Meshcherskaya forest-steppe experimental breeding station. Sights of the Lipetsk region. The arboretum consists of

Lipetsk region - an entity in the composition Russian Federation. Regional center- the city of Lipetsk. It was formed on January 6, 1954 from the adjacent regions of the Ryazan, Voronezh, Kursk and Oryol regions. Area - 24,047 km². According to this indicator, the region ranks 72nd in Russia and the last among the five regions of the Central Black Earth Economic Region. The Lipetsk region borders on the Kursk, Oryol, Tula, Ryazan, Tambov and Voronezh regions. Population - 1 150 201 people. (2018) - 3rd place in the Central Black Earth economic region and 45th in Russia. Population density - 47.83 people / km². In November 2017, at the sixth St. Petersburg Cultural Forum, the Lipetsk Region was marked by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation as a region that is dynamically developing in the field of culture. A lot of useful information you will find here prostroimmagnetite

Landmarks and architecture

In the Dankovsky district of the Lipetsk region in the Polibino estate there is a unique architectural structure- the world's first hyperboloid structure, a steel openwork mesh tower of amazing beauty. The first hyperboloid tower was built and patented by the engineer and scientist Vladimir Grigoryevich Shukhov. This Shukhov Tower was built and presented at the All-Russian Industrial Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod on June 9, 1896. The world's first hyperboloid tower was bought by the philanthropist Yu. S. Nechaev-Maltsov and installed in Polibino. Hyperboloid structures were subsequently built by many great architects: Gaudi, Le Corbusier, Oscar Niemeyer. Similar mesh shell towers were built in the 21st century in China (610 meters), United Arab Emirates, Spain, Hungary, UK, Czech Republic, Norway and other countries.

The only planetarium in the Lipetsk region is located in Dankovo.

Palace of the Nechaevs, late 18th century, architect V.I. Bazhenov. Numerous monuments of ecclesiastical and secular architecture are located in Yelets, including the Ascension Cathedral (1889; Designed by the famous architect K. A. Ton, the author of the Moscow Station in St. Petersburg and Leningrad Station in Moscow, as well as the Cathedral of Christ the Savior). The life of I. A. Bunin, M. M. Prishvin, T. N. Khrennikov, N. N. Zhukov and others is closely connected with Yelets.

There are also significant monuments in Zadonsk church architecture and history, including three active monasteries.

In the Polibino estate there is a classic palace of the 18th century, built according to the project of the architect V. I. Bazhenov in the Empire style in late XVIII centuries and a vast park descending from the palace to the banks of the Don. This estate was the family estate of Yuri Stepanovich Nechaev-Maltsov, the great philanthropist of Russia, who donated more than a billion dollars (in today's exchange rate) for the construction and exhibits of the Museum of Fine Arts (now the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts) in Moscow (in terms of modern exchange rates) [source not specified 2415 days]. Before the revolution, L.N. Tolstoy, I.E. Repin, I.K. Aivazovsky, K.A. Korovin, V.D. Polenov, V.V. Vasnetsov, I. V. Tsvetaev, A. N. Benois, Olga Knipper-Chekhova, Anna Akhmatova.

The Meshchersky arboretum is located in the Stanovlyansky district - the largest forest-steppe forest in terms of area experimental breeding station(LOSS) in Russia with a collection of introduced flora from the northern regions of Europe, Asia and North America.

In the village of Borki, Terbunsky district, there is the Borki Manor, also called the Borkovsky Castle. This is the only architectural monument in the region in English gothic style, is an architectural monument of the last quarter XIX century. At the beginning of the century, the estate belonged to the cousin of Emperor Nicholas II, Grand Duke Andrei Vladimirovich Romanov.

There are two triumphal arches in Usman in honor of the war of 1941-1945 and the victory over the German fascists. [source not specified 1721 days] The memorial museum of P. P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky was created on the territory of the Chaplyginsky district of the Lipetsk region in the Ryazanka estate.

