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What is the name of the mushroom that emits smoke. Raincoat mushroom. How to feed the whole family with one mushroom. Mushroom soup with puffballs

Wolf tobacco or puffball mushroom belongs to the most common mushrooms. Mycologists have calculated that about 60 species of raincoats grow on earth, of which about 20 species grow in our country. Among them are spherical (rounded), pear-shaped, prickly, sessile, golovachs, etc. The most common raincoats are round or pear-shaped and golovachs with a spherical head on a cylindrical leg (the head and leg make up a single fruiting body of the fungus). The pulp at a young age is white, with a pleasant smell, quite elastic, easily separated from the skin. The leg of the spherical and pear-shaped raincoat is not pronounced, it reaches a height of 5-12 cm with a thickness of 3-4 cm. Raincoats belong to category IV.

As it ages, the pulp of the puffball darkens and turns into a greenish-brown dust (spores), which is easily dispersed by wind or mechanical contact with the fungus. AT autumn time big raincoat can scatter up to several billion spores. Sometimes they are called "wolf tobacco", "grandfather's tobacco" or fluff.

These strange mushrooms can be eaten and palatability do not differ from white fungus, at the same time they are forest healers, and some of them are capable of being windsock mushrooms. Raincoats in the forest are like weather vanes for orientation in unfamiliar areas. On a typical day in the forest, without a compass, a lost mushroom picker or hunter can determine the direction with the help of a raincoat. Knowing the direction of the wind in a given area, even in the stillness of the forest air, shaking off the fruiting body of a dry raincoat, a person will accurately know the direction of an outwardly imperceptible wind. Interesting is the use of "smoking mushrooms", or puffballs, by North American turkeys and tribes of African spearmen for hunting. When approaching the beast - bison, rhinoceros, lions - even with complete calm, they were able to determine the inconspicuous draft of the air by the behavior of the spores of the raincoat and approached the beast from the side where he could not feel the approach of the hunter. Ancient tribes of hunters used a mass of spores of these mushrooms to blind the animal, which was then attacked.

AT old times raincoat spores were used as a hemostatic agent, called magic powder. To this end, barbers kept the skins of raincoats in jars. In dried form, the raincoat was used during medical operations in veterinary medicine: cut bloody veins and wounds were sprinkled on them, since it has a “compressive and drying” force. In the domestic literature it is indicated that it is enough to apply a white slurry from the pulp of a young kolobok or the inner shell of an old powder coat to the wound, when the “tobacco” has flown out of it, and the blood coagulates, the pain subsides. This hemostatic property of raincoats was previously widely used in partisan practice in the absence of other medicines.

Naturalists have determined that mature raincoats can also be successfully used in horticulture in the fight against aphids and other pests of trees and shrubs. To do this, it is enough to set fire to the dark green filling of a ripe raincoat and fumigate the garden with acrid smoke. After a week, the procedure must be repeated.

Among the raincoats, there are many species that have a peculiar shape of the fruiting body. So, the nest of a bird with testicles resembles the fruiting body of Nidularia. The rounded, large fruiting body of the golovach resembles a soccer ball, with rays like a star - the fruiting body of earthen stars, pear-shaped - of a pear-shaped raincoat. Bunny potatoes are called some round-shaped puffballs. Often in meadows, fields, pastures, in gardens, parks and forests, a raincoat-flask grows, which got its nickname for an oblong fruit body tapering downwards. In search of porcini mushrooms, mushroom pickers often bypass these edible mushrooms. It is no coincidence that A. Cheremnov mentions them in the lines of his poem:

“The distance is transparent. The air is fresh and clean
But the thoughtful blue is pale ...
From the sleepy swamp all around
It smells of pine needles, dampness and rot.
Raincoat, hurt by a boot,
Drenched with dry, green dust.

This fungus is found from May to late autumn in glades, meadows, along roads, in squares and lawns, settles on various soils and even on rotten wood. Appears after warm rains. It grows very quickly, "by leaps and bounds." Amateur mushroom pickers noticed that giant raincoats added up to 5 cm in diameter per day. And usually they are up to 20 cm in diameter and weigh 300-400 g.

In 1977 in Estonian Museum In nature, a raincoat weighing 11 kg 150 g was demonstrated, the diameter of its fruiting body was 188 cm. In 1967, a raincoat weighing 12.5 kg with a diameter of 63 cm was found in the Moscow region, and in 1984 on the banks of the Setunka River - with a diameter of 160 cm and a mass of 7.3 kg. Some mushroom pickers found families of giant raincoats. For example, in 1988, a group of 8 raincoats with a total weight of about 2 pounds was found near Kemerovo, and in 1984 near Narva and in 1989 in Tataria, groups of 6 mushrooms were found, among which the largest reached 4 kg.

