In what year was the International Olympic Committee created? History of the emergence of international organizations In what year was the international organization created?

In the system of international relations, interstate relations play a major role, since the state is the only subject that has sovereignty, but, as already indicated above, in modern world There has been a tendency to expand the number of participants in international relations. International organizations are becoming increasingly important actors.

The history of creation international organizations originates in Ancient Greece, where in the 6th century. BC. The first permanent international associations were created, such as the Lacedaemonian and Delian symmacia (unions of cities and communities). Already on at this stage Symmakia and Amphictyony had a fairly clear internal structure. Supreme body they had a general meeting, which met in the first - once a year, in the second - twice a year. The decisions of the general meeting were binding on all members of the union and were adopted by a simple majority of votes.

With the development of international economic ties a mechanism of international unions to coordinate the activities of states in special areas. The first such union (in the Middle Ages) to unite North German cities was the Hanseatic Trade League.

The further development of international relations led to the expansion and complexity of international communication between states. Needs economic development dictated the need for international regulation of a number of new areas interstate relations. Such new form general administrative unions or, as they were called, unions became. Initially, such unions on the basis of a permanent organization began to take shape in the field of customs relations. These were associations of independent states on the basis of an agreement concluded between them to create joint bodies customs regulation in the customs territories of the participating countries.

International cooperation of states based on permanent organizations subsequently found its continuation and development in the field of transport. The beginning was cooperation in the field of navigation on international rivers within the framework of international commissions created for these purposes. For example, the Rhine Navigation Regulations (1831) and the Rhine Navigation Act (1868), which replaced it, created such a first commission; each of the coastal states appointed one representative who formed the Central Commission.

Since the 60s In the 19th century, international intergovernmental organizations began to emerge: the International Union for Land Measurement (1864), the Universal Telegraph Union (1865), the Universal Postal Union (1874), the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (1875), the International Union for the Protection of Industrial Property ( 1883), International Union for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Property (1886), International Anti-Slave Union (1890), International Union for the Publication of Customs Tariffs (1890), International Union of Railway Goods Communications (1890). A characteristic feature of all these unions was that they had (and have) permanent bodies. Governing bodies they were, as a rule, conferences (congresses), and the executive permanent bodies were bureaus or commissions.

The second half of the 19th century was marked by the intensification of international economic, scientific, and technical ties between states. This marked new stage in the development and complexity of such forms of international organizational relations as international conferences and congresses. In general, this form of interstate communication has been known since ancient times. Medieval history gives many examples of congresses of sovereigns in Germany and other countries Western Europe, V Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America.

When on turn of the 19th century and the 20th century, the threat of war became obvious, military-political coalitions began to be created between the largest states of Europe. Gradually, the number of states participating in such coalitions grew - large states drew small states into their ranks as their supporters. This system of military-political blocs can be clearly seen in the two that formed by 1914. blocs: Russia, France, Great Britain, on the one hand, Austria and the Ottoman Empire, on the other. An attempt to create an international security organization by convening the Hague dates back to this period. peace conferences in 1899 and 1907 The result of the convening of these conferences was the establishment of the Court of Arbitration in The Hague. However, arbitration was unable to prevent what the course of development in Europe and the whole world had been heading towards for the last 100 years.

The first historically new form of organization of international relations was the League of Nations, which arose after the First World War. This was an attempt to create an international intergovernmental organization of a political nature on a permanent basis.

Since 1915 Projects for the creation of international peace and security organizations began to be put forward: the project of the “United States of Europe” or the “Society of Nations”. The slogans of these projects, taking into account the military situation, were: 1) ending the war; 2) streamlining working conditions and the procedure for resolving conflicts between labor and capital on an international scale; 3) elimination of the unequal position of colonial peoples. These projects, to a greater or lesser extent, formed the basis of the Statute of the League of Nations.

