management, at school No. 11 and kindergarten No. 41. In festivals, shows and competitions during the reporting period did not take part.

At the end of November, it was planned to hold an anniversary program dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the construction of the KFOR “Cosmos” club institution, but due to the repair of the roof and electrical wiring, the program had to be canceled.

In 2008, two alumni meetings were held at the SDK Cosmos club institution: in May - “10 years later”, in June - “20 years later”.

To preserve traditional folk culture and revive Russian holidays and rituals, ritual holidays and celebrations were held in the club institution of the SDK "Cosmos". In January, the theatrical performance “A Christmas Tale” took place. In April, the ritual holiday “How Ivan Saved Spring” took place.

It has become popular among residents of Zarechensk to use the services of the club institution SDK "Cosmos" in organizing anniversary programs and weddings. In 2008, three weddings and two anniversary programs were held. The programs included elements of old rituals and modern skits, games, competitions and sweepstakes. The staff of the club institution SKD "Cosmos" consists of 6 people. It is headed by the director of the club institution, who is authorized to make all final decisions regarding the activities of the cultural center. Directly subordinate to the director are: artistic director, cleaners (2 people), watchmen (2 people). The organizational structure of the enterprise is presented in Figure 2.1.

Rice. 2.1. Organizational structure of the club institution SDK "Cosmos"

Organizational structure The firm can be described as linear. The linear management system is that all functional divisions of the enterprise report directly to one manager. As of 2008, the personnel composition of the club institution KFOR “Cosmos” is as follows, table 2.3.

Table 2.3. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the staff of the club institution SDK "Cosmos"

YearTotalAgeEducationUp to 30 years old30 - 50 years oldOver 50 years oldHigherIncomplete/higherSecondary/special General20078251--3520086141-114

Thus, based on the above data, the following conclusions can be drawn:

) with a staff of 6 people (as of 2008), 1 person has incomplete higher education, 1 has specialized secondary education and 4 people have general education.

) the age of the employees of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos" is mainly 30 - 50 years.

The working hours of full-time managers are established in accordance with the requirements of the Labor Code. The working hours of creative team leaders include work on selecting members of the creative team and educational and educational work with participants; selection of repertoire; work on studying and collecting folklore; learning parts, learning musical and choreographic works, theatrical roles, rehearsal work; events for the release of performances (concerts; maintaining documentation of the creative team, attracting sponsorship funds for the development of the team; release of performances, concert programs, organization of exhibitions.

Behind creative success and public activities to popularize traditional folk culture, participants and leaders of artistic folk art groups can be presented with various types of encouragement, namely: a diploma, a badge of honor, the title of Honored Cultural Worker.

Funding for staff and creative activities (production costs, purchase of costumes, instruments, participation in competitions and festivals) is provided for in the budget of a cultural institution. Funds earned from the sale of tickets at paid events of the group, sponsorship funds and donations, and other income from business activities are taken into account in accordance with Article 161 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation. The institution has the right to make additional payments to full-time employees, as well as to persons involved in production activities under civil contracts, subject to the conditions for drawing up estimates in accordance with the requirements of the specified article of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation.

Based on the nature, volume and specific conditions of work and subject to the availability of funds, additional positions of specialists, workers, and junior service personnel may be introduced into the staff of a club-type cultural institution with the permission of the founder in accordance with the established job responsibilities and the size of the official salary (tariff rate).

The head of a club-type cultural institution independently distributes the number and type of specialists required, based on the nature and volume of work within the institution’s payroll.

The remuneration system, in addition to official salary schemes, includes remuneration for work in special conditions and in conditions deviating from normal, as well as incentive payments:

-maintaining increased wages for cultural specialists working in rural areas;

-maintaining increased wages for cultural and art workers employed in unfavorable areas climatic conditions established by current legislation.

Reception of employees is carried out on the basis of the Labor Code.

Employees become familiar with the internal regulations when applying for a job.

The internal regulations consist of the following points:

1.The procedure for hiring and dismissal.

2.Basic rights and responsibilities of an employee.

.Rights and obligations of the employer.

.Working time and its research.

.Penalty for violation of labor discipline.

As of 2008, no employee certifications were carried out. Did not take advanced training courses. The director is studying at the St. Petersburg Humanitarian University of Trade Unions, Murmansk branch at the faculty of SKD at correspondence department.

The club institution SDK "Cosmos" lacks specialists, namely: a choreographer, a vocal teacher, and a cultural organizer.

2.2 Study of the preferences of cultural leisure of the population of the village. Zarechensk

In order to identify preferences for cultural leisure of the population, a marketing study was conducted in the village of Zarechensk.

The first task of choosing methods for conducting marketing research, which is the initial stage of developing a marketing plan in the field of culture, is to become familiar with individual methods that can be used in collecting and analyzing marketing information. It should be noted that the most appropriate methods of marketing research for the field of culture are consumer survey methods, expert assessments and experimental methods. In this study, a written survey of the population in the form of a questionnaire was chosen as a method for collecting primary information.

The rural settlement of Zarechensk is home to 770 people. Including children - 66 people, teenagers - 25, youth - 33, elderly - 266. The gender and age structure is presented in Fig. 2.2 and 2.3 (Appendix 3).

As a result of the survey, 90 people were interviewed. The gender and age structure of the respondents is shown in Fig. 2.4 and 2.5.

Fig.2.4. Gender structure of respondents

Fig.2.5. Age structure

Thus, the majority of respondents are women (61%), the age of the majority of respondents was 30 - 59 years (34%).

Structure of the questionnaire (Appendix 4):

1.What cultural products do you consume most often? This question allows you to determine the rating of cultural products in general.

2.How often you visit cultural institutions allows you to determine the activity of the population in using cultural products.

3.With whom you most often visit cultural institutions - allows you to determine your reference group.

4.For what purpose you use the media and visit cultural institutions - allows you to determine the motivation of consumers of a cultural product.

5.Indicate the reasons why you do not/do not visit cultural institutions as often as you would like.

Consequently, the main task of marketing in the field of socio-cultural activities is to identify different types of people’s participation in cultural life by the degree of activity and tracking changes in these types among various social groups and society as a whole. The accumulated research experience shows a clear differentiation of the cultural demands and preferences of the population depending on a number of socio-demographic and geographical characteristics, which is directly related to the division of the audience and consumer behavior.

