How does air humidity affect human well-being? How to increase air humidity in an apartment: signs of “dryness” and ways to eliminate it How air humidity affects the human body

Every day, the skin of every person is influenced by various negative factors, such as weather conditions, the environment, and the ecological situation in the region of residence. The most negative effect on the skin is caused by ultraviolet rays when exposed to the open sun or during normal tanning. But the effect of air humidity on the skin is also important, since there are many subtleties here.

Humidity and skin

Of course, every person has noticed that on hot days and dry weather, as well as when exposed to dry wind for a long time, one becomes very thirsty. The body at this time requires large quantity liquid, as it loses water due to external natural factors and needs to replenish these losses.

However, even when drinking large volumes of liquid in the presence of dry air, skin cells do not have enough moisture to function normally, since it evaporates in large quantities through the skin.

Air humidity is a certain indicator of the amount of water contained in it. This indicator is of particular importance for the general condition of a person and his skin, and also affects the degree of comfort of being indoors or outdoors.

For example, in the summer, on the hottest days, most people find it very uncomfortable to be outside because it is difficult to breathe. This is explained by the fact that when heated, the air is saturated with moisture (its evaporation from the surface of reservoirs and soil), and the higher the air temperature, the greater the volume of water it can absorb. As a result, on hot days, especially if it has rained before, people experience serious discomfort and breathing problems. Of course, this condition also affects the skin, since the heat causes increased sweating, which can lead to serious fluid loss.

About the same thing happens in winter, when there is severe frost outside. During this period, air humidity usually decreases, since due to the low temperature water does not evaporate, but at the same time the air is also ready to accept moisture and absorb it. As a result, in the cold it is very difficult to breathe due to the dry air. With breathing, a lot of steam comes out, the molecules of which are immediately absorbed into the air. As a result, the body loses large volumes of water. The air takes water away from the skin of the face, as well as from other open areas of the body. That is why, after a long stay in the cold, as well as in the heat, the skin becomes dry and dehydrated.

As a rule, if the air temperature is high, but the air humidity is low, people tolerate it much more easily and have less impact on the condition of the skin. At low temperatures accompanied by high levels of air humidity, rapid hypothermia can occur.

What are the dangers of violating the humidity level?

The most comfortable indicators of air humidity for a person’s condition, his health and maintaining the correct water balance in the body and skin cells is a value from 30% to 60%. If the indicators deviate in any direction, this can lead to various negative consequences.

At low air humidity, due to strong evaporation of moisture, the skin very quickly dries out, becomes dehydrated, and begins to peel and crack. As a result, damage to the skin appears, which is not always noticeable to the eye, but, nevertheless, allows free access to the body for a variety of pathogenic microorganisms that can provoke the formation of an inflammatory process and acne, as well as infection with serious diseases.

In addition, when the humidity is too high in the hot season, the body sweats intensely, trying to cool the skin and protect it from overheating, not only losing water, but also forming a sticky film on the surface of the skin, to which dust and other contaminants stick. The result can be not only dehydration of the skin, but also a large number of acne caused by clogged pores and sebaceous ducts.

If the air humidity is high, the body begins to lose heat simultaneously with intense sweating, resulting in a serious risk of overheating. In this case, not only the human skin suffers, but the entire body. At long stay in rooms with high air humidity, a person may experience a general decrease in immunity, which results in not only skin diseases, but also various diseases internal organs, and there is also an exacerbation of existing diseases.

Of course, it is impossible to say unequivocally that when the level of air humidity increases or decreases, a person will definitely develop skin problems, since each organism is individual and its reaction to certain environmental changes is simply impossible to predict. Skin reaction different people changes in the environment will be different, and if a certain level of air humidity affects the skin of one person positive influence, then in relation to the skin of another person it may turn out to be negative.

For example, with dry skin, a high level of air humidity will be useful, since the water in the air will become an additional source of hydration of the epidermis. A low level Humidity with dry skin will provoke the appearance of peeling and dehydration. In addition, humidity helps smooth out wrinkles. However, if you have oily skin, high humidity levels can be a factor in causing acne. Therefore, quite often the condition of the skin depends on the air humidity in the apartment or other room.

In most cases, in winter, the air in apartments and houses has a low level of humidity, which is facilitated by the operation of various heating devices. As a result, the skin becomes drier, thinner, and may show signs of aging. Therefore, in winter, the skin needs additional care, hydration and nutrition. It is also recommended to humidify the air in the apartment, using special air humidifiers or simply placing containers with clean water, the evaporation of which will provide additional humidity.

