Each experienced mushroom picker has his own secrets of harvesting mushrooms. It’s not enough just to pick mushrooms, you need to know which ones are worth drying, and which ones are suitable only for salting or are cooked fresh. Eat general rules drying mushrooms, we will talk about them. I hope that the newly-made mushroom picker will be able to learn a lot of new things, and the experienced one, perhaps, will also learn something interesting for himself.
To begin with, we will decide whether it is necessary to wash the mushrooms before drying. Exist different opinions on this occasion, but I will say that my grandmother (mushroom picker with more than 20 years of experience) never washed mushrooms for drying, unlike those that were intended for pickling, salting and cooking. She cleaned them of dirt with a soft, slightly damp cloth. Although some recommend not to moisten the mushrooms at all.
Next, you need to select only strong, elastic mushrooms without massive damage, overripe, soft and wormy are not suitable for drying. In honey agaric, chanterelles, oil usually cut off the legs.
Spread the mushrooms in a thin layer on the grill. I have it often, so I don’t have to come up with devices so that the mushrooms do not fall out of the grate. Drying on a baking sheet is dangerous because the mushrooms can burn or burn badly, but if there are no grids, then put baking paper on the baking sheet and arrange the mushrooms so that they do not touch each other.
Drying should begin at a temperature of 45 ° C, in order to avoid darkening, when the mushrooms wither, raise to 60-70 ° C. The door should be slightly opened to the width of the palm for the best air circulation. During the drying process, the grates are interchanged in order to evenly dry the raw material.
We clean the mushrooms, cut them into thin slices about 5 mm thick, lay them out on a plate or grill and set the power to 100 W, start for 20 minutes, then open the door and ventilate for about 7 minutes, then repeat the operation 4-5 times. It is quite possible to get a ready-made raw material or a semi-finished product for further processing right away, but it is quite troublesome and long.
Many people wonder what is the fundamental difference between an oven and an oven. Those who have both will understand me immediately. The oven is like a separate "state". Everything seems to be the same, but the air supply technology and the quality of drying, in my opinion, are somewhat higher than other methods.
My grandmother always dried mushrooms in the oven. She put bricks under the bars. This was necessary so that the mushrooms were at some distance from the red-hot hearth of the furnace.
Prepared mushrooms can be strung on knitting needles (or thin skewers) or placed head down on a wire rack. You can put them on straw, the old fashioned way. Raw materials are laid out when the temperature in the oven drops to 60 ° C. Drying at a higher temperature threatens to spoil the mushrooms (they can burn, blacken, steam). But even at temperatures below 50 ° C, they begin to turn sour, which also leads to their deterioration.
In order for moisture to be well removed, the damper is slightly opened to allow air to circulate. Another feature is the opening of the chimney: at the very beginning of drying, the pipe is opened a little more than 0.75 valves, during the drying process the pipe is gradually covered, and by the end of drying it is closed.
Because of different sizes mushroom caps dry unevenly, so it is necessary to remove ready-made, dried mushrooms and dry the remaining ones. Over-dried raw materials are poorly processed, under-dried quickly deteriorate.
Dried mushrooms should bend, but not break, be elastic, dense, but not wet. Well-dried mushrooms are monophonic, light, without burnt and overheated pieces.
Drying the mushrooms is half the battle, the main thing is to keep your efforts on for a long time. To do this, stock up on well-twisted banks and containers. Mushrooms easily absorb odors and moisture, very quickly become moldy. Many housewives immediately place well-dried mushrooms in a sterilized glass container and tightly close or twist. If you treat the edges of the jar with alcohol, set it on fire and immediately close the lid, a slight vacuum is formed in the jar, which helps to preserve dry mushrooms.
So we figured out how to dry your mushroom crop. Choose the right mushrooms and the right way. I hope your mushroom stocks will delight you all year with their unique smell.
As you know, almost every type of mushroom has its own unique taste.
and flavor, and for each you need to pick up your “key”: which ones to fry, which ones are better to salt or marinate, and which ones to dry. The last harvesting method is the simplest and most reliable. He can do it even for novice housewives. In addition, for it you can use both porcini mushrooms, boletus and boletus, as well as more democratic ones: mushrooms and chanterelles. The main thing is to carefully study the technology of drying mushrooms at home.
