They didn’t notice the “bomb” in the Russian Constitution. The most powerful nuclear bombs in the world Inter-type bombs

Aviation bomb or just an aerial bomb - one of the types aviation ammunition dropped from an airplane or other aircraft and separating from the holders under the influence of gravity or with a low speed of forced separation.

By the beginning of the First World War, not a single country in the world had more or less effective serial bombs. At that time, hand grenades and rifle (gun) grenades were also commonly called bombs or bombs. Moreover, the expression “airplane bomb” originally meant, in fact, heavy hand grenade, which was dropped from airplanes by pilots.

Often used as aerial bombs artillery shells caliber 75 mm and above. But by the end of the war in 1918, quite effective fragmentation, high-explosive, armor-piercing, chemical and smoke bombs had been created in England, France and Germany. These bombs were equipped with wing or ring stabilizers and had a completely modern appearance.

...September 9, 1943. Mussolini is arrested, the Italian government is eager for a truce, and the Italian fleet is heading to Malta to surrender. At 15:41, the battleship Roma (46,000 tons, nine 381 mm guns) was hit by a German bomb called Fritz-X (aka SD-1400). Having pierced the hull, it exploded under the boiler compartments. Second hit
the ammunition magazines were blown up...

The most powerful air bombs of World War II: Tallboy and Grand Slam

Country: UK
Developed: 1942
Weight: 5.4 t
Explosive mass: 2.4 t
Length: 6.35 m
Diameter: 0.95 m

Barney Wallis did not become a famous aircraft designer: his design for the Victory bomber was rejected by the British military. But he became famous as the creator of the most powerful ammunition of World War II. Knowledge of the laws of aerodynamics allowed him to design the Tallboy aerial bomb in 1942. Thanks to its perfect aerodynamic shape, the bomb quickly picked up speed and even broke the sound barrier in its fall if it was dropped from a height of more than 4 km.

It could penetrate 3 m of reinforced concrete, penetrate 35 m into the ground, and after its explosion a crater with a diameter of 40 m remained. Equipped with torpex - a powerful explosive based on hexogen - Wallis' brainchild demonstrated effectiveness when used against highly protected targets (bunkers, tunnels), as well as by large ships.

Thus, two hits first damaged the German battleship Tirpitz, which was defending itself in a Norwegian fjord and posed a huge danger to convoys heading to the USSR. On November 12, 1944, having received two more Tallboys, the ship capsized. In a word, these bombs were real military weapons, and not a useless race for records, and during the war years they were used not so few - 854 of them.

This success guaranteed Barney Wallis a place in history (he later received a knighthood) and inspired him to create the most powerful aerial bomb of World War II in 1943, the design of which was borrowed heavily from the Tallboy. The Grand Slam was also successful, demonstrating stable (thanks to the rotation imparted by the stabilizers) flight and high penetrating power: it could penetrate up to 7 m of reinforced concrete before exploding.

True, for the Grand Slam there was no such target as the world-famous battleship, but its hits on German submarine shelters protected by a five-meter layer of concrete made a proper impression. It also destroyed aqueducts and dams that were resistant to less powerful bombs. The Grand Slam fuse could be set to instantaneous (to hit targets with a shock wave) or delayed (to destroy shelters), but even in the latter case, buildings “folded” hundreds of meters from the explosion: although the shock wave from the buried detonation was relatively weak, the vibrations the soil shifted the foundations.

Officially, the Grand Slam was called more than modestly - “Medium Capacity, 22,000 lbs” - “average power, 22,000 pounds” (meaning the average value of the ratio of the weight of the bomb and its equipment), although in the press it received the nickname “Earthquake Bomb” (“bomb”) -earthquake"). The Grand Slam entered service with the Royal Air Force at the end of the war, and in the months remaining before victory, British pilots dropped 42 of these bombs. It was quite expensive, so if the target could not be detected, the command strongly recommended that the crews not drop the Grand Slam over the sea, but land with it, although this was risky. In the Royal Air Force, four-engine Halifaxes and Lancasters carried huge bombs. Copies of the Grand Slam were also made in the USA.

The very first guided bomb: Fritz-X

Country: Germany
Developed: 1943
Weight: 1,362 t
Explosive weight: 320 kg, ammatol
Length: 3.32 m
Tail span: 0.84 m

Fritz-X became the first combat model of a guided weapon. Its FuG 203/230 guidance system operated at around 49 MHz and, once released, the aircraft had to maintain course to allow the operator to keep track of the target and the bomb. With a deviation of up to 350 m in course and 500 m in range, the flight of the bomb could be adjusted.

A non-maneuvering carrier was vulnerable to fighters and anti-aircraft fire, but distance served as protection: the recommended drop distance, as well as altitude, was 5 km. The Allies hastily developed jamming equipment, the Germans increased their production of bombs, and who knows how this race would have ended if not for the end of the war...