Dendrological park
Year of establishment: 1996
Area: 542 ha

The arboretum was created to preserve, acclimatize and introduce the most valuable and rare tree and shrub species, as well as to breed new varieties. It is distinguished by the richest collection of trees and shrubs (1186 species), including 80 rare and endangered species. It has an important environmental and scientific significance. The protection regime is aimed at ensuring the safety of valuable floristic objects.
IN late XIX V. famous Russian dendrologist D.D. Artsybashev on his estate near Meshcherka on an area of ​​4 hectares laid a park with up to 70 exotic species of trees and shrubs. In 1924, the Forest-Steppe Experimental Breeding Station (LOSS) was organized here. From 1925 to 1956 scientific work LOSS led N.K. Vekhov, under whose leadership the arboretum, introduction nursery, collection plots, hedges were laid. Thanks to his activities, LOSS became widely known as one of the most important centers of introduction of tree species in our country.
Arboretum "LOSS", located in the village. Barsukovo Stanovlyansky district (52 about 58 " northern latitude and 7 about 34 "East), located in the conditions Central Russian Upland, in a hilly area, heavily crossed by numerous beams and river valleys. The highest altitude above sea level is 237 m.
The total area of ​​the arboretum is currently 542 hectares, including the industrial nursery - 379 hectares; introduction nursery - 6 ha; arboretum - 15.5 ha; park - 4 hectares; fruticetum, tuetum - 0.65 ha; square - 0.35 ha; forest experimental crops - 35 ha; edges, protective strips, hedges - 3 ha; uterine-seed plot - 14 ha; mother liquors of flowering shrubs - 3 ha; layer breeding area - 0.5 ha; natural forest plantations- 52 ha; roads, buildings, estates - 29.5 hectares. There is a meteorological station, observations at which have been conducted since 1927.
Main directions scientific activity is the introduction of plants, observations of them, identification various ways vegetative propagation(in conditions of artificial fog, layering, root offspring, lignified cuttings), production of planting material for landscaping cities and villages, laying parks, replenishing the collection of botanical gardens and arboretums in Russia, near and far abroad.
For the successful implementation of the main directions of scientific and production activities, communication has been established with 95 botanical gardens 32 non-CIS countries and 58 botanical gardens of the CIS countries and Russia. In the arboretum, more than 23 thousand samples of introduced seeds of trees and shrubs, about 500 species and forms of conifers and deciduous plants passed the test for the ability to reproduce by green cuttings in conditions of artificial fog.
Every year, 150 items are sold from introduced and industrial nurseries to landscapers and botanical institutions. deciduous shrubs and trees of 50-60 species, forms and varieties of coniferous plants.
The Dendrological Park "Forest-Steppe Experimental Breeding Station" is one of the important centers that has accumulated experience in the introduction, acclimatization and cultivation of plants. Silvery spruces grown at the station are planted in Moscow near the walls of the Kremlin on Red Square, on the territory of VDNKh, the stadium in Luzhniki, and also decorate the squares and squares of Lipetsk. LOSS supplies planting material and seeds to almost all European part Russia, the cities of the Urals and Siberia.
Now the LOSS collection includes 1186 species, 163 varieties, 129 forms, 202 varieties and 118 hybrids of wild and ornamental plants. By geographical origin it contains plants of the European part of the USSR, Siberia, Far East, Central and Western Asia, Western Europe, Japan-China region, North America.
In the cultures of the station, barberry (62 species and varieties), birch (41), hawthorn (78), oak (20), spruce (32), maple (52), linden (26), fir (17), pine (24), poplar (47), honeysuckle (69), cotoneaster (50), rose (150), mountain ash (47), currant (27), spirea (56), lilac (89), apple tree (45), mock orange (68).
Lilacs and jasmines brought particular fame to the park. The collection of varietal lilacs of domestic and foreign selection began to be created in 1925, when the first seedlings arrived from Nancy (France). Extremely beautiful varieties of lilac of the LOSS breeding are widely known - Elena Vekhova, Lipchanka, Forest-Steppe, Memory of Vekhov, Morning of Russia, etc.
The merit of the station staff is the technologies they developed for growing in industrial scale beautifully flowering shrubs and ornamental trees, including arborvitae and firs.
In 1996, by a decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, the arboretum was given the status dendrological park federal significance- dendrological park "Forest-Steppe Experimental Breeding Station". In 2003, the territory of FSUE "LOSS", along with some other territories of the Stanovlyansky district, became part of the state landscape reserve "Meshchersky". In 2015, the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Dendrological Park Forest-Steppe Experimental Breeding Station was transferred to the state ownership of the Lipetsk Region.
In 2005, for the first time in the Lipetsk region, on the basis of LOSS, a plein air was held by artists from 16 regions of the Central federal district designed to capture the natural beauty of the area. As a result, an exhibition was held and an illustrated catalog was published, called the Lilac School in Meshcherka. Plein air was the first in the framework of the large-scale long-term program "Lipetsk Plein Air", designed for 20 years - according to the number of districts of the region and cities in the region.
Since 2016, the festival of event tourism "Lilac Paradise" has been held on the territory of the arboretum.

