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The raincoat is edible. Raincoat mushrooms: characteristics of species and medicinal properties Is cuckoo tobacco mushroom poisonous

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Raincoat real - a genus of mushrooms of the family Champignon(previously belonged to the family raincoat).

Grows in the forests central Russia mostly at the end of summer. Spore powder olive green to various shades Brown.

The raincoat has a lot folk names. Usually, the raincoat itself is called young dense mushrooms, which have not yet formed a powdery mass of spores (“dust”). Also called a bee sponge, a hare potato, and a ripened mushroom - a fluff, a pyrkhovka, a pulverizer, grandfather's tobacco, wolf tobacco, a tobacco mushroom, a devil's tavlinka, and so on. Raincoats and puffballs (with the exception of the ordinary false raincoat) are edible until they lose their whiteness.

Calorie raincoats

The calorie content of raincoats is 27 kcal per 100 grams of product.

Useful properties and harm of raincoats

The raincoat mushroom, like a panicle, removes all toxins and toxins from the body, the fungus cell, when it enters the food tract, collects atoms of heavy metals and compounds, which is why it is useful to use them for people living in areas of high radiation.

In terms of its nutritional properties, the raincoat is not inferior to the mushroom. Back in the 18th century, soup was cooked from a raincoat, which helped patients with tuberculosis, while it was considered healthier. Their healing properties raincoat mushroom also does not lose during drying and the taste remains intact.

Raincoats do not bring harm to mushrooms, since they do not have poisonous analogues, but if they are collected near roads, the risk of poisoning increases, since raincoats also absorb toxic substances and radionuclides.

Raincoats are divided into several subspecies:

Raincoat prickly, which is quite common in forests, heaths and grasslands. It got its name because of the white surface of the mushroom, which is covered with easily falling off small spines or warts.
Raincoat giant- has a spherical or ovoid shape, yellowish-gray or whitish color. Often such a mushroom is covered with tatters of a falling shell, and its weight can reach seven kilograms.
Raincoat-head- round, the height of which is from 10 to 15 centimeters. At first, the mushroom is distinguished by a white color, after which it begins to turn yellow, eventually becoming dirty brown.
Raincoat oblong- which resembles a golovach raincoat, but in shape it is club-shaped with a thickening in the upper part, and narrowed and barren in the lower part.

Raincoats in cooking

Puffball is an edible, tasty mushroom, preferred for soup. Before cooking, it is recommended to clean the fruiting bodies, as the skin of the raincoat is tough.

You can’t collect raincoats in wet weather - after a few hours, instead of a mushroom, there will be something like a wet rag, which, of course, is not good for food. In cooking, only young mushrooms are used, which do not need to be soaked or boiled - they are immediately boiled, dried, pickled, fried and salted.

So, we begin to study the raincoat mushroom: a photo and a description of the culture will help to understand all the variety of its species:

The giant puffball mushroom is edible at a young age.

Langermannia gigantea- the largest raincoat with a smooth surface. Fruit bodies up to 50 cm in diameter, weighing up to 20 kg. AT early age round white with a velvety-felt shell with white flesh. Later, their shell becomes leathery and durable, but remains almost white and smooth. At the end of the development of the fruiting body, the shell cracks and begins to peel off in layers, exposing an ocher or umber-brown layer of pulp, resembling cotton wool in consistency. When touched or under the influence of wind, the layer of pulp "smoke" with spores. At the same time, the internal parts of the pulp do not disintegrate into powder and remain in the form of an ocher "cotton" ball, which is not washed away by rain, and emits spores in dry weather.

Look at the photo, how it looks like its development and growth:

Puffball mushroom in different stages
Puffball mushroom in different stages

Grows on soils rich in nitrogen, in gardens, in bird cherry bushes and in deciduous forests.

Old fruiting bodies remain intact until mid-summer of the following year. The mushroom is rare.

Has no poisonous twins.

The mushroom is suitable for frying.

