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Many good words about the Miniature Schnauzer

In the 4th-3rd millennium BC, there lived a turf dog in the northern part of Europe, and much time later, starting from the 15th century, in the paintings and engravings of A. Dürer, Reindolls, Lucas Cranach the Younger, Rembrandt, we see medium-sized wire-haired dogs . At the beginning of the 7th Century, a fountain appeared in Stuttgart depicting a night watchman with a similar dog...

The emergence and initial existence of the Miniature Schnauzer, or simply Schnauzer, was completely plebeian. He is a hard worker, a smart worker, a specialist of a very wide profile - he guarded the stables, guarded the herds of cattle, generally kept a vigilant watch over the safety of the owner's goods and the owners themselves, saved them from mouse scourge, and helped in the hunt. Later he was promoted to the rank of herald and conductor of carriages and stagecoaches. The love of the nobility did not spoil the schnauzers, and this, of course, was to the advantage of the breed - this little native of the people, a cunning and prankster, had never been in fashion before, which means that the fashion for him never went away. In 1880, the Schnauzer moved from the category of “just dogs” to the category of “breed”, and it was then that the first primitive standard of “German Wirehaired Pinschers” was created in Germany. And the real breeding of these dogs began in 1895, when Joseph Bertha founded the Pinscher Club. Our dog received its current name from one of the founders of the breed - Schnauzer, which means “Bearded Man”. In total, schnauzers had a lot of names - among them “Rattler”, and “stable pinscher”, and “German stable griffon”. Undoubtedly, the Mittel became the founder of two more varieties of schnauzers - the Risen and the Miniature, and all together they make up a lovely company. In the twentieth century, love and well-deserved recognition came to the schnauzer. Improving it moral qualities and efficiency, courage, intelligence and endurance did not leave military and customs officers indifferent, and decent manners, cleanliness and original good looks (and, to a greater extent, a surprisingly unique haircut) captivated aesthetes - city dwellers, and especially city women.

Children find in the mittel a cheerful comrade, a fearless defender, strong, dexterous and affectionate, like a kitten.

Why did he, this mustachioed little devil, become so loved and popular?

Yes, because this is a dog for everyone.

The Schnauzer will suit any, even the most picky potential dog breeder:

Do you need a reliable watchman, but for some reason you deny yourself this, because a big dog is “too big for you”? Get a Schnauzer! He is strong and brave, the role of a watchman has been developed in him for centuries. He has large, sharp teeth, but a very moderate appetite and complete absence"gourmet" He has an angry, low voice, and a huge bearded head with menacing bangs will scare anyone. In terms of trainability, the Schnauzer has few equals.

Do you need a family friend, a companion on hikes and trips, your children are asking for a dog, but you are afraid of the difficulties associated with keeping an animal in the apartment? Get a Schnauzer! He never causes any trouble. He always comes when you call and does not interfere if you are busy. Its endurance, “fatigue”, “windproof”, “non-shedding” are huge advantages. A well-mannered schnauzer (and more often than not, that’s exactly what he is) does not become insolent, does not become needlessly stubborn, and does not gallop around the bed in a fit of surging energy. He doesn't get into trouble with other dogs, but he can stand up for himself. He will be happy to take your children on a sled and run after sticks and balls tirelessly. And he will never offend anyone unless you ask him to. He eats everything they give him.

You need a dog for your soul, your only friend whom you can care for, cherish, with whom you can talk face to face. But have you heard from someone that many small dogs are petty, grumpy, they have their own quirks and an unpleasant shrill bark! Get a Schnauzer! Or is it not small enough for you? But what a charming, original appearance he has. Everyone will turn to look after you, following your well-groomed, stunningly beautiful and full of charm dog, the color of a black-brown fox. The schnauzer will gladly climb onto your lap (of course, if it pleases you), expose its belly and break into a blissful smile, folding its paws on its chest, just like a person who has decided to dress up in a bristly dog ​​skin. And, looking into his deep, wise Brown eyes, you will often think: “In a past life, my dog ​​was, without a doubt, a person.”

A schnauzer can stand by the window, elegantly leaning on the windowsill, sleep with its head on a pillow, or sit on its back with its paws spread in different directions, snoring charmingly at the same time. He may develop a passion for raspberry jam and mayonnaise, and you will notice that you have such similar tastes! He will amaze you more than once by the fact that he understands hints, which he was not taught at all - he is full of tact and goodwill. On a walk, an adult schnauzer believes that he needs a leash in order not to lose his owner, and perceives a muzzle as disrespect for his Personality, so free and held near you only by the power of love. He does not tolerate violence for the sake of violence; you cannot break him with a whip. But the schnauzer will accept the well-deserved punishment stoically, and will be imbued with even greater respect for you. However, your hand will not rise.

You need a dog to put on a chain in the garden for a “noise effect”, a ferocious, angry Cerberus, so that... however, everything is clear! Never, you hear, never get yourself a schnauzer! Your dog will be the most stupid, worthless, unbearable “yapper” with a vile, thieving character. This mangy dog ​​will tear up your favorite cherries, steal new shoes, eat the pie stolen from the table - and all this - as if out of spite. But he just doesn’t love you! A chain is destructive for a schnauzer; it destroys intelligence.

What else can a Schnauzer do?
Can climb trees and fences.
Able to take two-meter barriers and climb ladders.
Can open doors with any handles.

He knows a lot about hunting crows, cats, moles and field mice, burying himself deep in holes and snorting until he is stupefied.
He loves dog company, always maintaining one of the top steps of the hierarchical ladder.
The schnauzer gently kisses the owner on the ear or nose, hugs the neck with his paws, sighing touchingly, as if after a long and painful separation.
He learns commands on the fly, also quickly assimilating the crackers he receives for his efforts. Remembers the meaning of many words and expressions you use, and does not forget anything.
All your friends, after the obligatory ceremony of barking, examining and sniffing, become his friends, and if not, it’s worth thinking about.
Each individual dog has its own unique personality, its own little tricks: some skillfully peel walnuts, others walk independently, enjoying the well-deserved trust of their owners.
During a walk, the dog is not at all averse to sitting on a bench with neighbors and grabbing a liver or two, while not allowing him to touch his collar.

Schnauzers love cheerful companies and parties, especially if they can “refresh themselves” there. They also love to ride - on a trolleybus, bus, tram, and, best of all, in the owner's car, which they rightfully consider theirs. My dog ​​behaves perfectly on the train - during a trip to Moscow, she traveled with me on the top bunk of a reserved seat car without incident. The schnauzer loves trips to the forest, to the river, where he can hunt mice to his heart's content (and, if you're lucky, even hares), and to the best of his ability protect his owners from “intruders” with an evil and mischievous bark, attacking everyone he meets who cannot keep his distance. A trip to nature for several days with a tent is a real holiday of the soul for campers. All of them immediately explore the territory occupied by the camp and determine a kind of “fire zone” around the owner’s tent and car, and not a single stranger can appear nearby unnoticed and unwarned. All sorts of ingratiation to such a serious border guard are pointless - the schnauzer is vigilant and incorruptible, and the twentieth time he will be as unfriendly as the first. The schnauzer also behaves on a hike, constantly running in circles, and due to the fact that his sense of guarding the owner is much more developed than the sense of a hunter, the schnauzer will care about the safety of the owner much more than the owner cares about his dog. In addition, the sight of a muscular dog, swift as a rocket, resembling both a hare and a lynx, easily jumping over thick fallen trunks or flashing a silver spark among the tall grass is a sight of truly rare beauty, for the schnauzer, like no other breed of dog, with its discreet perfection harmonizes with nature in any of its states. Although in the city, during a walk, the schnauzer tries to restrain his watchdog manifestations, however, even here the principle of the border zone clearly works, and the mittel seems to be escorting the owner, busily describing small circles around, as if he had nothing to do with it at all (remember, the herald is one of the main historically established professions of the schnauzer). For this reason, you need to keep your eyes open while walking - so that your overly zealous defender does not pester passers-by. However, passersby most often like schnauzers - they are a very cute dog. Mustaches, beard, eyebrows, horn-like ears, a thimble-like tail, thick solid paws, a big black nose, a smart and cheerful facial expression, original fur reminiscent of hedgehog quills - who can resist?!

But you don’t need to be affectionate right away - the schnauzer doesn’t like it, he doesn’t trust strangers from birth, unless he allows the children some liberties.

The Schnauzer does not tolerate familiarity with strangers, but the owner allows everything if trust has been established between the dog and the person.

Combing, washing, wiping paws and beard, cleaning ears and teeth are perceived by the breeder as a kind of sacred act of communication - he understands how important it is, and how he pleases the owner with his impeccable behavior! A very important and wonderful character trait of a schnauzer is the ability to self-learn and self-improvement. His independence forces the owner to take into account the individuality of his dog.

By nature, schnauzers are quite cautious and do not commit rash, illogical acts - for example, no self-respecting schnauzer follows a cat out the window, although I know fox terriers and shepherds who have performed this trick. Yes, he is curious, but curiosity never prevails over common sense.

The Schnauzer keeps his heart warm and his head cold, being sanguine and an incorrigible optimist. Such reasonable behavior proves that he does not need mandatory strict training.

Of course, the dog must be controllable, but for everyday communication it is enough to follow the following commands: “fu”, “come to me”, “near”, “stop”. The “stop” command can often and successfully replace “sit”, “lie down” and “stand”. Training is best given to a puppy from 3 to 5 months, and the command “fu” should be given immediately, as soon as the baby comes up with some trick for the very first time, and reinforced with action. The effect of such active parenting is amazing. Of course, Mittel can handle OKD, ZKS and IPO, which many of them have successfully proven. But do not try to get your dog to mechanically follow orders - neither you nor he need this, since your dog is used to thinking about actions. This is his dignity, and after “training” the schnauzer, you will find that you are no longer as interested in him as you were before training. Some people are okay with this, but most are not. However, in any circumstances, the owner of his such a sweet and affectionate dog must remember

The Miniature Schnauzer is a real service breed; in many countries it is classified as a privileged police and customs dog.

And as Werner Jung, a remarkable expert on schnauzers and pinschers, wrote: “The combination of nobility with strength, which guarantees high performance, is for us a constant source of admiration for this dog. If we were able to correctly understand the characteristics of the schnauzer, feel its essence and qualities and did not sacrifice the wonderful features of the dog’s character to the current fashion, then, naturally, our schnauzer will never lose his natural right to exist, and subsequent generations receive a lot of joy from communicating with him "

That is why the owner must treat the Mittel as a serious dog, no less responsibly than, say, a Rottweiler or “big brother” - Risen. It is also necessary to remember that the Mittelschnazer is, without a doubt, a dog for exhibitions. The very process of trimming and cutting, or, more simply put, putting it in proper shape, presupposes some kind of result, at least like a medal and a photograph as a souvenir. Possessing an extremely strong psyche and amazing balance, schnauzers do not know what “show shock” or “breakdown” means. They are truly actors. Of course, you cannot demand “aerobatics” from beginning “debutants,” but experience comes surprisingly quickly - both to you and to the dog.

