Dagger sea-based anti-aircraft missile system. Nuclear "Dagger" and secret developments: what weapons did Putin talk about. Underwater drone with nuclear weapons
One of the most interesting aspects of Russian President Vladimir Putin’s recent address to the elite and masses was presentation of the latest weapons, which will soon take up combat duty. As it turned out, one of them is already actively guarding western borders our Motherland. Aviation missile system (ARK) "Dagger"- our guest today.
On March 11, 2018, the Russian Ministry of Defense published footage of a “combat training” launch of a Kinzhal missile from a MiG-31 carrier aircraft. This plane itself is unique. For more details about it, we told you in the context of the development of its newest replacement called the MiG-41. It is also called PAK-DP (Perspective aviation complex long-range interception).
As it turned out, it is impossible to hang a high-altitude rocket under a regular plane. Even the actually stratospheric MiG-31 in its version, including its anti-satellite version, is not capable of “working” with such a large load without additional changes in the design. The plane was modified, the missile was secured and sent on combat duty.
Many users note a number of inconsistencies in the published video. Why was it necessary to “blur” the rocket elements on the ground and open them in the air? A number of experts, such as the BMPD blog, noticed in the video one of the fighter aircraft used by RSK MiG as a flying laboratory. These facts may indicate the presence of a montage of a plot from several videos that differ in the shooting time of up to several years.Personnel of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
Another important fact is the unique similarity of the newest “Dagger” and the relatively middle-aged operational-tactical complex “Iskander-E”. More precisely, the missiles for it are designated 9M723. Visually, there is virtually no difference between them, and an increase of 70 cm in the length of the product can be caused by the installation of an aerodynamic fairing and a rocket nozzle that is jettisoned after separation from the carrier protection.
MiG-31 with the Kinzhal missile. Personnel of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
As for hypersound! Vladimir Putin, like our military, unanimously call new complex— hypersonic, i.e. flying towards the target at a speed 10-12 times higher than the speed of sound. From a theoretical point of view, everything is correct. Just think about it, 12,000 km/h! Hypersonic is the speed at which an object moves above Mach 5.(Mach 1 = 1062 km/h at an altitude of 11 km) However, American experts interpret the concept of a hypersonic product as using a ramjet engine for propulsion. And our blog frankly doesn’t give a damn what Western “partners” think. No other country in the world has such weapons, operating at such speeds, ranges and altitudes... except OURS!
"Russian newspaper"
She also maneuvers. Despite its enormous speed, the missile is capable of actively maneuvering throughout its flight to the target. If we draw an analogy with the Iskander, then even the developers cannot predict its trajectory... it flies as it wants, it’s a Russian rocket.
History of creation
In the 80s, at NPO "Altair" under the leadership of S.A. Fadeev created the Kinzhal short-range air defense system.
The Kinzhal air defense system is a multi-channel, all-mounted, autonomous complex capable of repelling a massive attack of low-flying anti-ship, anti-radar missiles, guided and unguided bombs, airplanes, helicopters, etc.
The complex is equipped with its own radar detection equipment (module K-12-1), providing the complex with complete independence and operational actions in the most difficult situations. The basis of the multi-channel complex is phased antenna arrays with electronically controlled beam and booster computing complex. The main operating mode of the complex is automatic (without the participation of personnel), based on the principles of “artificial intelligence”. The television-optical target detection devices built into the antenna post not only increase its immunity to interference in conditions of intense radio countermeasures, but also allow personnel to visually assess the nature of tracking and hitting targets. The radar equipment of the complex was developed at the Kvant Research Institute under the leadership of V.I. Guz and provide a detection range of air targets of 45 km at an altitude of 3.5 km.
"Dagger" can simultaneously fire at up to four targets in a spatial sector of 60 degrees. at 60 degrees, while aiming up to 8 missiles in parallel.
The reaction time of the complex ranges from 8 to 24 seconds depending on the radar mode.
Combat capabilities"Daggers" compared to the Osa-M air defense system are increased by 5-6 times.