Bear mushroom pear-shaped raincoat in the photo

Bear mushroom pear-shaped puffball is edible at a young age. Fruiting bodies up to 1-3 cm in diameter, 2-5 cm tall, pear-shaped. Extended top part at the bottom it tapers into a sterile (spore-free) stalk. The surface is smooth or finely warty. At an early age, white with white flesh, later with a brownish tinge. The flesh is white at first, then olive or umber brown. Numerous white strands of mycelium grow from the lower sterile leg. After maturation of the spores, a hole is formed, from which the fungus releases spores in the form of "smoke".

Occurs from July to October.

Grows in pine and spruce forests on tree trunks, on or near stumps on rotting wood.

Many mushroom pickers are wondering if the raincoat mushroom is false and dangerous to human life and health. We answer: toxic doppelgangers does not have.

The raincoat is real in the photo

Raincoat pearl in the photo

A real raincoat, or a pearl one, is edible at a young age. Fruiting bodies up to 2-5 cm in diameter, 3-9 cm tall, pear-shaped. The expanded upper part tapers at the bottom into a sterile (spore-free) stem. Lycoperdon perlatum are covered with large conical spines, around which are small spines. The thorns easily fall off the fruiting body when touched by hand and on their own. After the spikes fall off, numerous areas remain on the surface, forming a mesh pattern. At an early age, white with white flesh, later turning yellow, finally gray-brown, powdery inside. After the spores mature, the fungus bursts and releases the spores in the form of "smoke". It looks like a pear-shaped raincoat, but it is without thorns, with smooth or warty fruiting bodies.

Grows in pine and spruce forests on forest floor of needles, in fields, in grassy clearings and on rotting wood.

Occurs from July to October.

Mushrooms puffballs large: bag-shaped and elongated

Consider other large raincoat mushrooms, find out which ones are suitable for eating.

Raincoat (golovach) bag-shaped (Calvatia utriformis) edible at a young age. Large raincoat. Its surface cracks into numerous, almost hexagonal cells. Fruit bodies up to 16 cm in diameter. At an early age - round white with a velvety-felt shell with white flesh. Later they become flattened gray-ochre, with a shell mottled with small protruding "hexagons". The white inner mass, as the spores mature, first becomes olive, then chocolate brown. At the end of the development of the fruit body, the shell becomes gray-ochre, cracks in the upper part, exposing the spore powder of olive-brown color.

It grows in pastures, meadows, former cattle pens, sometimes in forests in a clearing.

Occurs from July to October.

Has no poisonous twins.

Raincoat (golovach) elongated (Calvatia excipuliformis) edible at a young age. Fruit bodies up to 3-8 cm in diameter, 5-15 cm tall, club-shaped or pistillate. At an early age, white with white flesh, with a fine-grained or finely spiny surface. Later they become ocher and finally tobacco brown. Below is the sterile part in the form of a leg. The flesh is first white, then yellow-brown, then dark brown. At the end of the development of the fruiting body, the shell becomes tobacco-brown, cracking at the top, exposing the spore powder of an olive-brown color.

Grows in pine and spruce forests on forest floor of needles, in deciduous forests, in gardens and parks.

Occurs from July to October.

poisonous and inedible twins does not have.

Systematics:

Division: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
Subclass: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
Order: Agaricales (Agaric or Lamellar)
Family: Agaricaceae (Champignon)
Genus: Lycoperdon (Raincoat)
View: Lycoperdon perlatum (Edible puffball)

Other names for mushroom:

Synonyms:

Raincoat real
Raincoat prickly
Raincoat pearl

Usually actually raincoat called young dense mushrooms that have not yet formed a powdery mass of spores (“dust”). They are also called: bee sponge, rabbit potato, and a ripe mushroom - fluff, pyrkhovka, duster, grandfather's tobacco, wolf tobacco, tobacco mushroom, damn tavlinka and so on.

fruiting body:
The fruiting body is pear-shaped or club-shaped. The fruit spherical part in diameter ranges from 20 to 50 mm. Lower cylindrical part, sterile, 20 to 60 mm high and 12 to 22 mm thick. In a young fungus, the fruiting body is spiny-warty, white. In mature mushrooms, it becomes brown, buffy and naked. In young fruiting bodies, Gleba is elastic and white. Raincoat from cap mushrooms differs in a spherical fruiting body.