When dried, the raincoats do not lose their whiteness, they are well stored in a dense plastic container, they are easily ground into powder, so they can be successfully used for making broths and sauces. In winter, this plain-looking gib with its gastronomic qualities can even compete with mushrooms.

When collecting, it must be borne in mind that more or less spherical mushrooms from the genus Pseudo-puffball also look like puffballs. True, at a young age, the latter are characterized by a very dense crusty shell, and not thin-film or soft-crusty, as in puffballs. Thus, it is very easy to distinguish them, and this must be done, since false puffballs are suspected of being able to cause poisoning, although minor, but still.

In a number of countries Western Europe raincoats are considered a delicacy and are equated with champignons. Italians consider young raincoats to be one of the most best mushrooms. When picking mushrooms in the forest, do not pass by the unfairly neglected, but very attractive and tasty mushrooms.

Mushroom puffball: useful information for beginner mushroom pickers.

grandfather's tobacco
wolf tobacco
gypsy powder
fluff
damn apple
hare potatoes and many others

They meet different sizes: with a pea, with an apple and even the size of a huge pumpkin. The nutritional components of the pulp are not inferior in their merits to the white fungus and are highly appreciated by connoisseurs. Just like porcini mushrooms, after heat treatment or drying, they remain beautiful white color. Their main advantage is considered to be healing qualities - the mushroom gleba, attached to the cut, relieves bleeding, disinfects and contributes to its instant scarring.

Puffball mushroom: edible or not, what does it look like?

One type of mushroom

The most common types edible raincoats to which this vernacular name may apply include:

Pear-shaped puffball (Lycoperdon pyriforme). It has a small size of about 5.5 cm in length and width. young body pear-shaped covered with a double shell, from which a small false leg extends with small streaks of light mycelium. outer layer white, slightly covered with cracks, scales or spikes. In an adult fungus, this layer cracks and the inner gray-brown or yellowish shell is exposed, covering the spores that seep through the holes at the top of the fruiting body after ripening.
Prickly puffball (Lycoperdon perlatum). It is showered with pronounced cone-shaped spikes. The color is snow-white or cream with a mesh pattern. Has an aromatic smell. Gleba is dense.
Langermannia giant (Langermannia gigantean). The huge size of the mushroom reaches 8 kg of weight. Covered with smooth, slightly flaky skin. As it matures, the color of the gleba changes from white to dirty green. The skin of mature mushrooms is similar to parchment paper. The pulp is crumbly, similar to homemade cheese.
Golovach oblong (Calvatia excipuliformis). It looks like an inflated bubble, pulled together at the bottom. It is covered with inconspicuous thin and delicate spikes, which makes it almost smooth in appearance. Gleba (pulp), in a newly appeared mushroom, is white, in an adult it is dark steel, sometimes almost black. The combination of a pronounced deficiency of pseudopods and needles, which are not inherent in raincoats, but are characteristic of false raincoats, gives reason for inexperienced mushroom pickers to confuse them with false individuals.

Raincoat mushroom false: what does it look like, can it be eaten?

Main differences

Puffball (Scleroderma citrinum) in Russia it is considered inedible or poisonous. In the West, it is recognized only as inedible, specifying that in the manufacture of sausages they replace truffles. Despite the possibility of using false puffball as a spicy seasoning for meat dishes, with the use of a large number of mushrooms, a health hazard is likely to occur.

This species is not difficult to distinguish from edible mushrooms. In young pseudo-puffballs, in contrast to genuine ones, the fruiting body is smooth, has a whitish, whitish-gray or icteric color. Further, as it grows, it acquires stains in the form of cracks, growths or scales of a dark ocher color. The ripe mushroom bursts, but the spores do not spill out, but accumulate in the depths of the cracked cavity.

Important: The main difference between the false puffball and the edible bigheads is expressed in the possession of a hard skin and a lilac-brown shade of aging flesh, with a rich unpleasant aroma.

Scleroderma citrinum often grows in clusters.
To prevent the false raincoat from getting into the basket of an inexperienced amateur mushroom hunting, it is necessary to incise the fungus and check its suitability by the presence of snow-white gleba and the absence of a sharp spirit of rotten raw potatoes.