The very first serial nuclear weapon: Mk-17/24

Country: USA
Start of production: 1954
Weight: 10.1 t
Energy release: 10–15 Mt
Length: 7.52 m
Diameter: 1.56 m

These thermonuclear bombs (Mk-17 and Mk-24 differed only in the types of plutonium “fuses”) are the first that can be classified as real weapons: with them, US Air Force B-36 bombers flew on patrol. The design was not very reliable (part of the “fuse” was kept by the crew, who installed it in the bomb before dropping), but everything was subordinated to one goal: to “squeeze” the maximum energy release (there were no units regulating the power of the explosion).

Despite slowing the fall of the bomb with a 20-meter parachute, the not very fast B-36 barely had time to escape from the affected area. Production (Mk-17 - 200 pcs., Mk-24 - 105 pcs.) lasted from July 1954 to November 1955. Their “simplified” copies were also tested to find out whether it was possible under conditions nuclear war use lithium hydrides that have not undergone isotopic enrichment as a surrogate for thermonuclear fuel. Since October 1956, Mk-17/24 bombs began to be transferred to reserve, and they were replaced by more advanced Mk-36s.

Country: USSR
Tested: 1961
Weight: 26.5 t
Energy release: 58 Mt
Length: 8.0 m
Diameter: 2.1 m

After the explosion of this "" on Novaya Zemlya on October 30, 1961, the shock wave circled three times Earth, a lot of glass was broken in Norway. The bomb was not suitable for combat use and did not represent a serious scientific achievement, but probably helped the superpowers sense the deadlock in the nuclear race.

Most versatile bomb: JDAM (Joint Direct Attack Munition)

Country: USA
Start of production: 1997
Application range: 28 km
Circular probable deviation: 11 m
Cost of the set: 30–70 thousand dollars

JDAM is not exactly a bomb, but a set of navigation equipment and controllable fins that allows you to turn almost any conventional bomb into a controllable one. Such a bomb is guided by GPS signals, which makes the targeting independent of weather conditions. JDAMs were first used during the bombing of Yugoslavia. Boeing has produced more than 2,000 JDAM kits since 1997.

The very first volumetric explosion bombs: BLU-72B/76B

Country: USA
Start of production: 1967
Weight: 1.18 t
Fuel weight: 0.48 t
Shock wave energy: equivalent to 9 tons of TNT

The first volumetric detonating bombs used in battle (in Vietnam). The fuel in the BLU 72B is liquefied propane, in the BLU 76B, which was used from high-speed carriers, it is ethylene oxide. Volumetric detonation did not provide a blasting effect, but was effective in destroying manpower.

The most massive nuclear bomb: B-61

Country: USA
Start of production: 1962
Weight: 300–340 kg
Energy release: tactical – 0.3–170 kt; strategic – 10–340 kt
Length: 3.58 m
Diameter: 0.33 m

In 11 modifications of this most massive bomb there are charges of switchable power: pure fission and thermonuclear. “Penetrating” products are weighted with “waste” uranium, powerful ones are equipped with parachutes and are triggered even after hitting the corner of a building at transonic speed. Since 1962, 3,155 of them have been produced.

The most powerful serial non-nuclear bomb: GBU-43 MOAB

Country: USA
Developed: 2002
Weight: 9.5 t
Explosive mass: 8.4 t
Length: 9.17 m
Diameter: 1.02 m

It took the crown of “the greatest bomb” from BLU-82, but, unlike the ex-queen, which was actively used in clearing landing sites, it has not yet found use. More powerful equipment (RDX, TNT, aluminum) and guidance system would seem to increase combat capabilities, however, finding a suitable purpose for a product of this cost poses serious difficulties. The official name MOAB (Massive Ordnance Air Blast - heavy high-explosive bomb) is often unofficially deciphered as Mother Of All Bombs, “mother of all bombs”. The US arsenal has 15 MOAB bombs.

The very first cluster munition: SD2 Schmetterling

Country: Germany
Start of production: 1939
Weight: 2 kg
Explosive weight: 225 g
Dimensions: 8 x 6 x 4 cm
Radius of destruction of manpower: 25 m

The ancestors of cluster munitions, battle-tested in Europe and North Africa. The Luftwaffe used cassettes containing from 6 to 108 SD2 bombs (Sprengbombe Dickwandig 2 kg), which were equipped with various types of fuses: instant and delayed action, as well as “surprises” for sappers. Due to the method of dispersing submunitions, reminiscent of the fluttering of a butterfly, the bomb was called Schmetterling (“butterfly”).

/Based on materials popmech.ru, en.wikipedia.org And topwar.ru /

Everyone knows about the two Japanese cities on which nuclear bombs were dropped, as well as the consequences of these explosions. It is interesting to learn about the creation and testing of the most powerful hydrogen bomb.

Bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki

In September 1945, Japan surrendered, ending the Second World War. This was preceded by two nuclear explosions - on August 6, 1945, American bombers dropped bombs first on Hiroshima, and just three days later on Nagasaki.

It is known that in Hiroshima about 140 thousand people died from the explosion and the consequences of the bombing. The bomb dropped on Hiroshima was called "Little". The Fat Man bomb fell on the city of Nagasaki, killing 80 thousand people.

According to the United States, it was these explosions that led to the speedy end of the war. Since then, there have been no further cases of the use of nuclear weapons.

The size of the “Baby” bomb is seventy centimeters in diameter, its length is three meters and twenty centimeters. "Baby" weighed four tons, and its power reached from 13 to 18 kilotons of TNT. After the explosion, smoke rose over Hiroshima to a height of twenty thousand feet.

The length of the Fat Man bomb is three meters twenty-five centimeters, and the diameter is one meter fifty-four centimeters. The weight of this bomb exceeded the weight of the “Kid” by six hundred kilograms. The power of the explosion in the city of Nagasaki is the same as in Hiroshima, in TNT equivalent it is equal to 21 kilotons.

As a result of two explosions, a huge territory was affected, almost all of it today remains empty. The two affected cities are now symbols of the nuclear tragedy and the fight against nuclear danger.

The most powerful non-nuclear bombs

The Cold War is over, but work on new types of weapons does not stop. Now scientists are busy creating non-nuclear bombs. GBU-43/B – that’s it official name the most powerful American non-nuclear bomb. She has another name - “Mother of all bombs”. Its weight is 9.5 tons, length is 10 meters, and diameter is 1 meter. This bomb was first manufactured in 2002. In TNT equivalent, the explosive power is 11 tons.

An even more powerful weapon was created in Russia - this is an aviation vacuum bomb. Its second name is “The Father of All Bombs.” In TNT equivalent, the explosive power is 44 tons.

Hydrogen bombs are the most powerful weapon

A hydrogen or thermonuclear bomb has similar damaging effects as a nuclear bomb, but is significantly more powerful. Work on its creation was carried out in parallel by scientists in several countries at once, including the USSR, the USA and Germany. Research began just before World War II.

The Americans first conducted tests on November 1, 1952 on the Eniwetok Atoll; a year later, on August 12, 1953, it was detonated in the USSR at a test site in Semipalatinsk. H-bomb domestic production.

The most powerful hydrogen bomb

The largest bomb to date is considered to be the AN602 bomb, which was given the names “Kuzka’s Mother” and “Tsar Bomba”. Dimensions of the Tsar Bomba: length - 8 meters, diameter - 2 meters, weight - 24 tons, explosive power - 58 megatons of TNT. Development was carried out from 1945 to 1961 by a group of nuclear physicists under the leadership of Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences I.V. Kurchatov.

Its tests took place on October 30, 1961 at the archipelago training ground New Earth. The explosion was carried out in the air at a distance of 4000 meters above Novaya Zemlya. None of the existing aircraft at that time could cope with this task, so the Tu 95-B aircraft was built specifically to produce an explosion. Diameter fireball was more than nine kilometers. The impact was felt by all the inhabitants of the planet, as the seismic wave formed as a result of the explosion circled the Earth three times.

The consequences of this explosion were more than impressive - not a single hill remained on the surface of the island, the surface became as smooth as a skating rink. In the village, which was located four hundred kilometers from the epicenter, all wooden buildings were completely destroyed, and stone houses were left without roofs.

The mushroom that grew at the site of the explosion reached a height of 60-67 km, and the diameter of its cap was approximately 95 km. The radius of destruction of the bomb is impressive - it is 4600 m. It’s scary to imagine what kind of destruction the use of this “giant” could lead to. Soviet Union, if the explosion was carried out against one of the countries.

It is believed that the tests of this bomb prompted many countries to sign an agreement to stop testing nuclear weapons under water, in space and in the atmosphere, and restrictions on the power of nuclear weapons being created also appeared. The treaty was signed by one hundred and ten countries.

Not only weapons, but also nature itself can be dangerous. For example, there is a whole rating of the most dangerous animals...
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An onomatopoeic word that had Greek approximately the same meaning as the word “babakh” in Russian. In the European group of languages, the term has the same root “bomb” (German. bombe, English bomb, fr. bombe, Spanish bomba), the source of which, in turn, is Lat. bombus, the Latin analogue of the Greek onomatopoeia.

According to one hypothesis, the term was originally associated with battering guns, which first made a terrible roar, and only then caused destruction. In the future, with the improvement of warfare technologies, the logical chain war - roar - destruction became associated with other types of weapons. The term experienced a rebirth at the end of the 14th and beginning of the 15th centuries, when gunpowder entered the arena of war. At that time, the technical effect of its use was negligible (especially in comparison with mechanical types that had reached perfection throwing weapons), however, the roar it produced was an extraordinary phenomenon and often had an effect on the enemy comparable to a shower of arrows.