The creation of the League is the first attempt to establish a universal international organization for the maintenance of peace and security, as well as the first attempt to create a universal mechanism for this. The League of Nations declared its goal to ensure universal peace and promote international cooperation states But, besides this, it was endowed with other functions. For example, it was entrusted with control over colonial mandates, protection of national minorities, and registration of international treaties.

The first members of the League of Nations were 26 sovereign states and 4 dominions that participated in the First World War. The second group of countries consisted of 13 “invited” states that did not participate in the war. Despite the fact that the League of Nations was created practically on the basis of the American project, the United States did not take part in the work of this organization, since the American Senate did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles, and thereby the Statute of the League.

The main bodies of the League were the Meeting of all representatives of the League members (Assembly), the Council and the Permanent Secretariat.

In 1926 After the Treaty of Locarno, Germany joined the League of Nations. This fact gave rise to a lot of disagreements within the organization, which ended in 1933. statement on the withdrawal of two states - Japan and Germany. The Soviet Union joined the League on September 15, 1934. on the initiative of French diplomacy, this initiative was supported by 30 member states of the League of Nations. However, upon joining, the USSR dissociated itself from a number of decisions previously made by the League of Nations, for example, the Soviet government declared a negative attitude towards the system of colonial mandates, and emphasized that it considered the lack of recognition of the equality of all races and nations to be a serious gap.

The League of Nations was legally liquidated only on April 18, 1946, but in fact it ceased its activities back in September 1939.

In accordance with Treaty of Versailles 1919 those of the former German colonies that, after the First World War, did not fall directly into the hands of the victorious powers, came at the disposal of the League of Nations, and the Arab lands of the former Turkish Empire - Syria, Palestine, Trans-Jordan, Iraq - also came into its disposal. All these territories were transferred by the League of Nations to the management of individual victorious states in accordance with special treaties - mandates, in the absence of the first opportunity and tools, to manage these colonies. Control over the implementation of mandates by the organization was purely formal and in fact, the colonies of Germany and Turkey were simply divided among the victors, like those that were directly conquered during the war.

And in general, if we talk about the activities of the League of Nations, from the very beginning it was more of a pan-European rather than a truly international organization. It failed to cope with its statutory task related to a peaceful settlement international conflicts. She could not prevent the Second World War, as well as the attack of Japan on China, Italy on Ethiopia and Spain, and Germany on Austria and Czechoslovakia.

However, despite all the shortcomings, the League Statute was a remarkable document for its time. Its articles on the limitation of armaments, the settlement of disputes in court or by appeal to the Permanent Court international justice, on mutual guarantee of territorial integrity, on measures to maintain peace, on sanctions against a state that has resorted to war in violation of obligations under the Statute of the League of Nations, on ensuring compliance with international treaties and norms international law, on the obligatory cooperation of member states were an innovation at that time. These provisions were subsequently borrowed and developed in the UN Charter. Both positive and negative experiences did not pass without a trace; relevant lessons were learned from them when creating the UN, the most important of which was the understanding of the need for closer cooperation even among very different states within the framework of an international organization.

1.1 History of the creation of international organizations

It is interesting to note that “knowledge” about international organizations appeared long before their introduction into international relations.

Dreams of this form of organization of human society can be found in the works of many scientists and politicians of the past. Over five hundred years (1300-1800), up to 30 projects of international organizations were drawn up aimed at ensuring international security, and at the beginning of the twentieth century more than 80 such projects appeared. Among the first to propose the creation of an international organization called the “Union of Humanity” was the Roman writer, statesman and orator Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 – 43 BC). In his opinion, the main goal of this union would be the struggle for peace and the prevention of war.

In Ancient Greece, in the 6th century BC, the first permanent international associations appeared. They were created in the form of unions of cities and communities (for example, the Lacedimian and Delian Symmachia), as well as religious and political unions between tribes and cities (for example, the Delphic-Thermopylae amphictyony). Such associations were prototypes of future international organizations. F.F. Martens in his work “Modern International Law of Civilized Nations” wrote that “although these unions were caused specifically by religious goals, they had an effect in general on relations between Greek states: like other social factors, they brought peoples closer together and softened their isolation."