To the first question of the questionnaire (What cultural products do you consume most often?) the following results were obtained (Fig. 2.6):

Rice. 2.6. Most Popular Cultural Products

Thus, among residents, as can be seen from the diagrams, different cultural products are in different demand. The most popular are TV, radio, and going to the cinema.

The current reading situation is determined by a number of factors. These include, first of all, a decrease in the level of knowledge and general culture of the population. With the development of market processes in our country, the professional and qualification structure of the population is becoming more complex and changing, and the number of students and researchers who need reading to successfully fulfill their social role is sharply decreasing. As a result of the influence of the above reasons, now reading is gradually ceasing to be one of the most important means of acquiring spiritual values ​​and knowledge.

The intensity of reading is also contradictory and ambiguous. The decline in the growth rate of reading intensity is directly related to the widespread use of audiovisual media (radio, television, audio and video systems, computerization).

As for exhibition attendance, the picture is as follows. Only 3% of respondents attend exhibitions. This low figure is due to the lack of showrooms in rural areas.

The second question of the questionnaire allows us to identify differences in the frequency of visiting cultural institutions among residents of a large municipality and rural areas. (Fig. 2.7).

Fig.2.7. Frequency of visits to cultural institutions

As this chart shows, most residents visit cultural institutions once a month.

When answering the question “Who do you most often visit cultural institutions with?” The following data was obtained, Fig. 2.8.

Fig.2.8. Preferences when visiting cultural institutions

Thus, most residents prefer to visit cultural institutions with friends.

The goals pursued by consumers of cultural products when visiting cultural institutions (question 4 of the questionnaire) are presented below, Fig. 2.9.

Fig.2.9. Goals for consuming cultural products

So, the main goal is relaxation, as well as spending time with friends.

To the fifth question, “Indicate the reasons why you do not/do not visit cultural institutions as often as you would like,” the following answers were received, Fig. 2.10.

Rice. 2.10. Reasons why people rarely/don’t visit cultural institutions

Thus, most residents do not have enough free time to visit cultural institutions more often.

So, based on this study, we can conclude that the main consumers of socio-cultural services are young people (18 - 29 children) and adults (30 - 59 years old). The majority of respondents prefer to relax with friends. The frequency of visits to cultural institutions is approximately once a month. Weak involvement of people on well-deserved retirement, i.e. older age group, as well as children and teenagers in the network of events organized by cultural institutions suggests that when organizing events it is necessary to take into account the interests of residents of different age and social groups.

Thus, as strengths in the activities of the club institution SDK "Cosmos" the following can be noted:

-Professionalism of the staff: the team coped with the assigned tasks, despite the shortage of specialists in leisure activities.

-Extensive work experience.

-Availability of various programs and groups.

-Lack of competition in this settlement.

Weak sides:

-Weak material and technical base: the volumes of budgetary allocations for technical equipment lagged behind the real needs of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos"; Insufficient equipment with computers and other modern technology.

-The institution needs specially equipped premises for choreographic and vocal groups. The building requires major renovation.

-Lack of planned monitoring of public opinion and, as a consequence, lack of predictive conclusions about the modern demands and needs of the population in the socio-cultural sphere.

-Lack of personnel to operate the club institution KFOR "Cosmos".

-Insufficient funding.

Practice has shown that mass visits to cultural and leisure institutions have already exhausted themselves. People began to join together more in small groups to satisfy their needs for communication.

An innovation for the club institution SDK "Cosmos" could be a survey of visitors. Questioning the regular visitors of KFOR and those who never come here can also be considered a way to improve the activities of the club institution KFOR “Cosmos”. Because when there were no problems with funding, with attendance at events and amateur art classes, the questions “Do you go to KFOR “Cosmos”?, How often?, What clubs and events, in your opinion, are not enough in KFOR “Cosmos”?” were not particularly acute. But today reality forces us to work in a new way.

The club institution SDK "Cosmos" needs to quickly and adequately solve the problems dictated by life. Therefore, it is probably necessary to start with the creation of data banks - both about people and about leisure groups, to form a center of initiative, for example, of youth, because young people know better the tastes and interests of their peers, so they can better organize their leisure time, i.e. We need the initiative to come from young people, we need leaders. It is important to skillfully use the ability of young people for self-realization and self-organization and the bank of ideas. You can propose to involve young people: they can help in distributing advertising and tickets, setting up the stage, holding events and other important matters of the club institution KFOR “Cosmos”. They can themselves initiate many leisure programs.

It is necessary to improve the level of qualifications of employees. Of course, you learn a lot of new and useful things for your work from professional journals and from various methodological literature. But no publications can replace live communication with colleagues and direct impressions. It is necessary to travel more to other regions and exchange experiences.

You can also propose the introduction of paid services of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos":

-short-term rental of premises and halls;

-work of individual circles and teams;

-rental of stage costumes and props, sports equipment;

-compilation and development of custom scripts.

Increasing the range of cultural and leisure services offered for different categories of the population. Among these may be salon meetings: musical, literary, local history, theater, legal, etc., with an appropriate program).

The motive for holding a salon can be a meeting with interesting people, evenings of remembrance of famous poets, musicians, artists, writers with viewing or listening to their works performed by guests or participants of the salons.

Also, the study revealed the weak involvement of children and adolescents in the network of events of the club institution KFOR “Cosmos”. In order to attract this category of the population, it is necessary to find out the preferences regarding cultural and leisure activities that are most attractive to them.

In order to identify the most preferred types of cultural and leisure activities, a study was conducted among young people.

The target group aged 15 to 18 years was identified as respondents. The total number of residents surveyed was 30 people.

The survey was conducted in person at secondary school No. 11 n. p. Zarechensk.

Structure of the questionnaire (Appendix 5.):

1.Are you interested in organizing your leisure time?

2.How do you usually spend your free time?

.Would you like to spend your time differently?

.What would you suggest organizing for young people’s leisure time?

.Are you ready to visit your favorite club?

Your age

What's your gender.