In addition to the missile defense system, the Kinzhal complex can control the fire of 30-mm AK-360M assault rifles, finishing off surviving targets at a distance of up to 200 meters.
The complex uses a remote-controlled anti-aircraft missile 9M330-2, unified with the Tor land missile. The missile launch is vertical under the action of a catapult with further deflection of the missile by the gas-dynamic system towards the target. The engine is started at a safe altitude for the ship after the rocket has descended.
The warhead is detonated directly at the command of a pulse radio fuse in close proximity to the target. The radio fuse is noise-resistant and adapts when approaching the water surface. Warhead - high-explosive fragmentation type. The missiles are placed in transport and launch containers (TPC). The missiles do not need to be tested for 10 years.
Launchers complex "Dagger" developed by KB "Start" under the leadership of chief designer A.I. Yaskina. The launcher is below deck, consists of 3-4 drum-type launch modules, each containing 8 TPK with missiles. The weight of the module without missiles is 41.5 tons, the occupied area is 113 square meters. m. Calculation of the complex is 8 people.
Ship tests of the complex began in 1982 on the Black Sea on a small anti-submarine ship, Project 1124. During demonstration firing in the spring of 1986, 4 cruise missiles P-35. All P-35s were shot down by 4 Kinzhal air defense missiles.
The tests were difficult and missed all deadlines. So, for example, it was supposed to equip the Novossiysk aircraft carrier with the Kinzhal, but it was put into service with “holes” for the Kinzhal. On the first ships of Project 1155, one complex was installed instead of the required two.
And finally, in 1989, the Kinzhal air defense system was officially adopted by large anti-submarine ships of Project 1155, on which 8 modules of 8 missiles were installed.
Currently, the Kinzhal air defense system is in service with the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, the nuclear-powered missile cruiser Pyotr Velikiy (Project 1144.4), large anti-submarine ships Project 1155, 11551 and the newest patrol ships of the Neustrashimy type.
The Kinzhal air defense system is offered to foreign buyers under the name "Blade".
Developers
The complex as a whole - NPO "Altair"
SAM - MKB "Fakel"
Main characteristics of the complex
Target engagement range, km 1,5 - 12
when connecting a 30 mm caliber gun mount
from 200 m
Target engagement height, m 10 - 6000
Target speed, m/s up to 700
Number of simultaneously fired targets Number of simultaneously aimed missiles SAM guidance method telecontrol
Target detection range at an altitude of 3.5 km from own detection means, km Basic operating mode
Information sources
Military parade
A. Shirokorad "Rockets over the sea", magazine "Technology and Weapons" No. 5, 1996
Petrov A. M., Aseev D. A., Vasiliev E. M. et al. “Weapons Russian fleet 1696-1996." St. Petersburg: Shipbuilding
A.V. Karpenko "Russian rocket weapons 1943-1993". St. Petersburg, "PIKA", 1993
Early 1980s was marked by a sharp increase in the combat power of military fleets foreign countries world in which en masse modern anti-ship missiles began to arrive, which were used to arm combat surface ships of various classes and displacements, as well as combat boats and airplanes (helicopters).
Moreover, these were no longer those bulky and heavy “monsters” with which the first missile boats and ships were armed, but completely different products - small-sized, inconspicuous, with high-precision systems homing and the ability to follow the target almost over the crests of the waves, moreover, with the use of anti-aircraft maneuver.
All this made it difficult to timely detect such missiles, classify them and issue target designations to combat weapons of shipborne anti-aircraft and anti-aircraft systems. missile defense, which, coupled with the objective difficulty of hitting small, high-speed, low-flying targets, ultimately led to a significant decrease in the effectiveness of combating them and increased the vulnerability of ships to these weapons.
Particularly widespread in foreign fleets are the anti-ship missile systems (ASMC) of the Harpoon (USA) and Exocet (France) families, which, due to their relatively low cost, quickly paved the way for the arsenals of the “second line” navies, so that soon even the ships of recognized world-class maritime powers could not consider themselves safe in the ocean.
