The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish full title. “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish” by A. S. Pushkin. The tale of the goldfish in a new way
Listen to the Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish
An old man lived with his old woman
At the very blue sea;
They lived in a dilapidated dugout
Exactly thirty years and three years.
The old man was catching fish with a net,
The old woman was spinning her yarn.
Once he threw a net into the sea, -
A net arrived with nothing but mud.
Another time he cast a net,
A net came with sea grass.
For the third time he cast the net, -
A net came with one fish,
With a difficult fish - gold.
How the goldfish prays!
He says in a human voice:
“You, elder, let me go to sea,
Dear, I will give a ransom for myself:
I’ll pay you back with whatever you want.”
The old man was surprised and frightened:
He fished for thirty years and three years
And I never heard the fish speak.
He released the goldfish
And he said a kind word to her:
“God be with you, goldfish!
I don’t need your ransom;
Go to the blue sea,
Walk there in the open space."
The old man returned to the old woman,
He told her a great miracle.
“Today I caught a fish,
Goldfish, not an ordinary one;
In our opinion, the fish spoke,
I asked to go home to the blue sea,
Bought at a high price:
I bought whatever I wanted.
I did not dare take ransom from her;
So he let her into the blue sea.”
The old woman scolded the old man:
“You fool, you simpleton!
You didn’t know how to take ransom from a fish!
If only you could take the trough from her,
Ours is completely split.”
So he went to the blue sea;
He sees that the sea is playing up a little.
A fish swam to him and asked:
“What do you want, elder?”
“Have mercy, lady fish,
My old woman scolded me,
The old man gives me no peace:
She needs a new trough;
Ours is completely split.”
The goldfish answers:
There will be a new trough for you."
The old man returned to the old woman,
The old woman has a new trough.
The old woman scolds even more:
“You fool, you simpleton!
You begged for a trough, you fool!
Is there a lot of self-interest in the trough?
Turn back, fool, you are going to the fish;
Bow to her and beg for a hut.”
So he went to the blue sea,
(The blue sea has become cloudy.)
He started clicking goldfish,
“What do you want, elder?”
“Have mercy, lady fish!
The old woman scolds even more,
The old man gives me no peace:
A grumpy woman is asking for a hut.”
The goldfish answers:
“Don’t be sad, go with God,
So be it: you’ll have a hut.”
He went to his dugout,
And there is no trace of the dugout;
In front of him is a hut with a light,
With a brick, whitewashed pipe,
With oak, plank gates.
The old woman is sitting under the window,
For what it's worth, she scolds her husband.
“You are a fool, you are a simpleton!
The simpleton begged for a hut!
Turn back, bow to the fish:
I don't want to be a black peasant girl
I want to be a high-ranking noblewoman».
The old man went to the blue sea;
(The blue sea is not calm.)
A fish swam to him and asked:
“What do you want, elder?”
The old man answers her with a bow:
“Have mercy, lady fish!
The old woman became more foolish than ever,
The old man gives me no peace:
She doesn't want to be a peasant
She wants to be a high-ranking noblewoman.”
The goldfish answers:
“Don’t be sad, go with God.”
The old man returned to the old woman.
What does he see? High tower.
His old woman is standing on the porch
In an expensive sable jacket,
Brocade kitty on the crown,
Pearls weighed down the neck,
There are gold rings on my hands,
Red boots on her feet.
Before her are diligent servants;
She beats them and drags them by the chuprun.
The old man says to his old woman:
“Hello, madam, noblewoman!
Tea, now your darling is happy.”
The old woman shouted at him,
She sent him to serve at the stables.
One week goes by, another goes by
The old woman became even more furious:
Again he sends the old man to the fish.
“Turn back, bow to the fish:
I don't want to be a pillar noblewoman,
But I want to be a free queen.”
The old man got scared and prayed:
“What, woman, have you eaten too much henbane?
You can neither step nor speak,
You will make the whole kingdom laugh."
The old woman became even more angry,
She hit her husband on the cheek.
“How dare you, man, argue with me,
With me, a pillar noblewoman? -
Go to the sea, they tell you with honor,
If you don’t go, they will lead you willy-nilly.”
The old man went to the sea,
(The blue sea has turned black.)
He began to click on the goldfish.
A fish swam to him and asked:
“What do you want, elder?”
The old man answers her with a bow:
“Have mercy, lady fish!
My old woman is rebelling again:
She doesn't want to be a noblewoman,
She wants to be a free queen."
The goldfish answers:
“Don’t be sad, go with God!
Good! the old woman will be a queen!”
The old man returned to the old woman.
Well? before him are the royal chambers.
In the chambers he sees his old woman,
She sits at the table like a queen,
Boyars and nobles serve her,
They pour her foreign wines;
She eats printed gingerbread;
A formidable guard stands around her,
They hold axes on their shoulders.
When the old man saw it, he was scared!
He bowed to the old woman's feet,
He said: “Hello, formidable queen!
Well, now your darling is happy.”
The old woman did not look at him,
She just ordered him to be driven out of sight.
The boyars and nobles ran up,
They pushed the old man backwards.
And the guards ran up at the door,
Almost chopped her up with axes.
And the people laughed at him:
“Serves you right, you old ignoramus!
From now on, science for you, ignoramus:
Don’t sit in the wrong sleigh!”
One week goes by, another goes by
The old woman became even more furious:
The courtiers send for her husband,
They found the old man and brought him to her.
The old woman says to the old man:
“Turn back, bow to the fish.
I don't want to be a free queen,
I want to be the mistress of the sea,
So that I can live in Okiyan-Sea,
So that the goldfish may serve me
And she would be on my errands.”
The old man did not dare to contradict
I didn’t dare to say a word.
Here he goes to the blue sea,
He sees a black storm at sea:
So the angry waves swelled,
That's how they walk and howl and howl.
He began to click on the goldfish.