The fruiting body is covered with a two-layer shell. Outside, the shell is smooth, inside - leathery. The surface of the fruiting body of a real raincoat is covered with small spikes, which distinguishes the mushroom from those that have the same at a young age white color like the mushroom itself. The spikes are very easy to separate at the slightest touch.

After drying and maturation of the fruiting body, Gleb white color turns into an olive-brown spore powder. The powder comes out through the hole formed in the top of the spherical part of the fungus.

Leg:
An edible raincoat can be with or without a barely noticeable leg.

Pulp:
in young raincoats, the body is loose, white. Young mushrooms are suitable for consumption. Mature mushrooms have a powdery body, brown in color. Mushroom pickers call mature raincoats - "damn tobacco." Old raincoats are not used for food.

Disputes:
warty, spherical, light olive-brown.

Spreading:
Edible puffball is found in coniferous and deciduous forests from June to November.

Edibility:
A little-known edible delicious mushroom. Raincoats and dust jacketsedible until they lose their whiteness. Young fruiting bodies are used for food, Gleb of which is elastic and white. It is best to fry this mushroom, pre-cut into slices.

Similarity:
The edible raincoat outwardly resembles, which has the same pear-shaped and club-shaped fruiting body. But, unlike a real raincoat, a hole does not form on its top, but the entire upper part disintegrates, after disintegration only a sterile leg remains. And all other signs are very similar, Gleba is also dense and white at first. With age, Gleba turns into a dark brown spore powder. Golovach is prepared in the same way as a raincoat.

Notes:
These mushrooms are familiar to everyone, but almost no one collects them. When you knock down white balls, brown clouds of smoke rise up - the spores of these mushrooms scatter. This species was called a raincoat because very often it grows precisely after the rains. Until the raincoats inside turn green, this delicious mushrooms. Italians consider this species to be the most delicious of mushrooms. But, when Gleba acquires a greenish color, the mushroom becomes cottony and tasteless, but not poisonous. So harvested mushrooms you can not store for a long time, they even plucked very quickly turn green.

Raincoat real from the Latin "Lycoperdon" in translation means "raincoat mushroom" from the Champignon family. Mushrooms got their name because of the rapid appearance after the rains. The mushroom has two stages of development - it is a young mushroom, which is characterized by young dense and white flesh suitable for eating. These are popularly called hare potatoes and bee sponges. The second mature stage is a powdery mass in the form of brown dust, not suitable for consumption. At this time, mushrooms are popularly called grandfather's tobacco, tobacco mushroom, dust or fluff.

Leg and hat are missing. The body is edible, has an oval or rounded shape. The size of the fungus can be different - from a pea of 1.5 cm to 24 cm. The formation of fruits continues from May to November. Raincoats grow in groups or heaps in deciduous and coniferous forests Central Russia, in the fields, meadows, pastures. Smell and taste of mushroom.

Procurement and storage of raincoats

Puffballs should be harvested when their flesh is white. Processing and storage is no different from hat mushrooms: we dry, fry, cook, preserve. The powder of mature raincoats is prepared and stored in a dry place in a glass jar for medicinal purposes for powdering wounds and bedsores.

Application in everyday life

Mature puffballs are used in horticulture to control aphids and many garden pests.

The composition and medicinal properties of puffball mushrooms

Ergosterol, which is part of the raincoat, has a therapeutic effect on eczema, venous congestion and digestive disorders.
Calvacin has an antitumor effect and inhibits the formation of both benign and malignant neoplasms. The fungus has proven itself in the treatment of fibroids, neoplasms of the thyroid gland.
Raincoat extracts are actively used against the human immunodeficiency virus and the elimination of toxins in kidney disease, hepatitis, and dysbacteriosis.
Raincoats are used for kidney disease and bleeding. For these purposes, young and old mushrooms are used. Either the white pulp of a young mushroom is applied to the wound and thrombophlebitis ulcers, or it is sprinkled with the powder of the old one - the wound does not fester and quickly heals.
For cosmetic purposes, puffball extract gives the skin firmness, elasticity and a healthy color.
The preventive use of a raincoat is recommended for those who work in the chemical industry and are at risk of sarcoidosis, fluoroidosis.
A raincoat removes radionuclides from the body due to the structural features of the fungus cell.