The schnauzer is, of course, a service dog with a pronounced protective instinct. Without a doubt, she is the best dog for a tourist, mushroom picker, or athlete. Mittel is a friend and protector of children. It is beautiful and therefore its owners, as a rule, are people of taste and intelligence. The Schnauzer is smart and affectionate, and he is quite capable of the very difficult role of a decorative dog. The Schnauzer is a “light breed,” unlike Dobermans, Rottweilers, and Great Danes, whose owners must have some experience in dealing with dogs. Many people begin their “canine education” with schnauzers, and they are right. And it is unlikely that they will be able to change the pitcher to someone else in the future, even if such a case arises. Because the miniature schnauzer is a piece of your soul, a lifestyle. And if you still doubt that you really need such a dog, you do not love dogs disinterestedly, simply because they are dogs.

Sign O.V. “Lots of good things to say about the Miniature Schnauzer.” (“Your hobby”, - 1994, No. 2, pp. 3-5. (Publishing house of the Belarusian Printing House)).

Miniature Schnauzer black color

M.R. Semeikina
(Moscow)

MITTEL SCHNAUZERS
BLACK COLOR.
HISTORY OF THE BREED IN RUSSIA.

Of the bitches that attracted attention:

Best of Breed and

MALES. Open class:

BITCHES. Open class:

BITCHES. Junior class:

Best of Breed and
The best male is VESTER SUNBECLOR.

MALES. Open class:
1. VESTER SUNBEKLOR (Rufin Schwartz + Sunny Baklor), owner. Nikiforov V.V.
MALES. Junior class:

BITCHES. Open class:

Dog show.

Best female - RUTSEYA RADONA BEL.

MALES. Working class:

MALES. Open class:

MALES. Junior class:

BITCHES. Winner class:
1. RUTSEYA RADON BEL (Rudolf Schwartz + Zol D "Tsereya Backvil), owner Eliseeva N.V.
BITCHES. Open class:

BITCHES. Junior class:

The "elite" class was received by:

KHNUKSA Ts "TIM BEL - elite,
RUDOLF SCHWARTZ - elite,

CASSIE F. SKATSHTADT - elite,
CAESAR F.ALTEN 38 - elite,

and published in Nos. 2(6)’95 and 1(7)’96. I.R. Semeikina
(Moscow)

MITTEL SCHNAUZERS
BLACK COLOR.
HISTORY OF THE BREED IN RUSSIA.

Everyone knows the Miniature Schnauzer. He easily settled into Russia. Thanks to its universal qualities, it has firmly found its niche in dog breeding and has found a lot of fans.
Unfortunately, the black miniature schnauzer is less known in our country. Although, both representatives of the breed, both black and the more common “pepper and salt” color, enjoy well-deserved recognition throughout the world. Despite common roots, a single standard and General requirements to the exterior, both directions in the breed are kept pure, which is dictated by the complexity of breeding for colors. At exhibitions, examination is carried out in different rings, with the assignment of equivalent titles based on the results. Both "Best Color Representatives" have the right to receive titles ("CAC", "CACIB") and, on a general basis, take part in the competition for the title "Best in the Group". Thus, all over the world it is customary to talk about two independent breeds: the pepper-and-salt miniature schnauzer and the black miniature schnauzer.
Breeding of black medium-sized schnauzers in our country began several years later than their gray brothers. Moreover, at the initial stage, black schnauzers did not have such a rich import of sires, thanks to which the pepper-and-salt schnauzers got an excellent start.
This had a significant impact on the fact that until now black Schnauzers are a rarity at our exhibitions. Despite the relatively small number of livestock of this breed in our country, many of them are of a fairly high class. And some, in terms of their appearance, are quite capable of competing with foreign dogs at the largest international exhibitions in Europe. What attracts the attention of specialists. Therefore, I hope that the material published here will arouse keen interest not only among owners of black schnauzers, but also among many dog ​​breeders who follow the events taking place in the “dog world.” Exhibitions are a traditional form of resolving all disputes in dog breeding. And this material is illustrated with exhibition reports, presented in chronological order.

The first black miniature schnauzers that appeared at Moscow exhibitions in the late seventies were LORBAS F. MERCHENWALD (imported from the GDR, owner Miklashevsky) and, somewhat later, ATIM TLAPKA (imported from Czechoslovakia, owner B.Ya. Afonkin).
According to the rules of exhibitions of those years, the title “Group Winner” could only be awarded in those rings where at least five participants were represented. Otherwise, the dogs received only a score, although the ring layout was maintained. Thus, our first exhibitors were left without titles, due to the lack of competitors. And although both of these males were of a high conformation level, their highest award was an “excellent” rating.
In the eighties, the first black female was brought to Moscow. It was BEXY OT TLAPKA (import from Czechoslovakia, owner I.A. Zaichikova). BEXY became the founder of the breed in our country. For a long time she appeared in all pedigrees of black Schnauzers. And today it is still present in the pedigrees of 70% of the population, if we trace more distant generations of ancestors. By coincidence, ATIM and BEXY turned out to be brother and sister - the same age. Which significantly complicated the initial stage of breeding.
The first litters of black miniature schnauzers received from BEXI, and later from her daughters, were registered in the stud book of the Podolsk City Kennel Club (PGKS), one of the largest and most respected clubs in the country in those years. It is not surprising, therefore, that Podolsk exhibitions were at that time the main gathering place for black schnauzers. Participants in these exhibitions were BEXI, her children and grandchildren. But their number was so small that the conditions of exhibitions of those years rarely allowed anyone to receive titles.
However, already at this stage a number of dogs stood out noticeably. These are males:
ZOL GRAF BACKWILL (owner Latysheva L.Yu., o. WILLY, m. BEXI OT TLAPKA), who later became the first CHAMPION in the breed, and in 1987 received the title “Best Miniature Schnauzer of the Estonian Republican Show” under the examination of Reitso Latvala (Finland) ;
RUFIN and RUDOLF SCHWARTZ, ow. respectively Zenkina I. and Shirshov V. (littermates, father DZHELO BILBO VIKING, m. ZEGEN VITA);
TsORRI BACKLOR (l. LORBAS F.MERKHENVALD, m. BEXI OT TLAPKA), owner. Luneva T.V.;
littermates VAIDUNG and VESTOR SANBEKLOR (f. RUFIN SCHWARTZ, m. SUNNY BECHLOR), owner. accordingly Ivanova N.V. and Nikiforov V.V.
Of the bitches that attracted attention:
SUNNY BACKLOR (owner Zaychikova I.A., o. LORBAS F. MERKHENVALD, m. BEXI OT TLAPKA), who later became an outstanding producer;
TsINDI-JIMMY BACKLOR, sister of the same age as the previous one, ow. Fedorov I.M.;
VALDA SANBEKLOR and WITTEN SOLLY SANBEKLOR (littermates, o. RUFIN SCHWARTZ, m. SANNY BECHLOR), owner. respectively, Kravchenko M. and Milyukov E. Moreover, WITTEN SOLLI in 1988 received the title “Best Junior” at an exhibition in Tallinn under the expertise of Revaz Khomasuridze.
All black schnauzers, as already mentioned, were descendants of BEXY FROM SLAP, forming a blood family on which further breeding was based. The exceptions were RUFIN and RUDOLF SCHWARTZ, obtained from a pepper-and-salt colored bitch ZEGEN VITA and DZHELO BILBO VIKINGA, a male brought to Leningrad from Denmark. The issue of crossing pepper-and-salt schnauzers with black ones should be discussed in more detail, because it is still relevant today.
More than 10 years ago, at the initial stage of breeding, we allowed two cases of mating of black miniature schnauzers with pepper-and-salt schnauzers. The male WILLY (owner Litovar, island ARAM ESTAKADA, m. AZAZEL NOEL) and the female ZEGEN VITA (owner Semeikina, island AGENOR OD RODISHOVKI, m. ALPHA ANBEL) were introduced into breeding. Both of these dogs, of a fairly high class, were selected to improve the livestock and, it should be noted, had big influence on the development of breed types of black schnauzers subsequently.
A similar crossbreeding of pepper-and-salt schnauzers and black schnauzers also took place in Leningrad. The black male JELO BILBO VIKING (owner I.M. Mikheev) was used on pepper and salt bitches to produce black schnauzers. To consolidate the color of the VIKING, they bred with his daughters, periodically including in this process new dogs of the “pepper and salt” color. This is a difficult and risky path.
There are known cases of such breeding in world practice. They were especially often allowed at the dawn of the formation of the breed in the first half of the century. Experienced breeders of black miniature schnauzers know that this step of blood renewal is followed by a long and hard work on the rejection of schnauzers with unstable color, which may not be predictable. This process can drag on for several generations. Moreover, when selecting pairs, the decisive factor is the purity of color. And not only the producers themselves, but also their ancestors, which requires a detailed analysis of the entire pedigree. It is unacceptable to bring together partners, each of whom in close proximity has an ancestor of the “pepper and salt” color. It is very easy to lose the purity of the color, and it can take years to fix. What is excusable in a desperate situation cannot be freely practiced today, when all threat of forced inbreeding has disappeared. And there is enough foreign breeding material to conduct pure black breeding.
Concluding the review of the first stage of development of the breed, it is necessary to provide some statistical information.
During the period from 1982 to 1989, 14 litters were obtained and registered in the PGKS stud book. Moreover, from 1982 to 1985 - one litter per year, in 1986 and 1987 - two litters, in 1988 - four. At the beginning of 1989, two litters were registered in the PGKS, after which, from the second quarter of 1989, the registration of born litters continued in the stud book of the Animal Lovers Club "Fauna", which will be discussed below. In 14 litters, 60 puppies were obtained, of which 30 were males and 30 were females. 11 males and 7 females took part in the breeding. Of these, the males DZHELO BILBO VIKING, LORBAS f. MERCHENWALD, RUDOLF SCHWARTZ and the females BEXY OT TLAPKA, ZOL D "ZERAYA BACKWILL, SUNNY BACKLOR were used more than once. At this time, the chairman of the schnauzer section PGKS was Anashina A.V., responsible for breeding work - Semeikina I.R., member of the council responsible for breeding work with black miniature schnauzers - Zaichikova I.A.