Video: False raincoat (Scleroderma aurantiacum) - description.

Raincoat mushroom: medicinal properties

Mushroom spore treatment finds its use in classical and home treatments.
Mushroom gleba contains elements of calvacin, which have antibacterial and anti-cancer properties.

Means made on the basis of mushroom pulp are actively removed from the body:

radionuclides
heavy metals
toxic fluorine and chlorine compounds
toxins, as a result of infection with helminths or hepatitis, dysbacteriosis, severe inflammation of the kidneys

Mushroom chaff compresses are an excellent remedy for the treatment and pain relief of deep cuts and malignant wounds resulting from cancer.

Infusions and broths from young flies are used:

to lower the temperature
in order to relieve inflammatory processes: with chronic tonsillitis, throat bumps, with severe ailments in the kidneys
to slow the growth of malignant tumors and the progression of leukemia
to reduce blood viscosity
at high pressure, angina pectoris
for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases
to strengthen immunity

Pharmacy products made on the basis of mushroom mycelium help with problems:

in lymph nodes and sarcoidosis
with endocrine processes: goiter formation, diabetes, adrenal dysfunction
with respiratory system: tuberculosis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma

What can be cooked from raincoat mushroom: recipes

Porkhovik with potatoes in sour cream sauce

Products:

Mushroom harvest - 1 kg
Fresh potato tubers - 0.5 kg
Onion - 1 head
Cream or sour cream - 250 g
Sunflower oil - 1/2 tbsp.
Young sprigs of dill - 5-6 pcs.
Salt - to taste

Cooking:

We release the heads from the prickly skin, wash
Boil in salted water for 5-7 minutes
Then rinse in a colander under running water. cold water, let it drain a little
Put in a hot pan, keep on medium heat, until all the moisture has evaporated
Add oil, add heat, fry with constant stirring
Mushrooms are considered ready when they begin to crackle in a pan.
To the finished mushrooms, add the potatoes cut into thin slices, salt
Fry until half cooked, sprinkle with finely chopped onion
We continue to cook the dish until the potatoes are fully cooked.
5 minutes before readiness, pour sour cream, flavor with chopped dill, cover with a lid
Turn off the stove, keep under the lid for another 10 minutes

Roast with mushrooms and potatoes

mushroom schnitzel

Products:

Giant golovach - 0.7 kg
Fatty milk - 0.6 l
Flour - 90 g
Fresh egg - 1 pc.
Sunflower oil - 3 tbsp.

Cooking steps:

Mushrooms are washed, cut into plates of medium thickness
Blot excess moisture with a paper towel
Sift flour into a bowl
In the center we make a hole, into which we pour a little salt and break the egg, stir
The resulting mass is diluted with milk to the consistency of thick sour cream.
Dip mushroom plastics in batter, fry on both sides in heated vegetable oil

Golovach in batter

Mushroom soup with raincoats

Ingredients:

Young fluffs - 7 pcs.
Potatoes - 3 pcs.
Onion - 1 head
Small carrot - 1 pc.
Butter - 50 g
Bay leaf - 2 pcs.
Ground black pepper, salt - depending on preferences

Cooking like this:

Raincoats are cleaned of prickly skin and forest debris, washed, cut into cubes
Pour 1.5 liters into the pan. cold water, pour mushrooms there
Boil for 10-15 minutes, periodically remove the foam
We peel the potatoes, chop into even cubes, fall asleep in the broth with mushrooms
Cook until potatoes are half cooked
Cut carrots and onions into small squares, sauté butter put in soup
Salt, cook until the potatoes are ready
Serve with sour cream

Soup with powder

Fried eggs with raincoats in Hungarian

Ingredients:

Green onions with small heads - 3 pcs.
Mushrooms - 0.4 kg
Fresh eggs - 5 pcs.
Grated cheese - 90 g
Butter - 50 g
Cream - 1/2 tbsp.
Parsley, salt and ground sweet red pepper - to taste

Technological process:

Mushrooms washed, cut into slices
Then boil in a hot pan until the juice is completely evaporated.
Next, add 1 tbsp. oil, add chopped onion, fry a little
Remove the pan from the stove, pour the cream into the mushrooms, mix
We shift the onion-mushroom mass to a baking sheet with high sides.
We make 5 holes in it, break an egg into each
Salt, sprinkle with grated cheese and parsley
Bake for 10-15 minutes

Hungarian dish with heads

Italian raincoat roast

For cooking you will need:

Grandfather's tobacco - 1 kg
Onion - 2 heads
Cream 15% - 1.5 tbsp.
Butter - 100 g
Salt, pepper - to taste

The main stages of the process:

Cut the head of the vegetable into half rings
We free raincoats from the top skin, cut into pieces
In cow's oil, first fry the onion half rings, then add the mushrooms
When the secreted mushroom juice has evaporated by half, add a thin stream of cream
After boiling, add spices and salt, simmer over low heat for 15 minutes
Before serving, sprinkle with lemon juice, sprinkle with herbs

Italian mushroom delicacy

Video: Raincoat (mushroom) fried with garlic

How much to cook puffball mushroom?