A fish swam to him and asked:
“What do you want, elder?”
The old man answers her with a bow:
“Have mercy, lady fish!
What should I do with the damned woman?
She doesn't want to be a queen,
Wants to be the mistress of the sea;
So that she can live in Okiyan-sea,
So that you yourself serve her
And I would have been on her errands.”
The fish didn't say anything
Just splashed her tail in the water
And went into the deep sea.
He waited for a long time by the sea for an answer,
He didn’t wait, he returned to the old woman -
Lo and behold, there was a dugout in front of him again;
His old woman is sitting on the threshold,
And in front of her is a broken trough.
Orthodox explanation of the Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish. Monk Konstantin Sabelnikov
The old man (mind) and the old woman (heart) lived by the sea for 33 years. This means that a person lived a conscious life (lived with his mind and heart) and became ready to believe in the Lord Jesus Christ, who died and was resurrected at the age of 33.
The old woman was spinning yarn - in this life, every person creates for himself with his thoughts, words and deeds. moral state soul, which will be its clothing in eternity.
The old man was fishing - every person seeks his own good in earthly life.
One day he first pulled out a net with mud and grass, and then with a goldfish - one day a person understands the temporality of temporary life, and this helps him to believe in eternity and in God.
Fish - ancient symbol Christ, and gold is a symbol of grace. The fish asked to be released, although it did not need it, because it had power even over the destinies of people - the Lord calls a person to show mercy to someone, and it brings him closer to God than anything else, opens his heart to faith in Him.
The old woman made the old man first of all ask for a trough - a person, having come to faith, begins his spiritual life by cleansing his conscience from sins. Ap. Peter said to the believing Jews: “Repent, and let each of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of sins...” (). Unbelieving people do not have such means and do not know how to ease their conscience.
The old woman scolds the old man and calls him a “fool,” because a person acts at the behest of his heart and, as La Rochefoucauld said, the mind is always a fool of the heart. When the old man went to ask for a trough, the sea broke out - because God is displeased when a person who has believed in Him does not want to serve Him, but to use Him for his own personal purposes, even good ones.
Having received a new trough, the old woman did not thank the fish, but sent the old man with another request - believers rarely sincerely thank God for giving the opportunity to be cleansed of sins in the sacrament of Confession. Having begun church life, they, as a rule, begin to ask God for health and prosperity in the family and at work (a new hut).
Then the old woman demanded to be a noblewoman and a queen - a person begins to ask God for what serves to satisfy vanity and pride (in this case, lust for power). The Lord sometimes allows a person to receive what he asks for, so that, having received, he grows in faith in God, and then, having come to know his passions, he begins to fight them and for the sake of God renounces what feeds them.
When the old woman became a noblewoman, she began to beat the servants, because when a person receives honor and glory and feeds his vanity with it, his heart becomes hardened towards people. She hit the old man who tried to argue with her - because when the passion of vanity intensifies, it more subjugates the human mind.
The old woman demanded to become a queen - a person moves from the desire for fame to the desire for power. The old woman demanded power over the goldfish - Abba Dorotheos says that pride before people leads to pride before God.
The old man could not understand that his main problem was the character of his grandmother. He should have asked the goldfish to change the old woman, but he only complained about her. So a person must understand with his mind that his main problem is the passions of the heart, and, having come to faith, he must not just confess his sins (complain about the old woman), but ask God to change his heart.
The fairy tale shows what happens to people who try, with God’s help, to change their lives, but not themselves. At first, their lives really improve, but then they serve not God, but their passions, although they themselves do not notice it. If a person does not fight passions, then they fight him. The Lord said: “Whoever does not gather with Me scatters” (). Abba Dorotheos said that in spiritual life a person cannot stand still, he becomes either worse or better. There is no third. Because of pride, a person remains with nothing. Over time, he still loses earthly blessings: with retirement or illness, he loses his position and influence over people. Having lost these benefits, he understands that, having received a lot in this life for a while, he did not receive the most important thing - he did not become different.
Mikhail Semyonovich Kazinik, violinist, lecturer-musicologist, teacher, writer-publicist:
Ask any philologist teacher at school what Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin’s fairy tale about the fisherman and the fish is about? Everyone will say: “This tale is about a greedy old woman who was left with nothing.”
My dears, yet another nonsense! It is Pushkin who will waste time condemning yet another greedy old woman! This is a tale of love. ABOUT unconditional love old man. It's easy to love a beautiful, generous, smart woman. You try to love an old, dirty, greedy old woman. And here is the evidence: I ask any philologist how the tale of the fisherman and the fish begins. Everyone tells me: “Once upon a time...”. Yes, right. “Once upon a time there lived an old man and an old woman by the very blue sea!”, right? “That’s right!” say philologists. “That’s right!” say the academics. “That’s right!” say the professors. “That’s right!” say the students. “Once upon a time there lived an old man and an old woman by the very blue sea. The old man was catching with a seine...” Wrong! It wouldn't be Pushkin. “Once upon a time there was an old man and an old woman” - this is the most ordinary beginning of a fairy tale. Pushkin: “An old man lived with his old woman.” Do you feel the difference? Because it’s still ours! Pushkin gives the code! Our own, dear: thirty years and three years together. Flesh of the flesh! Greedy - there are such old women! Darling!
Next: where did they live? By the bluest sea. I ask philologists: where? - “Well, by the sea. Right by the sea!” Not true. By the very BLUE sea. This is Pushkin's second code. As the old woman desires, she ceases to be “hers,” and the sea changes color. Remember? “The blue sea has become cloudy and black.” The sea stops being blue.
An old man lived with his old woman
By the bluest sea;
They lived in a dilapidated dugout
Exactly thirty years and three years.
The old man was catching fish with a net,
The old woman was spinning her yarn.
Once he threw a net into the sea -
A net arrived with nothing but mud.
Another time he cast a net -
A net came with sea grass.