The next period of breeding of black miniature schnauzers can be safely counted from 1989. With the beginning of perestroika, dog breeding in our country began to develop at an accelerated pace. There was freedom to organize new clubs, organize exhibitions with inter-expertise, travel to foreign exhibitions and bring imported dogs. For many dog ​​breeders, this time meant new stage breeding.
Certain changes have occurred in our breed. To begin with, a group of owners of black miniature schnauzers decided to move to the capital. The first and, for a long time, the only largest independent section of black miniature schnauzers was organized in Moscow at the hospitable Animal Lovers Club "Fauna". At the first meeting of dog owners, a council of breeders was created, which included I.A. Zaichikova, N.V. Ivanova, E.K. Churina, E.K. Kuptsova. The chairman of the section was Semeikina I.R. It was these people who subsequently set the tone for the entire breeding.
A new, interesting life has begun.
On May 28, 1989, we took part in the I All-Union Schnauzer Exhibition KLZh "Fauna", held in the Park named after. Dzerzhinsky. The exhibition brought together a record number of black schnauzers at that time - more than 20 dogs. The open male class was especially strong.

I All-Union Schnauzer Exhibition.
Organizer - Animal Lovers Club "Fauna". 05.28.89. Moscow, Park im. Dzerzhinsky. 21 dogs (12 males and 9 females). Expert Lebedev Yu.M.
Here and further, all named dogs received an “excellent” rating.

Best female - TsINDI JIMMY BACKLOR.

MALES. Open class:
1. VESTER SUNBEKLOR (Rufin Schwartz + Sunny Baklor), owner. Nikiforov V.V.
BITCHES. Open class:
1. TZINDY JIMMY BACKLOR (Lorbas F. Merchenwald + Baksi Ot Tlapka), own. Fedorov I.M.
BITCHES. Junior class:
1. LYRA OF KHNUROKS (Roni N "Amur + Khnuksa Tsetim Bel), owner. Korenevskaya L.

The year 1989 delighted us with its events.
Almost simultaneously, with a difference of several months, several imported manufacturers were brought in. All of them had a positive impact on the development of the breed in Russia.
Our breeding included the Czech male BARON OT OWL MLYNU (owner Petrova L.I.). By order of the Club, a small ADRAR FROM THE STONE YARD (owner T.A. Krylova) was brought from the same Czechoslovakia. From Poland, thanks to the initiative of Grishina T.A. (PSHK "Adrian"), littermates CERT and TSEDR Z PUSCHA DARZHLYUBSKAYA were imported (owners, respectively, Kharlampovich T. and Shchukina O.).
The winter club exhibition of the Schnauzer Club of the KLZH "Fauna" in 1989 also presented its surprises. For the first time, our livestock was assessed by foreign expert Karl Felz (GDR). The guest of the exhibition was the already respectable ZOL GRAF BACKWILL, who, based on the results of previous exhibitions, was awarded the title “Breed Champion”. After the exhibition rings, the first grading of two of our producers was carried out - BEXY OT TLAPKA (owner. Zaichikova I.A., o. IRIS PATRIA BOHEMIKA, m. LINDA TONVERI) and SUNNY BACKLOR (owner. Kuptsova E.K., o. LORBAS F .MERCHENWALD, m. BEKSY OT TLAPKA). Both dogs were awarded the breeding class "elite", and BEXI received the title " Best Producer 1989 "The ceremonial presentation of memorable gifts, a dense ring of spectators, applause - it was a real holiday!
So, the exhibition is over. Mr. Karl Felz highly appreciated the black schnauzers presented, inviting the best dogs to a show in Berlin next spring. This was a real surprise for all of us!

Winter club show of the Schnauzer Club of the KLZH "Fauna".
Organizer - Animal Lovers Club "Fauna". 1989 Moscow, Circus School. 14 dogs. Expert Karl Felz (GDR).

The best male is VESTER SUNBECLOR.

MALES. Open class:
1. VESTER SUNBEKLOR (Rufin Schwartz + Sunny Baklor), owner. Nikiforov V.V.
MALES. Junior class:
1. GATEIM WEITZER BEL (Weidung Sanbeklor + Zol D "Tsereya Backvil), owner. Churochkina L.E.
BITCHES. Open class:
1. RUTSEYA RADON BEL (Rudolf Schwartz + Zol D "Tsereya Backvil), owner Eliseeva N.V.

In the spring of 1990, our section took an active part in the preparation and holding of the largest exhibition at that time, organized by the Interregional Cynological Association of the USSR and the Fauna Club of Animals.

Dog show.
Organizers - Interregional Cynological Association of the USSR and the Animal Lovers Club "Fauna".05-06.05.90. Universal sports court "Wings of the Soviets" in Setun. Interexpertise (Hungary).

The best representative of the breed and the best male is ADRAR Z KAMENNY Dvorka.
Best female - RUTSEYA RADONA BEL.

MALES. Working class:
1. WAIDUNG SUNBEKLOR (Rufin Schwartz + Sunny Baklor), owner. Ivanova N.V.
MALES. Open class:
1. ELBERT ZORWALD (Zorri Beklor + Valda Sunbeklor), owner. Zhilkin V.V.
MALES. Junior class:
1. ADRAR Z KAMENNOY Dvorka (Czechoslovakia), (Eri Listichka + Erna Ba-Ba), owner. Krylova T.A.
BITCHES. Winner class:
1. RUTSEYA RADON BEL (Rudolf Schwartz + Zol D "Tsereya Backvil), owner Eliseeva N.V.
BITCHES. Open class:
1. ELLIE ZORWALD (Tsorri Baklor + Valda Sunbaklor), owner. Tsymbalova L.A.
BITCHES. Junior class:
1. J-YORRI IV-KHNAID (Vaidung Sanbeklor + Khnuksa Tsetim Bel), owner. Gotgelf S.V.

On May 13, 1990, in Berlin, in a huge and beautiful city park, the International Exhibition of the two uniting Germanys was held. The exhibition catalog listed 37 black schnauzers. I must admit - this was a real test for us, which we passed with honor. Our schnauzers showed themselves perfectly.
VESTER SANBECLOR (owner Nikiforov V.V.) became the Winner of the open class, winning the titles of Exhibition Winner and Candidate for GDR Champion. ADRAR Z KAMENNOY Dvorka (owner T.A. Krylova) received the third “excellent” prize, which was good result, because ADAR was barely 16 months old and was entering an open class for the first time. RUTSEYA RADON BEL became the Winner of the open class, the Winner of the exhibition, Candidate for Champion of the GDR.
These results became a significant event in the history of breeding black miniature schnauzers in Russia. After all, both of our winners are domestic breeding!
But at home everything went as usual. Active imports of manufacturers continued. A female from the GDR, CESSIE F. SKATSHTADT (owner Kutovaya T.), was brought to Moscow, and in the fall of 1990, an adult female from Czechoslovakia, DARINA Z LAICHOVICE. The male CAESAR F.D.ALTEN 38 (import from the GDR, owner L.I. Ivanova), as well as the female EVELYN NERO (import from Czechoslovakia, owner L.P. Petushkova) were imported into St. Petersburg. A male IRIAN F. BURG NORMANSTEIN (owner Ivanova L.) was brought to Minsk from the GDR. All these producers had a significant influence on the further development of the breed in Russia.
In the fall of 1990, the section of black miniature schnauzers joined a group of enthusiasts who left the Schnauzer club of the KLZh "Fauna" and organized the All-Union, now All-Russian Pinscher-Schnauzer Club (VPShK), led by President Mysova N.S., where it was a member until 1994 years, before joining the RKF by the Krakatuk Kennel Club.
So, for the period from the 2nd quarter of 1989 to the 3rd quarter of 1990, the registration of breeding documentation for the black miniature schnauzer breed took place in the stud book of the KLZ "Fauna". During this time, 15 matings were carried out, 12 litters were obtained. 65 puppies were born - 35 males and 30 females. 9 males and 12 females took part in the breeding. Of these, the males ATIM TLAPKA, RUDOLF SCHWARTZ, BARON OT SOVIKH MLYNU, WAIDUNG SANBEKLOR and the females SANNY BECHLOR, KHNUKSA TSETIM BEL were used more than once.
The period under review is also interesting because until the 90s, our section was the main and practically the only largest breeding center for the breed. Individual matings carried out in other clubs were isolated cases. Thus, everything that happened in our section determined the state of the breed as a whole, especially in Moscow. And the mentioned and unmentioned schnauzers bred from that period are found in the pedigrees of almost all black schnauzers not only in Moscow, but also in other cities.
It was in the nineties that some breeders began their independent journey. Some did it frivolously, others expected serious work. This was an important milestone for the breed as a whole. The natural process of emerging competition confirmed that the breed had “taken root in fertile soil”, had taken root in our country and there was no longer any fear of its disappearance, but only of the sometimes irrepressible zeal of novice breeders. You always want to preserve the best and, in the pursuit of something new, not to lose the old and reliably proven that has already been created.
So, from the end of 1990, the breeding of black schnauzers ceased to be a monopoly of one club, but the activities of our section continued to largely determine the condition and prospects of the breed. Therefore, although further events described in this article are directly related mainly to the breeding of black miniature schnauzers in our club, I hope they will be of interest to all readers.