The results of the study are presented in the form of diagrams. In Fig. 2.11 and 2.12. data on the gender and age structure of respondents is presented. (Appendix 6). Figure 2.13 presents the results of a survey of cultural and leisure preferences of young people. (Appendix 7). Thus, it becomes clear that young people are interested in organizing their leisure time; many were attracted by the opportunity to visit a youth club.

Thus, the creation of a youth club is proposed as a cultural and leisure event for young people.

.3 Project of activities of the youth club “NEXT”

The feasibility of developing the “Next” youth club project is due to the following.

Working with youth has its own specifics, its own forms and methods, and its own problems. We are talking about a very active category of the population, but not yet tempered by life experience, about career guidance for young people, about educating the younger generation in the spirit of high citizenship. About broadening the horizons of young people, their physical and spiritual improvement

The name of the youth club is “Next”.

Goals and objectives of the youth club - “Next”:

-Involving youth in the implementation of socially significant projects.

-Formation of young people's need for a healthy lifestyle.

-Forming among young people a love for their native land.

-Formation of an active life position.

-Formation of an active life position in matters of nature conservation.

-Establishing friendly connections between youth groups.

Any young person living or studying in the village can be a member of the youth club. Zarechensk Visiting the club is free.

The main activities of the youth club “Next”.

) Ecological direction

Main environmental activities:

-environmental education and awareness;

-participation in public events, events;

-propaganda and educational work;

-landscaping and landscaping of the areas adjacent to the SDK Kosmos club establishment and houses;

-carrying out practical measures to preserve the environment.

2) Patriotic direction

Main patriotic events:

-intensification of heroic-patriotic, pre-conscription work with young people;

-promotion of healthy lifestyles

-acquaintance with the heroic past of the Murmansk region and Russia;

-propaganda of the best human qualities possessed by the defenders of the Fatherland;

-involvement of young people in activities to perpetuate the memory of those who died for the Fatherland and further development of traditions of providing assistance to veterans and disabled people of wars and military conflicts.

) Local history direction

Main events in local history:

-studying the history of the native land;

-familiarization with the folk epic;

-propaganda of love for small homeland;

-organizing field trips around the Murmansk region to get acquainted with the culture and history of the native land.

The action plan is presented in table 3.1.

Table 3.1. Event plan

No. Name of events Performers Deadlines Section 1. “Patriotic education” This section improves the activities of the club in the formation of spiritual values ​​in the minds of young people, the education of patriotic feelings, a civil-patriotic worldview, as well as a caring attitude towards the native land. 1Orgy and carrying out activities aimed at educating patriots. (sports holidays, promotions, quizzes, competitions, ex., etc.) 2010-2012 2 Organization and conduct of seminars on issues of civic and patriotic education. 2010-2012 3 Conduct of the month of defense-mass work dedicated to Defender of the Fatherland Day .2010-2012 4 Conducting excursions to monuments, visiting the reserves of the Kola Peninsula 2010-2012 5 Conducting conversations on the history and culture of the native land 2010-2012 section 2. “Sports work” The main goals and objectives of this section are to promote a healthy lifestyle, attract young people to sports, prevent illness through sports, as well as improve health by organizing good rest. 1 Formation of a healthy lifestyle, cultivation of sports among young people. 2010 -2012 2 Carrying out cultural - mass and sports - recreational events at the place of residence (court festivals, competitions, concerts, sports competitions, etc.) 2010-2012 3 Organizing and conducting conversations on the prevention of a healthy lifestyle. 2010-2012 .3 section. “Information support” The purpose of this section is to cover the activities of the youth club through the media. 1 Issue of articles, notes through newspaper products. 2010-2012. 2 Issue of booklets, brochures, banners, posters. 2010-2012. 4 section. “Organization and conduct of cultural and leisure events” Formation of an optimal system of youth leisure, as well as the creation of conditions for the effective development of a system for organizing recreation for youth, intellectual and physical development, formation of moral stability, social activity. 1Organization and holding of the event “Valentine’s Day”. 2010-2012. February 14 annually2 Events dedicated to the Day of Defenders of the Fatherland. 2010-2012. Annually3 International Women's Day 2010-2012 March Annually4Organization and holding of events dedicated to the Day child protection.2010-2012. June 1 Annually 5 Days of Humor and Laughter. 2010-2012 April Annually6 Organization and holding of events dedicated to Russia Day. 2010-2012. June Annually7Organization and holding of events dedicated to International Day elderly people.2010-2012. October Annually8 Organization of events dedicated to Teacher's Day. 2010-2012. October Annually9 Organization and holding of events dedicated to Mother's Day. 2010-2012. 10 Organization and holding of New Year's youth events. 2010-2012. December

Expected social effect:

-The range of educational and leisure services provided by the club to the population of the village has been expanded. Zarechensk, which will increase the number of young people involved in organized forms of leisure, satisfy their interests and needs in communication, personal formation and development, life and professional self-determination;

-the club's students actively promote a healthy lifestyle, which will have a positive impact on the moral improvement of the social environment of the village;

-The tasks of educating citizenship and patriotism are being systematically implemented; business and social activity will increase among young people in the implementation of their own life plans and socially significant projects.

An approximate estimate of income and expenses is presented in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2. Estimate of income and expenses

No. Name of income item Amount, thousand rubles 1. Receipts from the local budget 2500002. Income from paid services provided by the club institution 200003. Income from paid services provided by the youth club "NEXT" 300004. Other income 50000 Total 350000 No. Name of expense item Amount, thousand rubles 1. Salary expenses 1,200,002. Utilities 300,003. Household expenses 500,004. Communication services 100,005. Transportation expenses 200,006. Purchase of equipment and inventory 1,000,007. Other expenses 20,000 Total 350,000

conclusions

In the second chapter, an analysis was carried out of the activities of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos" and a project for the youth club "Next" was developed based on materials from the club institution KFOR "Cosmos" n. Zarechensk

In the village of Zarechensk there is the only rural cultural center “Cosmos”. It is a cultural and educational center for residents of Zarechensk. KFOR carries out cultural and educational work among the residents of the village. But, in addition, public events are held in the House of Culture: studies and meetings of public activists, ceremonial meetings, amateur art shows, exhibitions. The activities of the cultural center are full of a wide variety of cultural programs. In its work, the House of Culture tries to reach all age groups of the population. Participates in regional and federal programs.

