China on the map of foreign Asia. Satellite map of Asia

Asia is washed by the Arctic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, as well as - in the west - inland seas Atlantic Ocean(Azov, Black, Marble, Aegean, Mediterranean). At the same time, there are vast areas of internal flow - the Caspian and Aral Sea, Lake Balkhash, etc. Lake Baikal by volume of contained fresh water surpasses all lakes in the world; Baikal contains 20% of the world's fresh water reserves (excluding glaciers). The Dead Sea is the world's deepest tectonic basin (-405 meters below sea level). The coast of Asia as a whole is relatively weakly dissected; large peninsulas stand out - Asia Minor, Arabian, Hindustan, Korean, Kamchatka, Chukotka, Taimyr, etc. Near the coast of Asia there are large islands (Big Sunda, Novosibirsk, Sakhalin, Severnaya Zemlya, Taiwan, Philippine, Hainan, Sri Lanka, Japan, etc.), occupying a total area of ​​more than 2 million km².

At the base of Asia lie four huge platforms - the Arabian, Indian, Chinese and Siberian. Up to ¾ of the world's territory is occupied by mountains and plateaus, the highest of which are concentrated in Central and Central Asia. In general, Asia is a contrasting region in terms of absolute marks heights On the one hand, there is highest peak world - Mount Chomolungma (8848 m), on the other hand, deepest depressions- Lake Baikal with a depth of up to 1620 m and the Dead Sea, the level of which is 392 m below sea level. East Asia is an area of ​​active volcanism.

Asia is rich in a variety of mineral resources (especially fuel and energy raw materials).

Almost all types of climate are represented in Asia - from arctic in the far north to equatorial in the southeast. In East, South and Southeast Asia the climate is monsoonal (within Asia there is the wettest place on Earth - the place of Cherrapunji in the Himalayas), while in Western Siberia- continental, in Eastern Siberia and Saryarka - sharply continental, and on the plains of Central, Central and Western Asia - semi-desert and desert climate of the temperate and subtropical zones. Southwest Asia is tropical desert, the hottest within Asia.

The far north of Asia is occupied by tundras. To the south is the taiga. Western Asia is home to fertile black earth steppes. Most Central Asia, from the Red Sea to Mongolia, is occupied by deserts. The largest of them is the Gobi Desert. The Himalayas separate Central Asia from the tropics of South and Southeast Asia.

Himalayas - the highest mountain system peace. The rivers, in whose basins the Himalayas are located, carry silt to the fields of the south, forming fertile soils

Asia is part of the Eurasian continent. The continent is located in the eastern and northern hemispheres. The border with North America runs along the Bering Strait, and Asia is separated from Africa by the Suez Canal. Also in Ancient Greece Attempts were made to establish a precise boundary between Asia and Europe. Until now, this border is considered conditional. In Russian sources, the border is set along the eastern foot Ural mountains, the Emba River, the Caspian Sea, the Black and Marmara Seas, along the Bosphorus and Dardanelles.

In the west, Asia is washed inland seas Black, Azov, Marble, Mediterranean and Aegean seas. The largest lakes on the continent are Baikal, Balkhash and the Aral Sea. Lake Baikal contains 20% of all fresh water on Earth. In addition, Baikal is the most deep lake in the world. His maximum depth in the middle part of the basin - 1620 meters. One of the unique lakes in Asia is Lake Balkhash. Its uniqueness is that in its western part it is freshwater, and in its eastern part it is salty. The most deep sea Asia and the world is considered the Dead Sea.

The continental part of Asia is mainly occupied by mountains and plateaus. The largest mountain ranges in the south are Tibet, Tien Shan, Pamir, and the Himalayas. In the north and northeast of the continent there are Altai, the Verkhoyansk Range, the Chersky Range, and the Central Siberian Plateau. In the west, Asia is surrounded by the Caucasus and Ural Mountains, and in the east by the Greater and Lesser Khingan and Sikhote-Alin. On a map of Asia with countries and capitals in Russian, the names of the major mountain ranges of the region are visible. All types of climates are found in Asia - from arctic to equatorial.

According to the UN classification, Asia is divided into the following regions: central Asia, East Asia, West Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia. Currently, there are 54 states in Asia. The borders of all these countries and capitals are indicated on the political map of Asia with cities. In terms of population growth, Asia is second only to Africa. 60% of the entire world population lives in Asia. China and India make up 40% of the world's population.

Asia is the ancestor of ancient civilizations - Indian, Tibetan, Babylonian, Chinese. This is due to favorable agriculture in many areas of this part of the world. By ethnic composition Asia is very diverse. Representatives of the three main races of humanity live here - Negroid, Mongoloid, Caucasoid.

Asia is that part of the world where countries are both similar to each other and completely different. Various cultural and religious movements, different natural and climatic conditions, the exoticism of the East, ancient traditions and completely modern, similar to European, life.

Western Asia includes the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Caucasus Mountains and west coast Mediterranean Sea. This region is full of attractions; the oldest states in the world were born here. Now there are resorts for every taste. Türkiye is the most popular due to good climate, various types of recreation, affordable prices and historical monuments. The Caucasus pleases with its national flavor, excellent cuisine And ancient history. And the countries of the Arabian Peninsula will provide luxury holiday for the most demanding tastes.

