Sea otter is a sea otter. Otter animal. Habitat and lifestyle of the otter Presentation on the topic sea otter

Otter is one of the species of mammalian predators that belongs to the mustelid family. The size of the mammal directly depends on the variety.

On average, they range from 50 cm to 95 cm, the length of its fluffy tail is from 22 cm to 55 cm. This animal is quite flexible and has muscular body. Interesting feature The point is that an animal measuring about a meter weighs only 10 kg.

All types of otters have one color - brown or brown. Their fur is short, but thick, which makes it very valuable. In spring and summer, the otter has a molting period.

Otters are one of those who care for and care for their fur, combing it and cleaning it. If they do not do this, the wool will become dirty and will no longer retain heat, and this will certainly lead to death.

Due to its small eyes, the otter sees perfectly on land and under water. They also have short legs and sharp nails. The toes of the paws are connected by membranes, which makes it possible to swim well.

When an otter dives into water, its ear openings and nostrils are closed by valves, thus blocking the penetration of water there. In pursuit of prey underwater, an otter can swim up to 300 m.

When the mammal senses danger, it makes a hissing sound. While playing with each other, they squeal or chirp. An interesting fact is that in some parts of the world the otter is used as a hunting animal. They are able to drive fish into nets.

The otter has a lot of enemies. Depending on their habitat, these may be predator birds, crocodiles, bears, stray dogs, wolves and jaguars. But man remains the main enemy; he not only hunts her, but pollutes and destroys her living environment.

Habitat and lifestyle of the otter

The otter can be found on every continent, the only exception being. Due to the fact that their habitat is connected with water, they live near lakes, rivers and other bodies of water, the water must also be clean and have a strong current. During the winter (cold) period, the otter can be seen in those parts of the river that are not frozen.

At night the animal hunts, and in daytime day prefers rest. It does this in the roots of trees that grow near water or in their burrows. The entrance to the hole is always built under water. For otters beaver brings benefits, she lives in the holes that he dug, since she does not build her own. If the otter is not in danger, they are active during the day.

If an otter becomes unsafe in its usual place, it can easily travel 20 km in search of new housing (regardless of the time of year). The paths she tramples have been used by her for several years. It is interesting to watch the animal in winter; it moves through the snow by jumping, alternating with sliding on its stomach.

Depending on the species, otters react differently to captivity. Some become despondent, stop taking care of themselves, and ultimately may die. The latter, on the contrary, are very friendly, quickly adapt to a new environment, and are quite playful.

Types of otters

In total there are 17 species of otters and 5 subfamilies. The most popular of them:

• River otter(ordinary).
• sea ​​otter(sea otter).
• Caucasian otter.
• Brazilian otter (giant).

The sea otter is marine mammal, kind otter beaver, so the sea otter is also called the sea beaver. It is distinguished by its large size, reaching up to 150 cm and weighing up to 45 kg.

They have fairly dense fur, which makes it possible to not freeze in the water. At the beginning of the 20th century otter population(sea otters) has decreased significantly due to the high demand for fur.

On at this stage Their numbers have increased significantly, but they cannot be hunted. It is very interesting to watch them, because sea otters store their food in a “pocket”, which is located under their front limb on the left. And in order to split, they use stones. Their lifespan is 9-11 years; in captivity they can live more than 20 years.

The giant otter can reach up to 2 meters, 70 cm of which is in the tail. Its weight is up to 26 kg. At the same time, the sea otter weighs much more, but is smaller in size. Brazilian otters live in families of up to 20 individuals, the head of the family is the female.

They are active during daylight hours and rest at night. Their life expectancy is up to 10 years. The Caucasian otter is listed in the Red Book. The population decline is due to pollution of water bodies, a decrease in the number of fish and poaching. Otter photo and their relatives can be found on the pages of our website.

Nutrition

The otter's diet includes mainly fish, but they can also eat mollusks, eggs, crustaceans and even some terrestrial rodents. Also not a friend otters and muskrat, which can easily end up with a predatory animal for lunch.