The Cosmos SKD staff consists of 6 people. SDK "Cosmos" lacks specialists, namely: a choreographer, a vocal teacher, and a cultural organizer. The institution needs specially equipped premises for choreographic and vocal groups. The building requires major renovation.

Based on the results of marketing research, we can draw conclusions about the low involvement of people on well-deserved retirement, i.e. older age group, as well as children and teenagers in the network of events organized by cultural institutions suggests that when organizing events it is necessary to take into account the interests of residents of different age and social groups.

Carrying out this analysis made it possible to draw conclusions regarding the work of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos", the strengths and weaknesses of the club institution were identified and on the basis of this it was proposed to develop a project for the activities of the youth club "Next" based on the materials of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos" n.p. Zarechensk

Club directions:

1) Environmental direction.

) Patriotic direction.

) Local history direction.

Financing of work on the creation and operation of a youth club must be comprehensive and include revenues from the local budget, funds received from visiting the club, private capital and revenues from interested individuals and organizations, income from paid services provided by the club institution.

Conclusion

Based on the analysis of literature in the field of youth leisure culture research, the following conclusions can be drawn.

Youth subculture is a partial, relatively coherent system within the general cultural system. Its occurrence is associated with the uncertainty of the social roles of young people and uncertainty about their own social status. In the ontogenetic aspect, the youth subculture is presented as a developmental phase that everyone must go through. Its essence is the search for social status. Through it, the young man “practices” in playing the roles that he will later have to play in the world of adults.

Factors determining the state of youth culture: society; modern Russian culture, both at the institutional and at the subjective-activity levels, is today in a state of crisis, like society itself; levels of humanitarian socialization; age characteristics of young people; characteristics of the generation.

One of the features of youth culture is alienation from the older generation, its cultural values, ideals, and models. Features of youth culture can be seen from materials and various leisure studies. Leisure is increasingly becoming the main sphere of life for young people. An important feature of youth culture is the predominance of consumption over creativity. The role of consumption in the development of personal culture is significant, but truly becoming familiar with cultural values ​​occurs only through active, independent activity.

Youth culture and culture for youth are not identical concepts; they include different, sometimes opposite, contents. Youth culture is a multidimensional phenomenon, a system of values ​​that represent a powerful and heterogeneous flow from within the youth part of society. Culture for youth is a product of civilization, a list of services, offers from the state and society to the younger generations.

The most accessible social platforms for specific youth activities are leisure, where you can show your own independence: the ability to make decisions and lead, organize and organize. Leisure is not only communication, but also a kind of social game; the lack of skills in such games in youth leads to the fact that a person considers himself free from obligations even in adulthood.

Leisure has begun to be perceived by young people as the main sphere of life, and the overall satisfaction with the life of a young person depends on satisfaction with it. Therefore, at present, the educational influence on the social practices of youth leisure should be directed towards the formation of a type of leisure behavior that, on the one hand, would meet the needs of bringing together the main type of activity of youth - their cognitive and educational movement with leisure practice, and on the other - the sociocultural needs the youth themselves.

The following main typological groups of youth are distinguished: active-activity type, youth focusing primarily on leisure, youth focusing on passive-consumer forms of leisure, youth who do not have developed skills for rational planning of their leisure time and are characterized by a spontaneously chaotic orientation of leisure.

It is also noted that youth culture is distinguished by such features as a predominantly entertainment and recreational orientation, “Westernization” of cultural needs and interests, the priority of consumer orientations over creative ones, weak individualization and selectivity of culture, extra-institutional cultural self-realization, and lack of ethnocultural self-identification.

The study of literature on the formation of youth leisure culture and analysis of the activities of the club institution SDK "Cosmos" contributed to the study of youth leisure culture n. p. Zarechensk and identifying leisure preferences of this category of the population. The data obtained as a result of the study motivated the development of a youth club project with a patriotic, local history and environmental focus. It is expected that the youth club will contribute to the formation of a leisure culture for young people. p. Zarechensk

The following provisions are submitted for defense:

Results of a study of the activities of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos".

An analysis of the activities of the club institution SDK "Cosmos" allowed us to draw the following conclusions. The club institution SDK "Cosmos" is a cultural and educational center for residents of Zarechensk, conducts cultural and educational work among residents of the village, but, in addition, public events are held: studies and meetings of public activists, ceremonial meetings, amateur art shows, exhibitions. The activities of the club institution SDK "Cosmos" are full of a wide variety of cultural programs. In its work, the club institution KFOR "Cosmos" tries to reach all age groups of the population. Participates in regional and federal programs. An analysis of the organizational environment of KFOR Cosmos was also presented. The Cosmos SKD staff consists of 6 people.

Results of a study of cultural leisure preferences of the population of the village. Zarechensk

Marketing research of the preferences of cultural leisure of the population. The village of Zarechensk allowed us to draw the following conclusions: the main consumers of socio-cultural services are young people (18 - 29 children) and adults (30 - 59 years old). The majority of respondents prefer to relax with friends. The frequency of visits to cultural institutions is approximately once a month. A weak involvement of people on well-deserved rest was revealed, i.e. the older age group, as well as children and teenagers, were included in the activities of the SDK Kosmos club, which indicates insufficient consideration of the interests of residents of different age and social groups.

In order to attract this category of the population, it was necessary to find out the preferences regarding cultural and leisure activities that are most attractive to them. In order to identify the most preferred types of cultural and leisure activities, a study was conducted among young people. The target group aged 15 to 18 years was identified as respondents. The total number of residents surveyed was 30 people. After conducting the research, it became clear that young people are interested in organizing their leisure time; many were attracted by the opportunity to visit a youth club.

Project of activities of the youth club “Next”.

Based on the research, a project for the activities of the youth club “Next” was proposed.

The goal of the club is to attract more teenagers and young people to sports and international communication with peers from near and far abroad.

The main objectives of the club are to create optimal conditions for social adaptation, personal development, health promotion, self-education and creative work of adolescents and youth, their professional self-determination, organization of reasonable and meaningful leisure, recreation and entertainment.

The main activities of the youth club “Next”:

) Ecological direction.

) Patriotic direction.

) Local history direction.

Funding for a youth club.

Financing of work on the creation and functioning of a youth club should be comprehensive:

-Revenues from the local budget.