Especially bright new era, which advanced in the field of armed struggle at sea, was demonstrated by the Anglo-Argentine armed conflict over the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands in 1982, better known as the Falklands War. French Exocet anti-ship missiles, which were in service with the air force and naval forces Argentina (Super Etandar aircraft and surface ships) caused serious damage to the operational formation of Her Majesty's fleet. Almost all of the “exocets” launched by the Argentines found their targets, so if not for the embargo imposed by Paris on the supply of missiles already contracted by Buenos Aires, the skin of the rearing “British Lion” would have been significantly spoiled. It was after Falklands War in the fleets of the leading countries of the world, they urgently began to create new and modernize old air defense/missile defense systems that could provide reliable protection surface ships from such high-speed, small-sized and low-flying targets as the latest anti-ship missiles.
Anti-aircraft missile system "Dagger" ("Blade")
In the Soviet Union, work on creating modern, highly effective shipborne self-defense systems began in the second half of the 1970s. The command and specialists of the USSR Navy were able to promptly discern the threat posed by the latest anti-ship missiles. At the same time, work on the creation of such systems went in two directions - the creation of rapid-fire artillery systems, in the design of the barrel block of which it was decided to use the principle of the American designer Gatling (a rotating block of barrels), and the development of completely new, by and large unique ship-based anti-aircraft missile systems, distinctive the features of which were to be a high degree of response and guidance/homing accuracy, as well as high fire performance, ensuring the ability to effectively destroy such complex targets as low-flying anti-ship missiles.
As part of this process, in 1975, specialists from the State Research and Production Association (SNPO) "Altair" under the leadership of S.A. Fadeev on instructions from the command Soviet Navy started work on a new multi-channel shipborne air defense system, which was given the name "Dagger" ( NATO designation –S.A.- N-9 "Gauntlet", later the export designation appeared - “Blade”).
In addition to SNPO "Altair" ( today – JSC MNIRE “Altair”), determined by the general developer of the “Dagger” complex as a whole, the Design Bureau (KB) “Fakel” ( today – JSC MKB Fakel named after. Academician P.D. Grushina"; developer and manufacturer weapon anti-aircraft guided missile complex type 9M330), Serpukhov OJSC "Ratep" ( developer and manufacturer of the complex control system), Sverdlovsk Research and Production Enterprise (RPE) “Start” ( developer and manufacturer of the complex launcher) and other organizations and enterprises of the domestic defense-industrial complex.
When developing a new ship complex In order to obtain high tactical and technical characteristics, the developer decided to widely use the fundamental circuit solutions obtained during the creation of a shipborne air defense system long range“Fort”, namely a multi-channel radar with a phased array antenna with electronic beam control and a vertical launch of missiles from transport and launch containers located in an under-deck “revolver” type launcher (a launcher option for 8 missiles was chosen for the complex). In addition, to increase the autonomy of the new complex, similar to the Osa-M air defense system, the control system of the Kinzhal air defense system included its own all-round radar, located at a single antenna post 3P95.
The new air defense system used a radio command guidance system for anti-aircraft guided missiles, which differed high accuracy(efficiency). Plus, in order to ensure increased noise immunity, a television-optical tracking system was additionally included in the antenna post. Ultimately, according to experts, in comparison with the old ship-based air defense system of the Osa-M type, the combat capabilities of the Kinzhal type air defense system were increased by approximately 5-6 times.
Tests of the Kinzhal air defense system took place in the Black Sea, starting in 1982, on a small anti-submarine ship MPK-104, completed according to a specially modified project 1124K. According to data published in the open press, during demonstration firing in the spring of 1986, the complex installed on board the MPK-104, four missiles shot down all four P-35 cruise missiles, which were used as simulators of enemy air attack weapons and launched from coastal launchers. However, the high novelty and complexity of the new missile system led to a serious delay in its development and refinement, so it was only by 1986 that the Kinzhal-type air defense system was finally adopted by the USSR Navy. But on large anti-submarine ships of Project 1155, in full, according to the previously approved plan, configuration option - 8 modules of 8 missiles each - the complex was installed only in 1989. Around the second half of the 1990s. a complex called “Blade” is offered for export, supplies are already available.