For the third time he threw the net -
A net came with one fish,
With not just any fish—golden fish.
How the goldfish prays!
He says in a human voice:
“You, elder, let me go to sea!
Dear, I will give a ransom for myself:
I’ll pay you back with whatever you want.”
The old man was surprised and frightened:
He fished for thirty years and three years
And I never heard the fish speak.
He released the goldfish
And he said a kind word to her:
“God be with you, goldfish!
I don’t need your ransom;
Go to the blue sea,
Walk there in the open space."
The old man returned to the old woman,
He told her a great miracle:
“Today I caught a fish,
Goldfish, not an ordinary one;
In our opinion, the fish spoke,
I asked to go home to the blue sea,
Bought at a high price:
I bought whatever I wanted
I didn’t dare take a ransom from her;
So he let her into the blue sea.”
The old woman scolded the old man:
“You fool, you simpleton!
You didn’t know how to take ransom from a fish!
If only you could take the trough from her,
Ours is completely split.”
So he went to the blue sea;
He sees that the sea is a little rough.
A fish swam to him and asked:
“What do you want, elder?”
“Have mercy, lady fish,
My old woman scolded me,
The old man gives me no peace:
She needs a new trough;
Ours is completely split.”
The goldfish answers:
“Don’t be sad, go with God.
There will be a new trough for you."
The old man returned to the old woman,
The old woman has a new trough.
The old woman scolds even more:
“You fool, you simpleton!
You begged for a trough, you fool!
Is there a lot of self-interest in the trough?
Turn back, fool, you are going to the fish;
Bow to her and beg for a hut.”
So he went to the blue sea
(The blue sea has become cloudy).
He began to click on the goldfish.
“What do you want, elder?”
“Have mercy, lady fish!
The old woman scolds even more,
The old man gives me no peace:
A grumpy woman is asking for a hut.”
The goldfish answers:
“Don’t be sad, go with God,
So be it: you’ll have a hut.”
He went to his dugout,
And there is no trace of the dugout;
In front of him is a hut with a light,
With a brick, whitewashed pipe,
With oak, plank gates.
The old woman is sitting under the window,
What the world stands on scolds her husband:
“You are a fool, you are a simpleton!
The simpleton begged for a hut!
Turn back, bow to the fish:
I don't want to be a black peasant girl,
I want to be a pillar noblewoman.”
The old man went to the blue sea
(Restless blue sea).
He began to click on the goldfish.
A fish swam to him and asked:
“What do you want, elder?”
The old man answers her with a bow:
“Have mercy, lady fish!
The old woman became more foolish than ever,
The old man gives me no peace:
She doesn't want to be a peasant
She wants to be a high-ranking noblewoman.”
The goldfish answers:
“Don’t be sad, go with God.”
The old man returned to the old woman,
What does he see? High tower.
His old woman is standing on the porch
In an expensive sable jacket,
Brocade kitty on the crown,
Pearls weighed down the neck,
There are gold rings on my hands,
Red boots on her feet.
Before her are diligent servants;
She beats them and drags them by the chuprun.
The old man says to his old woman:
“Hello, madam noblewoman!
Tea, now your darling is happy.”
The old woman shouted at him,
She sent him to serve at the stables.
One week goes by, another goes by
The old woman became even more foolish;
Again he sends the old man to the fish:
“Turn back, bow to the fish:
I don't want to be a high-ranking noblewoman.
But I want to be a free queen.”
The old man got scared and prayed:
“What, woman, have you eaten too much henbane?
You can neither step nor speak.
You will make the whole kingdom laugh."
The old woman became even more angry,
She hit her husband on the cheek.
“How dare you, man, argue with me,
With me, a pillar noblewoman?
Go to the sea, they tell you with honor;
If you don’t go, they will lead you willy-nilly.”
The old man went to the sea
(The blue sea turned black).
He began to click on the goldfish.
A fish swam to him and asked:
“What do you want, elder?”
The old man answers her with a bow:
“Have mercy, lady fish!
My old woman is rebelling again:
She doesn't want to be a noblewoman,
She wants to be a free queen."
The goldfish answers:
“Don’t be sad, go with God!
Good! the old woman will be a queen!”
The old man returned to the old woman,
Well? before him are the royal chambers,
In the chambers he sees his old woman,
She sits at the table like a queen,
Boyars and nobles serve her,
They pour her foreign wines;
She eats printed gingerbread;
A formidable guard stands around her,
They hold axes on their shoulders.
When the old man saw it, he was scared!
He bowed to the old woman's feet,
He said: “Hello, formidable queen!
Well, is your darling happy now?”
The old woman did not look at him,
She just ordered him to be driven out of sight.
The boyars and nobles ran up,
The old man was pushed back.
And the guards ran up at the door,
Almost chopped me up with axes,
And the people laughed at him:
“Serves you right, you old ignoramus!
From now on, science for you, ignoramus:
Don’t sit in the wrong sleigh!”
One week goes by, another goes by
The old woman became even more furious:
The courtiers send for her husband.
They found the old man and brought him to her.
The old woman says to the old man:
“Turn back, bow to the fish.
I don't want to be a free queen,
I want to be the mistress of the sea,
So that I can live in the Okiyan-sea,
So that the goldfish may serve me
And she would be on my errands.”
The old man did not dare to contradict
I didn’t dare say a word.
Here he goes to the blue sea,
He sees a black storm at sea:
So the angry waves swelled,
That's how they walk and howl and howl.
He began to click on the goldfish.
A fish swam to him and asked:
“What do you want, elder?”
The old man answers her with a bow:
“Have mercy, lady fish!
What should I do with the damned woman?
She doesn't want to be a queen,
Wants to be the mistress of the sea:
So that she can live in the Okiyan-sea,
So that you yourself serve her
And I would have been on her errands.”
The fish didn't say anything
Just splashed her tail in the water
And went into the deep sea.