-Funds received from visiting the club.

-Private capital and proceeds from interested individuals and organizations.

-Income from paid services provided by the club institution.

Expected social effect.

The creation of a youth club will allow the youth of the village to become involved. Zarechensk to a healthy lifestyle through sports, to form spiritual values ​​in the minds of young people, the education of patriotic feelings, and a caring attitude towards their native land. It will allow you to create an optimal system of leisure for youth, as well as create conditions for the effective development of a system for organizing youth recreation, intellectual and physical development, the formation of moral stability, and social activity.

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Annex 1

Table 2.1. Equipment

Types of equipment Availability (available, not available, condition - satisfactory, unsatisfactory, % wear) Need Furniture Available, condition not satisfactory 100% wear Comp. table - 1 pc., theater chair - 100 pcs., semi-soft chair - 24 pcs., desk - 3 pcs., armchair - 2 pcs., bookcase - 2 pcs., stand for telephone - 2 pcs., wardrobe wardrobe - 4 pcs. Vehicles - Security alarm equipment - Special stage equipment - Head microphone - 4 pcs., acoustic complex - 1 pc., music center - 1 pc., microphone stand - 6 pcs., music stand - 1 pc., spotlight - bpcs.Professor Sound. and lighting equipment Available, satisfactory condition Lighting device - 4 pcs., smoke generator - 4 pcs., ultraviolet. lamps - 6 pcs. Musical instruments Available, not satisfactory, 100% worn out Bayan - 2 pcs., piano - 1 pc., acoustic guitar 12 string - 1 pc.,

Appendix 2

Table 2.2. Comparative characteristics of the performance indicators of the cultural institution KFOR "Cosmos" for 2007 - 2008.

Indicators 20072008 number of club formations / participants in them 11/8211/83 for children under 14 years of age inclusive / participants in them 6/363/17 Folk / exemplary groups - number of cultural and leisure events / number of visitors 150/478 2134/3691 for children under 14 years of age inclusive / number visitors 65/84647/586 on a paid basis / number of visitors - incl. for children under the age of 14 inclusive - number of visits per year per resident 77 number of leisure facilities 55 Number of earned funds -

Appendix 3

Sex and age structure of the population of the village Zarechensk

Fig.2.2. Sexual structure

Rice. 2.3. Age structure

Appendix 4

Questionnaire

Dear ______________

As part of monitoring the cultural sector of the club institution, SDK Kosmos conducts research into the cultural leisure of the population. We ask you to fill out the questionnaire provided by us. Thank you!

No. Question Answers 1 What cultural products do you consume most often? Television Radio Magazines Newspapers Books Internet Cinemas Exhibitions Discos 2 How often do you visit cultural institutions? 1 time a year 1 time a month several times a month 1 time a week several times a week 3 Most often you visit cultural institutions and events alone / with friends with children / with your parents with your wife / husband with the whole family 4 For what purpose do you visit cultural institutions? relax improve your cultural level spend time with friends 5 Indicate the reasons why you do not visit / do not visit cultural institutions as often as you would like? lack of time financial difficulties other 6 Please indicate some information about yourself age gender are you married do you have children ( if yes, how much)

Appendix 5

Questionnaire

Dear ____________

As part of monitoring the cultural sector of the club institution, SDK "Cosmos" conducts research into the cultural leisure of young people. We ask you to fill out the questionnaire provided by us. Thank you!

No. Question Answers 1 Are you interested in organizing your leisure time? Yes No 2 How do you usually spend your free time? At home, I don’t do anything special Visiting friends On the computer, on the Internet Walking on the street Working in a creative group Playing sports 3 Would you like to spend your time differently? Yes No 4 What would you suggest organizing for leisure for young people? Sports club Video club (with disc exchange) Dance club Youth club 5 Are you ready to visit the club you like? Yes No 6 Please indicate some information about yourself age gender

Appendix 6

Fig.2.11. Age of respondents

Fig.2.12. Gender structure of respondents

Appendix 7

Fig.2.13. The results of a survey on the cultural and leisure preferences of young people in the village. Zarechensk

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Seminar “Forms and methods of work club-type cultural institutions: innovation and tradition" Main questions of the seminar:

1. Forms as a way to implement the content of the activities of club-type cultural institutions.
2. Classification of the main, traditional forms of club activities.
3. Innovative forms of cultural and leisure activities.
4. Means and methods are the structural basis of the form of the event.

Goals:

1. Training in the basic forms and methods of activity of club-type cultural institutions.
2. Advanced training for specialists in cultural and leisure institutions.

1. I. Forms as a way to realize content

activities of cultural institutions. The most important components of the methodology of cultural and leisure activities include the forms of activity of institutions, the elements of the functioning of a cultural institution, the component of cultural and leisure activities. Forms - programs of cultural and leisure activities should be understood as ways and techniques of organizing people in a cultural institution, at the place of residence in order to convey certain content to them. Forms - programs of cultural and leisure activities - do not exist on their own. In relation to the content, the form - the program is of a dependent nature. Each means of influence requires appropriate forms of organization of people. Noting the dependence of forms and their correct use in turn is of great importance. Forms - programs have a certain independence; they can and do have a reverse influence on the content of the activity. The result of an activity often depends on the choice of forms. The content of the activity must necessarily be expressed in a certain form. The forms of work of club institutions are the ways and techniques of organizing a club audience. The chosen form of the program influences the selection of content, and the content, in turn, shapes the form. Form is the way the content exists.

1. II. Classification of the main forms of club activities.

Depending on the methods of organizing the club audience, the forms are individual, group and mass. Individual forms:

1. Conversations: in the ordinary sense, a literary or theatrical form of oral or written exchange in conversation between two or more people; - in philosophical and scientific senses - a specific form and organization of communication.

1. Targeted service. Cultural and leisure form for a certain category of people with limited mobility. Refers to new forms of work of cultural institutions.

1. Consultations: explanation, clarification of any concepts. Answers on questions. Fully applies to methodological and educational forms of work. Applicable to the activities of cultural institutions, it can be used as an integral part of any club form (master class, targeted service, evening meeting, etc.)