As a rule, in order to avoid undesirable consequences and complications, cosmetologists recommend adjusting to a certain level of air humidity, providing the skin the necessary conditions. At low humidity levels, the skin must be treated with creams and other products for deep intensive hydration and nutrition. Such products have a fairly dense structure, and their use helps prevent dehydration. However, when humidity levels are high, you should also not forget about hydration, especially in the summer. But creams with a dense structure are not suitable here. In summer, it is best to use moisturizing gels that quickly penetrate the skin and do not create unnecessary heaviness.

Video about dry air in apartments

The concept of air humidity is defined as the actual presence of water particles in a certain physical environment, including the atmosphere. In this case, it is necessary to distinguish between absolute and relative humidity: in the first case we are talking about the pure percentage amount of moisture. According to the law of thermodynamics, the maximum content of water molecules in the air is limited. The maximum permissible level determines the relative humidity and depends on a number of factors:

• Atmosphere pressure;
• air temperature;
• presence of small particles (dust);
• level of chemical pollution;

The generally accepted measurement measure is percentage, and the calculation is carried out using a special formula, which will be discussed later.

Absolute humidity is measured in grams per cubic centimeter, which for convenience are also converted into percentages. As altitude increases, the amount of moisture may increase depending on the region, but once a certain ceiling is reached (approximately 6-7 kilometers above sea level), the humidity drops to around zero values. Absolute humidity is considered one of the main macroparameters: planetary climate maps and zones are compiled on its basis.

Humidity level detection

(A psychometer device - it is used to determine humidity by the temperature difference between a dry and wet thermometer)

Humidity by absolute ratio is determined using special instruments that determine the percentage of water molecules in the atmosphere. As a rule, daily fluctuations are negligible - this indicator can be considered static and does not reflect important climatic conditions. Against, relative humidity is subject to strong daily fluctuations, and reflects the exact distribution of condensed moisture, its pressure and equilibrium saturation. This indicator is considered the main one and is calculated at least once a day.

Determination of relative air humidity is carried out using a complex formula that takes into account:

• current dew point;
• temperature;
• saturated steam pressure;
• various mathematical models;

In the practice of synoptic forecasts, a simplified approach is used when humidity is calculated approximately, taking into account the temperature difference and the dew point (the mark when excess moisture falls in the form of precipitation). This approach allows you to determine the required indicators with 90-95% accuracy, which is more than enough for everyday needs.

Dependence on natural factors

The content of water molecules in the air depends on climatic features specific region, weather conditions, atmospheric pressure and some other conditions. Yes, the greatest absolute humidity observed in tropical and coastal zones and reaches 5%. Relative humidity is further affected by fluctuations in a number of factors discussed earlier. During the rainy season with conditions of low atmospheric pressure, relative humidity levels can reach 85-95%. High pressure reduces the saturation of water vapor in the atmosphere, lowering its level accordingly.

An important feature of relative humidity is its dependence on the thermodynamic state. The natural equilibrium humidity is 100%, which, of course, is unattainable due to the extreme instability of the climate. Technogenic factors also influence fluctuations in atmospheric humidity. In megacities, there is increased evaporation of moisture from asphalt surfaces, simultaneously with the release of large amounts of suspended particles and carbon monoxide. This causes a strong decrease in humidity in most cities around the world.

Effect on the human body

The limits of atmospheric humidity that are comfortable for humans range from 40 to 70%. Prolonged stay in conditions of strong deviation from this norm can cause a noticeable deterioration in well-being, up to the development of pathological conditions. It should be noted that a person is especially sensitive to excessively low humidity, experiencing a number of characteristic symptoms:

• irritation of mucous membranes;
• development of chronic rhinitis;
• increased fatigue;
• deterioration of the skin condition;
• decreased immunity;

Among the negative effects of high humidity, one can note the risk of developing fungal and colds.

We hear about relative humidity every day in the weather forecast. What is relative humidity level and why is information about it important to us?

Each area has its own climate. We get so used to the climatic conditions of our region and rarely think about the harm or benefit they have on our health. We propose to deal with this issue in this article.

So what is climate? This collective concept includes a list of natural factors, such as temperature and humidity, altitude, wind strength, sunlight and others characteristic of a particular area. Weather refers to the state of the lower atmospheric layer in a certain area during a specific period of time. The weather is set under the influence climatic factors, which, in turn, have different effects on a person’s well-being and health: they can strengthen the immune system, or they can cause diseases, but the key word here is influence!