He waited for a long time by the sea for an answer,
He didn’t wait, he returned to the old woman
Lo and behold, there was a dugout in front of him again;
His old woman is sitting on the threshold,
And in front of her is a broken trough.
In the summer of 1831, A.S. Pushkin moved to live from Moscow to St. Petersburg - to Tsarskoe Selo, where he spent his teenage years. The poet settled in a modest village house with a balcony and mezzanine. On the mezzanine he set up a study for himself: there was a large round table, a sofa, and books on the shelves. From the windows of the office there was a picturesque view of the Tsarskoye Selo park.
The poet again found himself “in the circle of sweet memories.” In Tsarskoe Selo, after many years of separation, Pushkin met with the poet V.A. Zhukovsky. In the evenings, talking about art, they wandered around the lake for a long time... On one of these days, the poets decided to organize a competition to see who could best write a fairy tale in verse. V.A. Zhukovsky chose the fairy tale about Tsar Berendey, and Pushkin undertook to write a fairy tale about Tsar Saltan.
...That same evening, after a conversation with Zhukovsky, Pushkin began to write fairy tales. The work moved forward quickly. One after another, wonderful poetic lines fell on the paper:
Three maidens by the window
We spun late in the evening.
At the end of August, “The Tale of Tsar Saltan” was completed. Then the poet read it to his friends. According to unanimous opinion, the winner of this unusual tournament between two famous poets was Pushkin.
A few days later, as if inspired by the success of “Tsar Saltan,” the poet begins work on another fairy tale - “About the priest and his worker Balda.” This Pushkin fairy tale is cunning, there is a lot in it that is unsaid, unsaid, just like in those fairy tales that I heard in Mikhailovsky exile from passers-by...
During the days of working on “The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda,” Pushkin often mentally transported himself to his beloved Mikhailovskoe and recalled the noisy rural fairs that spread out under the walls of the Svyatogorsk Monastery. The fair is beautiful: everywhere you look there are carts with goods, booths, painted carousels spinning, swings fly up, laughter rings, songs are heard. And a little to the side, sitting right on the grass, wanderers and walkers tell wonderful stories and tales. The hero of these fairy tales is a clever, savvy peasant, and the one who is fooled is always the rich one - a merchant, landowner or priest.
It’s not a sin to leave a greedy and stupid priest in the cold. The priest does not sow, does not plow, but eats for seven and even laughs at the peasant, almost to his face calling him a fool...
That’s what Pushkin called his hero – Balda. This guy is no slouch, he'll fool the devil himself. Where a priest can compete with a smart peasant, it seems he will have to pay for his self-interest with his forehead. When the priest thinks about this, he breaks out in a cold sweat... It’s a good thing that the priest decided to send Balda to hell for the quitrent. But the priest rejoiced in vain; he still had to pay for his greed and stupidity...
Pushkin's "The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda" for a long time was not published. Only after the death of the poet, with the assistance of V.A. Zhukovsky, did she appear in one of the magazines.
In the autumn of 1833, in Boldino, Pushkin wrote his third wonderful fairy tale - “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish.” On September 30, 1833, an old road carriage drove into the wide courtyard of my grandfather’s house. In the three years that have passed since Pushkin’s first arrival in Boldino, nothing has changed here. The oak palisade surrounding the house still stood out menacingly, and the huge gates towered...
The poet spent six weeks in Boldino. Here he wrote two fairy tales - “The Tale of dead princess and the Seven Bogatyrs" and "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish."
The hero of Pushkin's "Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish" had little fun: the old man caught fish for thirty-three years, and only once luck smiled at him - he brought a goldfish with a net. And in fact, this fish turned out to be golden: it appeared from the fisherman and new house, and a new trough...
The finale of this philosophical tale everyone knows, of course...
A.S. Pushkin wrote five poetic fairy tales. Each of them is a treasury of poetry and wisdom.
B. Zabolotskikh
Archaeoastronomical interpretation of the tale by A.S. Pushkin
Text of the tale by A.S. Pushkin “About the Fisherman and the Fish”
An old man lived with his old woman
By the bluest sea;
They lived in a dilapidated dugout
Exactly thirty years and three years.
The old man was catching fish with a net,
The old woman was spinning her yarn.
Once he threw a net into the sea, -
A net arrived with nothing but mud.
Another time he cast a net,
A net came with sea grass.
For the third time he cast the net, -
A net came with one fish,
With a difficult fish - gold.
How the goldfish prays!
He says in a human voice:
You, elder, let me go to sea,
Dear, I will give a ransom for myself:
The old man was surprised and frightened:
He fished for thirty years and three years
And I never heard the fish speak.
He released the goldfish
And he said a kind word to her:
“God be with you, goldfish!
I don’t need your ransom;
Go to the blue sea,
Walk there in the open space."
The old man returned to the old woman,
He told her a great miracle.
“Today I caught a fish,
Goldfish, not an ordinary one;
In our opinion, the fish spoke,
I asked to go home to the blue sea,
Bought at a high price:
I bought whatever I wanted.
I did not dare take ransom from her;
So he let her into the blue sea.”
The old woman scolded the old man:
“You fool, you simpleton!
You didn’t know how to take ransom from a fish!
If only you could take the trough from her,
So he went to the blue sea;
He sees that the sea is playing up a little.
A fish swam to him and asked:
“Have mercy, lady fish,
My old woman scolded me,
The old man gives me no peace:
She needs a new trough;
Ours is completely split.”
The goldfish answers:
There will be a new trough for you."
The old man returned to the old woman,
The old woman has a new trough.
The old woman scolds even more:
“You fool, you simpleton!
You begged for a trough, you fool!
Is there a lot of self-interest in the trough?
Turn back, fool, you are going to the fish;
Bow to her beg for a hut».
So he went to the blue sea
(The blue sea has become cloudy).
He began to click on the goldfish,
“What do you want, elder?”