Among Russian educators, Vasily Fedorovich Malinovsky (1765 -1814) gained wide popularity in 1803 thanks to his work “Discourses on Peace and War.” In this work, he put forward the idea of ​​organizing world union peoples, which would resolve international disputes “according to the established order,” which would make it possible to avoid wars. In the mid-nineteenth century, the first international intergovernmental organizations appeared. The emergence of these organizations was caused by two mutually exclusive reasons. Firstly, the formation as a result of bourgeois-democratic revolutions of sovereign states striving for national independence, and, secondly, the successes of the scientific and technological revolution, which gave rise to a tendency towards interdependence and interconnectedness of states.

Scientific and technological progress has led to the fact that integration processes have penetrated into the economies of all developed countries Europe and caused a comprehensive connection and interdependence of nations on each other. The need to reconcile these two opposing trends - the desire to develop within sovereign state and the impossibility of doing this without extensive cooperation with others independent states– and led to the emergence of such a form of interstate relations as international intergovernmental organizations. The latter, in turn, evolved to distance themselves from nation states, to formalize the status of independent subjects of international law.

The question of the emergence of the first international organization is still controversial; the Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine, which arose in 1815, is most often referred to as such. It was established by special articles of the Final General Act of the Congress of Vienna, which was signed on July 9, 1815. These articles prescribed the establishment international rules navigation and collection of duties along the rivers Rhine, Moselle, Meuse and Scheldt, which served as the border of states or flowed through the possessions of several states. Experts in the field of international relations distinguish three stages in the development of international organizations. The first is the second half of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century. It was a time of rapid development of science and technology, which gave rise to such international organizations as the International Union for Earth Measurement (1864), the Universal Telegraph Union (1865), the Universal Postal Union (1874), the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (1875). year), International Union for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Property (1886), International Union of Railway Goods (1890). All of these organizations had their own permanent bodies, permanent members, as well as headquarters. Their powers were limited only to discussing specialized problems.

From the middle of the 19th century until the beginning of the First World War, the number of international organizations, the main registration of which is maintained by the Union, increased. international associations, established in Brussels in 1909. He coordinated the activities of international organizations and collected information on general issues their activities.

The second period of development of international organizations was the 20s of the 20th century – the beginning of the Second World War. First World War delayed the development of international organizations and led to the dissolution of many of them. At the same time, awareness of the destructiveness of world wars for the development of human civilization stimulated the emergence of projects for the creation of international organizations of political orientation in order to prevent wars. One of these projects formed the basis of the League of Nations, created in 1919. The main bodies of the League of Nations were the Assembly of all representatives of the members of this organization, the Council and the permanent secretariat.

Its main task was to maintain peace and prevent new wars. The League of Nations recognized that any war “is of interest to the League as a whole” and it must take all measures to maintain stability in the world community. The Council of the League of Nations could be convened at the immediate request of any of its members. When a conflict arose between members of the League of Nations, the dispute was resolved either in arbitration or in the Council. If any of the League members started a war contrary to their obligations, then the remaining participants had to immediately cease all financial and trade relations with him. The Council, in turn, invited the various interested governments to contribute troops to maintain respect for the obligations of the League.

The founding act on the basis of which the League of Nations operated was the charter. It was he who provided for the need to limit national armed conflicts and reduce them to the minimum necessary to ensure national security.

But, according to experts, namely I.I. Lukashuk, the League of Nations was unable to cope with its main task: maintaining peace and peaceful resolution of international conflicts. Those disagreements that arose between the members of the League resulted in failure to fulfill their obligations. She could not prevent the Second World War, as well as the attack of Japan on China, Italy on Ethiopia, Germany on Austria and Czechoslovakia, and Italy on Spain. On April 18, 1946, the League of Nations was liquidated, since it did not fulfill its functions and at this point historical stage ceased to exist. The third stage refers to the period after the end of World War II, when in 1945 the first universal international organization appeared - the United Nations (hereinafter referred to as the UN).