A young crop can be cooked without pre-boiling
Adult raincoats, before frying, boil for 6-7 minutes
When using boiled mushrooms, for full readiness, cook for at least 15 minutes

Raincoat mushroom: how to cook for the winter?

1 option

We clean the fresh mushroom crop from litter
Without washing, cut across
Lay out on a baking sheet in a single layer.
Dry in the sun (in hot weather) or in an oven, as follows:

First, set the temperature to 50 ° C
After 1-2 hours, we increase the degrees to 70-80 ° C
Then lower to 55 ° C, hold for about 2 hours
Do not forget to periodically mix the blanks and take out dry mushrooms

Important: When white drops (protein substances) appear on the mushrooms, reduce the temperature, remove the baking sheet from the oven. After the temperature drops, we send raincoats for further drying. Otherwise, the workpiece will take on a black, unsightly appearance.

Dried golovach

Option 2

Preparing in advance:

Raincoats - 1 kg
Salt - 1.5-2 tbsp. l.
Vinegar 6% and water - 1/2 tbsp.
Sugar - 1 tsp
Black pepper - 6 peas
Carnation - 2 stars
Bay leaf - 2 pcs.

Let's move on to the preparation process:

Mushrooms are cleaned, sorted
Pour the marinade into an enameled pan, put the mushrooms, bring to a boil
Cook stirring for 15-20 minutes
When cooked, mushrooms secrete juice and everything is covered with liquid.
Remove foam with a slotted spoon
Ready mushrooms sink to the bottom, the marinade becomes transparent
Next, put the mushrooms tightly in jars, pour sunflower oil
Close with plastic lids

Pickled puffball

Video: Drying raincoats. Rules for quality processing.

Mushroom raincoat: why people call hare potatoes: interesting information

Most often, this is what I call young mushrooms. When they appear above the ground, they are shaped like young potatoes.

So, based on the foregoing, it becomes clear that there are a lot of benefits from a raincoat, and in vain some mushroom pickers underestimate it.

Video: Raincoats - delicious mushrooms. Where do they grow and how to collect?

As it ages, the pulp of the puffball darkens and turns into a greenish-brown dust (spores), which is easily dispersed by wind or mechanical contact with the fungus. In autumn, a large raincoat can scatter up to several billion spores. Sometimes they are called "wolf tobacco", "grandfather's tobacco" or fluff.

These strange mushrooms can be eaten and do not differ in taste from the porcini mushroom, at the same time they are forest healers, and some of them are capable of being windsock mushrooms. Raincoats in the forest are like weather vanes for orientation in unfamiliar areas. On a typical day in the forest, without a compass, a lost mushroom picker or hunter can determine the direction with the help of a raincoat. Knowing the direction of the wind in a given area, even in the stillness of the forest air, shaking off the fruiting body of a dry raincoat, a person will accurately know the direction of an outwardly imperceptible wind. Interesting is the use of "smoking mushrooms", or puffballs, by North American turkeys and tribes of African spearmen for hunting. When approaching the beast - bison, rhinoceros, lions - even with complete calm, they were able to determine the inconspicuous draft of the air by the behavior of the spores of the raincoat and approached the beast from the side where he could not feel the approach of the hunter. Ancient tribes of hunters used a mass of spores of these mushrooms to blind the animal, which was then attacked.

In ancient times, raincoat spores were used as a hemostatic agent, called magic powder. To this end, barbers kept the skins of raincoats in jars. In dried form, the raincoat was used during medical operations in veterinary medicine: cut bloody veins and wounds were sprinkled on them, since it has a “compressive and drying” force. In the domestic literature it is indicated that it is enough to apply a white slurry from the pulp of a young kolobok or the inner shell of an old powder coat to the wound, when the “tobacco” has flown out of it, and the blood coagulates, the pain subsides. This hemostatic property of raincoats was previously widely used in partisan practice in the absence of other medicines.

