Not all mushroom lovers can recognize inedible or poisonous varieties among forest gifts. And false mushrooms are also not always amenable to classification, their different types belong to several families. And only experienced mushroom pickers confidently collect edible specimens, although cases of poisoning by them are also known. This is due to the species variability of representatives of this very common and numerous family of agaric fungi.
They have brightly colored brick-brown or red-brown caps. Mushrooms with bright yellow caps are especially dangerous. They are smooth, evenly colored, sticky to the touch. The same bright colors present with reverse side hats false mushrooms. Their plates are green, yellow or dark olive. Sometimes they are covered with a thin cobweb-like film.
These representatives of the forest flora have a heavy smell of dampness, sometimes they smell like earth. This is due to the fact that they lack useful organic oils.
All justify their name by the fact that they grow mainly on or around stumps. They surround the trunks of fallen trees, are found on rotten trees or in moss, sometimes they do not disdain externally. healthy trees. And it's always big mushroom families, "drawing" large circles. Often, on the spot, you can pick up a full box of mushrooms.
There are about two dozen species of mushrooms that are not suitable for food, there are much more of them than edible ones. Most often there are such varieties.
Outwardly, this is a very beautiful and bright mushroom. In young specimens, it is domed, and with time it opens and becomes up to 8 cm in diameter. It is bright brown along the edges, and bright brick in the center. Its surface is smooth, there are no scales on it. Mushroom flesh is light yellow. The spore plates are firmly attached to the stem. At first they are yellow, then turn brown, and in adult specimens they are dark brown. Mushroom legs are thin and long, at the base they are denser, their color is dark closer to the ground, and light yellow at the top.
The fungus is distributed from late summer until frost on the remains of deciduous trees. He is attributed to inedible species.
This is extremely dangerous. It occurs both on decaying hardwoods and on the remains of coniferous trees. Its hat is slightly smaller than that of its brick-red counterpart, but undergoes the same transformations of its shape - from bell-shaped to prostrate. The edges are usually lighter - gray-yellow or yellow, and the center - a red-brown hue. Mushroom flesh is yellow with a repulsive odor. Numerous thin plates fit snugly to the stem. In young specimens they are yellow. Then they become green, and in old specimens - almost black with an olive or chocolate tint.
The stem of the mushroom is empty and thin, growing in length up to ten centimeters. Sometimes you can meet a family numbering up to fifty fused mushrooms. Fruiting is observed from the end of spring until the first frost. These mushrooms have such strong toxins that even one specimen caught among a whole pot of edible counterparts is enough to get serious poisoning at the risk of life. Moreover, the poison passes to all forest gifts prepared in one container, making them also dangerous.
The second name of the fungus is gray-lamellar honey agaric. A seven-centimeter hat in the form of a hemisphere, then opens, often keeping the remains of the bedspread in the form of a thin film along the edges. The color of the cap, depending on the humidity, changes color from pale yellow to bright brown. The edges of the cap are lighter than the middle. Its flesh is light, with a smell of dampness. Thin plates, tightly attached to the stem, are first light yellow, and later have a color like that of poppy seeds. The thin and long curving leg is bright brown at the base, and yellow at the top.
The fungus appears abundantly in late summer, preferring pine forests. Young specimens are classified as edible, but old specimens are tasteless.
Signs of poisoning with false mushrooms appear soon after food enters the stomach. But depending on the type and portion of dangerous twins, a reaction to them can occur even after a few hours. Toxins, getting into the blood, spread throughout the body. Most of them get to the digestive organs. Symptoms of poisoning are similar to those of acute gastroenteritis, with the following observed:
In case of poisoning with brick-red mushrooms, it also suffers nervous system. This results in a headache high blood pressure, difficulty speaking and nosebleeds. In severe cases, intoxication occurs, threatening coma and even cardiac arrest.
Sulfur-yellow honey agaric is also dangerous because its toxins do not decompose during heat treatment. Poisonous substances are preserved and even accumulate during the conservation of the insidious forest gift.