Very most Otters spend their lives searching for food; they are quite agile and fast. Due to their gluttony, their habitats must be fishy. This animal is a wonderful hunter, so after eating, the hunt does not end, and the caught fish act as a kind of toy.

Otters are of great benefit to fisheries, as they feed on non-commercial fish, which in turn eat eggs and fry. An otter eats about 1 kg of fish per day, with the small ones being kept in the water and the large ones being pulled out onto sushi. She feeds in water in this way: she places it on her stomach and eats.

After finishing the meal, it carefully spins in the water to cleanse the body of food debris. He is a clean animal. The animal does not respond to baits left by hunters, so it is extremely difficult to attract an animal in this way, unless it must be very hungry.

Otter reproduction and lifespan

The period of puberty in a female otter occurs after two years, in a male otter after three. They are solitary animals. Mating takes place in water. The otter breeds once a year, this period falls in the spring.

The female has a very interesting period gestation, after fertilization it may stop in development and then begin again. For this reason, a female can give birth both at the beginning of winter and in mid-spring (latent gestation can last up to 270 days). The gestation period lasts from 60 to 85 days.

The litter ranges from 2 to 4 babies. They are born blind and covered in fur; sight appears after a month of life. In the second month of life, babies develop teeth and learn to swim; by 6 months they become independent. After about a year, the babies leave their mother.

Average duration The life of an otter lasts on average about 15-16 years. The ranks of these wonderful animals are thinning significantly. The reason is not only polluted water bodies, but also poaching. Otter hunting prohibited by law. In some countries, this wonderful animal is listed in the book.

Main value for hunters is otter fur– it is of quite high quality and durable. Beaver, otter, muskrat are the main sources of fur, which they love to use for sewing various products.

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The vydura is a large animal with an elongated, flexible, streamlined body. Body length 5595 cm, tail 2655 cm, weight 6 10 kg. The paws are short, with webbed swimming. The tail is muscular, not fluffy. Fur color: dark brown above, light, silver below. The guard hairs are coarse, but the underfur is very thick and delicate.

The density of the fur coat can reach 51 thousand per 1 cm2. Such a high density of the undercoat makes the fur completely impermeable to water and perfectly insulates the animal’s body, protecting it from hypothermia. The otter's body structure is adapted for swimming underwater: flat head, short legs, long tail.

The most common representative of the otter subfamily. It is found over a vast area, covering almost all of Europe (except the Netherlands and Switzerland), Asia (except the Arabian Peninsula) and North Africa. In Russia it is found everywhere, including in the Far North in the Magadan region, in Chukotka.

She lives mainly in forest rivers, rich in fish, less often in lakes and ponds. Found on sea ​​coast. Prefers rivers with whirlpools, with rapids that do not freeze in winter, with washed-out banks littered with windfalls, where there are many reliable shelters and places for making burrows.

Hunting grounds One otter in summer comprises a river section from 2 to 18 km long and about 100 m deep into the coastal zone. In winter, when fish stocks are depleted and wormwood freezes, it is forced to wander, sometimes directly crossing high watersheds. At the same time, the goat descends from the slopes, rolling down on its belly, leaving a characteristic trace in the form of a gutter. On ice and snow it travels up to 1520 km per day.

The goblin feeds mainly on fish (carp, pike, trout, roach, gobies), and prefers small fish. In winter it eats frogs and quite regularly caddisfly larvae. In summer, in addition to fish, it catches water voles and other rodents; In some places it systematically hunts waders and ducks.

Hunting and use in agriculture pesticides have reduced the number of otters. In 2000, the common dwarf was added to the red list World Union Nature Conservation (IUCN) as a “vulnerable” species. The species is listed in the Red Book Sverdlovsk region, Saratov and Rostov regions.

Isaeva Olesya
Presentation “Red Book” Kaluga region. River otter"

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