Story

1. by purpose - for combat and non-combat. The latter include smoke, lighting, photo aircraft bombs (lighting for night photography), daytime (colored smoke) and night (colored fire) orientation-signal, orientation-sea (create a colored fluorescent spot on the water and colored fire; in the West, orientation-signal and orientation-naval bombs have common name marker), propaganda (stuffed with propaganda material), practical (for training bombing - do not contain explosives or contain a very small charge; practical bombs that do not contain a charge are most often made of cement) and imitation (simulate a nuclear bomb);
2. by type of active material - conventional, nuclear, chemical, toxin, bacteriological (traditionally, bombs loaded with pathogenic viruses or their carriers also belong to the category of bacteriological, although strictly speaking a virus is not a bacterium);
3. according to the nature of the damaging effect:
   • fragmentation (damaging effect mainly from fragments);
   • high-explosive fragmentation (fragmentation, high-explosive and high-explosive action; in the West such ammunition is called general purpose bombs);
   • high-explosive (high-explosive and blasting action);
   • penetrating high-explosive - they are also high-explosive thick-walled, they are also (Western designation) “seismic bombs” (with high explosive action);
   • concrete-piercing (in the West such ammunition is called semi-armor-piercing) inert (does not contain a charge explosive, hitting the target only due to kinetic energy);
   • concrete-breaking explosives (kinetic energy and blasting action);
   • armor-piercing explosive (also with kinetic energy and blasting action, but having a more durable body);
   • armor-piercing cumulative (cumulative jet);
   • armor-piercing fragmentation / cumulative fragmentation (cumulative jet and fragments);
   • armor-piercing based on the principle of “shock core”;
   • incendiary (flame and temperature);
   • high-explosive incendiary (high-explosive and blasting action, flame and temperature);
   • high-explosive fragmentation-incendiary (fragmentation, high-explosive and high-explosive action, flame and temperature);
   • incendiary-smoke (damaging effects of flame and temperature; in addition, such a bomb produces smoke in the area);
   • poisonous / chemical and toxin (poisonous substance / agent);
   • poisonous smoke bombs (officially these bombs were called “smoking aerial bombs poisonous smoke");
   • fragmentation-poisonous/fragmentation-chemical (fragmentation and explosive agents);
   • infectious action/bacteriological (directly by pathogenic microorganisms or their carriers from insects and small rodents);
   • Conventional nuclear (at first called atomic) and thermonuclear bombs (initially in the USSR they were called atomic-hydrogen) are traditionally distinguished as separate category not only in terms of the active material, but also in terms of the damaging effect, although, strictly speaking, they should be considered high-explosive incendiary (adjusted for additional damaging factors of a nuclear explosion - radioactive radiation and radioactive fallout) of ultra-high power. However, there are also “nuclear bombs of enhanced radiation” - their main damaging factor is already radioactive radiation, specifically the flow of neutrons formed during the explosion (in connection with which such nuclear bombs received the common name “neutron”).
   • Also in a separate category are volumetric detonating bombs (also known as volumetric explosion, thermobaric, vacuum and fuel bombs).
4. by the nature of the target (this classification is not always applied) - for example, anti-bunker (Bunker Buster), anti-submarine, anti-tank and bridge bombs (the latter were intended for action on bridges and viaducts);
5. according to the method of delivery to the target - rocket (the bomb in this case is used as a missile warhead), aviation, ship/boat, artillery;
6. by mass, expressed in kilograms or pounds (for non-nuclear bombs) or power, expressed in kilotons/megatons) of TNT equivalent (for nuclear bombs). It should be noted that the caliber of a non-nuclear bomb is not its actual weight, but its correspondence to the dimensions of a certain standard weapon (which is usually a high-explosive bomb of the same caliber). The discrepancy between caliber and weight can be quite large - for example, the SAB-50-15 illumination bomb had a 50-kg caliber and weighed only 14.4-14.8 kg (a discrepancy of 3.5 times). On the other hand, the FAB-1500-2600TS aerial bomb (TS - “thick-walled”) has a 1500-kg caliber and weighs as much as 2600 kg (the discrepancy is more than 1.7 times);
7. according to the design of the warhead - monoblock, modular and cluster (initially the latter were called “rotational dispersal aircraft bombs”/RRAB in the USSR).
8. in terms of controllability - into uncontrollable (free-falling, in Western terminology - gravitational - and gliding) and controlled (adjustable).

Reactive depth charges, in fact - unguided rockets with a warhead in the form of a depth charge, which are in service with the Russian Navy and the Navy of a number of other countries, are classified by firing range (hundreds of meters) - for example, the RSL-60 (RGB - reactive depth charge) is fired (or, more correctly, launched) from a reactive bomb launcher RBU-6000 at a range of up to 6000 m, RGB-10 from RBU-1000 - at 1000 m, etc.