First aid for acute mushroom poisoning comes down to cleaning the gastrointestinal tract. It is necessary to provoke vomiting with a large amount of drunk boiled water. After that, you need to drink activated charcoal, washing it down with big amount liquids. In this case it is useful mineral water without gas, broths. You need to drink them in small portions every quarter of an hour.
Before the arrival of the ambulance, you need to lay the patient down, warming the limbs with a blanket and heating pads. In case of loss of consciousness, it is necessary to fix the tongue so that the victim does not suffocate.
The main difference between the dangerous doubles of honey mushrooms is the absence of a small ring of the remnants of the film in the form of a "skirt" surrounding the leg from above. But sometimes it is not present on benign types of mushrooms, they can simply lose it.
In addition, they can be distinguished from real mushrooms by the following features:
If you are not an experienced mushroom picker and you are not sure about the quality of the harvested forest crop, you should not take risks. There can be no 100% guarantee of detection poisonous mushrooms when compared visually. With a significant species diversity, sometimes even professionals are mistaken in their identification. And the consequences of such a delusion are serious - up to cardiac arrest. Therefore, you need to collect only those mushrooms that you are familiar with.
How to recognize edible mushrooms and what types of mushrooms exist.
Edible and not edible mushrooms- how not to be mistaken, what places are “preferred for habitation” and how to grow a crop of mushrooms on suburban area? Read about it in the article.
The name of the mushrooms "honey mushrooms" in Latin means "bracelet". The colonies of forest dwellers really resemble decoration on old wood due to the peculiar form of growth.
How not to confuse summer mushrooms with poisonous mushrooms and protect your family from health problems? After all, not everyone has great experience mushroom hunting.
At summer mushrooms, with which you can safely diversify the menu:
The mushroom family includes the following mushrooms:
common name"honey mushrooms" we call different families and genera of mushrooms, of which there are 34 species. Of these, only 22 species have been classified. Some of the representatives of these mushrooms "settle" in open areas, in the grass, confusing inexperienced mushroom pickers.
Since edible representatives of honey mushrooms are of interest, there is more information about them.
Consider the most common forms:
Mushroom mushroom autumn
The specifics of cooking mushrooms
How to pre-boil mushrooms:
Behind good mushroom You can take his doppelgänger. These are the so-called false mushrooms.
Signs of an inedible honey agaric:
What other differences exist:
For an experienced mushroom picker, it will not be difficult to distinguish a good mushroom from a bad one. But if you are a beginner mushroom picker, then it is better to look for a skirt on the mushroom leg.
Mushrooms are divided into several groups:
In false mushrooms, the pulp contains a white liquid. It is called burning juice. In addition, a bad mushroom differs from an edible mushroom with a brighter hat orange color and thinner hemp.
Video: How to recognize mushroom poisoning?
Signs of poisoning:
From poisoning with false mushrooms, death does not occur, but it is possible serious problems due to dehydration, gastroenteritis.
First aid is as follows:
Remember that first aid is not a substitute for treatment. For dehydration that you can't manage on your own, you need to see a doctor.
See the collection calendar below different mushrooms by months.
How to get a crop of mushrooms in the country?
First stage: site preparation:
Cooking mycelium:
Mushrooms of mushrooms belong to the roca Fizalkrievye, and in translation from Latin their name literally means "bracelet". Among the people, the decomposer received such a name because it is characterized by growth on stumps and trees, while representatives of the family are located in a group, in the form of a ring. When collecting forest gifts, it is important to be able to distinguish edible specimens from poisonous ones.
It’s easy to learn honey agaric even for a novice mushroom picker. The growth area is very wide - they are able to exist both in the subtropics and in temperate continental climate. The only exception is the area permafrost. They have a kind of accommodation zone in nature. Most often they can be found on old stumps, not far from old diseased trees, shrubs. But it happens that they are located in meadows and edges - it depends on the species. The structure of mushrooms, their description has common signs for all types:
Honey mushrooms are classified depending on the time of year when they appear. And also take into account the place of growth and individual characteristics.