Literature

• About the state landscape reserve "Meshchersky"[Electronic resource] : Decree of the administration of the Lipetsk region of August 20, 2003 No. 172 // ATP Consultant Plus. – 05/25/2017.
• On the federal state unitary enterprise “[Electronic resource]: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 18, 2015 No. 135 // ATP Consultant Plus. – 05/24/2017.
• Sushkova N. Meshchersky dendrological park of federal significance // Lipetsk encyclopedia: in 3 volumes / ed.-comp. B. M. Shalnev, V. V. Shakhov. - T. 2. - Lipetsk, 2000. - S. 349-351.
• Forest-steppe experimental breeding station: dendrological park / OGUP Dendrol. Park "Lesostep. experience.-select. Art. " ; ed. intro. Art. A. I. Minaeva. - Lipetsk: Avantage Plus, 2016. - 59 p. .
• Federal State Unitary Enterprise - dendropark LOSS // Natural resources And environment subjects of the Russian Federation. Central Federal District. - M., 2004. - [T. 1]: Lipetsk region / ed.: N. G. Rybalsky, V. V. Gorbatovsky, A. S. Yakovlev. - 2004. - S. 319-320, 456-461.
• Dendrological Park "Forest-Steppe Experimental Breeding Station" // natural heritage Lipetsk region: catalog of specially protected landscapes and objects / V. S. Sarychev. - Kemerovo, 2014. - S. 24-25.
• Dendrological Park "Forest-Steppe Experimental Breeding Station"// Lipetsk region: unique corners of nature / comp. V. S. Sarychev; ph. V. S. Sarychev, S. N. Belykh, I. S. Klimov. - Tambov, 2014. - P. 16.
• Beketova T. A. FSUE - arboretum "LOSS" of the Stanovlyansky district: [source. essay] // Questions of natural sciences: materials of interuniversity. conf. teachers, graduate students and students / LGPU, EHF. - Issue. 13. - Lipetsk, 2005. - S. 39-41.
• Konovalov A. Creation of fate: dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the Stanovlyansky district. - Stanovoye: Typography, 2008. - Ch. 10. Pearl of Russia. - S. 243-250.
• Merkulov A. A unique corner of the Russian land: Forest-steppe experimental breeding station - 90 years / A. Merkulov; ph. A. Merkulov // Star [Stanovlyan. district]. - 2014. - September 13.
• Vekhov N. The world of flower fantasies of professor Artsybashev: [about the activity of Rus. florist and dendrologist, hands. LOSS, prof. D. D. Artsybasheva (1873-1942)] / N. Vekhov // Floriculture. - 2004. - No. 4. - S. 17,; No. 5.- C. 18, 19; No. 6.- C. 10, 11; 2005. - No. 1. - S. 30, 31; No. 2. - S. 18, 19.
• Dementiev A.“A lilac branch fell on the chest…”: [about the founder of Lesostep. experimental selection. station in Meshcherka D. D. Artsybashev] / A. Dementiev; ph. A. Dementiev // Lipetsk newspaper - 2009. - May 30. - p. 3.
• Yunchenko A.V. N. K. Vekhov (1887-1956). Materials for the biography: [about the dendrologist, breeder, Dr. S.-Kh. sciences, prof. N. K. Vekhov, who worked at the Loss of Russia in 1926-1956] / A. V. Yunchenko // Frolovsky Readings. Man in the center of local history research. - Lipetsk, 2014. - S. 164-172.
• Vekhov N.V."Moonlight", "Ballet of Moths", "Elbrus" and others: about the Russian scientist-dendrologist N.K. Vekhov (1887-1956) / N.V. Vekhov // Moscow Journal. - 2008. - No. 12. - S. 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30.
• Doroshenko E. D. The house in which in 1925-1926. lived scientist-forester N. K. Vekhov: (Forest-steppe experimental breeding station, village of Lamskoye) // Materials of the Code of Monuments of History and Culture of the RSFSR. Lipetsk region. - M., 1980. - S. 112-113.
• Mashkin S. I. Old parks and arboretums are valuable monuments of nature / S. I. Mashkin, V. I. Danilov // Nature of the Lipetsk region and its protection. - Voronezh, 1970. - S. 133-144.
• Vekhov N. And the lilac rages again ...: Forest-steppe experimental breeding station: yesterday and today / N. Vekhov // Floriculture. - 2004. - No. 3. - S. 14, 15, 16.
• Vekhov N. In the man-made forest: [history and modern. state of LOSS] / N. Vekhov; ph. N. Vekhov // Science and life. - 2017. - No. 4. - S. 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111. - (Face to face with nature).
• Ivashchenko L.V. The origin of the LOSS dendroflora and its significance / L. V. Ivashchenko // Natural sciences: materials of the final conf. for 1994 / LGPU. - Issue. 3. - Lipetsk, 1995. - S. 26-27.
• Kuzmin M.K. Trees and shrubs of the Forest-Steppe Experimental Breeding Station / M.K. Kuzmin. - Voronezh: Central Black Earth Book Publishing House, 1969. - 115 p.