What mushrooms can be dried at home? In general, all types of tubular pipes are suitable for drying. edible mushrooms: these are white, boletus, boletus, boletus, mossiness mushrooms. Lamellar - milk mushrooms, mushrooms, waves and others - it is undesirable to dry. They may acquire a slight bitter taste during drying. The exception is mushrooms and champignons.
There are a few basic rules to follow:
Prepared mushrooms can be dried indoors and outdoors. At the cottage or country house mushrooms are usually dried in the attic or in a warm, ventilated room - closer to the stove. At home, you can dry them in the kitchen, not far from the stove. In this case, the mushrooms are hung at a distance of 50-60 cm above the hob. If there is a happy opportunity to dry mushrooms on the street, dry them in the sun or in diffused light for 1-2 days, and dry them in the oven or in a dehydrator (electric dryer for vegetables and fruits) at 70 ° C.
There is also an express method when mushrooms are dried in a microwave. They are laid out on a wire rack and cooked in the microwave for 20 minutes at a power of 100-180 watts. After turning off the stove, drain all the accumulated liquid and open the door for 5 minutes. Then repeat the drying operation again, and so on several times. After checking the readiness - the mushrooms are moderately elastic, bend, but do not break immediately, but only with a little effort - we can assume that the drying was successful. There is also a "but"! This is still a fast drying, and it is very easy to overdry the mushrooms. They can even flare up in the microwave! For the greatest disclosure of taste and aroma, mushrooms are dried for a long time and gradually.
Until the next harvest
Keep dried mushrooms recommended in paper bags or in small cardboard boxes in a dry (not damp) clean place, preferably with constant temperature. They should not be stored in the basement or next to fresh vegetables, fruits, berries, nuts, pickled and salted preserves. If the mushrooms become damp during storage, they must be immediately sorted out, the damaged ones removed and dried again. The optimal shelf life of mushrooms is up to 1 year.
Right way
You now have several bundles dried mushrooms, which are asking for battle:
soup, stew, sauce, casserole... What's next? There are two ways to further apply them. The first is to use dry mushrooms instead of fresh ones, after soaking them first. Second, prepare mushroom powder and add it to dishes as a condiment.
How to cook dried mushroom soup? Let's tell everything in order.
Mushrooms are soaked for 20-30 minutes in a large amount of slightly warm water (30 g mushroom is coming 1 liter of water). Remember that instead of 200-300 g fresh mushrooms indicated in the recipe, it is recommended to use 30 g dried. After infusion, they are washed under running water. Further more. On the basis of dry mushrooms and the resulting infusion, you can prepare a wonderful broth. To do this, strain the infusion through the finest sieve, and preferably through a coffee filter. Prepare a stew of carrots, onions and a small piece of celery root and add it to the mushrooms. Add a few sprigs of parsley and thyme. Bring to a boil over medium heat and simmer covered for 30 minutes. Remove the broth from the heat, let it brew for 30 minutes, and strain. Choose mushrooms and use them in soups, pancake or pie fillings, pasta sauces, gravies for meat or poultry, in risottos, omelettes, warm salads. The broth itself is quite strong and, if desired, can be diluted with vegetable broth or water.
It is good to cook caviar from dried mushrooms. Rinse them under running water, boil for 1-1.5 hours. Drain in a colander or sieve and pass through a meat grinder or chop in a blender. In the resulting mass, add finely chopped and fried onions and a little carrot, season with salt and freshly ground black pepper. Dilute with vegetable oil to the desired consistency and to enhance the taste - mushroom infusion. If you do not plan to store caviar for a long time, let it brew in the refrigerator for several hours and serve.
fashionable thing
Mushroom powder is a very effective preparation. It is often used by chefs as the final finishing touch when serving a dish. When drying and storing mushrooms, losses often occur: mushrooms break, crumble. Do not rush to throw out such garbage! Grind the mushrooms in a coffee grinder, spice grinder, or pound in a mortar and mortar. Sift the powder through a sieve. If necessary, grind, grind large particles again. Store the powder in sealed jars in a dark and cool place. It can be mixed with other spices, with salt. The powder retains its natural mushroom flavor for a very long time, and you need to add it to the dish - in its pure form - a few minutes before it is ready. Or in a mixture - when served in a separate salt shaker or in a small bowl.