Group forms: A). Leisure, entertainment. 1.Evenings: this good opportunity organize people in a certain place, relax, communicate, discuss and analyze situations, problems and successes. Evenings can take several forms depending on the purpose of organizing leisure time:

• Evening meeting. These could be meetings with interesting people, with veterans, with village poets, etc.
• Evening memory. It can be a separate event, but in most cases it is used as an integral part of other forms (for example, a living room, an evening meeting, etc.)
• Evening of rest. This is an entertaining event, using a variety of music, games, competitions, and dances. A cafe evening is considered a type of relaxation evening - an evening of relaxation at tables, using drinks and other food products.
• Discos. Dance programs with minimal use of other means and methods of organizing leisure time.
• Intimate forms of organizing leisure time - salon and living room - events for a narrow circle of people connected by common interests. A special couple is that they are held in a small, confined space, close to a cozy home environment with a relatively small number of participants, where the performers are in close proximity to the audience. In art, the concept of “chamber” often carries the meaning of “reduced”.

1. Game programs: the main method of organizing leisure time in these activities is game elements. Depending on other methods used, game programs can be:

• Competitive and gaming;
• Theatrical and gaming;
• Plot-based (for example, based on the plot of TV games).

B). Outreach events have a clear thematic focus and are characterized by the presence of cognitive content; elements of agitation and propaganda are possible (for example, a healthy lifestyle).

1. An exhibition (excursion) is a display, whatever its name, by presenting the means at the disposal of mankind to satisfy the needs, as well as for the purpose of progress, in one or more fields of its activity. There are periodic (temporary) and permanent exhibitions. For UKKT, exhibitions are usually held over a short period of time, i.e. temporary. They can be either a separate event or an integral part of another event.

1. Round table - a meeting within the framework of a larger event. In its modern meaning, the expression round table has been used since the 20th century as the name of one of the ways to organize a discussion of a certain issue.

Moreover, the round table often plays more of an information and propaganda role rather than serving as a tool for developing specific solutions.

1. Thematic program. Its content, methods and techniques have a strict thematic focus. Elements of other various forms of events can be used to achieve optimal results in conveying information on the selected topic to the audience. The focus can be different (patriotic, musical, gaming, preventive, environmental, literary, etc.).

1. Propaganda brigades are a propaganda form of events. Currently it is considered an outdated form of cultural and leisure activity.

1. 5. Lectures: oral systematic and consistent presentation of material on any problem, method, topic, etc.

Trainings: a method of active learning aimed at developing knowledge, skills and social attitudes. Master classes: form and method of practical teaching and training of certain skills Lectures and trainings are not forms of club work, but can be used when conducting other forms of outreach events or club activities. IN). Club formations. 1.Amateur associations or interest clubs. They are created on a voluntary basis by the participants themselves or cultural specialists on the basis of the KDU. They are distinguished by the common interests of the participants, freedom of communication, freedom of choice of forms and frequency of communication. The activities of amateur associations are regulated by the regulations on club formations and the charter of a particular association, adopted in agreement with its participants.

1. A circle is a creative association of people who have common interests in the field of creativity, whose main activity is mastering certain skills in creative activity of various genres (vocal, choreographic, etc.). Circles are the basis for the activities of amateur art groups.

Mass forms. Mass forms include entertainment programs designed to a large number of spectators and participants.

1. Concert is a public performance of musical works, ballet, pop, etc. numbers according to a specific, pre-compiled program.

1. The performance is a work of stage art. The basis of a performance in a drama theater is a literary work - a play or script that requires improvisation; in a musical theater - a musical-dramatic composition.

• Literary and musical composition is a type of performance, the difference of which is the combined use of works by several authors (poets, writers, musicians)

1. A fair is a regular marketplace of broad significance: a market regularly, periodically organized in a traditionally designated place, accompanied by a theatrical concert and game program.

1. A holiday is a day of celebration established in honor or in memory of someone, something, a fun way to spend free time; any day joyful event. As a form of organizing leisure time, a holiday is a mass entertainment event that includes a set of cultural and leisure means and methods, using various cultural and leisure forms of work and having a relatively long duration of time - at least two hours. Holidays can be:

• Calendar (New Year, Elderly Day, etc.);
• State (Victory Day, Constitution Day, etc.);
• Folklore (Maslenitsa, Spas, Trinity, etc.);
• Family (birthday, anniversary, wedding, etc.);
• Professional (teacher's day, builder's day, etc.).

1. A ball is a gathering of a large group of people of both sexes for dancing. Balls differ from ordinary dances or discotheques by increased solemnity, stricter etiquette and a classic set of dances, following in a predetermined order. A masquerade ball differs from a ball in the presence of carnival masks or costumes on those present. Currently, they are rarely used in the practice of cultural and leisure institutions.

1. 6. Competition. In cultural and leisure activities there is a demonstration competition. The event is designed for a wide range of spectators with pre-prepared participants, with competitive elements, with the ultimate goal of identifying the winner.

1. Festival - a mass celebration, display of achievements in musical, theatrical, pop, circus or other art forms without identifying a winner or determining a rating among participants.

1. A rally is a formal event dedicated to an important event or date.

1. A parade is a ceremonial passage in front of spectators, the public, troops, various groups, organizations, movements or parties, etc.