The old woman scolds even more,
The old man gives me no peace:
A grumpy woman is asking for a hut.”
The goldfish answers:
“Don’t be sad, go with God,
So be it: you’ll have a hut.”
He went to his dugout,
And there is no trace of the dugout;
In front of him is a hut with a light,
With a brick, whitewashed pipe,
With oak, plank gates.
The old woman is sitting under the window,
For what it's worth, she scolds her husband.
“You are a fool, you are a simpleton!
The simpleton begged for a hut!
Turn back, bow to the fish:
I don't want to be a black peasant girl
The old man went to the blue sea;
(The blue sea is not calm.)
A fish swam to him and asked:
“What do you want, elder?”
The old man answers her with a bow:
“Have mercy, lady fish!
The old woman became more foolish than ever,
The old man gives me no peace:
She doesn't want to be a peasant
She wants to be a high-ranking noblewoman.”
The goldfish answers:
“Don’t be sad, go with God.”
The old man returned to the old woman.
What does he see? High tower.
His old woman is standing on the porch
In an expensive sable jacket,
Brocade kitty on the crown,
Pearls weighed down the neck,
There are gold rings on my hands,
Red boots on her feet.
Before her are diligent servants;
She beats them and drags them by the chuprun.
The old man says to his old woman:
“Hello, madam, noblewoman!
Tea, now your darling is happy.”
The old woman shouted at him,
One week goes by, another goes by
Again he sends the old man to the fish.
“Turn back, bow to the fish:
I don't want to be a pillar noblewoman,
But I want to be a free queen.”
The old man got scared and prayed:
“What, woman, have you eaten too much henbane?
You can neither step nor speak,
You will make the whole kingdom laugh."
The old woman became even more angry,
She hit her husband on the cheek.
“How dare you, man, argue with me,
With me, a pillar noblewoman? -
Go to the sea, they tell you with honor,
If you don’t go, they will lead you willy-nilly.”
The old man went to the sea,
(The blue sea has turned black.)
He began to click on the goldfish.
A fish swam to him and asked:
“What do you want, elder?”
The old man answers her with a bow:
“Have mercy, lady fish!
My old woman is rebelling again:
She doesn't want to be a noblewoman,
She wants to be a free queen."
The goldfish answers:
“Don’t be sad, go with God!
Good! the old woman will be a queen!”
The old man returned to the old woman.
Well? before him are the royal chambers.
In the chambers he sees his old woman,
She sits at the table like a queen,
Boyars and nobles serve her,
They pour her foreign wines;
She eats printed gingerbread;
A formidable guard stands around her,
They hold axes on their shoulders.
When the old man saw it, he was scared!
He bowed to the old woman's feet,
He said: “Hello, formidable queen!
Well, now your darling is happy.”
The old woman did not look at him,
She just ordered him to be driven out of sight.
The boyars and nobles ran up,
They pushed the old man backwards.
And the guards ran up at the door,
Almost chopped her up with axes.
And the people laughed at him:
“Serves you right, you old ignoramus!
From now on, science for you, ignoramus:
Don’t sit in the wrong sleigh!”
One week goes by, another goes by
The old woman became even more furious:
The courtiers send for her husband,
They found the old man and brought him to her.
The old woman says to the old man:
“Turn back, bow to the fish.
I don't want to be a free queen,
I want to be the mistress of the sea,
So that I can live in Okiyan-Sea,
So that the goldfish may serve me
And she would be on my errands.”
The old man did not dare to contradict
I didn’t dare to say a word.
Here he goes to the blue sea,
He sees a black storm at sea:
So the angry waves swelled,
That's how they walk and howl and howl.
He began to click on the goldfish.
A fish swam to him and asked:
“What do you want, elder?”
The old man answers her with a bow:
“Have mercy, lady fish!
What should I do with the damned woman?
She doesn't want to be a queen,
Wants to be the mistress of the sea;
So that she can live in Okiyan-sea,
So that you yourself serve her
And I would have been on her errands.”
The fish didn't say anything
And went into the deep sea.
He waited for a long time by the sea for an answer,
He didn’t wait, he returned to the old woman -
Lo and behold, there was a dugout in front of him again;
His old woman is sitting on the threshold,
And in front of her is a broken trough.
The fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it - a lesson for good fellows! Only modern Christians see a moral hint, but the ancient pagans also felt a cosmological hint. Let's try to understand how the fairy tale was experienced by those who created it and those for whom they worked. Let's start right away.
The Old Man and the Old Woman in the fairy tale “About the Fisherman and the Fish,” as in many other fairy tales, are the Sun and the Moon. Blue ocean - starry sky- and, even more precisely, the Zodiac belt. Thirty years and three years are the essence of 33° of the ecliptic. These are the universal rules of allegorical mythology. Counting degrees from the “north point” of the Eternal Zodiac. Counting 33° from it, we find ourselves at the very beginning of Capricorn. Here is the New Year's point of the story era. For the words “years” and “years” were spoken.
The Old Man throws the net three times. Three throws is three calendar months. Their names are encrypted in the names of objects that end up in an empty net: mud and sea grass.
- March - dry(zimobor, protalnik, rookery)
- April- berezozol(snowdrift, caddisfly, primrose)
- May - herbal(jarets, herbalist, pollen)
- June - isok(colorful, hoarding, grain growing)
- July - cherven(sufferer, haymaker, formidable)
- August - glow(thick beetle, pickle, stubble)
- September - howler(gloom, veresen, zarevnik)
- October - leaf fall(dirtbag, wedding party, leaf buster)
- november - chesten(semi-winter road, off-road, leafy)
- December - icy(windy winter, jelly, cold)
- January - prosinets(perezimye, fierce, crackling)
- February - section(blizzard, bokogray, snowfall)
Old months and new months do not have the same boundaries. The diversity in boundaries is caused by the transition from the pagan calendar to the Christian church (Julian) calendar. The transition happened in different Slavic peoples at different times.