In 1993, breed enthusiasts celebrated two anniversaries at once: the 10th anniversary of the breeding of black miniature schnauzers in Russia and the 10th anniversary of the existence of the first section in the country that united lovers of this breed.
Over the years, a large friendly team has formed that has managed to carry out a tremendous amount of work, the result of which is our current livestock. In breeding, working qualities were taken into account - preference was given to schnauzers who had completed a training course. Strict requirements were imposed on both the color and the structure of the wool. Every year, at the autumn club breeding shows, producers were graded based on the results of the year.
Here you can see some statistics from the stud book for the period from 1983 to 1993 inclusive.
The number of matings registered in the book is 84. Of these, exchange directions to other cities are 23. The number of matings in the club is 61. The number of puppies born in the club is 307, of which 149 are males and 158 females. 25 males and 48 females were used for breeding.
The "elite" class was received by:
BEKSY OT TLAPKA - elite, Best producer 1989,
ZOL D "TSEREA BACKWILL - elite, Best producer 1991,
SUNNY BACKLOR - 2*elite, Best producer 1991, 1992,
KHNUKSA Ts "TIM BEL - elite,
WAIDUNG SANBEKLOR - elite, Best Producer 1991,
RUDOLF SCHWARTZ - elite,
ADRAR Z KAMENNOY Dvorka - 2*elite, Best producer 1992, 1993,
BARON FROM OWL MLYNU - elite,
CASSIE F. SKATSHTADT - elite,
CAESAR F.ALTEN 38 - elite,
RUTSEYA RADON BEL - elite, Best producer 1993
Our section, registered in 1995 in the RFLS RKF as the Kennel Club "Krakatuk", is still the largest breeding center for breeding black miniature schnauzers in Russia. We are happy to maintain contacts with everyone interested in our breed.
Black Schnauzers of our breeding are successfully exhibited, winning titles at prestigious exhibitions not only in our country, but also abroad.
So in 1990, RUTSEYA RADON BEL (known under the pet name Barbatsuca) and VESTER SUNBECLOR became the Winners of the International Exhibition in Berlin. And the then young (16 months) ADRAR Z KAMENNOY Dvorka (imported from Czechoslovakia, owner T.A. Krylova), who was shown for the first time in the open class, received the third “excellent” prize.
In 1994, at the Winter Show of the Year in Helsinki (Finland), shown in the open class BLANKA KESSINERO (owner Kutovaya T.), she came second with an “excellent” rating, losing to the Finnish female top class, which in turn became Best of Breed, having won against two Finnish Champions.
In 1995, a group of schnauzers from our club took part in the International Exhibition in Hungary, held in Budapest. All three presented dogs showed themselves successfully: KRAKATUK OMELA OT BARBATSUTSYA (owner Ilyinskaya O.M.) became the Young Winner of Hungary in the junior class. VAKHMURKA FROM BARBATSUTSYA (owner Semeikina, Kolesnikov) received CAC, and young PERIKLEZ VIDOR (import from Hungary, owner Semeikina, Katiba), having received CAC and CACIB, became the Winner of Hungary.
Six months later, in the winter of ninety-six, at an international exhibition in Estonia, PERIKLEZ VIDOR, becoming the best male, once again received CAC, CACIB and the title “Winner of Estonia”. His daughter, KRAKATUK OMELA BY BARBATSUCA, also won the titles CAC, CACIB, "Estonian Winner" and, in addition, became "Best of Breed".
Returning to the story about the ten-year anniversary of the breed in Russia, I would like to dwell in more detail on the 1993 event associated with this event.
In honor of the first litter of black miniature schnauzers born in Moscow, we initiated the first specialized exhibition called “Birthday”, which took place on October 31, 1993 at the Youth Palace of the Perovsky District. The examination was carried out by Ivanov A.S. The guest of honor and participant in the exhibition was the hero of the occasion, the birthday boy ZOL EARL BACKWILL (owner Latysheva A.Yu.). Unfortunately, this was his last exhibition. In the spring of 1995, the GRAF died. But, as the results of the exhibition show, GRAF, despite his age, was in excellent show shape.
An unprecedented number of black miniature schnauzers were presented at the exhibition - 56 dogs. Holding such a significant exhibition for our breed showed that we are on the right track. Not every international exhibition abroad brings together such a number of black miniature schnauzers. It is especially pleasant to note the high external level of the participants. In terms of the number of exhibitors, the "Birthday" exhibition can be compared with the World Exhibition held in Brno, Czechoslovakia, a country famous for its population of black schnauzers. The class winners were ZOL GRAF BACKWILL (owner Latysheva), ADRAR Z KAMENNOY Dvorka (owner Krylova), CERADR ALEX BEL (owner Petrushechkina), ZORRO BILONG (owner Gorlov), CHILFILROYD BLACK GUARD (owner Ermolaeva), RUTSEYA RADON BEL (owner Eliseeva), VETTA OT BARBATSUTSY (owner Gaidukova), ROGNEDA OT BARBATSUTSY (owner Farbyazh).
10 years is a relatively short period of time. In dog breeding there is a change of 4 - 5 generations. What was the state of the breed at that stage of development?
Of course, we can safely talk about the established blood family of BEXY OT TLAPKA - the ancestor of the breed, exported from Czechoslovakia. Her children and grandchildren from different producers and inbreeding options on BEXI in various combinations showed that representatives of this family have and quite stably pass on a number of common qualities, forming a certain breed type. They are characterized by: medium size, dry-strong type of constitution, proportional physique, somewhat shortened chest, best representatives short strong back, compactness and correct apparatus of movements. And also hard black wool with sufficient hair. Among the problems characteristic of schnauzers of the BEXI family, it is necessary to note a narrow pincer, lightened eyes, as well as the occurrence of excessively small individuals. The best representatives of the BEXY family include such dogs as ZOL GRAF BACKWILL, P-CHARLIE CHURI (O. Atim Tlapka, m. Tsessi Baklor), CERADRA ALEX BEL, WEITZER GATEIM BEL, RUTSEYA RADON BEL, etc.
A group of schnauzers, noticeably different from those named above, unites direct descendants and inbreeding schnauzers, descended from LORBASA F. MERCHENWALD and GELO BILBO VIKING. And also the children of a very harmonious bitch EVELYN NERO (import from Czechoslovakia, owner Petushkova, St. Petersburg), a relative of VIKING through her grandfather ESCO F. HOLDHIMER HOE (West Germany). These are larger, bony, regular-format schnauzers of noble lines, with a pedigree head, a long chest and, as a rule, better limbs. Disadvantages include an elongated lower back and insufficient compactness. The most prominent representatives of the group under consideration: RUDOLF SCHWARTZ, ZORRI BACKLOR, ELBERT ZORWALD, ALVAIDA, ROGNEDA OT BARBATSUTSY, EVA APPULEY AUSDEMHANHAUS and others.
The third formed group can be considered the descendants of BARON OT SOVOKH MLYNU (Czechoslovakia) and CERT Z DARZLUBSKA PUSCH (Poland). These producers share a number of common ancestors like uncle and nephew. But, nevertheless, this group can hardly be called independent, both in phenotype and genotype, but rather can be considered intermediate to the general group of dogs imported from Czechoslovakia (“Czech” group). To confirm this, it is enough to carefully examine the pedigrees, where already in the third generation common roots with BEXI FROM TLAPKA are found.
And the last group of dogs we distinguish is represented by the descendants of the German schnauzers CAESAR F. ALTEN 38, CESSIE F. SKATSTADT, IRIAN F. BURGNORMANSTEIN. And although the ancestors from the Weisbusche kennel related them to LORBAS F.MERCHENWALD, let's not forget that only two litters were obtained from LORBAS, and both litters were from BEXY OT TLAPKA.
German Schnauzers represent a separate group of classic representatives of the old type. Along with a strong build, regular format, as well as excellent, very coarse hair, individual representatives of this group are distinguished by some roughness, large eyes, and a low-set tail, emphasizing the length of the top. However, German Schnauzers brought a fresh spirit to breeding. There was a tendency towards increased growth and enlargement of the skeleton. In general, their participation in breeding had a positive effect, giving the opportunity to the emergence of many new combinations.
Thus, we have identified the most typical groups of black schnauzers that formed in our country at the turn of the nineties. It should be noted that each group has its best representatives, excellent breed animals demonstrating their breed type.
Analyzing the development of the breed, it is difficult to talk about linear breeding. Rather, it was a corrective selection of pairs due to the relatively small breeding stock involved in breeding and the lack of prepotent sires of the desired class.
An exception can be considered ADRARA Z KAMENNY Dvork, standing somewhat further away from the general “Czech” group. ADRAR has established itself as a strong manufacturer. In the pedigree of ADRARA, inbreeding 3:3 can be traced to the Czech Winner LASKO F.D.BERTLINGER SEGEMÜLE (breeding from Germany). Analyzing reports from exhibitions over the past few years, we see that in the overwhelming majority it is the children and grandchildren of ADRARA that win first places. In 1995, the breeding group of ADRARA descendants twice took part in the breeding competition and twice won prizes.
Already in recent years, the import of black miniature schnauzers to Russia has become richer. New promising manufacturers have emerged.
An adult female ANKA F. SCHLECHENBUSH was brought from Germany, from which an interesting litter has already been obtained. It is pleasant to note the high exterior level of this dog and the blood is absolutely fresh for us.
Male PERICLEZ VIDOR was imported from Hungary, who at two years old is the owner of the titles 2*CAC, 2*CACIB, R.CACIB, “Winner of Hungary”, “Winner of Estonia” and 8*KCR. We place our trust in him big hopes as a manufacturer. Judging by the first litters, VIDOR (at home Gavryusha) successfully justifies them.
Everyone will certainly be interested in the recently arrived from Israel AMI BARZAKAN (owner Gutsal M.), who comes from the world famous nursery of Rita Trainin. AMI is just beginning her exhibition career, which, we hope, will be very successful.
Concluding my brief review, I would like to express confidence that the growing interest of professional dog breeders in our still rare breed will provide the opportunity to see a larger number of high-quality animals at exhibitions. Black miniature schnauzers deserve everyone's attention. Along with all the well-known qualities of the Schnauzer for which we love this breed so much, the Black Schnauzer has the highest potential as a show dog.

The article was prepared in August 1995 - February 1996.
and published in Nos. 2(6)’95 and 1(7)’96.

Animal-assisted therapy

Emilia Detkina,
Kazan.

Briefly about animal-assisted therapy
or
Using dogs for the development and health of children with disabilities