It should be especially noted that the technical and technological difficulties that the developers of the Kinzhal air defense system had to face led to the fact that, despite the initial requirement of the customer’s tactical and technical specifications, to meet the weight and size characteristics of the ship’s self-defense air defense system of the Osa-M type, to fulfill this condition was not possible. Ultimately, this made it possible to equip this complex only warships with a displacement of 800 tons and above. However, the characteristics of the complex make it possible to place 2-4 anti-aircraft guns on ships of medium and large displacement missile complex“Dagger”, and the control system of each of them can control four launchers.
The shipborne multi-channel all-weather autonomous anti-aircraft missile system for self-defense of surface ships "Dagger" (3K95) is designed for self-defense of surface ships and vessels - repelling, in conditions of intense electronic countermeasures, massive attacks of unmanned and manned air attack weapons operating at low and medium altitudes, especially low-flying high-speed high-precision anti-ship cruise missiles with modern systems guidance (homing), as well as for hitting surface targets (ships and vessels) and such “borderline” models of equipment as ekranoplanes and ekranoplanes.
The complex has a modular design and high modernization potential, and also - which is not very widely known - can be used in an onshore version. The Kinzhal complex is capable of independently detecting air and sea targets and hitting up to four targets simultaneously with guided anti-aircraft missiles. The complex can use information - target designation data - from general ship target designation systems, as well as control the fire of rapid-fire 30-mm anti-aircraft gun mounts included in the general circuit, which makes it possible to complete the shooting of air targets that have broken through the firing lines of anti-aircraft guided missiles or unexpectedly appearing targets at a nearby line – at a distance of 200 m from the ship. Combat work The complex is fully automated, but can also be carried out with the active participation of operators. In the spatial sector 60x60 degrees. The Kinzhal complex is capable of simultaneously firing eight missiles at four air targets.
The Kinzhal complex in its basic (standard) version includes the following subsystems and means:
Combat assets - anti-aircraft guided missiles of the 9M330-2 family, supplied in transport and launch containers (TPC);
Below-deck launchers of type 3S95 - revolving type with vertical launch of missiles from TPK (three - four launching modules (installations) of the “revolving" type, each of which houses 8 missiles in sealed transport and launch containers);
Shipboard multi-channel control system;
Ground handling facilities.
The 9M330-2 anti-aircraft guided missile was developed at the Fakel design bureau under the leadership of P.D. Grushin and was unified with the missile defense system used in the army self-propelled air defense system "Tor", which was created almost simultaneously with the ship-based air defense system "Dagger". The missile is designed to destroy various air attack weapons (tactical and naval aircraft, helicopters, guided missiles of various classes, including anti-ship and anti-radar, and guided and adjustable aerial bombs, as well as unmanned aircraft various classes and types) in a wide range of conditions combat use. The use of these missiles is also possible against small surface targets.
The 9M330-2 rocket is single-stage, made according to the canard aerodynamic configuration with a freely rotating tail wing unit that can be opened after launch, has a dual-mode solid propellant rocket engine (solid propellant rocket motor) and is equipped with a unique gas-dynamic system, which after the launch of the rocket - before turning on its booster and sustainer solid propellant motor – tilts (orients) it towards the target. The rocket launch is vertical from an below-deck launcher, using a catapult placed in the transport and launch container of the rocket, without first turning the launcher towards the target.
Structurally, the 9M330-2 type rocket includes several compartments in which following systems and equipment (equipment): radio fuse, rocket rudder control units, rocket gas-dynamic declination system, high-explosive fragmentation combat unit, onboard equipment units, dual-mode solid propellant rocket motor and control command receivers.