The use of puffball mushrooms in folk medicine

Raincoat tincture

Fill half of a 0.5 liter bottle with ripe raincoats and pour vodka. Insist 40 days. Drink a teaspoon at night for diseases of the liver, stomach, kidneys, as an antitumor agent.

Tincture for multiple sclerosis

Dried and crushed puffballs, mushrooms, porcini 10 g of each pour 750 g of Cahors and leave for 7 days. Take up to positive dynamics 4 times a day, 1 tablespoon.

Ointment for tumors

Collect the pulp after the infusion, mix with lard and bring to a boil, stirring thoroughly. After cooling, lay out the jars and store in the refrigerator. Apply the ointment on a napkin and apply to the site of the localization of the cancerous tumor at night.

Lotion for skin diseases

Fill a liter jar with the product and pour a mixture of 100 g of water and 100 g of vodka. Leave for 2 weeks and then add 10 drops essential oil- tea tree and lavender.

Face masks

Grind in a mortar fresh mushrooms and apply on the face - firmness and elasticity are guaranteed.

Contraindications for use

Mushrooms are not allowed to be picked along roadsides and in polluted areas.
It is not recommended to eat for pregnant and lactating mothers, as well as for people with renal insufficiency.

A lot of mushroom pickers undeservedly bypass these mushrooms, and completely in vain. Young raincoats are very tasty and healthy mushrooms. And most often they are among the first to appear in the spring forest, so for lovers of just such gifts, the forests will be a pleasant variety in the diet after a long winter, when dishes from fresh mushrooms collected in the forest are still a rarity on the table.

Raincoats belong to the mushroom family. The fruiting bodies of these fungi different types have a rounded pear-shaped shape, most often white. Many of them have a pronounced false foot, and their sizes can be medium or large (like giant puffballs).

In young mushrooms, the entire cap is covered with small growths, similar to thorns, which fall off over time. The spores of this species of fungus ripen inside the fruiting body, when they ripen, a hole opens at the top of the fruiting body, through which the spores spread around the fungus. The color of mature spores can be from green with an olive tint to brown.

Popular names for this type of fungus:

bee sponge;
rabbit potato.

And raincoats, in which spores are fully ripe in the fruiting body, are called:

fluff;
pyrkhovka;
duster;
grandfather tobacco;
wolf tobacco;
tobacco fungus, etc.

Raincoats belong to the mushroom family

Edible types of raincoat

Raincoats include the following common groups of fungi:

true raincoats;
bigheads;
fluff.

Typical raincoats are small (5-6 cm in height, 2.5-3 cm in radius). Their fruiting bodies are closed, in young individuals they are covered with a double membrane. The outer layer of the shell of the fruiting body may be covered with cracks, small scales or spines. As the fungus ages, the outer layer falls off, exposing the inner - brown or ocher - layer, which covers the ripening ones.

Gallery: raincoat mushrooms (25 photos)

Where raincoats grow (video)

Raincoats meadow, pear-shaped and pearl

All of the above types of true puffballs are the most common category 4 mushrooms in the central regions and middle lane our country. They are very similar to each other, and the pearl species is also called real, or edible. It is covered with large thorns, which makes it look like goblin mushrooms.

Golovachi

Mushrooms of this genus are similar to raincoats, some mushroom pickers often confuse them. The main differences between golovaches and raincoats:

larger sizes (at least 7 cm in height and 3.5 cm in radius);
the fruiting body of these mushrooms, after the spores ripen, is torn much more strongly than that of ordinary raincoats.

Otherwise, they look about the same as raincoats. The most common species of golovach are described below.

Golovachi

Golovach baggy

Popular names for this variety of raincoat:

Golovach is vesiculate;
The golovach is rounded;
The golovach is bag-shaped;
Raincoat hare;
The golovach is belly-shaped.

The fruiting body of such a bighead can be 10 to 20 cm in diameter, rounded, slightly flattened from above, fine-grained inside, tapering downwards. Young golovachs of light milky color, growing up, become brown with gray tint. Cracks pass through the fruiting body of an adult golovache, and tubercles similar to warts will appear. Old mushrooms in the upper part open up, becoming like bowls with torn parts.

This mushroom belongs to the 4th category; only young golovachs are used for food.