Spring honey agaric in scientific circles is called wood-loving collibia. Included in the non-gniuchkov family, the genus Gymnopus. You can find it in oak and pine forests from late spring to November. Grows not large groups on stumps and fallen trees, damp and decaying foliage.
Leg - mostly flat, may have a slight thickening at the root, reaches 9 cm in height. The hat is convex, with growth it acquires an umbrella shape. The skin of young specimens has a brick hue, gradually brightens and acquires a yellow tint. The plates are white and light pink in color, often located. The flesh is predominantly white, a yellow tone may be present. Taste and aroma are weakly expressed.
The mushroom has a clearly visible white ring under the cap. The plates are creamy, rarely located, gradually darken and become covered with dark spots. Autumn mushrooms are most often found in marshy areas in the northern regions from late August to mid-September.
The leg has a height of up to 7 cm and a special velvety brown color, brightening upwards. A convex hat with growth transforms into an umbrella with a diameter of up to 10 cm. The skin has a yellow-brown tonality, sometimes a brick tone appears. The pulp is white or yellowish. The fungus is distinguished by the absence of a ring. The pulp contains a small amount of toxins, so the mushroom should be subjected to a longer heat treatment.
The leg can be straight and curved, grows up to 10 cm in height, has an extension at the bottom. The hat is convex in young saprophytes, gradually becomes flat, with an uneven edge and a tubercle in the middle. The hat and stem have the same beige color, darkened towards the center. IN rainy weather the skin is covered with mucus and acquires a reddish tint. The skirt is absent, and the plates are rarely located and have a light shade.
The mushroom has a sweetish light flesh with a rich aroma of cloves and almonds. It can be confused with a conditionally edible meadow grass biotopes, which are distinguished by a hollow leg and an unpleasant odor. And also an inexperienced mushroom picker can mistake a poisonous furrowed talker for marasmius. It is distinguished by a whitish hat without a tubercle and frequent plates.
The cap of young mushrooms is cone-shaped with tucked edges, in adults it is flat. In the center of the cap there are many gray-brown scales. The skin color is beige and pink in young mushrooms and brown-brown in old ones. The plates are often located, darken over time. The pulp has an astringent taste and a cheesy aroma.
Honey mushrooms are popular with mushroom lovers. They are used for frying, pickling, marinating and freezing for the winter. Honey mushrooms are very easy to collect. They grow big families, closely spaced to each other. Finding such a family in the mushroom season is not difficult. The most important thing is to distinguish the real from the false. How to do it?
Honey mushrooms - autumn mushrooms growing in flocks, families. They can be found on stumps, old fallen trees, where they are located in whole clusters. Small mushrooms are considered the most valuable. They are used for frying, salting and marinating. Adult mushrooms look less attractive, so mushroom caviar is made from them.
The honey agaric has a thin and flexible leg. It can reach 15 cm in length. The color of the legs can be different - light yellow and dark brown. It all depends on the age of the fungus. On the leg you can see a skirt that rings it. But not all mushrooms have such a sign.
The hat is neat, rounded down. It also differs in its shape, it depends on age. Young mushrooms have a spherical cap with small scales. With age, it becomes like an umbrella and smoothes out. Hats are yellow, cream and even red.
These mushrooms are hard workers, they love to grow on diseased and lifeless wood residues or depleted soil. They are able to process biomass into useful trace elements, restore the balance in the soil and make it fruitful for healthy plant growth.
In ancient times, there was a sign: where the honey agaric family settled, a treasure was buried. In addition, honey agaric was attributed medicinal properties. Its skin was used as a band-aid to heal cuts and burns.
To know how to distinguish honey mushrooms from false mushrooms, you need to know that there are several types of edible mushrooms.
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