This is an approximate classification of traditional forms of cultural and leisure activities that have been used by cultural specialists for many years. It should be noted that quite rarely forms are used “in their pure form”; basically they complement each other or move from one category to another. For example, a competitive game can turn into a disco, and a group form of a recreational evening can become a mass event with a large crowd of visitors. But some are losing their relevance and relevance and are being modified to adapt to modern times. As a general pattern, the new comes to replace the old and in addition to the traditional. III. Innovative forms of cultural and leisure activities. The political upheavals of the late 1980s and early 1990s, followed by economic transformations, led to significant changes in the socio-cultural sphere. Ideological education and cultural services were finished faster than expected. Today we are all witnessing a new stage in the development of culture and leisure. “Cultural and educational work” has been replaced by the same cultural and leisure activities about the problems and prospects for the development of which a lot is said and written today. The word “activity” itself characterizes the processes developing in the sphere of free time: democratic ways and means of organizing leisure activities, lively and direct participation of the population in the implementation of cultural projects and programs. In any case, we have to say goodbye decisively and irrevocably to the old stereotyped approaches and methods that seemed frozen for eternity in organizing people’s leisure activities. The high ideals, in the name of which all cultural and educational work was carried out among the masses, and by which cultural workers were guided, turned out to be unviable. The potential audience of educational cultural and leisure activities has expanded significantly, and its real (not assumed, as it was before) needs have changed dramatically. This circumstance initially puzzled the cultural workers: they could no longer work with the old methods, and had not yet mastered the new ones. In this situation, the plenipotentiaries of culture, as has happened more than once before, took the path of mechanical imitation of Western models and standards, without proper grounds transferring overseas experience alien to the Russian mentality to Russian soil. Gambling houses, casinos, night bars and clubs have appeared, where you can hear and see much of what was recently considered forbidden fruit. Previous methods of education - condemnation and censure, suppression and punishment - were not particularly effective before, but in conditions of complete permissiveness generated by limitless democracy (everything is allowed that is not prohibited), they simply do not work. Neither party dogma, nor trade union subsidies, nor Komsomol optimism, nor even the efforts of the public now work; there is no one to rely on; cultural workers now have to make all economic, managerial and pedagogical decisions on their own. In short, the time has come to thoroughly reconsider your professional baggage, look for innovative approaches, and master new technologies of activity and management. In fact, it's coming new stage in the development of culture and leisure. Modern cultural studies considers cultural and leisure activities as a process of creating conditions for a person’s motivational choice of objective activities. Moreover, this process is determined by the needs of the individual, his interests. The time has come not just to leniently take into account the needs of potential or actual audiences, but to put them at the basis of all today's activities of cultural institutions. With the development of market relations, cultural and leisure activities have come close to marketing technologies, which are based precisely on the problem of finding and satisfying the needs of individual citizens or social groups. The cultural and leisure activities themselves are gradually being transformed into the leisure industry. Optimizing the activities of cultural and leisure institutions lies at the intersection of several directions: a critical analysis of the experience of our predecessors and the need to take from it everything that can still work in modern conditions and contribute to solving today's problems; the creative use of foreign experience (the experience of both the near and far abroad is equally suitable) in organizing leisure time for the population and, finally, the own tireless search for every cultural and leisure institution, every creative team and every creatively thinking cultural worker. Innovative forms of activity of cultural and leisure institutions are dictated by the needs of the population. New club work forms include the following forms:

• Promotion- this is a time-limited impact on the target population for the purpose of popularization and propaganda. Public socio-political actions aimed at attracting attention. Often actions do not have a clear long-term goal and are not connected with other events in which their participants are involved. The result is achieved with the help of bright external attributes;
• Corporate event– there is no exact definition of this form yet, but it can be defined as “a holiday in a team, organization, company, enterprise”
• Show- an entertainment event. Typically held in front of an audience. It has a staged character. Something ostentatious, designed for a noisy external effect. Can be: aviation, automobile, television, ice, laser light, circus, political, etc. As a form of club work, it has not yet been formed. Popular types of complex leisure programs are show programs, lush costumed stage performances with the participation of “stars” (in small towns - local ones), dynamically bright, rich in special effects, spectacular, carrying a through plot with a beginning, climax and denouement.
• Flashmob is a pre-planned mass action in which a large group of people appears in a public place, performs predetermined actions (scenario) and then disperses.
• Teambuilding is a corporate role-playing game aimed at team building. Any corporate leisure time can be classified as this form;
• Battle is a type of competition, a duel between groups or individual participants with elements of impromptu wrestling and demonstration.

Currently, in the structure of modern culture, entertainment programs and various shows occupy an increasingly important place, which play a significant role in the ideological, moral and artistic education of people, the organization of their life and leisure. Of course, leisure creativity, which is predominantly amateur, does not always reach the highest, professional level, however, it, acting as a reliable means of revealing the talent of each person, has a great social effect.

1. IV. Means and methods are the structural basis of the form of the event.

Means of cultural and leisure activities are ways (channels) or methods of transmitting content (ideas, scientific views, events, facts, images of works of art, life examples) in order to influence the consciousness, feelings and will of visitors to a cultural institution. In the methodology of cultural and leisure activities, means are the tools with the help of which the content is revealed. The content of the activity, concluded in one form or another, cannot be realized without the use of certain means. Means are the main instruments with the help of which socio-cultural activities are carried out, a kind of “mechanism” for conveying the content of the activity to the audience. They are divided into:

• Artistic and expressive means: living word, music.

Living word- The word as a leading means in socio-cultural activities. The living word is a form of literary and sometimes oratory art, an artistic performance in which text, poems, stories, essays are spoken more than sung. Music- a type of art whose artistic material is sound, organized in a special way in time.

• Choreography, singing, drama.

Choreography- dance art in general. One of the oldest types of creativity, the expressive means of which are movements. human body related to musical accompaniment. Origin singing associated with a person’s desire to express his mood in the sounds of his voice. Gradually developing, singing becomes a subject of special art. Singing is used not only in solo, but also in joint performance (duet, trio, quartet, quintet, choir, ensemble, that is, soloists singing with a choir). Dramaturgy- the theory and art of constructing a dramatic work, as well as the plot and figurative concept of such a work. Dramaturgy is also called the totality of dramatic works of an individual writer, country or people, era. Understanding the basic elements of a dramatic work and the principles of dramaturgy are historically variable. Drama was interpreted as an action taking place (and not already accomplished) with the interaction of the character and external position of the characters. An action represents a known change in a certain period of time.

• Visual media: design of the club space (hall stage, foyer, lobby, club rooms, etc.); lighting, scenery, costumes, visuals (film, slides, video, television)

• Technical means: lighting, audio and video equipment.

Light- electromagnetic radiation emitted by a heated or excited substance, perceived by the human eye. Often, light is understood not only as visible light, but also in the broad spectrum regions adjacent to it. Audio is a general term referring to audio technology. Often the term audio refers to sound recorded on an audio medium; Less commonly, audio refers to the recording and playback of sound, sound recording and sound reproducing equipment. Video equipment - a variety of technologies for recording, processing, transmitting, storing and reproducing visual or audiovisual material, as well as a common name for the actual video material, television signal or film, including those recorded on physical media (video cassette, video disk, etc.).