Trips to flower places for plant lovers are always special and welcome activities. This is both joy and pleasure and benefit: traveling, getting to know amazing places and nature, admiring the beauty of plants, studying rich flora, acquiring new plants for your garden.

Our club of flower growers "Flora" will soon turn 20 years old (in May 2014). Already twice we went to the Kingdom of Lilacs - Meshcherka!
I want to tell the readers of the site site about this wonderful place and about the creation of the Forest-Steppe Experimental Breeding Station (LOSS), which in the coming year 2014, at the beginning of summer, celebrates its 90th anniversary.

Creation of the Forest-Steppe Experimental Breeding Station

The Meshcherskaya Forest-Steppe Experimental Breeding Station is located in a high place of the Central Russian Upland, in the north-west of the Lipetsk Region, between the villages of Meshcherka and Barsukovo.
LOSS was created on the basis of an arboretum on the estate of Dmitry Dmitrievich Artsybashev, a hereditary nobleman, Court Councilor, Knight of the Orders of St. Stanislav and St. Anna. This man deservedly received all the ranks and regalia, for he was an outstanding organizer and talented scientist in the field of Agriculture, breeding and acclimatization of ornamental crops.

European-educated, multilingual, interested in dendrology D.D. Artsybashev, even before the revolution, traveled almost the whole world, studying ornamental trees and shrubs, collecting collections of various plants.
As a dendrologist professor he was interested in valuable breeds woody plants transferred from areas with other soil and climatic conditions, their subsequent extensive testing and selection in order to be included in the range of plants recommended for landscaping.
Amazing, but pre-revolutionary Russia government gave great importance this kind of activity. Special attention applied to the intensification of agriculture. Huge funds were allocated for the purchase of samples of advanced agricultural equipment abroad, in which D.D. Artsybashev understood like no one else.

In 1924, the Artsybashev estate was nationalized. But the valuable arboretum was preserved, and the Forest-Steppe Experimental Breeding Station was created on its basis.
When organizing the LOSS, the main task was set: the introduction and acclimatization of the most valuable representatives foreign dendroflora in order to enrich the species composition of plantations .
He headed the created station N.K. Vekhov is a student of Artsybashev, a talented scientist, arborist, breeder, who led the Loss of Russia for 30 years. This period, thanks to the contribution of N.K. Vekhov, became the heyday of the station both in the experimental and environmental fields, and in the field of scientific achievements. The main plots were established (introduction nursery, arboretum, tuyetum, fruticetum, square, experimental forest crops), the park was replenished with large-sized seedlings.

D.D. Artsybashev at first fit well into the new post-revolutionary scientific life, although the noble origin made itself felt. At first, N.I. helped him. Vavilov (at one time Artsybashev was even his deputy), but subsequently their relationship became seriously complicated.
In 1942, Artsybashev was arrested on false charges. Fate decreed that he ended up in the same Saratov prison where N.I. had already been. Vavilov. Soon they both died in the prison hospital...

In 1959 D.D. Artsybashev was rehabilitated, but his name and good deeds never became widely known. Although in terms of the scale of his personality and his services to the Fatherland, he is not inferior to others famous people that time.

From 1960 to 1986 V.L. Romanova.
From December 1986 to the present (beginning of 2014), A.I. Minaev.

Modern tasks and collection of plants LOSS

The main types of modern research and production activities of LOSS are: the introduction and acclimatization of the most valuable, rare and promising species of trees and shrubs for landscaping, testing and studying them in forest-steppe conditions, developing methods for seed and vegetative propagation of plants.

To successfully fulfill its tasks, the Forest-Steppe Station has established links with 95 botanical gardens in 32 non-CIS countries, as well as with 58 botanical gardens in Russia and neighboring countries.

The LOSS structure includes a production department and a science department.
The area of ​​the experimental breeding station is now 542 hectares; 379 hectares are occupied by the production nursery.

The production department includes:
- department of seed reproduction: deciduous trees and shrubs, picking for growing in schools;
- department of vegetative propagation: flowering shrubs, forms of thuja occidentalis and juniper in conditions of artificial fog;
- department of floriculture: cultivation of perennials (, etc.);
- formation department: growing seedlings and rooted green cuttings of deciduous and coniferous plants.

The collection of LOSS plants includes 1186 species, 129 forms, 202 varieties, 163 varieties, 118 hybrids of trees and shrubs originating from the northern regions of Europe, Asia, and North America.

But, above all, the Forest-Steppe Station is the Lilac Kingdom!
Now the local collection includes 96 varieties, of which 16 varieties are bred here.
Huge contribution L.A. made the selection of amazing ones. Kolesnikov and N.K. Vekhov.

Another flowering and beloved by many gardeners shrub - which is also presented here big stake lecture of 38 varieties.