In 1977, a raincoat weighing 11 kg 150 g was demonstrated at the Estonian Museum of Nature, the diameter of its fruiting body was 188 cm. kg. In 1967, a raincoat weighing 12.5 kg with a diameter of 63 cm was found in the Moscow region, and in 1984 on the banks of the Setunka River - with a diameter of 160 cm and a mass of 7.3 kg. Some mushroom pickers found families of giant raincoats. For example, in 1988, a group of 8 raincoats with a total weight of about 2 pounds was found near Kemerovo, and in 1984 near Narva and in 1989 in Tataria, groups of 6 mushrooms were found, among which the largest reached 4 kg.

In a number of Western European countries, raincoats are considered a delicacy and equated with champignons. Italians consider young raincoats to be one of the best mushrooms. When picking mushrooms in the forest, do not pass by the unfairly neglected, but very attractive and tasty mushrooms.

Many mushrooms of the family Rainwear (Lycoperdales) are often collectively referred to as "raincoats", although among them there are not only raincoats ( Lycoperdon), but also fluff (powder, Bovista), golovach (Calvatia) and some other types. Any mushroom picker has seen a variety of raincoats many times: with a smooth surface and with growths, warts and needles. These mushrooms also differ in the shape of the fruiting body: spherical, pear-shaped, egg-shaped, etc. White balls of some mushrooms lie on the ground, others rise on a false leg.

Raincoats grow in forests and parks, appear in the steppes, agricultural fields, pastures and manicured lawns. If you trample on a ripe mushroom, it will release "smoke" with spores.

Mushroom pickers often trample on raincoats to release a cloud of "smoke"

There are several folk names raincoats: "grandfather's gunpowder", "duster", "wolf tobacco", "damn tobacco", "hare potato", "mushroom-egg" and "forest egg".

Variety of species

Even an experienced mushroom picker is not always oriented in complex taxonomy. This applies to many mushrooms, including raincoats.

At first you call all mushrooms “wolf tobacco”, then, having learned that these are raincoats, you will call them raincoats, and then you will figure out that raincoats are different: just a raincoat, prickly raincoat, pear-shaped raincoat, needle-shaped raincoat, blackish powder, round golovach, golovach oblong. (V.A. Soloukhin).

Raincoats, porkhovka and golovach belong to the group Gasteromycetes (« nutrevikov”), because their fruiting bodies remain intact until the spores mature. Then the shell breaks, which leads to the release of "smoke" with spores. These mushrooms are saprophytes, because They need decayed organic matter for food.

Let's bring short description several mushrooms, which we call "puffballs". All of them are very tasty. They are harvested young while their fruiting bodies are firm and filled with white pulp.

Raincoat prickly (Lycoperdon perlatum) is covered with clearly visible conical needles. If the white or cream skin is peeled off, then a more or less noticeable mesh pattern will remain on it. The smell of the mushroom is pleasant. This type of raincoat can be safely put in the basket while the mushroom is young and strong, and its flesh is white and elastic. The fungus often grows in groups.

Raincoat pearl (Lycoperdon perlatum) prefers manured pastures, although it is also found in forests. The pearl raincoat grows (usually in waves) from May to mid-November. This fungus has a white, pear-shaped fruiting body that turns yellow as it matures, then becoming grey-brown. Old mushrooms are filled inside with spore powder. Peel with small growths or non-spiny spines, which are sometimes only in the upper part.

It is very beautiful and delicious mushroom(photo from Wikipedia)

Golovach oblong (Calvatia excipuliformis) in some reference books is called a variety of prickly raincoat. However, the bighead is taller, its spines are softer and thinner, it is edible at a young age. Sometimes the fungus resembles a bubble in shape, which was inflated with air and pulled down from below (the golovach is bag-shaped, or bubble-shaped). These mushrooms often grow in pastures.

amazing appearance raincoat gigantic, or Langermanns gigantic (Langermannia gigantean). In some publications, he is ranked among the golovachs. This is a huge mushroom. It grows in forests (deciduous and mixed), meadows, fields and pastures. More likely to find it from the end of summer (August - October). The huge "soccer ball" can weigh up to 8 kg and is 40 cm across. Separate specimens-record holders are known, which weighed almost 20 kg and had a fruiting body diameter of 30 cm !!! More likely to find a giant raincoat the size of an average head of cabbage.