• Material resources: equipment, inventory, musical instruments, stationery, craft materials (fabric, paper, wood, metal, clay, paint, plasticine, etc.)

• Financial resources- this is a set of economic relations that arise in the process of formation, distribution and use of centralized and decentralized funds of funds. Usually we are talking about trust funds of the state or economic entities (enterprises). The most important concept in finance is budget.

• The main place is occupied mass media, which are divided into printed and electronic. They are the main source of information about events in the world of politics, economics, social sphere, science, culture, education, sports, show business, used in cultural and leisure activities.

Each medium serves as a carrier (transmitter) of one or another content. Depending on the nature of the content and purpose, a specific tool or, more often, a set of tools is selected. The arsenal of cultural and leisure activities is varied. Personnel must be able, in each specific case, to select and use those that will give the greatest effect, will be the most effective, and will ensure the best performance of the task. The word as a leading means in socio-cultural activities. Patterns of using visual aids in cultural and educational activities. Regularities of the use of artistic means in socio-cultural activities. Optimizing the use of professional and amateur art as a means of cultural and educational activities in all forms of work of cultural institutions. The principle of systematization of the means of intellectual and emotional expressiveness of socio-cultural activities. It should be noted that all means are closely interconnected and are selected taking into account the specific object of influence and the thematic focus of the event. For the successful use of means of social and cultural activities, the following requirements must be met: the choice of means should depend on the goal of the event, educational action, since it is the goal that determines the means; the quantity and nature of the chosen means of influence must correspond to the tasks, and a lack of means, as well as their excess, are equally harmful; The teacher must be fluent in the methods of using social and cultural activities and know their strengths and weaknesses. . Methods of socio-cultural activities In cultural and leisure activities there are three generic methods: the illustration method, the theatrical method, and the game method. Other methods used in cultural and leisure activities are not generic, but are brought from other fields of knowledge: sociology, pedagogy, psychology. So, for example, when planning work with a specific audience, various methods of studying it are used - methods of sociological research. In order to create a cultural and leisure program, it is not enough just to have a good understanding of the laws of its dramatic construction. It is necessary to understand and know exactly the potential capabilities of the methods of editing, illustration, theatricalization and acting. Illustration method The essence of the illustration method is a special organization of the content of information material through display in some form. Speaking about the method of illustration, it should be borne in mind that, through the synthesis of various emotionally expressive means, it complements the information, making it visible. In all cases, within the framework of informational and developmental material that is homogeneous in content, its illustration (display) by means of art creates an artistic form that has great power of emotional impact. At the same time, illustration not only introduces an element of artistry into the content of the cultural and leisure program, but reveals, develops, deepens, and concretizes the theme. The same topic can be illustrated in different ways, taking into account a variety of artistic means of expression. The director gives preference to the illustration method depending on the type of program, its form, and the nature of the audience. By its nature, the illustration method corresponds to the type of informational and educational programs, and in artistic, journalistic and cultural and entertainment programs it can be used as an additional method. In practice, two types of illustration have developed: artistic and visual. For example, in a lecture, which is both a method of disseminating knowledge and a form of cultural and leisure activity, the method of illustration is used in the form of book exhibitions, photo stands or exhibitions of reproductions, artistic reading, music, showing fragments from popular science films and documentaries. Using the method of illustration, introducing an element of artistry into an information and educational program allows you to create a stage composition in which documents, documentary footage, photographs, combined with artistic images - poetic, choreographic, musical - achieve an emotional effect of enormous power. Theatrical method The method of theatricalization in modern leisure programs consists of combining sounds, colors, melody in space and time, revealing the image in different variations, asking them through a single “end-to-end action”, which unites and subordinates all used components according to the laws of the script. The method of theatricalization is an artistic and pedagogical method, which is, on the one hand, a method of unity of dramatic processing of material according to the laws of the theater, where there is the beginning of an action, its development, culmination and denouement, and on the other hand, an artistically designed action of a group, collective or masses of participants, which is a stimulus for the gaming action of the mass of participants. Consequently, the method of theatricalization appears not as one of the methods in cultural and leisure programs, used in all its variants, but as a complex creative method that is closest to theater and has a deep socio-psychological justification. Game method The next generic method of cultural and leisure activity is play. The game also has its own theory, it is both a method and a form. It is generally accepted that the initial, determining factor in the game is that the participant in the game creates for himself an imaginary situation instead of a real one and acts in it, performing a certain role, in accordance with his own knowledge, skills and abilities that he attaches to the surrounding objects. The transition of action into an imaginary situation is especially characteristic for the development of play in specific cultural and leisure activities. The game here is considered as a product of development, moreover, ahead of the needs of practical life, as an action from within maturing functions, giving birth to functions, born in relationships with the outside world. The game method in a cultural and leisure program most successfully combines informational-logical and informational-imaginative principles, synthesizing education, pedagogy, art and creativity, which have an extraordinary power of influence on human thoughts and feelings. Practical task: The audience is given sheets of paper on which different forms of work are written. Within 5-10 minutes, you need to draw up a scenario plan for an event on a given topic (one for everyone, for example, International Women’s Day) and according to the specified form (for each person). Experts encounter this situation every day (there is a topic, you need to choose a form). This task demonstrates the variety of forms and breadth of choice. A discussion is taking place. During the discussion, factors are identified that may influence the decision when choosing the form of holding the event. Conclusion. Specialist in social and cultural activities central figure educational process, it is he who is the bearer of goals and ideals, ideas, traditions, the owner of scientific knowledge and the skill of education. The question of methods of cultural and leisure activities is complex. It is very difficult to give a clear classification of them, but the content of the work is obvious, the need for a creative approach to the choice of methods and techniques in the activities of cultural institutions, which have accumulated extensive experience in using various means, forms and methods depending on the situation and the tasks being solved. Specialists in the social and cultural sphere must master them and be able to apply them creatively. The professional skill of a specialist in a cultural institution consists in choosing from the whole variety of means, forms and methods those that in each specific case will make it possible to best solve the problems at hand. In one case it will be a theme evening, in another - a lecture, in the third - an amateur concert, etc. We need to search for new, more effective combinations of content, forms, methods and means in order to arouse people’s interest and attract them to a cultural institution. Bibliography

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