The term “pet therapy” (or animal therapy, zootherapy) appeared in the mid-twentieth century. Translated from English, pet is a generalized name for domestic animals. In Europe and America, this is already an absolutely full-fledged branch of official medicine, within the framework of which meetings, seminars are held, and in some countries there are even courses for training specialists, after which you can practice private practice. Where pet therapy has become an official medical discipline, a whole staff of specialists is involved in the selection of animals, as well as monitoring communication with patients: a canine trainer, a veterinarian, a speech pathologist and a psychologist.
There is experience of using dogs in psychiatric hospitals for patients with schizophrenia who have refused contact with people.
In many US clinics, two organizations have been operating since 1994 - the Delta Society in Seattle and Therapy Dogs International in New Jersey, which provide 4.5 thousand dogs, cats and other pets to treat thousands of patients in 45 US states .
There are several types of animal therapy (zootherapy, pet therapy):
APITHERAPY - the use of bees,
GERUDOTHERAPY - the use of medicinal leeches,
HIPPOTHERAPY - use of horses,
DOLPHIN THERAPY - use of dolphins,
FELINOTHERAPY - use of cats,
CANISTERAPY - the use of dogs.
The use of dogs as “therapists” was first proposed by the American psychologist Levinson in 1961.
The main reason for the beneficial effects of a dog is its devotion. Dogs almost always improve your mood. Positive emotions not only pleasant, but also useful. When experiencing them, the body produces endorphins and enkephalins, which affect the “pleasure receptors” in the brain and at the same time establish homeostasis and regulate the body’s vital functions. All this allows us to fill the communication vacuum that exists in a person’s life. Dogs are used in therapy more often than other animals because... they easily learn verbal commands and obey them easily. In a family, dogs usually have developed intuition and empathy (the ability to empathize).
Canistherapy is used in working with different categories of people. Very often - in nursing homes. At the same time, the dog allows you to moderate fear, depression, tension, reduce absent-mindedness, and mobilize motor functions.
Many Children's Centers in America and Canada operate under the "Reading with Rower" program, created in Washington State. This program allows children who are behind in school, who read poorly, and who are unable to concentrate, to significantly improve their results.
In the canine associations of the Privolzhsky Center for Extracurricular Activities (CVR) in Kazan, which I have been leading for the past 10 years, we have conducted research that clearly demonstrates the beneficial effects of domestic dogs, regardless of their breed, on the well-being of both children and their family members , present at the classes: blood pressure stabilized, headaches disappeared, recovery from respiratory diseases was faster. Animal-assisted therapy work carried out by members of our children's association, three years ago became a laureate of the environmental conference for schoolchildren named after Lobachevsky, held annually at Kazan State University.
In addition to purely career guidance programs (“young trainer”, “young handler”, “young groomer” and “young veterinarian”), which have long been firmly established in the practice of our Center for Veterinarians, I, as an ecologist, could not help but pay attention to the environmental aspects of working with dogs (a dog in the city is always a complex of environmental relationships and problems associated with the existence of the human-dog system) and introduced elements of canine therapy programs into its environmental and canine educational programs, speaking to children of orphanages and boarding schools, visiting patients who had suffered a stroke and heart attack in one of the clinics in Kazan, conducting research on the effect of dogs on human health.
In November 2006, we were at the World Dog Show in Poland, in Poznan. Among the many stands and representative offices of various companies and clubs, I was pleased to see the stand of the Polish Association of Cinema Therapy (as canistherapy is called in Poland). I couldn't help but come over. In communication with colleagues, it turned out that teams of volunteers with dogs (most often Labradors) work in Poland at clinics and nursing homes, brightening up their loneliness and helping them recover from operations and a number of diseases.
And in June 2007, as part of the European Championships in Zagreb, Croatian canine organizations presented a stand on canistherapy using guide dogs for the blind.
Today we can already talk about the creation of a number of children's health centers and specialized units at cynological centers in different parts of our country.
The health and correctional center at Tambov State University has developed a program for children with developmental delays placed in a regional psychiatric hospital.
The method of canine psychocorrection is successfully used in the Ordyntsy canine complex near Moscow.
In Murmansk, a group of volunteers with “Vikes” dogs was invited to a correctional school and a specialized kindergarten to conduct weekly classes. The set of exercises they proposed leads to the correction of motor, speech, and mental disorders in children with severe damage to the nervous system and musculoskeletal system.
In Kazan in 2007, we created a group of volunteers (mainly with miniature schnauzers of pepper and black color) to work in correctional school No. 76, the administration of which not only enthusiastically accepted the original program I proposed, but also created all the necessary conditions for work (equipment groups, assigning specialists to them - a speech pathologist and a speech therapist, allocating time and space for classes).
Ksenia Musienko, a student of the “Young Handler” and “Young Groomer” associations, and her mother Olga Valentinovna Musienko were involved in the work as volunteers. Since Olga Valentinovna is a professional teacher-defectologist, and in the past a student of one of my canine associations, she was involved by me in working on a program for the rehabilitation of children with developmental problems and bringing it to life. Ksyusha Musienko herself, as well as my son Yuri Detkin, and many other guys, my students, devote a lot of time to working with the dog. It was their work and achievements in the field of education and training of their pets that made possible the practical application of my original canister therapy program. The guys travel a lot around the country (and even abroad), participating in “young handlers” competitions.
The work carried out immediately began to produce results. Children involved in the program began to respond more actively to changes in environment(this primarily applies to autistic children), the movements of children with cerebral palsy have become more coordinated. Teachers note improvements in writing letters in children with cerebral palsy and mild mental retardation, etc. And this is just the beginning of the work. The sets of exercises we offer will help children (with medical support, of course) more easily adapt to the world around them.
For the second time, pupils of our young handler school become winners of the most prestigious competition in Russia "young handler" within the framework of the international exhibition "Eurasia" in Moscow. Following the graceful Kristina Kurina (2005), she became the charming Dasha Klenkova with her pupil miniature schnauzer Zvezda Detkina Warnfield (2007).
It is for performances at these competitions that children and their mentors (teacher and parents) try to select calm, balanced, able to withstand great psychological stress, usually not large, socially very well adapted dogs, which fully meets the requirements for dogs admitted with trainer to visit elderly people or patients with nervous diseases, with mental retardation, that is, companion dogs.
A therapy dog ​​must be sensitive to the problems of a sick child, help him overcome physical difficulties, feel his mood and be able to influence him.
Competitions (not only victories, but also defeats, the ability to concentrate, quickly make the right decision in a particular situation, concentrate on achieving the desired result) taught the children courage, a kind and caring attitude towards all living things, and love for nature. Perhaps that is why they readily responded to my offer to train therapy dogs and work as volunteers (that is, for free, as is customary everywhere in the world).
Communicating with a dog has an impact on people with disabilities psychological impact, helps you feel safer and more independent.
Dogs help cope with stress and various neuroses.
Canistherapy involves specially trained dogs. Animals participating in psychotherapy must have ideal character and high intelligence.
Dogs brought in to work with sick children, in addition to generally accepted veterinary procedures, must undergo mandatory testing to determine their mental state and ability to withstand heavy psychological stress (such as communication with patients). Since it is generally accepted that a trainer over 18 years of age must manage a therapy dog, when involving children from canine associations, the participation of a professional canine handler or canine teacher is necessarily implied.
Another nuance in our work is that we have to take into account the mentality of the country and, specifically, Kazan. We had to completely eliminate children's contact with big dogs. Even the attraction of dogs as miniature and balanced in character as a miniature schnauzer initially plunged both parents and sick children into shock and caused, if not fear, then apprehension (after all, the movements of these children are poorly coordinated, often unpredictable, and not always adequate). It must be said that for dogs, even those that have been tested, communication with sick children is associated with great emotional and mental stress. In any case, we will continue this beneficial work.
The responsibilities of a companion dog are to always be calm, friendly, patient and tolerant. Many pets of young handlers can play this role.
The dogs' abilities for this or that work are revealed directly during the work. Unsuitable specimens are eliminated. In 2006, we conducted research in one of the art schools in Kazan. Deaf and mute children have been studying there for a number of years. It turned out that for these children, communication with a dog or cat is, if not decisive, then extremely necessary, and sometimes even saves lives! They are all in the drawings on free topic draw pets (even if there is neither a dog nor a cat in the house). And one of the girls, who also suffered from epilepsy, was saved by her mixed-breed dog: during an attack at night, she panicked and woke up the adults.
To sum up, I can say that there is a lot of work ahead. We have created several exercise cycles using companion dogs and therapy dogs for sick children with musculoskeletal problems. Training programs using dogs have been developed and are already being implemented to improve motor skills and coordination, concentration and development different groups muscles in disabled children with various diseases. Several companion dogs have been tested, and work has begun on training and testing therapy dogs. But we need like-minded people. And not only among dog owners (there are many of them among children and their parents), but also among those who run specialized children's institutions. I really hope for their response. After all, everyone will benefit: sick children will have the opportunity to improve their health without medication and improve their lifestyle, and children involved in our associations will have the opportunity to realize the importance of healthy image life, and for all of us to love nature and “our little brothers” even more, realizing their role in our lives.

The article was received in November 2007
and published in No. 1(46) "2008

feeding with natural food

Irina Petrakova,
The article was published in the magazine "Pyatnashka" No. 9 "2001 (publication of the A-Dalmatin club, Moscow). In preparing this publication, the author made minor changes to the text.