The missile's warhead is high-explosive fragmentation with high-energy fragments (high penetrating force) and a non-contact pulse radio fuse. The missile guidance system is radio command, based on radio commands from a guidance station located on the ship (telecontrol). The missile warhead is detonated as it approaches the target, following a command from a radio fuse or a command from a guidance station. The radio fuse is noise-proof and adapts when approaching the water surface.
“The missile has high aerodynamic qualities, good maneuverability, controllability and stability through control channels and ensures the destruction of maneuvering and straight-flying high-speed targets,” the reference book “Weapons and Technologies of Russia. Encyclopedia of the XXI century. Volume III: Armament Navy"(Publishing House "Weapons and Technologies", 2001, pp. 209-214).
The 9M330-2 missile has the following main performance characteristics: rocket length - 2895 mm, rocket body diameter - 230 mm, wingspan - 650 mm, rocket weight - 167 kg, rocket warhead weight - 14.5 - 15.0 kg, rocket flight speed - 850 m/s, zone destruction range - 1.5 - 12 km, destruction zone in height - 10 - 6000 m. The missile is operated in a special sealed transport and launch container, does not require checks and adjustments throughout its entire service life (guaranteed storage period on the carrier or in arsenal without inspections and maintenance - up to 10 years). It should be noted that placing the missile in a sealed transport and launch container makes it possible to ensure its high safety, constant combat readiness, ease of transportation and safety when loading missiles into the launcher of the ship's Kinzhal air defense system.
Eight-container drum (or “revolving”) type launchers 3S95, located under the ship’s deck, provide the so-called “cold” (ejection) launch of missiles with an inoperative engine - the latter is turned on only after the missile reaches a safe height above the deck (superstructures) and its declination in the direction of the target being fired. This method of launching rockets avoids the destructive effects of the rocket's torch on ship structures and makes it possible to ensure the minimum value of the near border of the Kinzhal complex’s affected area. Distinctive feature The launch system of the complex is the ability to fire missiles from below-deck launchers in conditions of rolling up to 20°. The estimated interval between starts is only 3 seconds. The launcher of the complex includes three or four unified launchers (modules) with autonomous guidance drives, and starting device– “revolving” or drum type – has a launch cover that rotates relative to the launcher drum, covering the launch window through which the anti-aircraft guided missile is ejected. The launcher was developed by specialists from NPP Start under the leadership of chief designer A.I. Yaskina.
The ship's control system of the Kinzhal complex was developed by specialists from Ratep JSC (Serpukhov), is multi-channel and is designed for the simultaneous use of missile and artillery weapons complex for any of the accompanied targets. The control system of the Kinzhal air defense system solves the problems set out in the software package and includes a detection module that solves the following problems: detection of air targets, including low-flying ones, and surface targets; simultaneous tracking of up to 8 targets; analysis of the air situation with the placement of targets according to the degree of danger; generation of target designation data and issuance of data (range, bearing and elevation); issuing (data) target designation to the ship's air defense systems.
The control system of the Kinzhal anti-aircraft missile system includes:
Radar means of target detection and identification;
Radar means for target tracking and missile guidance;
Television-optical means of target tracking;
High-speed digital computing complex;
Automatic starting equipment;
30 mm fire control system artillery installations type AK-630M/AK-306, which is installed at the request of the customer.
“The original design of the antenna post provides for the placement on a single base of parabolic mirror antennas of a detection module with built-in identification antennas and phased array antennas (PAA) with electronic beam control, intended for tracking targets, capturing and guiding missiles,” states the Weapons reference book. and technologies of Russia. Encyclopedia of the XXI century. Volume III: Armament of the Navy" (p. 209-214). Distinctive feature of the transmitting device Radar systems The missile firing control of the complex is its alternate operation in the target and missile channels.
The radar control system of the Kinzhal air defense system includes its own two-dimensional noise-immune all-round radar for detecting air and surface targets (module K-12-1), which has a constant rotation speed - 30 or 12 revolutions per minute - and is capable of detecting air targets at an altitude of 3.5 km at a range of up to 45 km and providing the Kinzhal complex with complete independence (autonomy) and high efficiency of action, in conditions of the most complicated situation due to various circumstances.