An extensive and valuable collection of LOSS plants is an elite gene pool of ornamental crops, is the property and pride of Russia.
In 1996, by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, a dendrological park of federal significance was established on the basis of the Forest-Steppe Experimental Breeding Station, and a protected protection regime was established in order to preserve a unique collection of plants. Its special part is 102 species of rare and endangered plants listed in the Red Book.

The LOSS dendrological collection is the main object of long-term observations of introduced plants - their winter hardiness, growth and reproductive ability (flowering, fruiting) are being studied for further mass reproduction with subsequent implementation in landscaping.
Trees and shrubs of the arboretum are used as mother stock to obtain planting material for popular ornamental plants. Therefore, some propagated plants from the LOSS collection can be purchased, and even delivered.

The forest-steppe station annually offers a wide range of planting material for landscaping residential areas, creating parks and squares, replenishing the collections of botanical gardens:
- deciduous shrubs - 150 items;
- deciduous trees - 20 species;
- coniferous seedlings - about 50-60 species, forms, varieties;
- flower crops - 30 species.

Excursions are conducted around the territory of LOSS, allowing you to learn a lot of new things, admire a variety of plants and picturesque landscapes.

Antonina Balabanova, chairman of the flower growers' club "Flora" (Novosil, Oryol region)

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Description

To replenish the permanent collection, LOSS maintains exchange links with 24 botanical gardens of the CIS countries, 30 botanical gardens in Russia, with 106 botanical gardens foreign countries. For relations with domestic and foreign botanical gardens, the station annually produces delectus, seeds are collected annually and sent to botanical gardens, orders are made according to lists from other botanical gardens. The station constantly takes part in various exhibitions of Russian and international scale. In 1996, by a Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, a dendrological park of federal significance was established on the basis of the Loss of Russia, a protected protection regime was established in order to preserve a unique collection of plants, it was given the status of a specially protected area, subordinate to the State Construction Committee of Russia. Since 1998, the head of the arboretum is A.I. Minaeva.

Arboretum characteristics

Plants in the arboretum are located according to the botanical and geographical principle: divisions of the dendroflora of Europe, northern and temperate regions of Asia and North America. The entire territory of LOSS is planted with birches, larches, and other species, creating a reliable "green fence". The arboretum is surrounded by a hedge of spruce, which is many years old. In order to endure the lack of moisture, retain snow and structure the soil at the station, the station is sown with oats and seedlings of maple annuals are planted, as they are resistant to local conditions. The arboretum consists of:

• deciduous shrubs - 150 items;
• coniferous seedlings 50 - 60 species, forms, varieties;
• deciduous trees - 20 species;
• flower crops - 30 varieties.

Some types of plants that grow in the park

Direction of activity

• introduction, selection and reproduction of especially valuable relict and highly ornamental trees, shrubs and perennial flower plants;
• phenological observations;
• creation of mother liquors of introduced and reproduced plants;
• exchange of seeds with botanical gardens of the CIS and other countries;
• growing and introducing into landscaping sustainable highly ornamental plants that have been tested in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone.

Company structure

• Production Department
• Department of Science

Directions

On the M4 highway in the direction from Moscow to Voronezh, get to the stop of the village of Babarykino, Stanovlyansky district, Lipetsk region, turn right onto Lamskoye and drive 15 km, then turn left from the village and drive 10 km to the village of Barsukovo.

Address and website

• Russia, Lipetsk region, Stanovlyansky district, village Barsukovo
• Official site:

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Literature

• Dendrological park / / Astakhov V.V. reserved nature Lipetsk region: at the turn of the millennium / V. V. Astakhov, Yu. V. Dyukarev, V. S. Sarychev. - Lipetsk, 2000. - S. 66 - 74.
• Vekhov N. K., Vekhov V. N. conifers forest-steppe station(results of the introduction). - M: Min. sat down household RSFSR, 1962. - 250 p.