IN pagan calendar The months were counted so that their boundaries coincided with the solstices and equinoxes. New Year then started with spring equinox. While in the modern Christian calendar, the New Year begins 10 - 11 days after the solstice. This day is called January 1, and the counting of the month begins with it.
That's why Traven is both April and May. In the “new pagan” calendar it is considered from April 17 to May 14. More accurate and correct for ancient era the month should be determined as follows: - the month of Traven occurs between Yaril Veshny (April 23), or Lelnik, later called St. George's Day (April 21), and Yaril Mokry (May 22). Sea grass in Grandfather's net is the month of Grass.
In this case, and the month of “sea mud”, that is, the month of spring mud, should be understood as March and April, more precisely from March 22 (vernal equinox, Larks, Avsen- first day of the month, the beginning of spring!) until April 23 (Yarila Veshny). This is the first month of astronomical spring.
Consequently, Grandfather’s third attempt, which was crowned with success, that is, with the capture “goldfish”, this is the third month of spring. It happened from May 22 (Yarila Mokry) to June 22 ( summer solstice, Snake day - the day of snake weddings).
Surely the “goldfish” is the middle of the month. Surely, because the “golden” color or “golden” material in astronomical allegory is always associated with the summer solstice. And this is also a universal rule of allegorical cosmology. But the “goldfish” itself is undoubtedly the asterism Western Pisces in the modern zodiac constellation Pisces. The zodiacal constellation in ancient times was the Horse, and Western Pisces, like an asterism zodiac Pisces, close to the ecliptic, was very suitable for the plot.
If the point of the summer solstice passed by the Western Fish asterism, then, according to the law of mythology, it should have died. Grandfather would have to eat this fish. But she “begged and spoke in a human voice.” Did grandfather take pity? Why? Because he was a kind and decent person? Surely so! And there is no doubt about this. But the reason is different - that the summer solstice point is moving towards reverse side(counterclockwise), and just enters Western Pisces - it still has about 15° of the ecliptic left to go there - the summer point will still move along the “goldfish” 1080 years.
The time has come to decide on the cross of seasons and the dating of the era when the plot was created. At this point, it was possible to understand that the point of the summer solstice is located next to the Western Pisces asterism (at the same level as it). Therefore, the New Year's point at the beginning of Capricorn or 33° from the “point of north” of the Eternal Zodiac can only be the spring equinox. There is no need to prove that between these two points lies exactly 75° of the ecliptic or 2.5 signs of the Zodiac. Azimuth of the summer solstice point and the entire solstice axis - 108° (33° + 75° = 108°). Remarkable result - 108 great magic number!
When the Old Man had been fishing not for 33 years, but for exactly 30, and the azimuth was 105° and not 108°, then the axis of the solstices would coincide with the axis of the same name of the great era of the “Creation of the World”.
105° × 71.613286 = 7520 years ago or 5520 BC
When the Celestial Pole was on the same axis, but with opposite side its trajectory, then in mythology it happened most important event, namely, full awareness and adequate understanding of precession as a secular celestial movement. IN Greek mythology this event is called the "victory of Zeus in the Titanomachy." But in the fairy tale by A.S. For Pushkin, this is much easier to experience - only Grandfather caught the “Golden Fish”. The epoch is calculated as follows:
180° + 105° = 285°
285° × 71.613286 = 20410 years ago = 18,410 BC
However, the azimuth of the solstice axis in front of the Golden Fish 108°, not 105°. A difference of 3° is expressed in years as 214.8 years or, for good measure, 216 years. Behind 216 years before the victory of Zeus or for 216 years before the “Creation of the World”. And again the great magic number! And again a wonderful result! And this magical axis is good because it passes through the star Arcturus in the constellation Bootes, taking into account its own movement.
The autumnal equinox point of the discovered cross of the seasons is simply found:
108° + 75° = 183°
183° from the north point of the Eternal Zodiac falls at the beginning of the sign Gemini. Just 3° (in the same 216 years) from the south point of the Eternal Zodiac.
Dot winter solstice- in the middle of the sign Virgo - 288°. And another great magic number!
Having understood these astronomical and cosmological foundations of the plot of the fairy tale, you can go even further and trace the movement of the Sun in the annual movement from the beginning of spring (from the New Year), and during three months spring. The matter here is complicated by the fact that the speed of movement of the daylight increases noticeably from month to month.
For the first month of spring mud(30 days) The Sun will pass along the ecliptic 27° and reach the border of the signs Capricorn and Aquarius of the Eternal Zodiac.
During the second month of spring, month of grass(30 days) The Sun will travel another 25° along the ecliptic and will be level with the triangular head of Pegasus (ε, θ and ζ Pegasus), which can, with imagination, be mistaken for a wooden Broken Trough.
During the third month of spring (30 days), the Sun will travel another 23° and end up at the summer solstice point. The general path is 75°. On the outer side of the ecliptic there is a “Golden Fish”, and on the inside ecliptic - Pegasus Square, which will perfectly cope with the role Dilapidated Zemlyanka.
The plot continues with three orders from Grandma: a new trough, a new hut and nobility. Orders follow one after another without interruption. These events should be understood together as close interaction between the Sun and the Moon, which is possible only during the new moon. New moon on the summer solstice. Amazing! From the last crescent of the Moon in the morning dawn to neomenia (the first crescent new moon) just three days pass. The moon is not visible for three days. Consequently, the trough and the hut, as specific objects, belong to the period of the invisible Moon, and the nobility, as a status concept, is already neomenia.
The beginning of the new moon (first day) takes place at a distance of 20° from the Sun (summer solstice point). Here, on the inner side of the ecliptic, there is the “head of a horse,” that is, the Broken Trough. It, at the request of Grandma Luna, becomes New Koryt. And on the new moon itself, the Old Dugout (Pegasus Square) becomes narrower New Izba with a light. In another 20°, the Moon will leave the constellation Pisces, neomenia will happen to her, and she will receive noble status.