In general, during the period from the First to the Second World War, the development of problems of organizing international peace and security moved at an extremely slow pace, but one could observe a tendency to expand the role of international organizations in the development of international law. S.B. Krylov wrote that “while the functioning of international law was previously based mainly on the actions of states, then modern stage it relies heavily on organizations such as the UN and specialized institutions which are grouped around the UN.” The Second World War, due to its scale, gave a powerful impetus to government and public initiatives in many countries to develop problems of post-war organization of peace and security. The need to create an international security organization appeared already from the first days of the war, since simultaneously with the military efforts aimed at winning the war, the member states of the anti-Hitler coalition were also developing principles and plans for the future world organization. The UN was distinguished from pre-existing organizations by its pronounced political character, manifested in its orientation towards issues of peace and security, and by its extremely broad competence in all areas of interstate cooperation. After the adoption of the UN Charter, a new era began in the development of international organizations. Great value The UN as a guarantor of international peace and security is emphasized in their works by both domestic and foreign international lawyers.

Speaking at the 58th session of the UN General Assembly, the President Russian Federation V.V. Putin emphasized that “the structure and functions of the UN were formed in a predominantly different international environment; time has only confirmed their universal significance. And UN instruments are not only in demand today, but as life itself shows, in key cases they are simply irreplaceable.” The current stage of development of international relations is characterized by a noticeable increase in the activity of international organizations. For example, over the past two centuries their total number has more than doubled. In total, according to the Union of International Associations, in 2005 there were more than 6,300 international organizations in the world. According to scientists, if we take into account all the structures associated with international activities (charities, conferences), then their total number will reach about 50 thousand. Modern international organizations reflect the unity of cooperation among many peoples and nations. They are characterized by further development competencies and increasing complexity of their structures. Availability large number organizations, as well as the specifics of each of them, allow us to conclude that a system of international organizations has been formed, the center of which is the UN.

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Plan.

Introduction pp.2-3

Chapter 1. History of the creation of international organizations. Kinds. Page 3-5

Chapter 2. Types and classification of international organizations. Page 5-9

Chapter 3. Modern international organizations. Pages 9-17

Conclusion. pp.17-19

Bibliography. p.20

Introduction .

This topic of the essay was chosen with the aim of studying the interaction of various states at the international level, i.e. in what specific issues and directions does this interaction occur, at what level are issues related to mutual assistance and resolution of disputes between states resolved.

At present, during the period of rapid development of scientific and technological progress, the existence of states without their interaction is impossible. Their interaction can be carried out both through economic and political relations. In the modern world, it is with the help of international organizations that cooperation between states is carried out. International organizations not only regulate interstate relations, but also make decisions on global issues of our time.

This abstract shows the structure of modern international organizations and their classification. Today there are many pressing issues: ecology, issues of war and peace, the fight against AIDS and drug addiction. Thus, every international organization is called upon to resolve these issues.

In addition, this essay reflects the history of the emergence of international organizations, for the creation of which it was necessary for certain historical events to occur in the world that would lead humanity to the idea of ​​interaction. Historical knowledge of the creation of international organizations allows us to trace the entire complex path of interaction between states. Considering the issue from the historical side, one can understand on what principles they were based and how international relations were improved, and what humanity is striving for.

Chapter 1

International organizations arose in ancient times and improved as society developed.

IN ANCIENT GREECE In the 6th century BC, the first permanent international associations appeared in the form of unions of cities and communities (for example, Lacedimian and Delian Symmacia), or religious and political unions of tribes and cities (for example, Delphic-Thermopylae amphictyony). Such associations were prototypes of future international organizations. Many scholars rightly emphasized that at that stage these alliances brought the Greek states closer together and softened their isolation.