Notes

Links

An excerpt characterizing the Meshchersky Arboretum

Pierre wanted to say that he was not averse to donations either in money, or peasants, or himself, but that one would have to know the state of affairs in order to help him, but he could not speak. Many voices shouted and spoke together, so that Ilya Andreevich did not have time to nod to everyone; and the group grew larger, disintegrated, again converged and moved all, humming in conversation, into the large hall, to the large table. Pierre not only failed to speak, but he was rudely interrupted, pushed away, turned away from him, as from a common enemy. This did not happen because they were dissatisfied with the meaning of his speech - it was forgotten after a large number speeches that followed it - but to inspire the crowd, it was necessary to have a tangible object of love and a tangible object of hatred. Pierre became the last. Many speakers spoke after the animated nobleman, and all spoke in the same tone. Many spoke beautifully and originally.
The publisher of the Russian messenger Glinka, who was recognized (“writer, writer!” was heard in the crowd), said that hell should reflect hell, that he saw a child smiling at the flash of lightning and thunder, but that we will not be this child.
- Yes, yes, with thunder! - repeated approvingly in the back rows.
The crowd approached a large table, at which, in uniforms, in ribbons, gray-haired, bald, seventy-year-old nobles were sitting old men, whom Pierre had seen almost all of them, at home with jesters and in clubs outside of Boston. The crowd approached the table without ceasing to buzz. One after the other, and sometimes two together, pressed from behind to the high backs of chairs by an advancing crowd, spoke the orators. Those standing behind noticed what the speaker did not finish, and they hurried to say what they missed. Others, in this heat and tightness, fumbled in their heads to see if there was any thought, and hurried to speak it. The old nobles familiar to Pierre sat and looked back at one or the other, and the expression of most of them only said that they were very hot. Pierre, however, felt excited, and the general feeling of a desire to show that we didn’t care about anything, expressed more in sounds and facial expressions than in the sense of speeches, was also communicated to him. He did not renounce his thoughts, but he felt guilty about something and wanted to justify himself.
“I only said that it would be more convenient for us to make donations when we know what we need,” he said, trying to outshout other voices.
One nearby old man looked back at him, but was immediately distracted by a shout that began on the other side of the table.
Yes, Moscow will be surrendered! She will be a redeemer! one shouted.
He is the enemy of mankind! shouted another. “Let me speak… Gentlemen, you are crushing me…”

At that moment, Count Rostopchin, in a general's uniform, with a ribbon over his shoulder, with his protruding chin and quick eyes, entered with quick steps in front of the parting crowd of nobles.
- Sovereign Emperor will be here now, - said Rostopchin, - I have just come from there. I believe that in the position we are in, there is not much to judge. The sovereign deigned to gather us and the merchants, - said Count Rostopchin. “Millions will pour out from there (he pointed to the merchants’ hall), and our business is to set up a militia and not spare ourselves ... This is the least we can do!
Meetings began between some nobles who were sitting at the table. The entire meeting passed more than quietly. It even seemed sad when, after all the previous noise, old voices were heard one by one, saying one: “I agree”, another for a change: “I am of the same opinion”, etc.
The secretary was ordered to write a decree of the Moscow nobility that Muscovites, like the Smolensk people, donate ten people out of a thousand and full uniforms. The gentlemen in the meeting got up, as if relieved, rattled their chairs and went around the hall to stretch their legs, taking some by the arm and talking.
- Sovereign! Sovereign! - suddenly spread through the halls, and the whole crowd rushed to the exit.
On a wide course, between the wall of the nobles, the sovereign passed into the hall. All faces showed respectful and frightened curiosity. Pierre stood quite far away and could not quite hear the sovereign's speech. He understood only, from what he heard, that the sovereign spoke of the danger in which the state was, and of the hopes that he placed on the Muscovite nobility. The sovereign was answered by another voice, announcing the decision of the nobility that had just taken place.
- Lord! - said the trembling voice of the sovereign; the crowd rustled and again fell silent, and Pierre clearly heard the so pleasantly human and touched voice of the sovereign, who said: - I never doubted the zeal of the Russian nobility. But on this day, it exceeded my expectations. I thank you on behalf of the fatherland. Gentlemen, let's act - time is more precious than anything ...
The sovereign fell silent, the crowd began to crowd around him, and enthusiastic exclamations were heard from all sides.
“Yes, the most precious thing is ... the royal word,” the voice of Ilya Andreevich spoke from behind, sobbing, who did not hear anything, but understood everything in his own way.
From the hall of the nobility the sovereign passed into the hall of the merchant class. He stayed there for about ten minutes. Pierre, among others, saw the sovereign leaving the hall of the merchants with tears of tenderness in his eyes. As they later found out, the sovereign had just begun a speech to the merchants, as tears splashed from his eyes, and he finished it in a trembling voice. When Pierre saw the sovereign, he went out, accompanied by two merchants. One was familiar to Pierre, a fat farmer, the other was a head, with a thin, narrow-bearded, yellow face. Both of them were crying. The thin one was in tears, but the fat farmer sobbed like a child, and kept repeating:
- And take life and property, your majesty!
At that moment, Pierre felt nothing but a desire to show that everything was nothing to him and that he was ready to sacrifice everything. His speech with a constitutional direction seemed to him like a reproach; he was looking for an opportunity to make amends. Upon learning that Count Mamonov was donating the regiment, Bezukhov immediately announced to Count Rostopchin that he was giving away a thousand people and their maintenance.
Old man Rostov could not tell his wife what had happened without tears, and immediately agreed to Petya's request and went himself to record it.
The next day the sovereign left. All the assembled nobles took off their uniforms, again settled in their houses and clubs and, groaning, gave orders to the managers about the militia, and were surprised at what they had done.