ABOUT FEEDING NATURAL PRODUCTS

Almost every day in my house I receive calls from people who have recently bought a puppy, and sometimes have already managed to raise it, who ask me to tell them about how to feed a dog. natural products, what the diet should be, what is useful and what is harmful for their pet.
First of all, I must say that it is extremely difficult to write about something that you do not personally use, and to give advice that you yourself do not follow. I am not a supporter of natural nutrition, and for the past 8 years we have been feeding our own dogs only dry food. We are very pleased with them, and I am horrified to think that I would have to prepare the diets for the dogs myself.
In our kennel we keep six dogs of different ages and genders: five Dalmatians and a Schnauzer, and we also raise 2-3 litters a year, not to mention other people’s dogs different breeds living in foster care. To feed them we use at least 5 different varieties ready-made food. That is, with natural nutrition, each dog would need to develop its own diet, based on breed and individual characteristics, condition, time of year, etc. But even if we had only one dog, without being a professional nutritionist, I could not be completely sure that I put absolutely everything that was necessary in my pet’s bowl.
Before you start feeding your dog a natural diet, you must ask yourself the question: “Why do you think this is better than the one made by a large company that produces ready-made dog food?” There may be several answers.
1. “They say that dry food is harmful to health, and that they are made from who knows what.” This is wrong. Modern dog food is the fruit of the work of serious scientists. Their development sometimes takes years of numerous laboratory studies and tests. 90% of dog breeders around the world prefer to use them to feed their pets. If feeds were harmful to health or did not contain the high-quality ingredients specified in them, their use would have been abandoned long ago.
2. “Our dog is allergic to ready-made food.” To make such a conclusion, you first need to do allergy tests. Perhaps you used the food incorrectly, exceeded the dose, or mixed it with natural products. Maybe this is a reaction to some microelements or additives, and if you use another food everything will be fine. Or maybe the dog has an allergy to beef, and then feeding it natural meat will not go away.
3. "Dry food is too expensive." This is wrong. Even the best dry food will not cost more than a balanced, well-formulated natural diet from quality products. Of course, only if you do not replace the real meat you buy for yourself with offal, meat trimmings or bones, and give your dog vegetables and fruits daily.
4. “My dog ​​won’t eat dry food.” I have never met a dog that categorically refused to eat any dry food and preferred to fast for weeks before starting to eat it. All dogs have different tastes, and after trying several types of food and canned food and letting your dog know that you are determined to switch it to ready-made food, you will definitely find one that the dog will eat with pleasure.
5. “Cooking is my hobby, and it gives me joy to prepare a variety of dishes for the whole family and separately for the dog.” This is perhaps the most compelling argument of all, which is difficult for me to argue with.
If you are still firmly convinced that your dog should eat natural food, you need to determine an approximate list of products used.
Before starting to write this article, I spent several days studying a huge amount of literature on this issue - books on nutrition, publications in the press, science articles, countless amounts of information posted on the Internet in Russian and English. And I learned practically nothing useful from them.
First of all, it should be noted that even among human nutritionists there is no consensus on how you and I should eat. Just think about such well-known methods as fasting (as well as its complete denial), raw food diet, vegetarianism, separate meals (it also has a lot of opponents), millions of different diets... Many of them contradict each other, and it is completely impossible to understand, what is the most correct way of eating?
In dog breeding the situation is no better. The authors are foaming at the mouth and arguing among themselves about what foods should be consumed and how to prepare them. As you might guess, the authors of most books and articles, both domestic and foreign, are certified veterinarians with academic degrees, as well as nutritionists and entire scientific groups. For example, one professor publishes a book called "Give the Dog a Bone!" and on 200 pages he proves that this is absolutely necessary, and two other, no less famous “luminaries” in their works claim that “bones lead a dog to premature death.”
At the same time, most authors, as well as dog handlers and other advisers, are very categorical in their statements and limit themselves to the statements: “You can’t give rolled oats to a dog” or “Feed your dog tripe,” without giving any scientific justification.
Therefore, I want to emphasize that the advice given in this article is based on my personal experience as well as common sense. Common sense suggests that besides pale toadstools and other products that are no less hazardous to health, you can feed the animal almost anything you like. In villages, chain mongrels eat slop and table scraps all their lives and live to a ripe old age.
However, if you want to feed your dog correctly, then for daily feeding you should prefer a balanced diet that contains proteins, fats, carbohydrates and fiber in the right proportions, as well as vitamins and microelements.
Nothing bad will happen if you give your beloved dog a piece of bread and butter or leftover pasta from your plate, but if these products become the basis of its diet, then it is unlikely that it will eat properly and maintain good shape.
Let's not reinvent the wheel and see what ingredients are included in most dry dog ​​food. After all, entire institutions have already worked on their content, so why do we need to invent something new?
First of all, the feed includes meat - a source of protein. Most often, beef or chicken (turkey) are used, and in dietary feeds - lamb. These types of meat are the best to digest and are not too fatty, so these are the ones you should use. Cottage cheese and kefir are also suitable as an additional (but not main) source of protein. From time to time, you can replace meat with sea fish, but keep in mind that its nutritional value is much lower than that of meat, and therefore you need to feed it in larger quantities.
Rice, corn, and some cereals are used as a source of carbohydrates in prepared feeds. For some reason, none of the feed manufacturers add millet, semolina, pearl barley or rolled oats. Obviously, you shouldn't include them in your daily diet either. But instead of corn (which is not very common here, despite all the efforts of Khrushchev), buckwheat is perfect.
The dog also needs fiber. Manufacturers of prepared feeds add various dried vegetables or, say, sugar cane pulp as a source of fiber. You can give cabbage, carrots, zucchini, pumpkin, apples...
Fats and vegetable oils must be added to prepared foods. Good source fatty acids There will be regular sunflower or olive oil (1-2 tablespoons per day).
Any dry food must include vitamins and mineral supplements. A special one will work well for your dog. vitamin complex some well-known company (for example, “8 in 1”, Beaphar, Vetzime, Bewidog or Exelpet.). Don't be tempted by the low prices of some mineral supplements. They may not be balanced enough or may not contain all the necessary components.
In addition, any good food in small quantities necessarily includes some “strange” additional ingredients such as sunflower husks, soybean meal, corn germ flour, flax seeds or calendula petals. Not being a nutritionist, I find it difficult to determine the purpose of these supplements, but they are certainly also necessary for the proper nutrition of your dog.
There is one downside to homemade food that you should be aware of. It is usually soft and does not need to be chewed. In this case, no stimulation of the gums occurs, and the teeth are not cleaned of plaque and tartar. That is, it is good only from the point of view of its nutritional value. This is why, when giving homemade food, you should always offer your dog something to clean his teeth, such as a toy or carrot. Although special dog biscuits and crackers for cleaning teeth are much better suited for this purpose.
So, we have listed the main components that should be included in your dog’s diet. But this is only the minimum, absolutely necessary for more or less proper nutrition.
Among the literature I reviewed, I came across a book by the American author Liz Palicka, published by the American Kennel Club entitled “Dog Nutrition and Health.” True, out of 240 pages of the book, only the very last 9 were devoted to homemade food (probably the author does not believe that homemade nutrition and health are related), and the rest of the book was devoted to ready-made food. However, it contains the diet recommended by American experts for homemade food. Here he is.
Mix in a large bowl:
- 450 g of chopped meat (chicken, turkey, lamb), frying and rendering off excess fat;
- boiled and crushed medium-sized potatoes;
- 2 cups of boiled brown rice (it is healthier than regular rice - note by Irina Petrakova);
- half a cup of boiled oatmeal;
- half a cup of boiled ground barley;
- half a cup of raw grated carrots;
- half a cup of finely chopped raw green vegetables (broccoli, spinach, green beans);
- 2 tablespoons of olive oil;
- 2 tablespoons of finely chopped garlic.
It is recommended to divide the mixture into separate portions and store it in the refrigerator. In addition, it is recommended to add yogurt, mineral, multivitamin, and herbal supplements as supplements.
This diet is intended for normal, healthy adult dogs. For a high-calorie diet, add half a cup of wheat sprouts and 4 hard-boiled eggs, crushed with their shells.
This diet really includes everything that is necessary for proper nutrition of your dog. But are you ready to feed her this way, including all recommended foods in her diet? I'm afraid that you will prefer a simplified scheme: porridge or cottage cheese in the morning, and meat with vegetables or porridge in the evening. In this case, you must be honest with yourself and realize that this is absolutely not enough, and it would be much more useful to give the dog ready-made food, even if it is inexpensive.
Questions are often asked about the amount of feed and frequency of feeding. Of course, you know that puppies eat often, depending on their age: from 3 to 6 times a day. After 7-8 months, the dog can be fed 2 times a day, although you can easily leave 3 meals a day so that he eats breakfast, lunch and dinner with other family members. But in this case, it would be fair to walk the dog three times a day.
The amount of food depends on the dog’s appetite, mobility, weight and condition. And also on the ability to digest food. After all, we also eat differently: some eat a lot, some eat little. One person can eat a whole pan fried potatoes at dinner and at the same time remains slim, another has only to look at the bun, and he begins to get fat.
Follow your own intuition, watch your dog's weight, and everything will be fine. However, in any case, your adult Dalmatian should eat about 250-350 g of fresh meat per day, but how much “side dish” you add depends on the fatness of your pet. There is no need to limit the amount of vegetables and fruits. A puppy under one year of age needs more food than adult dog, therefore, the amount of meat should be greater - 300-500 g daily.
If you have any doubts about whether your dog is in good shape, you can always take the dog to your breeder.
Also monitor the quality of the wool. Dull, brittle, or excessively shedding fur most often indicates that you still have not been able to create an optimal diet for the dog, and something is missing in its nutrition.
If the dog is too fat, the amount of food should be reduced, mainly due to carbohydrates (porridge), but add more ballast fiber - cabbage, apples. If she is thin, simply increase the amount of food, add more carbohydrates and fats, offer a piece of bread and butter.
There are foods that are not recommended for feeding dogs. These primarily include sweets, various seasonings, everything spicy, salted, smoked, too fatty meat, boiled bones. This means that you should not give them often. There is nothing wrong with occasionally giving your dog a piece of herring or a cookie as a treat. However, if you do this every day, she may develop health problems.
It is also not recommended to give dogs by-products - liver, kidneys, spleen, etc. Various waste products accumulate in them, and their nutritional value is not too high.
Just like you and me, dogs have individual intolerance to certain foods. Some people are allergic to meat or fish, others are allergic to strawberries or oranges. Almost any food, as well as vitamin supplements, can cause an allergic reaction. Therefore, you should not rush to extremes, dramatically change the dog’s diet, or overfeed it with any one product. In each case of allergies, you need to consult a doctor and do a series of special tests.
Some Dalmatian owners I know, wealthy people, have been feeding their dog this way for several years now: a pack of vacuum-packed sausages, plus a can of canned food like “camp porridge” with all sorts of spices, raw chicken gizzards or navels, sometimes with porridge or pasta, and spring water water from the supermarket in large bottles. The dog is overfed, the coat is usually in poor condition. At the same time, the owners are confident that they feed the dog correctly and are proud of what it eats." natural food, not crackers from a bag." It is impossible to convince them. People are extremely reluctant to part with their own delusions...

The article was received in April 2002
and published in No. 2 "2002.

a little about schnauzers...

ANSWERS TO FREQUENTLY QUESTIONS ABOUT SCHNAUZERS

What is the difference between Risen, Mittel and Miniature?

There are three types of Schnauzer, which differ mainly in their size:
large - Giant Schnauzer - height 60-70 centimeters, weight 40-50 kilograms;
medium - miniature schnauzer - height 40-50 centimeters, weight 15-18 kilograms;
small - miniature schnauzer - height up to 35 centimeters, weight 4-7 kilograms.
How did schnauzers appear? What is the purpose of the breed?

It is difficult to find a breed of dog whose origin would cause as much speculation as this one. According to some sources, the history of the Schnauzer goes back at least five hundred years. According to others, this breed originated somewhere at the end of the last century in Germany.
A common version is that schnauzers (originally middle schnauzers) were bred to guard stables. In addition to protection, dogs caught rats, for which they needed thick, long hair on their face, paws and belly (so that the rat could not bite through the skin).
Now schnauzers are universal companions for the whole family, easily amenable to a wide variety of training.
Giant Schnauzers are successfully trained for protective duty.
But we should not forget that both miniature schnauzers and miniature schnauzers are still not a decorative breed - the strong-willed character and active temperament of these bearded dogs deserves special treatment.
The Schnauzer does not need to be taught to guard, he must be restrained from excessive zeal.
What is the character of a schnauzer?

The unbridled temperament of the schnauzer and love for his own, bordering on fanaticism, is distinguishing feature Schnauzer breed. When you hold a schnauzer puppy for the first time, know: this is your joy, your good mood, your extended youth, but it is also your cross. You are guaranteed the tender, stormy, selfish and selfless love of a schnauzer.
The Schnauzer generally has a special relationship with its family - these dogs love children and, as a rule, accept with complacency any living creature (be it a cat, rat or hamster) living in the house.
The schnauzer has his own place in the house only in your absence, but if you are at home, he will “chase” you in all your movements around the apartment. True, the schnauzer does this unobtrusively, but tries to get closer to his beloved owner.
The Schnauzer is a pronounced leader. Independence, stubbornness and cunning are also well-known “complexities” of his character. And if the love of a schnauzer is guaranteed to you from the moment of your first meeting, then authority must be gained and defended.
From the first days of his stay in the house, he will put into action his entire arsenal and try to become the boss. And if today you allowed him to put his face on the sofa, then tomorrow he will sleep on your head (literally). If today you gave a piece from the table during your lunch, then tomorrow he will demand it, pushing you with his paw, poking you with his nose.
How to train a schnauzer?