Development of bomb production technologies and new types of bombs

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Excerpt characterizing the Bomb

Petya was standing at the door when Denisov said this. Petya crawled between the officers and came close to Denisov.
“Let me kiss you, my dear,” he said. - Oh, how great! how good! - And, having kissed Denisov, he ran into the yard.
- Bosse! Vincent! – Petya shouted, stopping at the door.
- Who do you want, sir? - said a voice from the darkness. Petya answered that the boy was French, who was taken today.
- A! Spring? - said the Cossack.
His name Vincent has already been changed: the Cossacks - into Vesenny, and the men and soldiers - into Visenya. In both adaptations, this reminder of spring coincided with the idea of ​​a young boy.
“He was warming himself by the fire there.” Hey Visenya! Visenya! Spring! – voices and laughter were heard in the darkness.
“And the boy is smart,” said the hussar standing next to Petya. “We fed him just now.” Passion was hungry!
Footsteps were heard in the darkness and, bare feet splashing in the mud, the drummer approached the door.
“Ah, c"est vous!" said Petya. “Voulez vous manger? N"ayez pas peur, on ne vous fera pas de mal,” he added, timidly and affectionately touching his hand. - Entrez, entrez. [Oh, it's you! Are you hungry? Don't be afraid, they won't do anything to you. Enter, enter.]
“Merci, monsieur, [Thank you, sir.],” the drummer answered in a trembling, almost childish voice and began to wipe his dirty feet on the threshold. Petya wanted to say a lot to the drummer, but he didn’t dare. He stood next to him in the hallway, shifting. Then in the darkness I took his hand and shook it.
“Entrez, entrez,” he repeated only in a gentle whisper.
“Oh, what should I do to him!” - Petya said to himself and, opening the door, let the boy pass by.
When the drummer entered the hut, Petya sat away from him, considering it humiliating for himself to pay attention to him. He just felt the money in his pocket and was in doubt whether it would be a shame to give it to the drummer.

From the drummer, who, on Denisov’s orders, was given vodka, mutton and whom Denisov ordered to dress in a Russian caftan, so that, without sending him away with the prisoners, he would be left with the party, Petya’s attention was diverted by the arrival of Dolokhov. Petya in the army heard many stories about the extraordinary courage and cruelty of Dolokhov with the French, and therefore, from the moment Dolokhov entered the hut, Petya, without taking his eyes off, looked at him and became more and more encouraged, twitching his head raised, so as not to be unworthy even of such a society as Dolokhov.
Dolokhov’s appearance strangely struck Petya with its simplicity.
Denisov dressed in a checkmen, wore a beard and on his chest the image of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, and in his manner of speaking, in all his manners, he showed the peculiarity of his position. Dolokhov, on the contrary, previously, in Moscow, who wore a Persian suit, now had the appearance of the most prim Guards officer. His face was clean-shaven, he was dressed in a guards cotton frock coat with George in the buttonhole and a simple cap straight on. He took off his wet cloak in the corner and, going up to Denisov, without greeting anyone, immediately began asking about the matter. Denisov told him about the plans that large detachments had for their transport, and about sending Petya, and about how he responded to both generals. Then Denisov told everything he knew about the position of the French detachment.
“That’s true, but you need to know what and how many troops,” said Dolokhov, “you will need to go.” Without knowing exactly how many there are, you cannot start the business. I like to do things carefully. Now, would any of the gentlemen want to go with me to their camp? I have my uniforms with me.
- I, I... I will go with you! – Petya screamed.
“You don’t need to go at all,” Denisov said, turning to Dolokhov, “and I won’t let him in for anything.”
- That's great! - Petya cried out, - why shouldn’t I go?..
- Yes, because there is no need.
“Well, excuse me, because... because... I’ll go, that’s all.” Will you take me? – he turned to Dolokhov.
“Why…” answered Dolokhov absentmindedly, peering into the face of the French drummer.
- How long have you had this young man? – he asked Denisov.
- Today they took him, but he doesn’t know anything. I left it for myself.
- Well, where are you putting the rest? - said Dolokhov.
- How to where? “I’m sending you under guard!” Denisov suddenly blushed and cried out. “And I’ll boldly say that I don’t have a single person on my conscience. Are you happy to send someone away? than magic, I will tell you, the honor of a soldier.
“It’s decent for a young count of sixteen to say these pleasantries,” Dolokhov said with a cold grin, “but it’s time for you to leave it.”
“Well, I’m not saying anything, I’m just saying that I will definitely go with you,” Petya said timidly.
“And it’s time for you and me, brother, to give up these pleasantries,” Dolokhov continued, as if he found special pleasure in talking about this subject that irritated Denisov. - Well, why did you take this to you? - he said, shaking his head. - Then why do you feel sorry for him? After all, we know these receipts of yours. You send them a hundred people, and thirty will come. They will starve or be beaten. So is it all the same not to take them?
Esaul, squinting light eyes, nodded his head approvingly.
- This is all shit, there’s nothing to argue about. I don’t want to take it on my soul. You talk - help. Well, hog "osho." Just not from me.
Dolokhov laughed.
“Who didn’t tell them to catch me twenty times?” But they will catch me and you, with your chivalry, anyway. – He paused. - However, we have to do something. Send my Cossack with a pack! I have two French uniforms. Well, are you coming with me? – he asked Petya.
- I? Yes, yes, absolutely,” Petya cried, blushing almost to tears, looking at Denisov.
Again, while Dolokhov was arguing with Denisov about what should be done with the prisoners, Petya felt awkward and hasty; but again I did not have time to fully understand what they were talking about. “If big, famous people think so, then it must be so, therefore it’s good,” he thought. “And most importantly, Denisov must not dare to think that I will obey him, that he can command me.” I will definitely go with Dolokhov to the French camp. He can do it and so can I.”
To all of Denisov’s urgings not to travel, Petya replied that he, too, was used to doing everything carefully, and not Lazar’s at random, and that he never thought about danger to himself.
“Because,” you yourself must agree, “if you don’t know correctly how many there are, the lives of maybe hundreds depend on it, but here we are alone, and then I really want this, and I will definitely, definitely go, you won’t stop me.” “, he said, “it will only get worse...