The operation of the ship's anti-aircraft missile system is ensured by a modern digital computing complex, which is distinguished by its advanced software, created on the basis of multi-program two-machine information processing in real time, and provides a high degree of automation of the combat work of the entire complex. The computer complex ensures operation of the Kinzhal air defense system in various modes, including fully automatic mode, when all actions to detect a target using its own radars or receiving target designation data from general ship radars, acquiring a target (targets) for tracking, generating data for firing, launch and guidance of the missile (missiles), evaluation of firing results and transfer of fire to other targets are carried out automatically, using " artificial intelligence"and completely without the intervention (participation) of the air defense missile system combat crew operators. The presence of this mode provides the complex with a significantly higher combat potential (combat capabilities), including in comparison with the operation of weapon systems that use the “fire and forget” principle (in the case of the operation of the Kinzhal air defense system, the operator does not even have to worry about you need to find a target and fire at it - the complex does everything independently).
The use of phased antenna arrays, electronic beam control and the presence of a high-speed computer complex (computer) ensure the above-mentioned multi-channel nature of the Kinzhal air defense system. In addition, the presence of television-optical means for detecting air and surface targets built into the antenna post in the complex further increases its immunity to interference in conditions of intensive use of means by the enemy electronic warfare, and also allow the combat crew of the complex to perform a visual assessment of the results of tracking targets with the complex and their subsequent destruction.
The development of radar systems for the Kinzhal air defense system was carried out by specialists from the Kvant Research Institute (SRI) under the leadership of V.I. Guzya.
The modernization of the Kinzhal air defense system is carried out in the direction of improving its tactical, technical and operational characteristics, especially in terms of significantly increasing the damaging potential of the complex and expanding its destruction zone in range and height, as well as reducing the weight and size characteristics of the complex as a whole and its individual elements(subsystems).
The Kinzhal air defense system is currently installed on the following types of warships: Project 11435 TAVKR "Admiral of the Fleet" Soviet Union Kuznetsov" (24 launch modules of 8 missiles each, ammunition - 192 missiles), TARKR project 11442 "Peter the Great" (1 vertical launch unit, ammunition - 64 missiles), BOD project 1155 and 11551 (8 launch modules, ammunition - 64 SAM), TFR project 11540 (4 launch modules, ammunition - 32 SAM). The Kinzhal complex was also planned for placement on aircraft-carrying ships (aircraft carriers) of projects 11436 and 11437, which, however, were never completed.
TABLE 1
Main tactical and technical characteristics of the Kinzhal (Blade) air defense system
TABLE 2
Tactical and technical characteristics of the control system of the air defense system "Dagger" ("Blade")
In the 80s, at NPO Altair, under the leadership of S.A. Fadeev created the Kinzhal short-range air defense system. Anti-aircraft guided missiles for the complex were developed by the Fakel IKB.
Ship tests of the complex began in 1982 on the Black Sea on a small anti-submarine ship pr.1124. During demonstration firing in the spring of 1986, 4 P-35 cruise missiles were launched from coastal installations at the MPK. All P-35s were shot down by 4 Kinzhal air defense missiles. The tests were difficult and the deadline for putting the complex into service had to be periodically pushed back; it also took quite a long time for the industry to establish serial production"Daggers". As a result, a number of Navy ships had to be accepted under-equipped. For example, the Kinzhal was supposed to equip the Novorossiysk aircraft carrier, but it was put into service with reserved volumes for the Kinzhal. On the first ships of Project 1155, one complex was installed instead of the required two. It was only in 1989 that the Kinzhal air defense system was officially put into service.