The skin of this raincoat can be either smooth or slightly flaky. As it grows, the color of the flesh changes from white (or slightly yellowish) to greenish-brown, then to dirty brown. In old mushrooms, the skin dries up and resembles parchment. The edible pulp is often friable, reminiscent of homemade cheeses in texture. As the fungus grows, it becomes lighter, noticeably loses weight. The giant raincoat mycelium is durable, can live up to 25 years.

Raincoat pear-shaped (Lycoperdon pyriforme) refers to small species (up to a maximum of 5 cm tall). It often grows on rotting wood, tree trunks and stumps. The shape of the fruit body is pear-shaped, resembling a white ball narrowed downwards, which has a short false leg with rare light threads of mycelium. This delicious mushroom is fried and boiled (in soups) unless it is overripe. The degree of maturity can often be determined not in the forest, but in the kitchen, because. when ripe, the mushroom does not always quickly change the color of the skin.

Puffball (Scleroderma)

False raincoat (scleroderma) should not be collected. In most books Soviet period This mushroom is considered inedible or poisonous. Western authors call it only inedible, specifying that cooks sometimes add pulp to sausages instead of truffles. They all warn that the false puffball can be a health hazard if eaten in in large numbers.

I have not tried this mushroom, so I can only refer to the opinions of reputable mushroom experts. I take them verbatim.

The false puffball that is used to scare us in all books about mushrooms is not poisonous at all, even when raw. It is simply tasteless, and according to the rules it should be attributed to inedible mushrooms. Moreover, the young false puffball (when the flesh is white on the cut) has a sharp spicy taste and can serve as a spicy seasoning for meat and poultry dishes. This is how it is used in Europe, especially in Slavic countries.
The final inedibility of the false puffball comes from the moment when its flesh ceases to be pure white on the cut. (M. Vishnevsky).
I remind you once again: false raincoats are poisonous, however, only if you eat them in large quantities. In the Czech guide to mushrooms, J. Klan says that “for the sake of a strong spicy taste, young mushrooms are used instead of roots in the preparation of soups and sauces.” These are truly inscrutable human whims! Sacrificing your stomach health for an exotic taste? (M. Sergeeva).

We conclude: the degree of poisoning with false puffballs depends, first of all, on the amount of mushrooms eaten.

False raincoats are easy to distinguish from edible species. At false raincoats usually warty-scaly dense skin of a yellowish-ocher color, which may have small cracks. In older mushrooms, the skin dries out, ruptures and no longer holds the spores that are under it.

False raincoats often grow in nests (photo from Wikipedia)

The color of the pulp in young mushrooms, according to the writings of most authors, is yellowish or light olive even at a young age. On it, a marble pattern with white streaks is noticeable. central part the raincoat darkens as it grows, becoming first gray-violet, then almost black. The pulp of even adult puffballs retains its density. Everyone notes an unpleasant pungent odor.

For mushroom pickers who have not collected raincoats before, it is better not to take risks and not collect mushrooms with elongated false legs growing in nests. For safety reasons, it is better not to take raincoats with a clearly yellow or brown skin. Especially when it is covered with coarse growths and has noticeable cracks. The bad smell should also stop.

Which raincoats are the best?

Edible puffballs are eaten while they are young. They then have a tasty dense white pulp that is under the skin (smooth or with growths). In an adult mushroom, the flesh changes its quality and color. It becomes looser, often sticky, gray or greenish-yellow. Old mushrooms are filled with spores. The shell of their fruiting body thins, dries and is easily broken. Then the fungus becomes dusty, releases a cloud of spores and settles to the ground. It is worth saying that raincoats grow up quickly.

As you know, a young raincoat is hard and strong to the touch, and on the cut it is white as sour cream. At this time, you can, without hesitation, put it in a pan. The roast will be fragrant with an excellent mushroom aroma. With age, the pulp of the raincoat begins to turn slightly yellow, becomes watery, pressed with a finger, does not spring, does not try to straighten up. At this stage, raincoats should no longer be taken. (V.A. Soloukhin).

A ripe raincoat will seem appetizing to few

How to make a raincoat

Raincoats are a great addition to any mushroom mix. Prepared separately, raincoats will not appeal to everyone (due to the specific taste). Another thing - giant raincoat. One such mushroom can serve as an occasion for a separate party! (A. Schwab).

I love this mushroom. True, I take only smooth young white “balls”. A frying pan of fried puffballs is a delicious and satisfying meal. To taste, this mushroom is a bit like something between mushrooms, scrambled eggs and ... chicken meat. The taste of protein is enhanced if the raincoat is fried with butter or ghee.