The next stage in the development of international organizations was the creation of international economic and customs associations. One of the first such unions was the Hanseatic Trade League, which brought all of Northern Germany out of a state of medieval barbarism. This union was finally formalized in the 16th century. Lübeck was at the head of this association.

At the beginning of the 19th century the German Customs Union. All states that entered this union were subject to the same laws regarding the import, export and transit of goods. All customs duties were recognized as general and distributed among the members of the union according to the number of people in the population.

Experts who study the history of international organizations believe that the first intergovernmental organization in its classical sense was the Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine, formed in 1831.

Already in the second half of the 19th century, international unions for measuring land were created (1864), the Universal Telegraph Union (1865), the Universal Postal Union (1874), the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (1875), the International Union for the Protection of International and artistic property and others. During this period, cooperation between states becomes more extensive, affecting ever larger areas of life. All organizations of this period had permanent bodies of fixed members and headquarters. Their competence was limited to discussing specialized problems.

The next important stage in the development of international organizations is the period after the First World War, when states began to create an international organization for maintaining peace and international security. So in 1919 The League of Nations was formed. The main bodies of the League of Nations were the meeting of all representatives of the League members, the council and the permanent secretariat.

Its main task was to maintain peace and prevent new wars. The League of Nations had to take all measures to maintain peace. If any member of the League resorted to war contrary to its obligations, the main members of the League were obliged to immediately break off all trade and financial relations with him, and the Council had to invite the various interested governments to send one or another contingent of troops.

The Charter of the League of Nations provided for various effective measures to maintain peace. It recognized the need to limit national armaments to the minimum necessary to ensure national security. The League Council had the task of selecting arms limitation plans for each state and submitting them to the interested governments.

But according to experts, the League of Nations was unable to cope with its main task: maintaining peace and peacefully resolving international conflicts. Those disagreements that arose between the members of the League resulted in failure to fulfill their obligations. She could not prevent the Second World War, as well as the attack of Japan on China, Italy on Ethiopia, Germany on Austria and Czechoslovakia, Italy on Spain, etc. And on April 18, 1946. The League of Nations was liquidated because the League of Nations did not fulfill its functions and at this historical stage ceased to exist.

Thus, the creation of international organizations and their development occurred in stages. Gradually, states realized the need for international cooperation in various spheres of life, which led to the exchange of inventions in the field of science, military technology, and art.

International organizations of the past have become the prototypes of modern international organizations, of which there are now a large number, and which play a large role in modern international relations.

2. The set of natural morpho-functional properties at every moment of a person’s life determines him...
a) physicality
b) physical education
c) physical condition
d)physical development

3. It is advisable to perform “coordination” exercises in...
a) the preparatory part of the lesson
b) the beginning of the main part of the lesson
c) in the middle of the main part
d) the end of the main part of the lesson

5. Body weight reduction is facilitated by sets of exercises characterized by...
a) large volume and moderate intensity
b) local effect on muscle groups in areas of fat deposits
c) light weight and big amount repetitions
d) a large number of approaches and a limited number of repetitions
Check all items.

6.Meaning correct posture is that she...
a) creates optimal conditions for the functioning of all vegetative organs: cardiovascular and respiratory systems, digestive organs, excretion, etc.
b) performs a spring function
c) to a certain extent helps prevent obesity
d) performs, among other things, an important aesthetic function

Check all items

Complete the definition by writing the appropriate word
23. On September 10, 2013 in Buenos Aires, he was elected the new President of the International Olympic Committee...

Transfer-related tasks
24. List the sections of the curriculum recommended as means of physical education...

25. List the characteristics of the level physical development, which you use to control your own condition...

1. The torch of the Olympic flame of modern games is lit... A) in Athens B) at Mount Olympus C) in Olympia D) in Sparta 2.

The Russian Olympic Committee was created in...

3. Summer Olympic Games 2012 Will be held in…

B) London

4. Evgeniy Dementyev, Larisa Lazutina, Yulia Chepalova - champions

Olympic Games in...