And here's another thing:
« I don't want to be a black peasant girl
I want to be a pillar noblewoman.”
Here, it seems, everything is simple and clear! However, the correct expression was “black-growing peasants,” that is, peasants on state land. One might think that Pushkin also used, instead of the competent expression “black-haired peasant woman,” the vulgar slogan “ black peasant woman" However, the place in the sky in which the events of the fairy tale’s plot take place is also called the “black island.” It ends just under the Pleiades, near the point of the autumn equinox. The transition to the equinox point is associated with the intersection of the main meridian of the Eternal Zodiac, the main “pillar” of the coordinate system. So an expression can live in two contexts at the same time. But it is more productive to interpret this expression as a designation of invisibility (blackness), and visibility in the form of a sickle and a disk (noble class).
The astronomy of the Moon is such that if the new moon occurs on the summer solstice, then the first quarter of it occurs in the vicinity of the autumn equinox, the full moon - in the region of the winter solstice, and last quarter- quite close to the vernal equinox. In this case, a week passes between adjacent phases of the Moon, and a full circle lasts a month.
At the same time, the Sun moves away from the point of the summer solstice by 23° in a month, and reaches an important place on the ecliptic in the sign of Aries, which is now called the Christian “zero of Aries” (0° Aries). When the point of the vernal equinox was in this place of the ecliptic, then Christ was born - the era of the beginning new era. Here ends (ends for the movement of the Sun and Moon, and begins for the movement of the points of the season in precession) the zodiac constellation Pisces (ecliptic longitude of the star α Pisces). At this time, Grandfather’s power over the “goldfish” ceases, and the end of the fairy tale comes:
The fish didn't say anything
Just splashed her tail in the water
And went into the deep sea.
Further (after neomenia) the plot follows two orders from Grandma, following at long intervals of one to two weeks (“one week, another goes by”). This interval is the most important place in the tale. The phases of the moon alternate every other week. The cycle lasts 4 weeks. Half a cycle, 2 weeks - from the new moon phase to the full moon phase. The full moon itself visually also lasts about 3 days.
The fulfillment of nobility is a phase of the moon called neomenia. Moon with a crescent - the state of the noble class (nobility, kingdom). Moon without a crescent (new moon) - black peasantry. After this desire is fulfilled, the Moon moves away from the Sun by 75°, but also by a right angle (in the cross of the seasons). This is called squaring. Quadrature is always understood as attack and aggression. Quadrature is enmity. This is why Grandmother is so unfriendly to Grandfather:
The old woman shouted at him,
She sent him to serve at the stables.
After the first quarter, a full moon will certainly occur in a week. The Full Moon in Virgo is as strong as the Summer Solstice in Pegasus Square (in Pisces). The ancient house of the mistress of the lunar, left, female, wild and witchcraft half of the Zodiac (the left bank of the celestial river Milky Way) has always been in Virgo. And the house of the owner of the right, male, solar, cultural, rational half of the Zodiac (the right bank of the celestial river Milky Way) has always been in the Pegasus Square. The grandmother very justifiably and naturally lays claim to royal power.
“I don’t want to be a pillar noblewoman,
But I want to be a free queen.”
However, the full moon is also the opposition of the Sun and Moon. The opposition aspect is cruel - the aspect is murderous. The grandfather remained to live, but he suffered beyond all measure, and completely innocently.
The old woman did not look at him,
She just ordered him to be driven out of sight.
The boyars and nobles ran up,
They pushed the old man backwards.
And the guards ran up at the door,
Almost chopped her up with axes.
And the people laughed at him:
“Serves you right, you old ignoramus!
From now on, science for you, ignoramus:
Don’t sit in the wrong sleigh!”
After a week or two, Grandfather-Moon sends Grandfather-Sun with the last task to the “goldfish”.
The full moon passes quickly (visually - three nights, but the moment itself is very short) and the last quarter begins (after passing the vernal equinox). And then, at the end of the second week, that is, on the 27-28th day of the cycle, the Moon returns to the previous point of the summer solstice. She has the last sickle left at the dawn of the rising Sun (the end of the state of the noble class). At this critical moment a strange and impossible desire arises:
“I don’t want to be a free queen,
I want to be the mistress of the sea,
So that I can live in Okiyan-Sea,
So that the goldfish may serve me
And she would be on my errands.”
Members of the solar family (Sun, Moon and five visible planets) have their own heavenly nature, fundamentally different from the nature of constellations and individual stars (members of the celestial Dragon family). The moon cannot become zodiac constellation or asterism. This is unnatural. In addition, the power of Grandfather Sun over the “goldfish” ends. One can even assume that the Moon wants to become the Sun itself. And this is impossible by definition.
But the Moon’s mistake is different - it does not take into account the Sun’s own movement among the stars. In 4 weeks, it moved 22° from the place of the previous meeting, that is, the point of the summer solstice, and reached the border of the constellation Pisces.
It turns out that the miracle is performed by the Sun, and not by the “goldfish”. But the Sun becomes a magician only at a short time, within one month, and only because the summer solstice happens to him at the “magic” azimuth 108°. To receive magical gifts, you need to be at the right time and in the right place. in the right place!
Well, then the Moon disappears (it is invisible in the sky) and approaches the Sun at close quarters new moon A connection happens. This new moon is already in Aries, and not in Pisces, and it is no longer “golden”. Grandfather, returning from the stormy sea, finds Grandma in an interesting, but simple and natural position:
Lo and behold, there was a dugout in front of him again;
His old woman is sitting on the threshold,
And in front of her is a broken trough.
Who among us has not been familiar with “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish” since childhood? Some people read it as a child, others first became acquainted with it after seeing a cartoon on TV. The plot of the work is undoubtedly familiar to everyone. But not many people know about how and when it was written. It is about the creation, origins and characters of this work that we will talk in our article. We will also consider modern adaptations of the fairy tale.