I like not boiled raincoats, but fried ones. They can be cut into pieces, slices or circles and put in a pan with oil. Sometimes, before frying, large slices up to 2 cm thick are rolled in flour or breadcrumbs. They can be salted and even pepper before this. Tasty and whole balls fried in oil. First, fry on one side until a beautiful golden brown, then turn over or roll to the other side. It takes a little time for this. Especially if you fry the mushroom in a frying pan under the lid.

It is worth saying that almost all raincoats have a skin that resembles either a skin or an eggshell. It's better to take it off.

V.A. Soloukhin described in detail the condition of a man who always considered all raincoats toadstools:

I remember with what embarrassment I brought home the first raincoats, how my wife refused to fry them, with what interest I tried them for the first time. And now this is for me the most common edible and tasty mushroom, of course, when there is no oil, chanterelles or aspen in the forest. But even when they are, it’s nice to add strong young raincoats to the pan for a bouquet.

Once again, we will appreciate the culinary merits of a giant raincoat, while its flesh is pure white color. During this period, the fungus competes with the noble mushrooms themselves. The “ball” is peeled and fried, soup is boiled from it and dried. Other raincoats are also suitable for drying, even pearl ones.

V.A. Soloukhin quotes one of his readers, who not only describes how raincoats are made, but also compares how they are processed:

I love raincoats. In fried form, right, they are slightly inferior to white ones. To make the dish more tender, it is better to remove the rough shell from some of them. The golovach is oblong - carefully crushed in your hands, and the shell cracks and comes off, like a shell from a hard-boiled egg. This is best done under a tap. In some globular raincoats, the shell is removed, like the peel from an orange. The best - prickly - does not cause any worries at all: cut it into a frying pan. I successfully dry them. Crushed into a powder, you can make an excellent soup out of them.

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A lot of mushroom pickers undeservedly bypass these mushrooms, and completely in vain. Young raincoats are very tasty and healthy mushrooms. And most often they are among the first to appear in the spring forest, so for lovers of just such gifts, the forests will be a pleasant variety in the diet after a long winter, when dishes from fresh mushrooms collected in the forest are still a rarity on the table.

Raincoats belong to the mushroom family. The fruiting bodies of these fungi different types have a rounded pear-shaped shape, most often white. Many of them have a pronounced false foot, and their sizes can be medium or large (like giant puffballs).

In young mushrooms, the entire cap is covered with small growths, similar to thorns, which fall off over time. The spores of this species of fungus ripen inside the fruiting body, when they ripen, a hole opens at the top of the fruiting body, through which the spores spread around the fungus. The color of mature spores can be from green with an olive tint to brown.

Popular names for this type of fungus:

bee sponge;
rabbit potato.

And raincoats, in which spores are fully ripe in the fruiting body, are called:

fluff;
pyrkhovka;
duster;
grandfather tobacco;
wolf tobacco;
tobacco fungus, etc.

Raincoats belong to the mushroom family

Edible types of raincoat

Raincoats include the following common groups of fungi:

true raincoats;
bigheads;
fluff.

Typical raincoats are small (5-6 cm in height, 2.5-3 cm in radius). Their fruiting bodies are closed, in young individuals they are covered with a double membrane. The outer layer of the shell of the fruiting body may be covered with cracks, small scales or spines. As the fungus ages, the outer layer falls off, exposing the inner - brown or ocher - layer, which covers the ripening ones.

Gallery: raincoat mushrooms (25 photos)

Where raincoats grow (video)

Raincoats meadow, pear-shaped and pearl

All of the above types of true puffballs are the most common category 4 mushrooms in the central regions and middle lane our country. They are very similar to each other, and the pearl species is also called real, or edible. It is covered with large thorns, which makes it look like goblin mushrooms.

Golovachi

Mushrooms of this genus are similar to raincoats, some mushroom pickers often confuse them. The main differences between golovaches and raincoats:

larger sizes (at least 7 cm in height and 3.5 cm in radius);
the fruiting body of these mushrooms, after the spores ripen, is torn much more strongly than that of ordinary raincoats.

Otherwise, they look about the same as raincoats. The most common species of golovach are described below.

Golovachi

Golovach baggy

Popular names for this variety of raincoat:

Golovach is vesiculate;
The golovach is rounded;
The golovach is bag-shaped;
Raincoat hare;
The golovach is belly-shaped.

fruiting body such a bighead can be in diameter from 10 to 20 cm, rounded, slightly flattened from above, fine-grained inside, tapering downwards. Young golovachs of light milky color, growing up, become brown with gray tint. Cracks pass through the fruiting body of an adult golovache, and tubercles similar to warts will appear. Old mushrooms in the upper part open up, becoming like bowls with torn parts.