Dressed in French greatcoats and shakos, Petya and Dolokhov drove to the clearing from which Denisov looked at the camp, and, leaving the forest in complete darkness, descended into the ravine. Having driven down, Dolokhov ordered the Cossacks accompanying him to wait here and rode at a fast trot along the road to the bridge. Petya, transfixed with excitement, rode next to him.
“If we get caught, I won’t give up alive, I have a gun,” Petya whispered.
“Don’t speak Russian,” Dolokhov said in a quick whisper, and at that same moment a cry was heard in the darkness: “Qui vive?” [Who's coming?] and the ringing of a gun.
Blood rushed to Petya's face, and he grabbed the pistol.
“Lanciers du sixieme, [Lancers of the sixth regiment.],” said Dolokhov, without shortening or increasing the horse’s stride. The black figure of a sentry stood on the bridge.
– Mot d’ordre? [Review?] – Dolokhov held his horse and rode at a walk.
– Dites donc, le colonel Gerard est ici? [Tell me, is Colonel Gerard here?] - he said.
“Mot d'ordre!” said the sentry without answering, blocking the road.
“Quand un officier fait sa ronde, les sentinelles ne demandent pas le mot d"ordre...,” Dolokhov shouted, suddenly flushing, running his horse into the sentry. “Je vous demande si le colonel est ici?” [When an officer goes around the chain, the sentries do not ask review... I ask, is the colonel here?]
And, without waiting for an answer from the guard who stood aside, Dolokhov walked up the hill at a pace.
Noticing the black shadow of a man crossing the road, Dolokhov stopped this man and asked where the commander and officers were? This man, a soldier with a sack on his shoulder, stopped, came close to Dolokhov’s horse, touching it with his hand, and simply and friendlyly said that the commander and officers were higher on the mountain, on the right side, in the farm yard (that’s what he called the master’s estate).
Having driven along the road, on both sides of which French conversation could be heard from the fires, Dolokhov turned into the courtyard of the manor’s house. Having passed through the gate, he dismounted from his horse and approached a large blazing fire, around which several people were sitting, talking loudly. Something was boiling in a pot on the edge, and a soldier in a cap and blue overcoat, kneeling, brightly illuminated by the fire, stirred it with a ramrod.
“Oh, c"est un dur a cuire, [You can’t deal with this devil.],” said one of the officers sitting in the shadows with opposite side fire.
“Il les fera marcher les lapins... [He will get through them...],” said another with a laugh. Both fell silent, peering into the darkness at the sound of the steps of Dolokhov and Petya, approaching the fire with their horses.
- Bonjour, messieurs! [Hello, gentlemen!] - Dolokhov said loudly and clearly.
The officers stirred in the shadow of the fire, and one, a tall officer with long neck, bypassing the fire, approached Dolokhov.
“C”est vous, Clement?” he said. “D”ou, diable... [Is that you, Clement? Where the hell...] ​​- but he did not finish, having learned his mistake, and, frowning slightly, as if he were a stranger, he greeted Dolokhov, asking him how he could serve. Dolokhov said that he and a friend were catching up with their regiment, and asked, turning to everyone in general, if the officers knew anything about the sixth regiment. Nobody knew anything; and it seemed to Petya that the officers began to examine him and Dolokhov with hostility and suspicion. Everyone was silent for a few seconds.
“Si vous comptez sur la soupe du soir, vous venez trop tard, [If you are counting on dinner, then you are late.],” said a voice from behind the fire with a restrained laugh.
Dolokhov replied that they were full and that they needed to move on at night.
He gave the horses to the soldier who was stirring the pot, and squatted down by the fire next to the long-necked officer. This officer, without taking his eyes off, looked at Dolokhov and asked him again: what regiment was he in? Dolokhov did not answer, as if he had not heard the question, and, lighting a short French pipe, which he took out of his pocket, asked the officers how safe the road was from the Cossacks ahead of them.
“Les brigands sont partout, [These robbers are everywhere.],” answered the officer from behind the fire.
Dolokhov said that the Cossacks were terrible only for such backward people as he and his comrade, but that the Cossacks probably did not dare to attack large detachments, he added questioningly. Nobody answered.
“Well, now he’ll leave,” Petya thought every minute, standing in front of the fire and listening to his conversation.