Golovach baggy

Golovach oblong (elongated raincoat)

Synonyms - golovach marsupial. This species has a fruiting body of a peculiar shape - pin-shaped or club-like. The pseudopod is elongated, the top looks like a half of a ball. The height of the fruiting body, together with the pseudopod, is from 8 to 14 cm, in rainy and warm weather may grow even more. The thickness of the upper part of the pseudopod is about 4 cm, and the lower part is about 6-7 cm. But different sources indicate different values of these indicators.

Young mushrooms have white color which eventually turns yellow and then brown. Spikes are located on the entire surface of the fruiting body. The flesh of young mushrooms is white, turns yellow over time, fades, then turns brown. The upper spherical part of the fruiting body opens, and a brown spore powder falls out. The young oblong golovach is quite edible.

Golovach oblong (elongated raincoat)

Golovach giant

This mushroom is the largest among all varieties of golovach. Some of its specimens can grow in height up to 0.5 m, and weight reaches 18-20 kg. It is this representative of the golovachi genus that is considered the most delicious of all representatives of the genus. But, unfortunately, giant gobies always grow alone, and do not appear in one place, and this is considered their main drawback.

How to collect raincoats (video)

Poison False Raincoats

But in the family under consideration there are also inedible species, some of which are also slightly poisonous.

False puffball warty

This mushroom belongs to the category inedible mushrooms from the genus False raincoats of the scleroderma family. Usually grows in "families" in deciduous forests and groves (especially on the edges or forest clearings), occurs in meadows in the grass and on roadsides. Growth period - from the first decade of August to mid-October. The fruit body is 3–5 cm in diameter, tuberous in shape, the color of the outer shell is brownish. The outer shell is leathery, corky, leathery.

False puffball warty

False raincoat ordinary

The fruit body of this fungus is tuberous in shape, 5–6 cm in diameter, the shell can be smooth or covered with small scales. The color of this raincoat is dirty yellow. When the shell cracks, small warts appear.

Medicinal properties of puffball mushroom

Not all mushroom pickers know that raincoats have unique healing properties. They are able to stop bleeding, and also have a healing effect. In the case of a severe cut, you can simply break this freshly picked mushroom and apply the pulp to the wound - the blood will stop very quickly. Similarly, it can be used to treat other skin diseases:

severe burns;
poorly healing purulent wounds;
acne;
hives, etc.

Raincoats have unique healing properties

Decoctions are prepared from mushrooms, which are used to treat inflammatory processes in the upper respiratory tract:

bronchitis;
tuberculosis;
laryngitis.

Giant golovach has the ability to prevent the growth of malignant cells, therefore, on the basis of this fungus, the medicine calvacin was made, which helps in the fight against malignant tumors in different parts human body.

To this useful mushroom was always at hand, it is harvested and for future use (pickled, dried).

raincoat habitats

Varieties of raincoats can grow in different places. The baggy golovach usually occurs from the last ten days of May to mid-September in open sunny places - forest edges or clearings, in shallow ravines, in pastures. Most often grows singly.

The elongated raincoat appears in the forests, on the edges or forest clearings from the second decade of July. The last mushrooms of this species are found in mid-October.

How to cook raincoat mushrooms (video)

Raincoat Mushroom Cooking Options

Only young mushrooms should be used for cooking. They can be fried, stewed, cooked first courses.

Stuffed zucchini

Peel young zucchini, cut into rings 2.5-3 cm thick. Remove the middle (together with seeds), boil in salted water until half cooked, put in a colander to drain the water. Then roll in flour and fry sunflower oil. Pass young mushrooms through a meat grinder along with onions and fry in sunflower oil. Fill zucchini with minced mushrooms.

Vermicelli casserole

Vermicelli is boiled in salt water, thrown into a colander. Raincoats are finely chopped, fried in butter until ready. Then the fried mushrooms are mixed with vermicelli and raw eggs, spread in a form greased with oil and sprinkled with crushed breadcrumbs and put in an oven heated to 170 - 180 degrees for 1/3 hour. Pepper is added to this dish to taste.

Although raincoats belong to category 4, you can cook a lot of delicious and tasty treats from them. healthy meals. Fried young mushrooms are especially tasty.