A) Figure skating

B) Swimming

B) biathlon

G) ski race

5. Winter Olympic Games 2014 Will be held in…

A) Munich

B) London

6. Human health primarily depends on...

A) condition environment

B) heredity

B) lifestyle

D) activities of health care institutions

7. First aid for bruises is that the bruised area should...

A) cool

B) heat

C) cover with iodine mesh

D) rub, massage

8. The Olympic symbol consists of...

A) the Olympic flag

B) the Olympic motto

B) the Olympic emblem

D) Olympic rings

9. A person called upon to ensure that competitions are held in accordance with the rules of the sport and having all the authority for this is ...

10. The line along the short sides of a football field is called...

11.Combat unit of the lowest value in a chess game...

12. A metal apparatus for developing the muscles of the arms and shoulder girdle is called....

13. Countries where it arose earlier than others sailing

A) Norway, Sweden

B) England, Holland

B) Germany, Poland

D) Romania, Bulgaria

14. Since what year has sailing been Olympic form sports

B) England

B) France

D) Russia

16. In basketball, for hitting the ball in the hoop from a free throw, you get...

17. In basketball, segments of the game are usually called...

B) period

B) quarter

18. In volleyball, when organizing an attack, players of one team are allowed no more than... touches of the ball in a row

Urgently! Please help me with the quiz!! Thanks in advance!!!:) I reciprocate:) 1.Name the date when it was formed

Northern Flotilla, who was appointed commander? 2. Through how many seas and oceans did the submarines of the Pacific Fleet, transferred to the Northern Fleet, travel to the Arctic and when? 3.What orders and medals in honor of naval commanders were established during the Second World War? Which of our fellow countrymen have been awarded orders? 4.When was the first issue of the newspaper “Red Northern Fleet” published? (5/Name the North Sea residents twice Heroes of the Soviet Union? 6. When did the transformation of the Northern Flotilla into the Northern Fleet take place? (Indicate the place of death of B.F. Safonov? Coordinates of death. 8. In the Central Naval Museum of St. Petersburg, a combat aircraft is exhibited .Who flew on it? 9. How many combat missions did B.F. Safonov make, how many enemy aircraft did he shoot down? 10.3 and what feat and what award was awarded to G.D. Kurbatov? 11. Ships Northern Fleet during the Great Patriotic War carried out a convoy to ensure the safe stay of allied ships and ships in Murmansk and Arkhangelsk. Did the famous Soviet writer, a student of the school of cabin boys, who served in the Northern Fleet, devote his novel to these events? 12.Which ship and why is it called the “northern Varyag”? 13.How many fleets are included in the navy Russian Federation?

In what year was it organized? International Committee railway transport?

In what year was the International Union created? railways?

18. Select from the proposed options the five main requirements of passengers using the services of JSC Russian Railways (only the correct ones are given):

Comfort, quality service and information support passenger transportation at the station and along the route

Providing personalized service

Reducing travel time for passengers

Possibility of booking and purchasing tickets remotely

Accuracy of departure, passage and arrival according to the schedule of passenger trains

Guarantee of preservation of life, health and personal property of passengers during transportation

Convenience of the passenger schedule;

Providing complete information about the route of any train

19. Select principles from the options provided work s-c for passenger services:

Providing certification services,

The principle of complexity

The principle of service convenience

Technological principle

Economic,

Optional use of services by the client

Marketing,

The principle of technical compliance of the service

Compliance of the quality of transport services with the level of service

Logistic,

The principle of information return of service

The principle of service elasticity

The principle of hospitality.

20. ISO 9000 standards are being widely implemented everywhere at foreign and domestic enterprises in various industries, the main purpose of which is...

Make transparent and documented all stages of the production cycle related to the quality of products

- make all stages of quality management transparent and documented...

Streamline the process of certification of goods and services on a global scale

21. The statistical approach to quality management of transport products is understood as….

Evaluation of a large amount of information of different nature...

Application of statistical methods in the quality management system

Continuous cycle of measurements and analysis of indicators...