Napoleon started the war with Russia because he could not help coming to Dresden, he could not help being misled by honors, he could not help but put on a Polish uniform, he could not help but succumb to the enterprising impression of a June morning, he could not refrain from a flash of anger in the presence of Kurakin and then Balashev.
Alexander refused all negotiations because he personally felt offended. Barclay de Tolly tried to manage the army in the best possible way in order to fulfill his duty and earn the glory of the great commander. Rostov rode to attack the French because he could not resist the desire to ride on a level field. And so precisely, due to their personal characteristics, habits, conditions and goals, all those innumerable persons who participated in this war acted. They were afraid, conceited, rejoiced, indignant, reasoned, believing that they knew what they were doing and what they were doing for themselves, and all were involuntary tools of history and carried out work hidden from them, but understandable to us. Such is the unchanging fate of all practical workers, and the more they are placed in the human hierarchy, it is not freer.
Now the figures of 1812 have long since left their places, their personal interests have vanished without a trace, and alone historical results that time before us.
But suppose that the people of Europe, under the leadership of Napoleon, had to go into the depths of Russia and die there, and all the self-contradictory, senseless, cruel activity of the people - participants in this war, becomes understandable to us.
Providence forced all these people, striving to achieve their personal goals, to contribute to the fulfillment of one huge result, about which not a single person (neither Napoleon, nor Alexander, nor even less any of the participants in the war) had the slightest expectation.
Now it is clear to us what was the cause of death in 1812 French army. No one will argue that the cause of the death of Napoleon's French troops was, on the one hand, their entry at a later time without preparation for a winter campaign deep into Russia, and on the other hand, the character that the war assumed from the burning of Russian cities and inciting hatred for the enemy in the Russian people. But then, not only did no one foresee the fact (which now seems obvious) that only in this way could the eight hundred thousandth, the best in the world and led by the best commander, die in a collision with twice as weak, inexperienced and led by inexperienced commanders - the Russian army; Not only did no one foresee this, but all efforts on the part of the Russians were constantly directed towards preventing that which alone could save Russia, and on the part of the French, despite the experience and so-called military genius of Napoleon, all efforts were directed towards this. to stretch out to Moscow at the end of the summer, that is, to do the very thing that was supposed to destroy them.
In historical writings about 1812, French authors are very fond of talking about how Napoleon felt the danger of stretching his line, how he was looking for battles, how his marshals advised him to stop in Smolensk, and give other similar arguments proving that then they already seemed to understand there was the danger of the campaign; and Russian authors are even more fond of talking about how, from the beginning of the campaign, there was a plan for the Scythian war to lure Napoleon into the depths of Russia, and they attribute this plan to some Pful, some to some Frenchman, some to Tolya, some to Emperor Alexander himself, pointing to notes, projects and letters that actually contain hints of this course of action. But all these allusions to the foresight of what happened, both on the part of the French and on the part of the Russians, are now put forward only because the event justified them. If the event had not taken place, then these hints would have been forgotten, just as thousands and millions of opposite hints and assumptions are now forgotten, which were in use then, but turned out to be unjust and therefore forgotten. There are always so many assumptions about the outcome of each occurring event that, no matter how it ends, there will always be people who will say: “I said then that it would be so,” completely forgetting that among the countless assumptions there were made and completely opposite.
Assumptions about Napoleon's consciousness of the danger of stretching the line on the part of the Russians - about luring the enemy into the depths of Russia - obviously belong to this category, and historians can only at a great stretch attribute such considerations to Napoleon and his marshals and such plans to Russian military leaders. All facts completely contradict such assumptions. Not only during the entire war, the Russians had no desire to lure the French into the depths of Russia, but everything was done to stop them from their first entry into Russia, and not only Napoleon was not afraid of stretching his line, but he was glad how triumph, every step forward and very lazily, not like in his previous campaigns, he looked for battles.

Do you want me to show you real paradise? Then welcome to the former estate of the Artsybashevs, better known today as the Meshchersky Arboretum! In the spring, hundreds of varieties of decorative lilacs of all colors and shades bloom here, in the summer you can plunge into the shady world of thousands rare plants, and in the cold season you can walk here for hours, enjoying the picturesque landscapes and evergreens.

Few people know that the beginning of the Meshchersky arboretum was given by a small manor park. It belonged to the plant scientist Dmitry Artsybashev, who brought rare varieties of trees and plants to his estate and began to grow them on the territory of the modern Lipetsk region. In the arboretum, an old building, similar to a manor house, has been preserved. However, today, documents confirming her status have not been found. Entwined with greenery, it looks mysterious and romantic.