Schnauzers are highly trainable and achieve amazing results in a short period of time if the owner or trainer can get him excited about the work. He must enjoy doing this, otherwise the schnauzer will pretend to be deaf and dumb or pretend that he is about to die from fatigue.
Dogs of this breed have lightning-fast reactions and “turn on” very quickly. Here he is fast asleep, shuddering and growling in his sleep, but a second later the schnauzer is already at the other end of the apartment, because he heard a rustling outside the door.
Schnauzer is an optimist by nature and, as they used to write in Komsomol characteristics, “takes an active life position” or, as they say now, “takes everything from life.” Whatever he does, he does it with gusto and receives true pleasure. The Schnauzer must be busy with something all the time. He must have his own “business”.
How healthy are Schnauzers? What are the "breed" diseases?

The enviable health and excellent immunity of schnauzers is a reason for the envy of many. Schnauzers are long-lived. Average term The life of a schnauzer is 12-14 years.
However, in Lately, schnauzers, like other breeds, are becoming increasingly prone to various neoplasms and tumors. Also, due to the insufficiently responsible attitude of the owners to the necessary loads, you can increasingly see a thick, heavily moving schnauzer, completely different from a normal representative of this active and fit breed.
What special care do Schnauzers need?

Schnauzers generally have a hard coat, which is considered the least allergenic.
However, the schnauzer's coat requires special care. The schnauzer needs to be trimmed and clipped 2-3 times a year, leaving hair only on the face, paws and belly.
But you get rid of the problems of shedding, besides, cutting and trimming is easy to learn and soon you will be able to do it yourself.

A dog for yourself

Schnauzer. About the breed.

Schnauzer. About the breed.

The Schnauzer family includes three varieties, the standards of which are almost the same, with the exception of height and the scale of acceptable colors. The largest of them is the Giant Schnauzer (FCI standard No. 181), then the medium or standard Schnauzer (FCI standard No. 182) and, finally, the Miniature Schnauzer Miniature Schnauzer (FCI standard No. 183). Since the original form was a medium-sized schnauzer, and smaller dogs - miniature schnauzers - were obtained directly from it, we will primarily talk about them. The history of the Giant Schnauzer is somewhat different, since dogs of other breeds participated in its creation.

The Schnauzer was never fashionable, so he managed to remain himself. Josef Bertha, the founder of the German Club of Schnauzer and Pinscher Fans, who went down in the history of the official formation of the breed at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, characterized it this way: “All the qualities that the Schnauzer possesses are justified, those who understand this dog will remain faithful to it. The appearance of the breed corresponds to the character, and both are inextricably linked: a strong physique and simple, laconic lines; for all his restraint and strength, he has a lightning-fast reaction. The coat is thick and hard, reliably protecting the schnauzer from any bad weather and attacks from enemies. Well-developed senses help him fight his sworn enemies - mice and rats. The working qualities of a schnauzer can only manifest themselves if he trusts the members of the family in which he lives. The schnauzer is constantly anxious and alert, very loyal, decisive and independent in his actions, persistent, but not annoying, does not make a fuss and, despite his stormy temperament, does not show causeless aggressiveness and gets along well with other animals. These valuable qualities must be strengthened in breeding work, because no training can replace them.”

Medium Schnauzer.
The homeland of schnauzers and their relatives.

Modern schnauzers, or bearded pinschers, come from Germany (Bavaria) and its neighboring countries - Switzerland and Austria. In the Middle Ages they were known in the areas of Württemberg and also Tyrol. The breed's closest relatives are pinschers, spitz dogs, and terriers, which are believed to be descended from a dog that existed at the beginning of the Stone Age and was called the turf dog, Cams familiaris palustris Rutimeyer. Found in pile buildings, the skulls and skeletons of these early domestic dogs have many features in common with modern pinschers, schnauzers, spitzes and terriers. In addition, local herding shepherd dogs may also be among the ancestors of the schnauzer.

What they were like.

Wirehaired Pinschers, or Schnauzers, are undoubtedly a very old breed of dog with outstanding working qualities. For a long time, her modest, discreet appearance protected her from fashion. This explains the fact that in literature, and even on the canvases of artists, we very rarely meet any ancestors of schnauzers. Until the beginning of the 20th century, schnauzers were different types of rather nondescript dogs with unkempt hair. A stuffed animal of one of these dogs is in the collection of the Zoological Museum of St. Petersburg. This is a small dog - a wire-haired pinscher with shaggy, hard hair of a dirty gray color, with a long tail, erect light ears, and a rounded forehead.

The ancestors of the schnauzer were ordinary rural dogs, which were called stable pinschers or rat catchers. The very name of these dogs suggests that they could hardly be found in the salons of the nobility. Smooth-haired and wire-haired pinschers were known in Germany, as well as in nearby countries - the Czech Republic. Austria and Switzerland since the Middle Ages.
It was then assumed that Pinschers were descendants of terriers, but it is now believed that the Pinscher is a very old breed, originating in Central Europe, and not the result of crossbreeding or importation. Approximately from late XIX centuries, separate breeds of the pinschers family appeared, most often dogs of medium height (up to 55 cm) with predominantly short hair, and the wire-haired pinschers of that time had semi-erect ears.

It is believed that a relative of the wire-haired pinschers is the beaver hunting dog (bibarhund), which was common in the Middle Ages; it was mentioned by the king of the Merovingian dynasty (Frankish state) Dagobert (628 - 638) in Lex Baiuvanorum. It says there that death penalty the one who accidentally or deliberately kills a hunting dog will be subjected to. This refers to a terrier-type dog that some Germanic tribes used to hunt beaver. The French hunting writer Gaston de Foy, working under the pseudonym Phoebus, in his Book of the Hunt (circa 1387) mentioned rough-haired, terrier-like tanner dogs, descendants of beaver dogs, often used for hunting in medieval Germany.

Other researchers believe that one of the ancestors of the wire-haired pinschers was a shepherd dog (like the Bouvier des Flanders). It is likely that the old stable pinschers had much in common with the shaggy hunting and herding dogs of Central Europe, since they performed very similar tasks and had common areas of distribution. Stable pinschers were kept by rural residents - peasants, carters, and artisans. These dogs guarded the yard, herds of livestock, carts, caught rats and other rodents, often lived in stables with horses, were content with modest food, and were unpretentious to their living conditions. The future of these different types of dogs as a breed was ensured by their universal working qualities, proportional physique, average height, mobility, intelligence, and innate inclinations for guard duty.

Captured on canvas.

The few images of stable pinschers that have come down to us indicate a variety of types. appearance these dogs by physique, height, coat characteristics and color. From the Middle Ages to the beginning of the 20th century, a variety of variations could be found. Stable pinschers are depicted in the paintings of the German artist Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528). In 1492 - 1504 the artist had a dog of the schnauzer type. Similar dogs can be seen in the tapestry (1501) of the German painter and graphic artist Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472 - 1553), in the paintings of Jan Brueghel (1568 - 1625) and the Austrian painter Morsch von Schwind (1804 - 1871) " Honeymoon"(1862). In the Mecklenburg Museum there is a sculpture of a hunter with a stable pinscher lying at his feet (14th century). On the square in Stuttgart there is a monument “The Night Watchman” (1620): in his right hand the watchman holds a lantern, and in his left - a halberd, next to him is a dog, in which it is easy to recognize the prototype of the schnauzer. In the painting “Exit of the Hunter” by the French caricaturist and battle painter Carl Berne (1758 - 1836), pinschers of the 18th century are depicted among horses.

In the book by Konrad Jahn (1863), one of the engravings by Johann Adam Klein (1812) depicts two pinschers in wide collars, on the right is smooth-haired, and on the left is rough-haired with docked ears and tails, the height of the dogs is approximately 40-50 cm.

Publications.

One of the oldest books about dogs in German is considered to be the 1832 book “Hunting and Other Dogs with All Their Relatives” by a resident of southern Germany, the homeland of the schnauzer. Johann Wilhelm Beumeister (1804-1846), a rural veterinarian who knew local dogs well. He mentions the benchur, or rattenfanger: “A dog with a fairly round head, a lively look, an excellent bite, and a muzzle covered with stiff whiskers. The limbs are strongly muscled and equipped with strong claws. The body is short, and the tail is usually chopped off. The coat is not too long, but hard.”

Something about the Miniature Schnauzer

Something about the Miniature Schnauzer

Schnauzers are often described as unusual small dogs with an attentive gaze under thick eyebrows. Despite its diminutive size, such a dog is hardy, smart, has an easygoing character and easily takes root both in a private home and in an apartment. However, when choosing a pet, it is important to understand that this name refers not to one dog, but to three representatives of the breed, which have some differences.

Show all

Briefly about the history of the breed

Schnauzers first appeared in 1879 in Germany in the city of Hanover; the basis for selection was the wire-haired pinschers. The first breed club was formed only in 1895, at which time the idea of ​​a spring breed standard arose. Breeding these dogs on the territory Russian Federation began only in the late 80s of the 20th century.

For some time, these dogs were known as Munich dogs, since the best representatives were bred in the Munich-Augsburg region. The breed description then focused on main feature animal, and it became the basis for the final name. Since the most striking feature of this dog is its muzzle, the word “schnauzer” was chosen, which is translated as such.

In Stuttgart, the “Night Watchman” monument was erected to schnauzers, immortalizing the breed.

Subspecies of the breed and their differences from each other

Schnauzer species are classified primarily according to the size of the dog:

• The Miniature Schnauzer is the smallest representative of the breed.
• The Miniature Schnauzer is medium in height.
• The Giant Schnauzer is the largest subspecies.

Each representative has some features that can be noted visually.



Miniature Schnauzers




The miniature representative of the breed has 2 name options: miniature schnauzer and cocker micro-schnauzer. This is a small dog with a rectangular muzzle, its height is between 30–35 cm, and its body weight does not exceed 8 kg.

On the elongated head there is a smooth transition from the dog’s ears to the nose, and the transition from the forehead to the wedge-shaped muzzle is sharply emphasized by eyebrows. The nose is straight and parallel to the forehead. The dog has powerful jaws and a scissor bite. The eyes are medium size, oval in shape. The ears are set high, bend forward, and are rarely cropped.

The body of the Miniature Schnauzer is square, with well-developed back muscles. The breast shape is a wide oval. The abdomen is moderately tucked. The back of the body is rounded, with a smooth transition to the tail. The tail itself is set high and is sometimes docked. The dog's paws are straight, short, with closed toes and black claws.

It is this small representative of the Schnauzer that feels most comfortable in an apartment and is suitable for people who prefer miniature pets.



Miniature Schnauzers




The standard height of this subspecies of schnauzers does not exceed 50 cm. Middle schnauzers have a large head, somewhat elongated, with a pronounced transition from the forehead to the muzzle. On the muzzle itself, the hair grows typical for this breed, resembling a beard, mustache and thick eyebrows.