Briefly, the news looks like this: a resident of Saratov, sick with diabetes, died because she was not prescribed the necessary free medications - insulin, apparently. Her relatives bought her medicine for money, but less than she needed - there wasn’t enough money, so she died. Then it turned out that they did not prescribe because there were no drugs, and the regional Ministry of Health ordered doctors not to write prescriptions.

That's the whole story - it's as simple as itself great Russia. A 28-year-old woman died from... by the way, what did she die from? She died from chronic renal failure due to the lack of medications. But did she die from this?

What if we told the truth and included a broader and fairer diagnosis on her death certificate.
Well, for example, enter “chronic lack of insulin”, own production which, for as long as I can remember, Russia has been trying to establish, but somehow it doesn’t work out.

Let’s also add the diagnosis “prohibition of issuing prescriptions because there are no medicines,” so that the patient does not stand in the pharmacy and scream that she feels bad, because the press will come running. And if the press comes running, Putin’s rating will fall.

Another diagnosis - “There is no money, but you hold on!” - Well, comments are unnecessary here, let Medvedev somehow comment on why there is no money, why the drugs were purchased later than necessary.

Answering the question “Where is the money, Zin?” Medvedev will apparently answer that Russia’s damned enemies have imposed sanctions against it.
Well, let’s write “sanctions”, but let’s not forget what they are for. There are such Russian diagnoses - Crimea, Donbass, Chechnya, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria, Syria, now Libya is planned. This, as they say, is a whole bunch of diseases, which is aggravated, moreover, by “Novichok” - doctor Mishkin and his assistant Chepiga did everything to not only poison the Skripals and “clean up the homeless woman” (hello to V.V. Putin), but, casually, they also killed our unfortunate woman from Saratov, because sanctions against Russia, as a rogue country, are just unfolding.
There is also a diagnosis of “zombie”, where they shout about the fascists in Ukraine, forgetting about their own, who killed this resident of Saratov with their lies and indifference.

Another undoubted diagnosis from which our unfortunate woman died was Russian patriotism in its Kremlin version. Let me remind you that a 21-year-old resident of Saratov (what an amazing coincidence) Nikita Smirnov, a great admirer of Vladimir Putin, wrote a statement to the prosecutor’s office with a request to find out whether it is possible to classify the Saratov regional public organization disabled people, sick diabetes mellitus to the number of "foreign agents" for political activity. She was included - justice adviser Panchenko concluded that the activities of the organization of disabled people “display political signs” - it allegedly “formed the preconditions for discrediting government and management bodies.”

But all these diagnoses can be replaced by one diagnosis - Putin.
For Putin, as you know, is Russia.
Remember how Putin proudly talked about a new Russian missile “with an unpredictable trajectory” - and so, quite predictably, it hit Saratov and killed a sick woman.
Right on target!

Atomic weapons are rightfully considered not only the most terrible, but also the most majestic invention of mankind. It contains so much destructive power that the blast wave sweeps away not only all types of life, but also any, even the strongest, structures from the face of planet Earth. There are so many nuclear weapons in Russia’s military storage facilities alone that their simultaneous detonation could lead to the destruction of our planet.

And this is not surprising, after all Russian reserves are in second place after the American ones. Such representatives as “Kuzka’s Mother” and “Tsar Bomba” are assigned the title of the most powerful weapon of all time. The TOP 10 lists the nuclear bombs around the world that have or had the greatest potential. Some of them were used, causing irreparable harm to the ecology of the planet.

10th place. Little boy (Kid) with a capacity of 18 kilotons

This bomb was the first to be used not at the test site, but in real conditions. Its use has had big influence to end the war between America and Japan. The Little Boy explosion in the city of Hiroshima killed one hundred and forty of its residents. The length of this bomb was three meters and the diameter was seventy centimeters. The height of the nuclear column formed after the explosion was more than six kilometers. This city remains uninhabited to this day.