During its existence, the body adapts to changing environmental conditions thanks to adaptive reactions, and 2-3 weeks are enough to adapt to a new climate without stress. Moreover, a person is able to adapt to the most extreme conditions ( shining example- ice age), but this takes time, much more than a couple of weeks. And when this time does not exist, adaptive reactions become destructive, for example, when a person goes on vacation to the tropics in winter: in addition to a sharp change in climate, biological rhythms fail (desynchronosis), and one aggravates the other.

Dependence on weather factors exists, and for some people it is very strong. The strength of the body's response to changes in environmental factors is called the “meteotropic reaction.” All people with increased sensitivity to climatic factors are divided into 2 categories:

1. Weather dependent. They feel bad when the weather changes, atmospheric pressure changes, sudden temperature changes, etc. The condition returns to normal when the weather returns to normal.
2. People who do not tolerate a certain climate or factor characteristic of a climate zone: high humidity, strong wind, low temperature, etc. These factors cause a number of diseases. The condition improves only with climate change.

Increases weather dependence:

• chronic diseases;
• dysfunction of the heart and blood vessels;
• stress;
• physical inactivity;
• childhood and old age;
• characteristics of the individual.

Weather and climate have an impact even on those whose bodies do not respond to weather changes. Some “common” diseases worsen at certain times of the year: colds, viral diseases and inflammatory processes of the respiratory system most often occur in winter and in the off-season, and the height of intestinal infections occurs in the summer.

It is a well-known fact that for a number of diseases a person becomes much better after recovery in the recommended climatic conditions. Many methods of balneological treatment are based on this: health resorts and sanatoriums located in a certain area invite a narrow category of patients to improve their health.

Today there is a separate direction in medicine - climatotherapy, rooted in history. The influence of weather and climatic factors on health began to be studied in the 18th century. Even then, many climatic resorts appeared where people with tuberculosis and nervous diseases were treated.

Before the active development of synthetic pharmacology, therapy for many diseases was carried out in health resorts, which have now been transformed from places of treatment to places of recreation. However, the importance of climatotherapy is increasing every year, especially against the backdrop of the fact that many people are switching to natural, natural methods of treatment, thereby reducing the drug burden on the body.

• Mountain (not alpine!) climate has a positive effect on the condition of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and is recommended for patients with bronchitis, chronic inflammatory processes in the lungs, bronchial asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, anemia, as well as children and adults with reduced immunity. It has a positive effect on the treatment of diseases of the nervous system and is especially recommended for asthenics.
• The maritime climate increases immunity and improves the body's adaptive capabilities. Recommended for patients suffering from diseases of the respiratory system, metabolism, nervous system, thyroid dysfunction and pathologies of the musculoskeletal system (in autumn and spring, when the air temperature is not yet high).
• Forest-steppe climate with its characteristic moderate humidity and slight temperature difference, it is most favorable for patients with vascular and heart diseases.
• The desert climate is characterized by dry air and high air temperatures. It causes intense sweating, and salts come out with sweat, which has a positive effect on the standing of people with certain kidney diseases.
• Forest climate middle zone with a predominance of coniferous forests, it is optimal for the treatment of diseases of the respiratory system (including bronchial asthma) and the nervous system, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. A bunch of essential oils heal the respiratory tract, improve blood circulation and have a positive effect on the immune system.

The most popular sanatoriums are located in places where several resort areas intersect, which greatly increases the effectiveness of treatment for a wide range of diseases. The combination of mountain and sea climates has a particularly positive effect on health ( Black Sea coast Caucasus, Abkhazia, Southern coast of Crimea).

People with increased meteosensitivity should not live and work in the Far North and equatorial climate - the body will experience enormous stress! It is recommended to undergo preventive treatment in health resorts located in climatic zone accommodation.

Let's consider the influence of individual climatic factors on health.

The influence of temperature factors on the body

The intensity of thermoregulation and metabolism directly depends on air temperature. For example, when T is below 18 degrees, our energy goes to warming the body, and the metabolic rate increases compensatoryly. At elevated temperatures, metabolism is slowed down, superficial vessels are dilated for better heat transfer, water evaporation increases both from the pulmonary alveoli and from the surface of the skin: all these mechanisms help to avoid overheating. The optimal physiological level for the body is considered to be 18-20 C.

Temperature depends on the altitude above sea level, geographic latitude, and the time of year, so it is never constant, and the human body constantly adapts to its changes, reacting to changes purely individually.