Who wrote the fairy tale about and when?
The fairy tale was written by the great Russian poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in the village of Boldino on October 14, 1833. This period in the writer’s work is usually called the second Boldin autumn. The work was first published in 1835 on the pages of the magazine “Library for Reading”. At the same time, Pushkin created another famous work - “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights.”
History of creation
Even in his early days, A. S. Pushkin began to be interested in folk art. The tales he heard in his cradle from his beloved nanny remained in his memory for the rest of his life. In addition, later, already in the 20s of the 19th century, the poet studied folklore in the village of Mikhailovskoye. It was then that ideas for future fairy tales began to appear.
However, Pushkin turned directly to folk stories only in the 30s. He began to try his hand at creating fairy tales. One of them was the fairy tale about the goldfish. In this work, the poet tried to show the nationality of Russian literature.
For whom did A. S. Pushkin write fairy tales?
Pushkin wrote fairy tales at the peak of his creativity. And initially they were not intended for children, although they immediately became part of their reading circle. The tale of the goldfish is not just fun for children with a moral at the end. This is, first of all, an example of creativity, traditions and beliefs of the Russian people.
However, the plot of the tale itself is not an exact retelling of folk works. In fact, little of Russian folklore was reflected in it. Many researchers claim that most of The poet's fairy tales, including the tale of the goldfish (the text of the work confirms this), were borrowed from German fairy tales collected by the Brothers Grimm.
Pushkin chose the plot he liked, remade it at his discretion and clothed it in poetic form, without caring how authentic the stories are. However, the poet managed to convey, if not the plot, then the spirit and character of the Russian people.
Images of the main characters
The fairy tale about the goldfish is not rich in characters - there are only three of them, but this is enough for an exciting and instructive plot.
The images of the old man and the old woman are diametrically opposed, and their views on life are completely different. They are both poor, but they reflect different aspects of poverty. So, the old man is always selfless and ready to help in trouble, because he himself has been in the same position more than once and knows what grief is. He is kind and calm, even when he is lucky, he does not take advantage of the fish’s offer, but simply lets it go free.
The old woman, despite the same social status, arrogant, cruel and greedy. She pushes the old man around, harasses him, constantly scolds him and is always dissatisfied with everything. For this she will be punished at the end of the fairy tale, left with nothing.
However, the old man does not receive any reward, because he is unable to resist the will of the old woman. For his humility he did not deserve better life. Here Pushkin describes one of the main features of the Russian people - long-suffering. It is precisely this that does not allow us to live better and more peacefully.
The image of the fish is incredibly poetic and saturated folk wisdom. She acts as higher power, which for the time being is ready to fulfill wishes. However, her patience is not unlimited.
The tale about the old man and the goldfish begins with a description of the blue sea, near the shore of which an old man and an old woman have been living in a dugout for 33 years. They live very poorly and the only thing that feeds them is the sea.
One day an old man goes fishing. He casts the net twice, but both times it brings only sea mud. The third time the old man is lucky - a goldfish gets caught in his net. She speaks in a human voice and asks to let her go, promising to make her wish come true. The old man did not ask the fish for anything, but simply let it go.
Returning home, he told everything to his wife. The old woman began to scold him and told him to go back and ask the fish for a new trough. The old man went and bowed to the fish, and the old woman received what she asked for.
But this was not enough for her. She demanded a new home. The fish granted this wish too. Then the old woman wanted to become a noblewoman. The old man went to the fish again, and again she fulfilled her wish. The fisherman himself was sent by his evil wife to work in the stable.
But this was not enough. The old woman ordered her husband to go again to the sea and ask to make her queen. This wish also came true. But this did not satisfy the old woman’s greed. She again called the old man to her and ordered him to ask the fish to make her the queen of the sea, and she herself would serve on her errands.
The fisherman conveyed his wife’s words. But the fish didn’t answer, it just splashed its tail and swam away. depths of the sea. He stood by the sea for a long time, waiting for an answer. But the fish did not appear again, and the old man returned home. And there an old woman was waiting for him with a broken trough, sitting by an old dugout.
Plot Source
As noted above, the fairy tale about the fisherman and the goldfish has its roots not only in Russian, but also in foreign folklore. Thus, the plot of this work is often compared to the fairy tale “The Greedy Old Woman,” which was included in the collection of the Brothers Grimm. However, this similarity is very distant. The German authors focused all their attention in the tale on the moral conclusion - greed does not lead to good, you need to be able to be content with what you have.
The action also takes place on the seashore, but instead of a goldfish, the role of wish-granter is played by a flounder, which later turns out to also be an enchanted prince. Pushkin replaced this image with a goldfish, symbolizing wealth and good luck in Russian culture.
The tale of the goldfish in a new way
Today you can find many adaptations of this tale in a new way. They are characterized by a change in time. That is, from antiquity the main characters are transferred to modern world, where there is also a lot of poverty and injustice. The moment of catching a goldfish remains unchanged, just like the magical heroine herself. But the old woman’s desires change. Now she already needs an Indesit car, new boots, a villa, a Ford. She wishes to be blonde with long legs.
In some adaptations, the end of the story also changes. A fairy tale may end with a happy family life of an old man and an old woman, 40 years younger. However, such an end is rather the exception than the rule. Usually the ending is either close to the original or tells about the death of an old man or woman.
conclusions
Thus, the fairy tale about the goldfish still lives and remains relevant. This is confirmed by her many alterations. Sounding in a new way gives her new life, however, the problems laid down by Pushkin remain unchanged even in alterations.
These new versions tell all about the same heroes, the same greedy old woman, and a submissive old man, and a wish-fulfilling fish, which speaks of the incredible skill and talent of Pushkin, who managed to write a work that remains relevant after almost two centuries.