How to dry mushrooms at home mushroom pickers will tell in our article and share their secrets. It is not enough just to pick mushrooms, you need to know which ones can be eaten fresh, which ones can be salted, and which ones can be dried. In today's article, we will talk about the rules for drying mushrooms. Newly minted mushroom pickers will find out practical advice to help you master this craft. Experienced people may also gain important information.
One of the most successful ways of harvesting mushrooms is drying. They keep well with useful properties and even become more fragrant and saturated. At the same time, mushrooms in this version are absorbed better than pickled or salted ones. In addition, they are irresistible in soups. I would especially like to note the porcini mushroom.
Having collected a certain amount of mushrooms, you should not immediately dry them. Some species produce a bitter taste that intensifies when the fruit dries out. Therefore, it should be understood which mushrooms are more suitable for drying.
Mushrooms are divided into several types:
Let's look at each category separately.
Representatives of this family can be identified by the spores, which are under the hat in a layer of small sponge-like tubes.
Edible tubular mushrooms are almost all suitable for drying. But the best ones are:
This family under the cap has radial bands of dense plates in which spores are located. Most agaric mushrooms have a milky sap that will add bitterness when dried.
Here are the varieties of agaric that can be dried:
Important! Do not dry only russula, milk mushrooms and volushki, as they can be bitter.
They may look like blades, but instead of blades they have folds of flesh. Science for a long time could not identify them to any species, so they separated them as their own family.
Of this species, only dry fox ordinary, but there is a little bitterness in it.
In appearance, they are wrinkled, bumpy and shapeless. Spores of this species are stored in a separate special bag.
From this family are dried white truffle, which is a rare and expensive delicacy and morels.
Morels should be used with caution. To be edible, they must be properly processed. Dry for about 2 months, and even longer is better. During this period, toxins are eliminated from them, and they become safe. You only need to dry them outdoors and not in a residential area.
Now, understanding what can be dried and what is not worth it, let's discuss next question how to do it anyway.
From proper preparation depends on the end result. You should try to make the vegetables tasty, healthy and aesthetically attractive. To do this, you need to carefully prepare the product.
The first, and one of the main questions, is how to clean the mushroom without resorting to the use of water. If the mushrooms are wet, they will absorb water and take longer to dry than usual.
A knife is required for this process. With its help, the hats are cleaned of the remnants of leaves and grass. There is no need to remove the skin, they are dried with the skin.
Sand can be removed with a soft dry brush. Any impurities that remain will be washed away just before the already dried mushrooms are cooked, which are soaked in water.
In the next step, the mushrooms are divided by size. Separately put small, medium and large. This is necessary so that they dry evenly over a certain period of time.
It happens that in appearance the vegetable is whole and elastic, but worms live inside. No matter how beautiful and big mushroom, if residents are found in it, it should be thrown away.
boletus, boletus, flywheels and boletus are cut lengthwise so that at the very base of the cap the leg is separated from it.
Mushrooms are divided in half, cutting across.
Advice! When mushrooms are peeled and cut for drying, it is better to do this with a plastic knife. Unlike metal, it does not oxidize. Although it is not very convenient to use and difficult to adapt to, it is preferable.
If a metal knife has been in contact with the fruit and the stems or caps have oxidized, then taste qualities finished product will be much lower.
There are basic rules that must be taken into account so that dried mushrooms are tasty and fragrant.
It will take about 7 days to dry the mushrooms outdoors in the sun in hot weather. Mushrooms, sliced or whole, are strung on a dense thread and hung in the sun. You need to string so that they do not touch each other. You can cover them with gauze so that flies and dust do not sit down.
You can spread the sliced mushrooms on cardboard or baking paper. In extreme cases, on clean wooden boards, and dry it already in the oven or Russian oven.
Mushrooms are laid out on a grate in a thin layer. It is comfortable on it and there is no need to adapt something so that the mushrooms do not fall out. You can do this on a baking sheet, but then you should put baking paper on it so that the vegetables do not burn. You need to lay them out so that they do not touch each other.
Initially, you need to set the temperature to +45 degrees. When the mushrooms wilt, but so that they do not darken, you will need to add a temperature of up to + 60 + 70 degrees. It is necessary that the air circulate, for this you need to slightly open the door to the width of the palm. Periodically swap the grids in the process so that the raw material dries evenly.