Let's consider the positive and negative effects of different temperatures on health

Lately, nature likes to “joke”, that’s why it snows in May or warm January are already perceived calmly. But the body is not used to such jumps. Anomalous warming, which occurs in winter, develops due to the invasion of warm air masses: atmospheric pressure decreases, humidity increases, and oxygen levels in the air decrease. Therefore, even healthy people during this period feel overwhelmed and drowsy, and some experience worsening chronic diseases. During this period, it is recommended to get plenty of rest, avoid stress, and give up heavy foods.

The effect of humidity on health and immunity

Air humidity is formed due to microscopic particles of water dissolved in environment. Humidity directly depends on air temperature: the higher it is, the more moisture is in suspension. Normal indicators are 60-80%. Low humidity less than 55% negatively affects the mucous membranes and skin, which dry out and lose their protective properties. High humidity prevents the normal evaporation of sweat, which is why a person does not tolerate heat well and increases the risk of heat stroke. In addition, with high humidity, sub-zero temperatures are poorly tolerated.

Positive effects of normal humidity

• Normal humidity supports local immunity of the respiratory tract, which means it protects against the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the respiratory system.
• Improves the synthesis of bronchopulmonary secretions. The cilia of the ciliated epithelium remove mucus to the outside, along with bacteria, allergens and dust.

Negative Impact

High humidity:

• sharply increases the risk of overheating and hypothermia: frostbite of the legs, arms, face and other parts of the body can already occur at a temperature of -5-10 C;
• increases the risk of colds because it weakens the immune system. In addition, excessively humid air is always characterized by a high content of viruses, bacteria and fungal spores;
• leads to deterioration of the condition of people with diseases of bones and joints, lungs;
• coupled with high temperature causes fatigue, irritability and discomfort.

Low humidity:

• leads to drying out of the mucous membranes, which is manifested by pain in the eyes, nosebleeds, nasal congestion, and frequent colds;
• increases the risk of respiratory diseases: mucus, thickening and stagnating in the nose and bronchi, becomes a good environment for the proliferation of viruses, bacteria and the accumulation of allergens;
• leads to disruption of ionic balance, and positively charged ions become predominant in the body;
• worsens the condition of allergy and asthma sufferers.

To prevent the negative impact of this factor on health, you should:

• maintain normal humidity in the room. To track indicators there are special devices– hygrometers. If the air is dry, it needs to be moistened by ventilation or using a special humidifier, and if there is excessive humidity, it should be slightly dried;
• Regularly ventilate the premises - this contributes to the formation of a healthy environment.

The influence of atmospheric pressure on immunity

The unit of atmospheric pressure is a conventional indicator that denotes air pressure per unit area. Normal values ​​are 760-770 mmHg. When the weather changes, minor fluctuations in atmospheric pressure most often occur, which are balanced by internal pressure. Air moves from a high-pressure zone to a low-pressure zone to balance the difference, and as a result, anticyclones, cyclones, fogs, etc. appear.

Significant surges that occur during atmospheric fronts when air currents with different temperatures collide can cause attacks of dizziness, migraines and surges in blood pressure. These negative manifestations associated with a slowdown in blood flow, which is compensated by the release of adrenaline and an increase in blood pressure. In weather-dependent people, the release of adrenaline causes unpleasant sensations. Thus, neither high nor low atmospheric pressure has a positive effect.

Negative influence

For weather-sensitive people, it is not so important what pressure has established itself, but the fact of a change in this weather factor (differences of 10-20 gP during the day are considered strong). To avoid changes in your condition during changes in atmospheric pressure, especially for people with increased weather sensitivity, you should:

• get a good night's sleep and avoid overwork;
• perform light exercises in the morning to improve blood circulation;
• take a contrast shower, which improves the condition of blood vessels;
• follow a light, low-calorie diet and saturate the diet with potassium-containing foods: spinach, nuts, mushrooms, dried fruits;
• For patients with chronic pathologies, it is very important to follow all doctor’s recommendations and not skip medications.

The effect of wind speed on health

The wind we are used to is the movement of air masses, during which the upper and lower layers of air mix, which reduces gas pollution and makes breathing easier. The optimal indicator is 1-4 m/s: with such wind, heat exchange and thermoregulation occur at a physiological level.

Positive influence

• Wind within 1-4 m/s reduces dust and air pollution in megacities, reduces the concentration of harmful chemicals and smog.
• Together with warm weather(20-22 C) improves the evaporation of moisture from the skin, has a tonic effect on the body, activates internal reserves;
• At a wind speed of 4-8 m/s, the functioning of the nervous, immune and endocrine systems improves, and the body's resistance to infections improves;
• Reduces the risk of overheating in hot weather.