The dog's body is square in shape, the chest is wide, with well-developed muscles, and the back is slightly sloping. The legs are short and strong. The tail is set high and can be docked at the owner's request.

Giant Schnauzers




The size of the Giant Schnauzer is the largest of all the subspecies of this breed; the dog’s height reaches 75 cm.

The animal has an elongated wedge-shaped muzzle with a long and thick beard and eyebrows, which can partially cover the eyes. The dog's eyes are oval and set close to the nose. The ears are symmetrical; according to the standard, they are cropped to give them a triangular shape.

The back of the Giant Schnauzer is short, with a highly developed muscular frame, the stomach is tucked, the chest is oval in shape and slightly convex. These dogs have long and straight front legs, and the hind legs are slightly shorter, which results in a slight slope of the body.

Character of dogs

The characteristics of the subspecies of schnauzers are practically the same. All representatives of the breed have high intelligence and strong intuition, they are extremely active and playful.

Both puppies and adults are wary of strangers and will readily defend their owner. They get along well with children and quickly adapt to all family members.

However, the dog needs training. If you do not pay due attention to education, the schnauzer will grow up disobedient and may purposefully behave badly when something does not suit him.

Such a dog needs an owner with a strong character so that he can quickly show his dominant position. By nature, the Schnauzer is a leader, so it will try to suppress the owner if he does not behave like a leader.

Thanks to the features mental development Dogs of this breed require early training. Most often, they begin to act when the puppy reaches 2–2.5 months.

The main emphasis is on developing the sense of smell and predator instinct. Then, as a result, the owner gets a good hunter and guard.

Schnauzers have a huge amount of energy and therefore require daily physical activity. In its absence, dogs become irritable and show aggression. With a lack of walks fresh air Schnauzers often develop obesity due to metabolic disorders.

Advantages and disadvantages of schnauzers

The Schnauzer has both positive and negative features:

Despite its good health, this breed has a special predisposition to a number of diseases:

• Dysplasia of the joints, most often the hip.
• Thyroid dysfunction with decreased activity.
• Pancreatitis.
• Endocrine pathologies such as diabetes.
• Skin diseases - dermatitis.
• Damage to the nervous system - epilepsy.
• Eye diseases.
• Various pathologies of the digestive system.

With proper care and careful monitoring of the Schnauzer's nutrition and condition, the risk of developing diseases is significantly reduced.

The Miniature Schnauzer or Miniature Schnauzer is a dog breed that combines compact size, confident character and good looks. It is about miniature schnauzers that will be discussed in this article.

Germany is considered the homeland of the miniature schnauzer, where dogs of this breed originally served farmers. They were also used to kill rats, which they were good at hunting.

The breed was developed sometime in the second half of the 19th century. In Germany, the Miniature Schnauzer is more often called a Miniature Schnauzer or Miniature Schnauzer. Interestingly, the name of the breed is translated from German as “muzzle” and “gnome”, which speaks volumes about their funny appearance. Of course, like the history of many other dog breeds, the origin of the Miniature Schnauzer remains shrouded in mystery.

Despite the fact that the breed originated in the Middle Ages, it is considered quite young. It is believed that the ancestors of miniature schnauzers are middle schnauzers. However, the breed acquired its modern appearance after additional crossings with Affenpinschers, Spitzes and poodles. The standard for this breed was recognized only in 1890.

Breed standards

The Miniature Schnauzer is a small, stocky dog ​​with a graceful build and a slightly boxy profile. Dogs of this breed are characterized by a muzzle that has a pronounced transition from the forehead to the nose. The height of the average representative of the breed is from 30 to 36 cm. The weight of a miniature schnauzer ranges from 5.4-9.1 kg.

Wool has average length and is characterized by black, white and silver (also called “pepper and salt”) color. Iron-gray and silver-gray coat colors are also found. The wool feels a little rough to the touch. The nose is well pigmented with black coloring and a rounded shape. The ears of such a pet have sharp tips and are small in size. A funny feature of this dog’s appearance is its very thick eyebrows and long beard. The eyes of the Dwarf Schnauzer are dark brown in color, characterized by their small size and deep set. The look is insightful and expressive.

Character

In general terms, the Miniature Schnauzer is a fairly active dog that is highly trainable and has a special sense of alertness. Such a pet always wants to be useful to its owner. He is very friendly and rarely shows aggression. You can't call him timid either. This dog is also a great companion who simply loves to be the center of attention. Unlike most terriers, he is not at all aggressive, and compared to large schnauzers, these miniature dogs are not as bossy.

Such a pet will feel great in the company of other pets and dogs. The Miniature Schnauzer can be a little stubborn at times, but with proper training this will only show up in fleeting moments. These witty dogs are very fond of children and enjoy spending time playing with them. Despite its small size, the miniature schnauzer considers itself a solid and confident member of the family. At first glance, a cute dog can instantly turn into an angry and ardent defender if he sees that someone is offending his loved ones. Even as a puppy, a miniature schnauzer will try in every possible way to protect its owner. His desire to “break up” all offenders must sometimes be stopped so that the dog does not become too aggressive.

However, despite such watchdog qualities, such a schnauzer is distinguished by incredible charm, as well as a very playful and cheerful character. At the same time, such a pet requires a lot of attention from its owner, since if it is lacking, its character can become destructive and aggressive. The Schnauzer needs constant communication and spending time together. This dog is very brave and courageous. He loves to socialize with other dogs, no matter their size.

Care

Today this breed of dog is very popular, as they can be easily kept in a city apartment. These indoor dogs do not feel comfortable in a doghouse, as they simply love to be in the company of a person. Before buying a dog, you should consider that a miniature schnauzer will require daily communication. The Miniature Schnauzer does not need much physical activity, but regular play walks are still necessary for such a pet. It is also worth remembering that you should not conduct regular endurance training, as it can cause boredom in your dog. The dwarf schnauzer's coat requires special care. So, it is necessary to comb his “fur coat” regularly (at least 1-2 times a week, and preferably daily) to prevent the formation of hairballs. The undercoat should also be trimmed, as it is very thick. For combing, it is better to use a brush that has thick, hard bristles. When brushing, which is very beneficial for hair growth and improving blood circulation in the skin, special attention should be paid to the armpits, belly and between the paw pads.

Particular attention should be paid to the dog's beard, as food particles may remain on it. That is why after each feeding you need to wipe your pet with a napkin, cleaning the fur.

Water procedures should not be carried out too often. For example, it will be enough to bathe a miniature dog when it is heavily soiled or before a haircut. When bathing, use only professional types shampoos and conditioners for dogs. The owner is advised to constantly monitor the appearance of the eyes, nose and ears of such a pet. You need to walk such a dog several times a day for 1-2 hours.

Nutrition

Of course, the miniature’s diet has its own nuances. So, in no case should you overfeed your pet, as it is capable of gaining excess weight, turning over time into a sick, lazy and sedentary creature.

For a dog of this breed, professional dry food is perfect, which can be combined with natural products. Thus, miniatures happily eat vegetables cooked in meat broth, cottage cheese or low-fat kefir. Sometimes they can be fed lean meat, fish and eggs. Due to the congenital weak liver function of miniature schnauzers, it is strictly forbidden to feed sweet, fried, fatty and starchy foods. As a puppy, it is better to feed your dog at least 5 times a day. After the age of 9, you can move on to 3 meals a day.

In appearance, the Schnauzer breed looks like a small, adamant and stern professor. Surely everyone who sees such a stern-looking animal will get the impression that he is gloomy in character. However, this is a completely wrong conclusion. Schnauzer dogs are affectionate and cheerful animals. Read about all types of this wonderful pet further in the article, see photos and videos.

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Where did Schnauzers come from?

It is not easy to find any other type of man's best friend, the origin of which would have as many versions as that of the Schnauzer dog. Some experts claim that the history since the appearance of the pet goes back about five hundred years. Others say that Schnauzers appeared at the end of the 19th century in Germany.

There is a very common version according to which the favorite Schnauzer breed was originally bred to guard stables. In addition to this activity, the pet caught rats. This could, by the way, explain the presence and necessity of long fur on their muzzle, belly and paws.

Features

Dogs of this breed differ in size, but they are similar in appearance. Those varieties of pets that are large in size can become wonderful watchdogs. The Schnauzer has a strong build and is also highly resistant to colds. This type of dog among others can rightfully be considered a real long-liver. As for the appearance of dogs, they are all similar.

They have oval-shaped eyes on their head, and their jaw is strong. The ears are set high, hang on cartilage, and have a triangular shape. They are quite symmetrical, adjacent to the cheekbones with their inner edges.

Interestingly, the color of their eyes is very related to their character, and if they are light, this means that the dog has a bad character.

The neck is muscular and strong, and the noble scruff blends smoothly into the neck. As for wool, Schnauzers have a great advantage - they do not smell like “dog”.

Character traits

All dogs of this breed also have the same character and temperament. These dogs are cheerful and energetic creatures. Pets are distinguished by their tendency to dominate and endurance. Dogs of this breed are distinguished by their unbridled temperament and love for their owners. Sometimes this attitude borders on real fanaticism.

When you first take little puppy in your arms, you should know that he is your joy, ideal mood and extended youth. The pet of this breed will give you stormy, tender and selfish love. Dogs have a special relationship with their family.

So, these dogs adore children and also treat neighboring animals well. The dog has its own place in the house only if the owner is not at home; in other cases, the small pet will follow the owner’s heels. What’s good is that the dog will do this absolutely not intrusively, however, he will try to mandatory settle down close to your dear host. Dogs of this breed are leaders, and very bright ones at that. They are cunning, stubborn and independent.

If it so happens that your pet does not accept you at first glance, you will have to make considerable efforts to make friends with him. You will defend and win your authority. See further in the video for a detailed description of these pets.

What types of Schnauzers are there?

The Schnauzer is one of a kind useful look dogs, which is available in three sizes. So, there is a Miniature Schnauzer, a Giant Schnauzer and a Miniature Schnauzer. Since the breed is German, it is characterized by an expression of constant readiness.

Basically, varieties are distinguished by size, for example, the Giant Schnauzer is the largest of them. Its height at the withers reaches fifty-five to sixty centimeters, and such a dog weighs about forty-five kilograms. The second place in size is occupied by the Miniature Schnauzer, which at the withers measures forty to fifty centimeters and weighs about seventeen kilograms.

The Miniature Schnauzer is considered the smallest - up to thirty centimeters at the withers and weighing four to five kilograms. Cropped ears are required for these dogs in Germany. Schnauzers can be pure black, pepper and salt, black and silver, white and chocolate and tan.

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