Let's take a walk with you around the Meshchersky Arboretum! We'll see rare trees, beautiful flowers and the famous communist phrase "written" by beautiful blue firs.

By the way: I have already begun to think about organizing an excursion to the Lipetsk Region for passengers of the Manor Express in May 2018 with a visit to the Meshchersky Arboretum. We will admire blooming lilac amazingly beautiful and unusual shades, and then we will explore the sights of the Lipetsk region. In addition, our tourists may be allowed to freely walk around the entire territory of the arboretum. Would you like to visit such an excursion?

The village of Barsukovo, Stanovlyansky district, is definitely worth a visit for all lovers beautiful plants. After all, it is here that the famous Meshchersky arboretum is located - the largest forest-steppe experimental breeding station in Russia. It was created on the basis of the former estate of the prominent plant scientist Dmitry Artsybashev.

Dendrologist D.D. Artsybashev at the end of the 19th century, in his estate in the village of Barsukovo, Efremovsky district, Tula province, founded a collection that eventually became an arboretum. The village of Barsukovo itself is located on the left bank of the Lokotets River opposite the village of Meshcherka. In the XVIII century, this territory was part of the parish of the Church of the Savior, built in 1788.

The owners of the estate in the village of Barsukovo, the Artsybashevs, are a noble family known since the 16th century. In 1636, Philip Petrov Artsybashev owned. It is not known exactly how the estate in Barsukovo near the village of Bogoroditskoye-Lokotsy was acquired. In the middle of the 19th century, the estate belonged to Nikolai Aleksandrovich Artsybashev.

Dmitry Dmitrievich Artsybashev was born on March 31, 1873 in Moscow. He also had a sister, Nadezhda, who later became an artist. The childhood of Dmitry and Nadezhda passed on Losiny Island, where the Artsybashevs lived.

In 1891 D.D. Artsybashev graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow University for three years and transferred to the Moscow Agricultural Institute, and from 1897 he took up applied botany. He was fascinated by the idea of ​​acclimatization of exotic trees and shrubs in Russia. In 1901, he moved to St. Petersburg, where he combined work in the Academic Committee of the Main Directorate with teaching at the Higher Agricultural Courses.

Dmitry Dmitrievich Artsybashev became one of the largest specialists in ornamental gardening and floriculture. He was a professor at the Taurida University and Kharkov Agricultural Institute. He founded the experimental station "Meshcherskaya" for the introduction of plants. In 1937 he was repressed.

D.D. Artsybashev knew several foreign languages, and was often abroad - in the USA, Canada, many European countries. All this time, he studied the experience of acclimatization in Russia of plant exotics - first conifers: pine, fir, douglas, arborvitae; then deciduous: velvets, nuts, chestnuts, maples, beeches. He uses his experience on his father's estate in the village of Barsukovo.

Usually tourists are not allowed to go deep into the arboretum and are only allowed to walk along the main alley where lilacs grow.

It is interesting to visit the Meshchersky Arboretum at any time of the year. The arboretum includes many unique plants, including evergreens.

In the Meshchersky Arboretum, by prior arrangement, you can visit an excursion, as well as purchase high-quality seedlings of many plant species.

The hallmark of the Meshchersky Arboretum is its the richest collection lilacs of various varieties. Here you can find lilacs of the most outlandish shapes and colors. That is why most tourists tend to come to Barsukovo in May.

Since 1900, tree and shrub species and flower crops have been actively planted in Barsukovo. Dmitry Artsybashev wrote: "One of the main goals in the Tula acclimatization station, and partly mine personally, was and is the possible wide distribution of uterine, precisely established (in the botanical sense) specimens in suitable areas. But wide propaganda and the introduction of exotics will only be possible when we have our own seed plantations, or at least groups of seed plants with well-established pedigrees and passports. This rule results primarily from the very high cost of foreign seeds, which has now reached downright curious limits.

After the revolution of 1917, the authorities managed to save the estate and the economy. Work at the station, by a happy coincidence, continued. And Dmitry Dmitrievich Artsybashev took an active part in this.

After 1924 D.D. Artsybashev did not visit the estate, it was not safe, as repressions began against the former owners.

From 1925 to 1926, D.D. lived in the manor house and continued to work. Artsybasheva, scientist-forester, dendrologist, doctor of agricultural sciences, professor Nikolai Kuzmich Vekhov. He occupied the main part of the house - three rooms, an office and a kitchen.

The manor house has survived to our time. This is a one-story wooden building on a stone foundation under a hip roof with an open veranda protruding from the main southern facade. From the east, an extension was made to the main building, in which there were a vestibule and pantries, and under them a cellar.

Manor house plan.

Estate plan.

And this is a unique living inscription made exactly 50 years ago.

40.