Negative Impact

• Wind of more than 20 m/s causes difficulty breathing: it affects the mechanoreceptors of the respiratory tract mucosa and causes a reflex narrowing of the vocal cords and bronchi. Increases heat transfer, so the cold is more noticeable in windy weather;
• Causes anxiety and restlessness;
• Increases the risk of colds. Wind, and especially drafts, cause muscle and vascular spasms in a local area of ​​the body, after which inflammation and pain develop and optimal conditions are created for the proliferation of bacteria. It is in this scenario that neuralgia, runny nose, mild colds, exacerbation of chronic rheumatism, radiculitis often develop;
• It dries out the mucous membranes and skin, which impair their protective properties. The skin begins to peel, dries out, cracks, and pathogenic flora easily penetrates microdamages.

• avoid drafts;
• dress according to the weather.

The effect of air pollution on immunity

Residents of megacities breathe air polluted by exhaust particles, emissions from factories and enterprises, coal combustion products, and dust. Together, these substances create a dangerous aerosol in the air, which increases the risk of developing coronary artery disease, thrombosis, bronchial asthma and other allergic diseases, inflammatory processes of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and cancer. A particular health hazard is posed by smog - a fog of harmful chemical particles that “hangs” over major cities in weather without wind.

The air we breathe contains positively and negatively charged ions, the percentage of which depends on the time of year, the purity of the atmosphere, atmospheric pressure and other factors. Positively charged particles negatively affect humans, causing headaches, fatigue, general malaise and increasing the risk of heart attack. Negatively charged ions accelerate wound healing, improve mood and well-being.

Positive Impact

Air with naturally occurring impurities has a positive effect on health.

• Sea salts. The air on the sea coast is characterized by high humidity and a special composition: it is saturated with salts and minerals from sea ​​water. This air environment has a beneficial effect on the bronchi and lungs, reducing the likelihood of croup and exacerbation of bronchial asthma.
• Some phytoncides that are released coniferous trees(young pines, spruces, thuja, fir), as well as poplar and birch, have a detrimental effect on bacteria and fungi and stop their growth.
• Negatively charged ions. There are especially many of them in the air after a thunderstorm, as well as near mountain waterfalls and on the banks of reservoirs. Ions with a negative charge accelerate the recovery of the body after infections and injuries, normalize the condition of the mucous membranes lining the respiratory tract, and have a positive effect on the central nervous system.

Bad influence

• Carbon and nitrogen monoxide causes oxygen starvation, leading to malaise and headaches. The main contribution to the formation of these compounds comes from motor vehicles and emissions from industrial enterprises.
• Sulfur dioxide is a compound that irritates the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and eyes and reduces their protective properties. Causes conjunctivitis, bronchitis, heart and vascular diseases. It is actively formed during the combustion of coal at thermal power plants and enters the air with industrial emissions.
• Soot is a carcinogen. Its particles less than 5 microns settle in the alveoli and are no longer removed from there, causing lung diseases. Formed by the combustion of rubber, plastics, and hydrocarbons.

How to avoid negative influence:

• use high-quality, certified indoor air purifiers and ionizers, not forgetting to change filters in a timely manner;
• carry out scheduled replacement of filters in air conditioners;
• if possible, take walks more often in parks remote from the highways or outside the city;
• undergo speleotherapy sessions with a course of 10 procedures 2 times a year, especially for people suffering from allergic diseases of the nervous and respiratory systems;
• Regularly ventilate living areas.

The effect of solar radiation on immunity

The totality of all the energy coming from the sun is called solar radiation. Ultraviolet radiation is of greatest importance for the body, which, depending on the spectrum, penetrates to different depths into the tissue, having different effects on the body. The influence of ultraviolet radiation is described in more detail in our separate article; we will dwell on the main points that relate to immunity.

Positive influence

• Sunlight is necessary for normal human life - not enough sunny days leads to a deficiency of serotonin and endorphins and depression, which negatively affects the immune system. Sufficient quantity sunlight improves mood and stimulates brain activity.
• Activates the work of all organs and systems, accelerates blood circulation and metabolism.
• Activates the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin, which is involved in the metabolism of phosphorus and calcium, and a number of other processes.
• Accelerates the treatment of skin diseases such as psoriasis, eczema, acne.
• Has a detrimental effect on pathogenic microorganisms.
• The warmth of the sun warms up and relaxes muscles, relieves soreness.
• Visible sun rays are directly involved in the work of the visual analyzer, providing color vision- reflected from various items, enter the retina and turn into nerve impulses, which are already analyzed by the brain.
• Synchronizes biorhythms, ensuring alternation of sleep and wakefulness.