Watch the video! How to quickly dry porcini mushrooms in the oven
It would seem, what is the difference between an oven and an oven. But the owners of both of them know for sure. The oven has its own, special atmosphere. The air supply and drying quality are somewhat better in the oven.
Grandmothers always dried mushrooms in the oven. Bricks were placed under the grate so that they would not come into contact with the hot surface.
Advice! Drying mushrooms at high temperatures can cause them to burn, turn black, and spoil. If the temperature is too low, then they turn sour and disappear.
This option is for the lazy. The main thing here is to cut the mushrooms correctly. The plates should be at least 1 cm, but you can dry them whole, as you like. Everything is simple here: time and temperature are set and the process has started.
You can experiment a little and add temperature, but slow down the time. The effect will be the same.
Watch the video! How to dry mushrooms in a dryer
Not a convenient way, but if there is no choice, then you can use it. Burners should be constantly burning for 2-3 days. And if during the drying process the food is cooked, the vegetables will absorb steam and the smell of food being prepared.
Mushrooms are strung on a rope and hung just above the ceiling, the burners are lit. If the gas is not turned off and drying is continuous, the product will be ready in 3 days.
Properly dried mushrooms have a uniform color, they are light and do not have tan or burnt parts. They should be elastic, bend, but not break. The texture will be dense and not wet.
Half of the work is done and the mushrooms are dried. Now it's time to make the second half - save them for the winter. To do this, you need jars and containers that twist well. Mushrooms very easily absorb odors and moisture, so they easily deteriorate and become moldy.
Some housewives put well-dried mushrooms in a sterilized jar, which is immediately closed. You can smear the edges of the jar with alcohol, set fire to it and immediately close it. then there will be a slight vacuum in it, which contributes to the storage of mushrooms.
Alternatively, you can use cotton bags to store dried mushrooms. But for this you need to choose the right room in which they will be located. To store dry vegetables, it is necessary that the air circulate well, because the smell of mushrooms is very strong. They should not be stored with other strong-smelling vegetables, such as onions and garlic. If the mushrooms have absorbed moisture, they can be sorted out and dried.
So today we looked at how to dry mushrooms at home and how to prepare them. Let mushroom stocks delight lovers of these fragrant fruits all year round.
Watch the video! How to dry mushrooms at home
Borovik is considered the king of mushrooms, and mushroom pickers strive to collect as many fruits as possible in order to enjoy them to their heart's content. To make blanks for the winter from them, you can use preservation, freezing and drying. Mushrooms deprived of liquid retain their original taste and aroma, and can be used to prepare various dishes. The main thing is to know the nuances of drying and the main secrets of storing porcini mushrooms.
Before the procedure, mushrooms should be properly prepared. This will preserve the taste and smell, as well as extend the shelf life. First of all, pay attention to the selection of mushrooms. Do not use wormy fruits for drying. If insects have damaged only one part (leg or hat), discard it, and feel free to take the second one into action. Old rotten mushrooms will not work either, especially if there are traces of mold.
Clean the selected mushrooms from sand, leaves, moss and other debris. It is strictly forbidden to wash them, otherwise it threatens to multiply mold and reduce the shelf life. After cleaning, cut the porcini mushrooms into thin layers of the same thickness. Small ones can be dried whole.
For drying porcini mushrooms in city apartments are often used ovens. This method is quite simple, but requires compliance with some rules. First of all, remember: you can dry the mushrooms on a wire rack or a baking sheet covered with parchment paper. They should not lie too close to each other, otherwise they will stick together.
When drying porcini mushrooms in the oven, do not forget to leave the door ajar.
To properly dry porcini mushrooms, it is important to choose temperature regime. Experienced housewives It is recommended to gradually increase the temperature in order to obtain a quality product as a result. Preheat the oven to +50 ⁰С and place a baking sheet with mushrooms. After 3–4 hours, increase the temperature to +70 ⁰С, and after another 2 hours, lower it again to +50 ⁰С. Stir the mushrooms occasionally during drying to ensure they dry evenly. Also, remember to leave the oven door ajar to allow air to circulate and moisture to evaporate.