9th place. Fat Man (Fat Man) – 21 kilotons

This was the name of the second bomb dropped by an American plane on the city of Nagasaki. The victims of this explosion were eighty thousand citizens who died immediately, while another thirty-five thousand people became victims of radiation. This bomb is still the most powerful weapon, throughout the history of mankind, the use of which was carried out to achieve military goals.

8th place. Trinity (Thing) – 21 kilotons

Trinity holds the palm among nuclear bombs exploded in order to study the reactions and processes taking place. The shock wave of the explosion raised the cloud to a height of eleven kilometers. The impression received by scientists who observed the first nuclear explosion in human history was stunning. Clouds of smoke white in the form of a pillar, whose diameter reached two kilometers, quickly rose upward, where they formed a mushroom-shaped cap.

7th place. Baker (Baker) - 23 kilotons

Baker was the name of one of the three bombs that took part in Operation Crossroads, which took place in 1946. During the test, the consequences of the explosion of atomic shells were studied. Animals and vessels were used as test subjects. marine class. The explosion was carried out at a depth of twenty-seven kilometers. As a result, approximately two million tons of water were displaced, which led to the formation of a column more than half a kilometer high. Baker provoked the world's first nuclear disaster. The radioactivity of Bikini Island, which was chosen for testing, reached such a level that it became impossible to live on it. Until 2010, it was considered completely uninhabited.

6th place Rhea - 955 kilotons

Rhea is the most powerful atomic bomb, which was tested by France in 1971. The explosion of this projectile was carried out on the territory of Mururoa Atoll, used as a testing ground for nuclear explosions. By 1998, more than two hundred nuclear shells were tested there.

5th place. Castle Romeo – 11 megatons

Castle Romeo is one of the most powerful nuclear explosions carried out in America. The order to begin the operation was signed on March 27, 1954. To carry out an explosion in open ocean The barge was withdrawn because there were fears that a bomb explosion could destroy an island located nearby. It was assumed that the power of the explosion would not exceed four megatons, but in fact it was equal to eleven megatons. During the investigation, it was revealed that the reason for this was the use of cheap material used as thermonuclear fuel.

4th place. Mike's device - 12 megatons

Initially, the Mike device (Evie Mike) had no value and was used as an experimental bomb. The nuclear cloud from its explosion rose thirty-seven kilometers, and the cloud cap reached 161 km in diameter. The force of the nuclear wave was estimated at twelve megatons. This power turned out to be quite enough to completely destroy all the islands of Elugelab on which the tests were carried out. Where they were, a crater formed, reaching two kilometers in diameter. Its depth was fifty meters. The distance over which the fragments carrying radioactive contamination scattered was fifty kilometers, if you count from the epicenter.

3rd place. Castle Yankee - 13.5 megatons

The second most powerful explosion carried out by American scientists was the Castle Yankee explosion. Preliminary calculations suggested that the power of the device could not exceed ten megatons, in terms of TNT equivalent. But the actual force of the explosion was thirteen and a half megatons. The leg of the nuclear mushroom stretched forty kilometers, and the cap - sixteen. Four days were enough for the radiation cloud to reach the city of Mexico, the distance to which from the site of the explosion was eleven thousand kilometers.

2nd place. Castle Bravo (Shrimp TX-21) – 15 megatons

The Americans have never tested a more powerful bomb than Castle Bravo. The operation was carried out in 1954 and entailed irreversible consequences for the environment. As a result of the fifteen megaton explosion, very strong radiation contamination occurred. Hundreds of people living in the Marshall Islands were exposed to radiation. The length of the stem of the nuclear mushroom reached forty kilometers, and the cap stretched for one hundred kilometers. As a result of the explosion, seabed A huge crater was formed, the diameter of which reached two kilometers. The consequences provoked by the tests forced the introduction of restrictions on operations in which nuclear projectiles were used.

1 place. Tsar Bomba (AN602) – 58 megatons

More powerful Soviet Tsar Bomba was not and is not the case all over the world. The length of the projectile reached eight meters, and the diameter - two. In 1961, this shell exploded on an archipelago called Novaya Zemlya. According to initial plans, the capacity of AN602 was supposed to be one hundred megatons. However, scientists, fearing the global destructive power of such a charge, decided to stop at fifty-eight megatons. The Tsar Bomba was activated at an altitude of four kilometers. The consequences of this shocked everyone. The fire cloud reached ten kilometers in diameter. The length of the “leg” of the nuclear mushroom was about 67 km, and the diameter of the cap covered 97 km. A very real danger threatened even the lives of people living at a distance of less than 400 kilometers. Echoes of the powerful sound wave were heard at a distance of a thousand kilometers. The surface of the island on which the tests were carried out became absolutely flat without protrusions or any buildings on it. The seismic wave managed to circle the Earth three times, allowing each of its inhabitants to feel all the power carried nuclear weapons. The result of this test was that representatives of more than a hundred countries signed an agreement prohibiting this type of testing. It does not matter what medium is chosen for this - earth, water or atmosphere.