Negative Impact

Negative influence is associated with excess action solar radiation per person.

• Can lead to sunstroke, a dangerous condition that can be fatal.
• Causes exacerbation of chronic diseases.
• Suppresses the immune system.
• Calls sunburn and photodermatitis.
• Reduces visual acuity.
• Accelerates skin aging and dehydrates it.
• Increases the risk of developing skin cancer and accelerates the progression of existing cancer.

How to avoid negative influence:

• Avoid exposure to open sun between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m.;
• observe the drinking regime: at least 1.5-2 liters of clean water during the day;
• use products with UV protection for the skin both during tanning and during everyday activities, protect the head, body and eyes from direct sun rays: wear wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, natural clothes in light colors;
• Follow the rules of healthy tanning.

The influence of water and soil composition on immunity

A person receives various minerals, macro- and microelements with water and food, the composition of which largely depends on the types of soil: water passes through its layers and is saturated with elements, plants grow on the ground and also receive various components from it. Composition and quantity chemical elements often changes in a negative direction due to economic activity person.

Positive Impact

• Iodine ensures the normal functioning of the thyroid gland, in particular, the production of iodine-containing hormones that regulate metabolic processes in the body. With iodine deficiency, endemic goiter develops in the body.
• Fluoride increases the density of bone tissue and teeth, and a deficiency of the element causes caries.
• Cobalt is involved in the synthesis and absorption of vitamin B12, while its deficiency leads to a deficiency of this vitamin.

Negative Impact

• Excess fluoride of more than 1.5 mg/l leads to the development of fluorosis: damage to tooth enamel. This situation is typical for soil with mineral deposits, and also occurs during the activities of enterprises producing nitrates, superphosphates, and aluminum.
• Salts of heavy metals, such as zinc, lead, cadmium, mercury, which enter the soil and water with smoke and wastewater from industrial enterprises, accumulate in the body and lead to severe poisoning.
• Radioactive elements. Greatest contribution The Chernobyl accident contributed to the chemical pollution of water and soil. Radon, uranium, thorium, lead, radioactive iodine and other radionuclides emit gamma rays and irradiate humans, and also enter the body with water, food and cause cancer.
• Soil contamination by bacteria, fungi, worm eggs and protozoa leads to the fact that they enter the body through contact, food and air, causing a number of diseases: helminthic infestations, dysentery, viral hepatitis, typhoid fever.

How to avoid negative influence:

• try to buy environmentally friendly products;
• drink purified (filtered) or bottled water, especially when in other countries. If this is not possible, it is allowed to boil tap water (as a temporary solution);
• Wash your hands with soap before eating and food before eating.

The effect of altitude on immunity

As altitude increases, the concentration of oxygen in the air decreases. To restore the level of oxygen saturation in the blood, compensatory mechanisms are triggered: the heartbeat and breathing rate increase, and the level of red blood cells in the blood increases.

Positive Impact

• Mountain air is considered the cleanest: it is devoid of dangerous impurities and is saturated with negatively charged ions. People living in mountainous areas experience increased level red blood cells and the rapid response of the immune system to the introduction of the pathogen: immunoglobulins are synthesized at an increased rate. A priori, highlanders have minimized contact with pathogens and their immunity is not weakened, unlike urban residents.
• Clean air, unpolluted soil and organic foods have a positive effect on overall health.
• High levels of solar radiation activate the synthesis of vitamin D, which, according to recent research, is involved in stimulating the growth of immune cells that destroy cancerous tumors.

Negative Impact

• At an altitude of 4,000 thousand meters above sea level and more, all cells of the body suffer from oxygen deficiency - so-called altitude sickness occurs. Brain cells are most sensitive to hypoxia, so a person feels headache, dizziness, and depressed mood. The myocardium suffers from lack of oxygen and develops ischemic heart disease.
• A decrease in atmospheric pressure leads to a jump in blood pressure and increases the risk of a heart attack.
• Increasing solar radiation levels and weakening magnetic field accelerates cell aging and slows down their regeneration.

How to avoid negative influence:

• do not climb to an altitude of more than 4000 above sea level without special training;
• When hiking in mountainous areas, you should gradually adapt to new conditions, getting used to each new height ( middle period adaptation 3-14 days);
• You should not climb mountains if there is an exacerbation of chronic diseases and the presence of serious pathologies of the heart and blood vessels.