Countries south asia immediately associated with fairy tales of the Thousand and One Nights. Iran, Iraq, India and neighboring countries have a special flavor. India deserves special attention as the largest country in the region. In India, Europeans are treated well; magnificent architectural monuments of the most different eras, Hindus celebrate on a grand scale folk holidays, which is a pleasure to take part in. Almost all Indians speak English. But there are also disadvantages: in big cities there are a huge number of slums, and therefore a lot of small scammers. Heat, insects, snakes are not the most pleasant additions to your vacation, although these inconveniences will not be a hindrance for tourists who are prepared in advance.

China, Japan, Mongolia and other countries are grouped by geographers into East Asia. It is difficult to describe the variety of attractions, but no one will refuse to see the birthplace of Genghis Khan, the Great Wall of China, the Terracotta Army or the Cherry Blossom Festival. Lovers of philosophy and religion will find themselves visiting many temples, and maybe even get to the monasteries of Tibet. Nature has not deprived this part of Asia of landscapes - steppes, deserts, the roof of the world - the Himalayan mountains, great rivers - all this is worth the attention of travelers.

Very popular with holidaymakers Southeast Asia with her warm seas and wide beaches, abundance tropical flora and fauna, unusual architecture, rich ancient culture. Tourists from all over the world are warmly welcomed here and vacationers return to Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and the island states again and again.

Asia is a contrast of exoticism and modern technologies, preserving traditions and customs and striving to keep up with the times. Tourists, coming on vacation to Asian countries, always make discoveries for themselves, because in such a vast territory there is sure to be an unexplored corner that seems like a real paradise.

The video lesson is dedicated to the topic “ Political map Foreign Asia". This topic is the first in the section of lessons dedicated to Foreign Asia. You will get to know a variety of interesting countries Asia, which play a significant role in modern economy due to its financial, geopolitical influences and peculiarities of its economic and geographical location. The teacher will talk in detail about the composition, borders, and uniqueness of the countries of Foreign Asia.

Topic: Foreign Asia

Lesson:Political map of Overseas Asia

Foreign Asia is the largest region in the world in terms of population (more than 4 billion people) and the second (after Africa) in area, and it has maintained this primacy, essentially, throughout the entire existence of human civilization. The area of ​​foreign Asia is 27 million square meters. km, it includes more than 40 sovereign states. Many of them are among the oldest in the world. Foreign Asia is one of the centers of the origin of humanity, the birthplace of agriculture, artificial irrigation, cities, many cultural values ​​and scientific achievements. The region mainly includes developing countries.

The region includes countries of different sizes: two of them are giant countries (China, India), there are very large ones (Mongolia, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Indonesia), the rest are mainly classified as fairly large countries. The boundaries between them follow well-defined natural boundaries.

Features of the EGP of Asian countries:

1. Neighborhood position.

2. Coastal location.

3. The deep position of some countries.

The first two features have a beneficial effect on their economy, while the third complicates external economic relations.

Rice. 1. Map of foreign Asia ()

Largest countries Asia by population (2012)
(according to CIA)

Asia is the largest part of the world. However, not everyone knows its exact location. Let us dwell in detail on where Asia is located.

Location and boundaries of Asia

Most of Asia is in the northern and eastern hemisphere. And its total area is 43.4 million km² with a population of 4.2 billion people. It has borders with Africa (connected by the Isthmus of Suez). Therefore, one part of Egypt is located in Asia. From North America Asia is separated by the Bering Strait. The border with Europe runs along the Emba River, the Caspian, Black and Sea of ​​Marmara, the Ural Mountains and the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits.

At the same time, the geopolitical border of this continent is slightly different from the natural one. Thus, it runs along the eastern borders of the Kurgan, Sverdlovsk and Arkhangelsk regions, Komi, Russia and Kazakhstan. Whereas in the Caucasus its geopolitical border coincides with the Russian-Georgian and Russian-Azerbaijani ones.

It is noteworthy that Asia is washed by four oceans at once - the Pacific, Indian, Arctic, as well as the Atlantic seas. This continent also has areas of internal drainage - Lake Balkhash, the basins of the Aral and Caspian seas and others.

Here are the coordinates extreme points Asia:

• South —103° 30′ E.
• North - 104° 18′ E
• West - 26° 04′ E.
• East - 169° 40′ W

Features, climate and fossils of Asia

It is important to know that at the base of this continent lie several huge platforms:

• Siberian;
• Chinese;
• Arabian;
• Indian.

At the same time, ¾ of Asia is occupied by plateaus and mountains. Whereas permafrost covers 10 million sq. km. mainland, and in the east there are several active volcanoes.

The coast of Asia is poorly dissected. The following peninsulas can be distinguished:

• Taimyr;
• Korean;
• Hindustan;
• Austrian and others.

Surprisingly, Asia has almost all types of climates - from equatorial (southeast) to arctic (north). In the eastern part of Asia it predominates monsoon climate, and in the central and western regions it is semi-desert.

Asia is rich in mineral resources. On its territory there are:

• oil;
• coal;
• iron ore;
• tungsten;
• silver;
• gold;
• mercury and others.