Analysis of clientele needs in each individual segment

What is meant by technical compliance of the service in servicing passengers?

The technical level of equipment, rolling stock and its equipment must correspond to the service technology, otherwise...

Services should be offered to passengers from single to maximum set, the composition of which is determined by the client himself

Passenger companies and service centers must assume only those obligations, the fulfillment of which they guarantee

Services are provided in the place, time and form that suits the client

23. Under systematic approach Quality management of transport products means...

Grade large quantity information of different natures using universal indicators that allow you to compare the objects being assessed

Analysis of clientele needs in a particular segment

24. The marketing approach to quality management of transport products is understood as...

Analysis of clientele needs in each individual segment.

Application of statistical methods in the quality management system

Continuous cycle of measurements and analysis of indicators

Evaluation of a large amount of information of different nature using universal indicators that allow you to compare the objects being assessed

Services provided by forwarding organizations must take into account the interests of consumers, global experience and meet the following requirements: (only the correct ones are given)

Complexity
+accuracy and timeliness
+safety and environmental friendliness
+ethical
+Aesthetics
+ information content

The quality system in relation to JSC Russian Railways is... (only the correct ones are given)

Special organization transportation process and maintenance of technical equipment with control over all main and auxiliary technological operations affecting the main activity

Hierarchical system of measures to control compliance with transportation technology and infrastructure maintenance

The set of characteristics of passenger, cargo transportation...

27. Main tasks transport service are:

Improving long-term efficiency and financial sustainability

Comprehensive improvement of the needs of cargo handlers. and society as a whole in transportation
-Increasing the scale of transport production

Development of new forms of service based on the latest n-t achievements...

28. The complex of services and goods provided to a person and society as a whole, necessary to satisfy his biological, social, production, social and cultural needs in life is called...

Social

Social and cultural service

Technical

Technological

29. The result of activities to satisfy the needs of passengers, civil servants and civil servants in transportation in accordance with established standards and requirements is called….

Service

Freight forwarding service

Transport service

30. The type of transport service associated with the organization of the process of sending and receiving cargo, as well as with the performance of other work related to the transportation of cargo in accordance with the freight forwarding agreement is called ...
+ forwarding service

Service

Transport service

Service

31. The system of services for servicing passengers, civil defense and civil enterprises, including provision of transportation, performance of related and additional work is called...

Quality of transport services
+transport service

Transport and forwarding services

Service thread

32. The process of processing raw materials, materials, technical products and semi-finished products in the field of production and operation in order to change their parameters and characteristics and obtain quality products is called....

Technical service
+technological service

Social service

Social and cultural service

33. From the proposed options, select four levels of quality of transport services (transport service):

Compliance with standard

Compliance with quality management methods
+compliance with capabilities

Eligibility international agreements

Compliance with the mission, goals and objectives of the company
+compliance with market requirements
+meeting the client’s hidden needs

34. Maintenance of machines, mechanisms, machine tools, carriages, locomotives, automobiles, aircraft and other technical means and devices in order to increase the service life and maintain their operating parameters and characteristics within the range established by their operation or technical passport is called... (only the correct ones are given)

Technical service

35. The activity of establishing rules and characteristics for the purpose of their voluntary repeated use, aimed at achieving orderliness in the areas of production and circulation of products, increasing the competitiveness of products, works or services is called….

Standardization

36. the federal law No. 87 of June 30, 2003 “On transport and forwarding activities” includes three main elements that form the rules of transport and forwarding activities:

The procedure for providing forwarding services

Requirements for the quality of forwarding services

Methods for quality control of forwarding services

List of forwarding documents

Classification of forwarding services,

37. A specialized information system that provides the ability to provide information to visitors, interact between them, and perform trading operations and tariffication of fees for using this system -….(only the correct ones are given)

Electronic marketplace.

Business process is...

A sequence of actions aimed at achieving a final, measurable and specific result

A security system that allows the buyer to choose....

Processing of raw materials...