Effect of magnetic field on immunity

The static geomagnetic field is created by our planet and affects health. The body also has its own magnetic field. The balance of magnetic fields leads to balance in the body and preservation of health. But there are weather-dependent people, and for them geomagnetic storms, which are caused by solar flares, are dangerous to their health.

Positive Impact

• The magnetic field is involved in maintaining daily biorhythms.
• Strengthens the immune system (a decrease in the magnetic field increases the tendency to frequent diseases).
• Improves vascular wall permeability, delivery nutrients and oxygen to tissues.
• Improves the functioning of the central nervous system.
• Slows down the growth of tumors, in particular colon cancer.

Negative Impact

Geomagnetic storms that occur 2-4 times a month:

• They disrupt circadian biorhythms, in particular, disrupt the synthesis of hormones that control daily activity and cause insomnia.
• They change the emotional background - cause attacks of anger, depression, even suicidal thoughts.
• Slow down reaction speed and increase the risk of injury. At this time, the number of road accidents, accidents and accidents doubles.
• They interfere with heart function, causing tachycardia and increasing the risk of myocardial infarction (especially 1 day after the start of storms). The vascular system is the most vulnerable: receptors on the walls of blood vessels detect fluctuations in the magnetic field and resonate with them. This leads to a narrowing of the blood vessels in the brain, a slowdown in blood flow, an increase in blood pressure and blood viscosity, and these are the risks of dangerous acute heart diseases.

Some doctors and scientists believe that magnetic field fluctuations have a positive effect on biological processes: For many thousands of years, human internal clocks have been coordinated with the rhythms of the sun and stars. Those. Magnetic field fluctuations and solar flares are a kind of primer for the body and internal clock and keep the body in good shape. But such a positive effect is realized only if the person is completely healthy, and, alas, there are few of them.

How to avoid negative influences during geomagnetic storms:

• take medications for preventive purposes;
• take acetylsalicylic acid preparations to reduce blood clotting;
• take tincture of motherwort or valerian;
• do not overeat, avoid fatty and difficult-to-digest foods, drink non-carbonated mineral water, vegetable juices;
• Do not wear clothes made of natural fur or 100% synthetics during this period (they attract electricity);
• monitor meteorologists' forecasts: as a rule, they report the approach of a geomagnetic storm 2 days in advance.

Note to weather sensitive people! There are places where magnetic storms and solar activity are especially strong: the upper layers of the atmosphere at an altitude of 9-11 km above the ground (when traveling by plane) and in the north (Scandinavian Peninsula).

The influence of climate on children

Everyone knows that adaptive reactions to changes in climate and weather (acclimatization) in children are more complex and take a long period of time. A growing organism is the most vulnerable in this regard. Change geographical latitudes leads to a malfunction in the immune system, and the respiratory system is the first to be affected.

Many children are imperfect defense mechanisms, and the younger the child, the stronger the reaction to temperature changes, the intensity of solar radiation, changes in humidity, atmospheric pressure and other natural factors. And most often such a “blow” to the body occurs during a long-awaited vacation.

To avoid ending up in a hospital ward instead of a pleasant stay, you should follow a number of recommendations:

• Climate. Seaside resorts with low humidity and temperatures that do not go through the roof are ideal: the northern shores of the Caspian Sea, Anapa, Gelendzhik, Italy, Greece and France.

These are the mildest conditions for acclimatization.

• Timezone . The time difference should not exceed 2 hours. It is especially dangerous when the clock hands are moved much forward - the excitability of the central nervous system increases and hormonal imbalance may develop.
• Duration of the trip. All pediatricians say that it is not worth going for less than 3 weeks. This is fair - at least 5 days will be needed for adaptation, even if it goes unnoticed.
  

How to reduce the negative impact of climatic factors on immunity

The influence of a combination of climatic factors affects the well-being of different people in different ways. In the body of relatively healthy people, when the weather changes, it rearranges physiological processes to changing conditions occurs in a timely manner. In people with chronic diseases, the elderly and those who are weather-sensitive, adaptive reactions are weakened, so the body reacts to climate change. However, weather dependence, even in its extreme manifestations, is not a disease, but requires increased attention to oneself and one’s health.