Drying mushrooms in a microwave oven is a rather long, laborious and energy-intensive process. But this method can also be used. Spread the porcini mushrooms on a wire rack and put in the microwave. Select a power of 120-130 W and turn on the device for 20 minutes. At the end of the regime, remove the mushrooms, mix them and repeat the whole process 3-4 more times, depending on the size of the pieces.
When drying mushrooms in the microwave, you need to constantly monitor the process. They can quickly dry out or, conversely, remain damp. In addition, the microwave oven can only hold a small part blanks at a time, because the drying procedure can stretch for the whole day.
In the context of modern technological progress best option for drying mushrooms, vegetables and fruits - use an electric dryer. Main advantages: the ability to get rid of moisture a large number of products at a time, uniform processing of all pieces without outside interference and high energy consumption. To dry the porcini mushrooms, lay them out in an even layer on pallets. Assemble the device and turn it on. After 2–3.5 hours (depending on the model and power of the electric dryer), you will receive ready-dried mushrooms.
For many housewives remains topical issue how to dry porcini mushrooms on a rope. This is an old method used by great-grandmothers. It is very simple, does not require financial investments and large time costs. To dry, string mushrooms or their pieces on a thread and hang in a sunny, well-ventilated corner. To protect from insects, cover them with gauze. Dry the mushrooms outside from morning until late at night for several weeks. If weather do not allow mushrooms to dry on fresh air use the oven or microwave.
To ensure long-term storage of dry mushrooms will help compliance simple rules. Protect them as much as possible from contact with moisture, as they quickly absorb water, which can lead to the development of mold. It is better to keep them in a dark, well-ventilated area with average temperature air.
As a container, choose bags made of natural fabric or thick paper (plastic bags won't fit). You can also use glass jars, but they have a high risk of moths and other insects.
You can dry porcini mushrooms in the microwave, oven or the old method. The main thing is to follow the basic rules and recommendations, and also constantly monitor the process so as not to overdry the fruits or leave them raw.
Knowing how to dry mushrooms, you will be able to efficiently process the harvested mushroom crop and provide yourself with a valuable home supply. With such a preparation, the product does not lose its nutritional and valuable properties, and even becomes even more fragrant and rich in taste.
Drying mushrooms is a responsible matter, and in order not to harm the family, you need to figure out which mushroom species are suitable for such harvesting.
Due to the high content in them of all kinds of protein compounds, amino acids, organic acids, beta-glucans, melanin, as well as vitamins: A, group B, D, E, PP.
If the crop is harvested and further drying of the mushrooms is ahead, the features of the preliminary preparation of the product outlined below will help to fulfill this stage correct and good quality.
Further on how to dry with electric heating elements. This method is one of the best in a city apartment and will allow you to short term effectively dry valuable product for subsequent long-term storage. Most electrical appliances are equipped with convection, which will speed up the drying and make the process better.
Those who have an aerogrill will be interested to learn how to properly dry mushrooms using such a gadget. The relatively small amount of mushroom slices available for a single drying is compensated by a faster drying of the product.
Many believe, and not unreasonably, that the proper drying of mushrooms should be carried out exclusively in the sun. Under action sun rays raw materials are saturated with vitamin D and become an indispensable tool for replenishing a rare and so necessary substance for the body.
Many owners of a modern kitchen gadget will be interested in whether drying mushrooms in a slow cooker is possible. Most models of the device are not equipped with such a function and the product can be fried rather than dried. However, there are units that can perform such a task, but they cost an order of magnitude more expensive.
The following recommendations will help you figure out how to dry mushrooms for owners of an electric dryer. In the conditions of an apartment, this method of harvesting the product is perhaps the most priority and allows you to get the perfect result without hassle.
Drying is also possible. At one time, it will be possible to obtain a small amount of workpiece, but the duration of the process is much less compared to other methods.
Further on how to properly dry mushrooms in a Russian stove. This method has long been used by housewives for efficient harvesting of mushroom abundance, if weather conditions did not allow the product to dry naturally in the sun.
Having mastered the intricacies of such processing of mushroom mass and implementing one of available ways in practice, it remains to find out how long dried mushrooms are stored, and how to provide the proper conditions to preserve the valuable nutritional properties of the product, rich mushroom aroma and characteristic taste.
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