The Kinzhal air defense system is a multi-channel, all-weather, autonomous complex capable of repelling a massive attack of low-flying anti-ship, anti-radar missiles, guided and unguided bombs, airplanes, helicopters, etc. The Kinzhal air defense system uses the basic circuit design of the S-300F Fort air defense system - the presence of a multifunctional radar, the launch of missiles from the TPK in the drum-type VPU. The complex can receive target designation from any shipborne CC detection radar.
The complex is equipped with its own radar detection equipment (module K-12-1), providing the complex with complete independence and operational actions in the most difficult situations. The multichannel complex is based on phased array antennas with electronic beam control and a high-speed computing complex. The target detection radar has a range of up to 45 km and operates in the K (X,1) range. A distinctive feature of the complex's radar transmitting device is its alternate operation in the target and missile channels. Depending on the operating mode, the sending frequencies and pulse durations change. AP radar "Dagger" is combined, as in the Osa-M air defense system: the antenna of the CC detection radar is combined with the AP of firing stations and is a phased array. The main phased array provides additional search and tracking of targets and guidance of missiles at them, the other two are designed to capture the response signal of a launched missile and place it on a marching trajectory. With the help of its digital computing complex, the Kinzhal air defense system can operate in various modes, incl. in fully automatic mode: acquisition of a target for tracking, generation of data for firing, launching and targeting of missiles, evaluation of firing results and transfer of fire to other targets. The main operating mode of the complex is automatic (without the participation of personnel), based on the principles of “artificial intelligence”. The television-optical target detection equipment built into the antenna post not only increases its immunity to interference in conditions of intense radio countermeasures, but also allows personnel visually assess the nature of tracking and hitting targets. The radar equipment of the complex was developed at the Kvant Research Institute under the leadership of V.I. Guz and provide a detection range of air targets of 45 km at an altitude of 3.5 km.
"Dagger" can simultaneously fire at up to four targets in a spatial sector of 60 degrees. at 60 degrees, while up to 8 missiles are aimed in parallel. The reaction time of the complex ranges from 8 to 24 seconds depending on the radar mode. The combat capabilities of the Kinzhal compared to the Osa-M air defense system have been increased by 5-6 times. In addition to the missile defense system, the Kinzhal complex can control the fire of 30-mm AK-360M assault rifles, finishing off surviving targets at a distance of up to 200 meters.
The complex uses a remote-controlled anti-aircraft missile 9M330-2, unified with the missile of the Tor land complex. The rocket was developed at the Fakel design bureau under the leadership of P.D. Grushina. It is single-stage with a dual-mode solid propellant engine. The missiles are placed in transport and launch containers (TPC), which ensures their safety, constant combat readiness, ease of transportation and safety when loading into the launcher. Rockets do not need to be tested for 10 years. The 9M330 is made according to the canard aerodynamic configuration and uses a freely rotating wing unit. Its wings are foldable, which made it possible to place the 9M330 in an extremely “compressed” TPK square section. The launch of the missile is vertical using a catapult with further deflection of the missile by the gas-dynamic system towards the target. Rockets can be launched on a rolling pitch of up to 20 degrees. The engine is started at a safe altitude for the ship after the rocket has descended. Aiming the missiles at the target is carried out by remote control. The warhead is detonated directly at the command of a pulse radio fuse in close proximity to the target. The radio fuse is noise-resistant and adapts when approaching the water surface. Warhead - high-explosive fragmentation type.
The launchers of the Kinzhal complex were developed by the Start design bureau under the leadership of chief designer A.I. Yaskina. The launcher is below deck, consists of 3-4 drum-type launch modules, each containing 8 TPK with missiles. The weight of the module without missiles is 41.5 tons, the occupied area is 113 square meters. m. Calculation of the complex is 13 people.
Currently, the Kinzhal air defense system is in service with the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, nuclear-powered missile cruisers Project 1144.2 Orlan, large anti-submarine ships Project 1155, 1155.1 Udaloy (installed 8 modules of 8 missiles each) and the latest patrol ship ship "Neustrashimy" pr.11540 "Yastreb". On this moment anti-aircraft missile system"Dagger" is the best shipborne air defense system medium range in the world.
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