To reduce weather dependence and improve adaptive reactions to changing weather conditions, it is recommended:

• exercise regularly, at least 2-3 times a week, while reducing significant physical activity;
• spend more time outdoors in “clean” areas: in the forest, park;
• harden yourself by choosing the optimal method in accordance with your state of health;
• periodically take vitamin and mineral complexes (vitamins A, E, C are especially important) or monitor the vitamin and mineral content of food;
• get enough sleep, spending at least 7 hours a day;
• take a course of general massage once every six months;
• take soothing herbal medicines to reduce the excitability of the central nervous system (mint, lemon balm) or inhalation with mint and lavender, and in case of loss of strength - tinctures of eleutherococcus, lemongrass or ginseng;
• give up alcohol and smoking, limit coffee and strong tea, replace them with herbal teas or high-quality green teas with honey;
• include in the menu dishes from seaweed, fish, beans, lentils, beets, cranberries. 30 minutes before meals, it is recommended to drink freshly squeezed vegetable and fruit juices, clean water with the addition of lemon juice.

However, these measures do not always bring relief, and people have to change their place of residence or move to a different climate zone.

The concept of “humidity” is often associated with phenomena that have a negative connotation.

In fact, many of our ideas about humidity are erroneous and are based on superficial knowledge of what it really is.

The purpose of the article is to consider the most common " false myths» regarding humidity, understand that it is more important (and even more valuable) than we think.

In fact, there is often a need to create and maintain this air parameter using humidifiers.

It's foggy outside

One cubic meter of outside air at a temperature of 0°C and a relative humidity of 75% contains 2.9 grams of water vapor; the same air heated to 20°C (the average temperature in the house) without adding water vapor has a relative humidity of 20%, which is too low for good health! In fact, The minimum relative humidity required for human comfort and health is about 45%-50%.

Relative humidity depends on temperature: the hotter the air, the lower the relative humidity.

For example, in winter, outside air at a temperature of 0°C on a foggy day(100% relative humidity), heated indoors to 22°C, produces a relative humidity of 23%. In places with very dry winters, say, with an outside temperature of 0°C and a relative humidity of up to 30%, when the air is heated to 22°C, the relative humidity drops to 7%.

As a result, even if it is foggy outside (lots of moisture in the air), this is not a guarantee that the humidity level inside the heated room will be correct.

To achieve the optimal humidity value, the air must be humidified.

Humidity and feeling of cold

There is also a physiological effect of humidity that is often ignored: the effect on the perception of heat or cold. We all know that sweating is an important part of the body's thermoregulation process: evaporation of sweat removes heat, thereby cooling us.

In summer, when it's hot, increased sweating provides our skin with comfortable temperature. High humidity prevents evaporation (stuffiness), while dry air favors this process.

In winter, dry air promotes evaporation and thus cools the skin. The immediate effect of this phenomenon is that at the same temperature, the drier the air, the colder it seems to us.

Under typical heated room conditions "apparent temperature"(i.e. subjective perception of temperature related to personal comfort) increases by about 2 °C if relative humidity increases from 25% to 50%. In other words, if the humidity is at the right level, in addition to all the other benefits, we can save on space heating costs.

The effect of dry air on people and objects

Humidity is also very important for human health.

One of the problems caused by low humidity is the feeling of eye irritation, that is, corneal dryness, which is often a serious problem for people who wear contact lenses. The amount of moisture in the air affects our skin, hands and face dry out and become chapped at low humidity, first of all, since they are in direct contact with dry air.

Another problem is dry mucous membranes in the respiratory tract, which can lead to exacerbation in those suffering from asthma and allergies, and generally reduces the body's defenses.

Examples of the negative impact of low humidity on objects and things can be given endlessly. “Hygroscopicity” is a term characteristic of materials whose particles absorb moisture, which leads to a change in their size. Such materials include paper, fabrics, some types of plastic, wood, fruits, vegetables and other materials that tend to absorb or release moisture.

Besides, Humidity affects the physical characteristics of materials, such as toughness (e.g. photoresist in microelectronics), mechanical strength/fragility (textiles, tobacco, wood) and ESD potential (paper, textiles and electronics).

Sources of humidity in our home

We have many sources of moisture in our homes, from clothes hanging out to dry to boiling water used to cook pasta.

Moreover, people enter and leave the house, windows open, walls exude moisture, not to mention the appearance of small cracks and holes. One little known fact is that a small amount fresh air, entering the house when a window is opened, has a slight effect on the room temperature, but causes a strong decrease in relative humidity.

In other words , water vapor “escapes” much faster than heat due to physical properties gases

The paradox is that ventilating a room in winter without additional humidification reduces air quality, making it too dry.

Besides, water containers placed indoors or attached to radiators are useless, because too little water evaporates.

To check this, measure the humidity using a simple wall hygrometer, with and without an additional container of water - the difference will be insignificant.