This mushroom belongs to the 4th category; only young golovachs are used for food.

Golovach baggy

Golovach oblong (elongated raincoat)

Synonyms - golovach marsupial. This species has a fruiting body of a peculiar shape - pin-shaped or club-like. The pseudopod is elongated, the top looks like a half of a ball. The height of the fruiting body, together with the pseudopod, is from 8 to 14 cm, in rainy and warm weather may grow even more. The thickness of the upper part of the pseudopod is about 4 cm, and the lower part is about 6-7 cm. But different sources indicate different values of these indicators.

Young mushrooms are white in color, which eventually turns yellow and then brown. Spikes are located on the entire surface of the fruiting body. The flesh of young mushrooms is white, turns yellow over time, fades, then turns brown. The upper spherical part of the fruiting body opens, and a brown spore powder falls out. The young oblong golovach is quite edible.

Golovach oblong (elongated raincoat)

Golovach giant

This mushroom is the largest among all varieties of golovach. Some of its specimens can grow in height up to 0.5 m, and weight reaches 18-20 kg. It is this representative of the golovachi genus that is considered the most delicious of all representatives of the genus. But, unfortunately, giant gobies always grow alone, and do not appear in one place, and this is considered their main drawback.

How to collect raincoats (video)

Poison False Raincoats

But in the family under consideration there are also inedible species, some of which are also slightly poisonous.

False puffball warty

This mushroom belongs to the category of inedible mushrooms from the genus Sclerodermaaceae. Usually grows in "families" in deciduous forests and groves (especially on edges or forest clearings), found in meadows in the grass and on roadsides. Growth period - from the first decade of August to mid-October. The fruit body is 3–5 cm in diameter, tuberous in shape, the color of the outer shell is brownish. The outer shell is leathery, corky, leathery.

False puffball warty

False raincoat ordinary

The fruit body of this fungus is tuberous in shape, 5–6 cm in diameter, the shell can be smooth or covered with small scales. The color of this raincoat is dirty yellow. When the shell cracks, small warts appear.

Medicinal properties of puffball mushroom

Not all mushroom pickers know that raincoats have unique healing properties. They are able to stop bleeding, and also have a healing effect. In the case of a severe cut, you can simply break this freshly picked mushroom and apply the pulp to the wound - the blood will stop very quickly. Similarly, it can be used to treat other skin diseases:

severe burns;
poorly healing purulent wounds;
acne;
hives, etc.

Raincoats have unique healing properties

Decoctions are prepared from mushrooms, which are used to treat inflammatory processes in the upper respiratory tract:

bronchitis;
tuberculosis;
laryngitis.

Giant golovach has the ability to prevent the growth of malignant cells, therefore, on the basis of this fungus, the medicine calvacin was made, which helps in the fight against malignant tumors in different parts human body.

To this useful mushroom was always at hand, it is harvested and for future use (pickled, dried).

raincoat habitats

Varieties of raincoats can grow in different places. The baggy golovach usually occurs from the last ten days of May to mid-September in open sunny places - forest edges or clearings, in shallow ravines, in pastures. Most often grows singly.

The elongated raincoat appears in the forests, on the edges or forest clearings from the second decade of July. The last mushrooms of this species are found in mid-October.

How to cook raincoat mushrooms (video)

Raincoat Mushroom Cooking Options

Only young mushrooms should be used for cooking. They can be fried, stewed, cooked first courses.

Stuffed zucchini

Peel young zucchini, cut into rings 2.5-3 cm thick. Remove the middle (together with seeds), boil in salted water until half cooked, put in a colander to drain the water. Then roll in flour and fry sunflower oil. Pass young mushrooms through a meat grinder along with onions and fry in sunflower oil. Fill zucchini with minced mushrooms.

Vermicelli casserole

Vermicelli is boiled in salt water, thrown into a colander. Raincoats are finely chopped, fried in butter until tender. Then the fried mushrooms are mixed with vermicelli and raw eggs, spread in a form greased with oil and sprinkled with crushed breadcrumbs and put in an oven heated to 170 - 180 degrees for 1/3 hour. Pepper is added to this dish to taste.

Although raincoats belong to category 4, you can cook a lot of delicious and tasty treats from them. healthy meals. Fried young mushrooms are especially tasty.