The name of the details Actions of parts and mechanisms of PM when cartridges are used up. Will the Makarov pistol be replaced with a more powerful model
General device and operation of parts and mechanisms. The pistol is simple in design and handling, small in size, comfortable to carry and always ready for action. A pistol is a self-loading weapon, since it is automatically reloaded during firing. The operation of the automatic pistol is based on the principle of using the recoil of a free shutter . The shutter with the barrel has no clutch. The reliability of locking the bore during firing is achieved by a large mass of the shutter and force return spring. Due to the presence in the pistol of a self-cocking trigger mechanism of the trigger type, it is possible to quickly open fire by directly pressing the tail of the trigger without first cocking the trigger.
The safety of handling the gun is ensured by a reliable safety lock. The pistol has a safety located on the left side of the slide. In addition, the trigger automatically becomes safety cocked under the action of the mainspring after the trigger is released (the "hang up" trigger) and when the trigger is released.
After the trigger is released, the trigger rod under the action of a narrow feather of the mainspring will move to the rear extreme position. The cocking lever and the sear will go down, the sear will press against the trigger under the action of its spring, and the trigger will automatically engage the safety cock.
To fire a shot, you must press the trigger with your index finger. The trigger at the same time strikes the drummer, which breaks the primer of the cartridge. As a result, it ignites powder charge and formed a large number of powder gases. Bullet pressure of powder gases is ejected from the bore. The shutter under the pressure of gases transmitted through the bottom of the sleeve moves back, holding the sleeve with the ejector and compressing the return spring. The sleeve, upon meeting with the reflector, is thrown out through the shutter window, and the trigger becomes cocked.
Moving back to failure, the shutter under the action of the return spring returns forward. When moving forward, the bolt sends a cartridge from the magazine into the chamber. The bore is locked by a blowback; the gun is ready to fire again.
To fire the next shot, you must release the trigger, and then press it again. So the shooting will be carried out until the cartridges in the store are completely used up.
When all the cartridges from the magazine are used up, the shutter becomes on the shutter delay and remains in the rear position.
The main parts of the PM and their purpose
PM consists of the following main parts and mechanisms:
- frame with barrel and trigger guard;
- bolt with striker, ejector and fuse;
- return spring;
- shock- trigger mechanism(a trigger, a sear with a spring, a trigger, a trigger rod with a cocking lever, a mainspring and a mainspring valve);
- screw handle;
- shutter delay;
- shop.
Frame serves to connect all parts of the gun.
Trunk serves to direct the flight of the bullet.
trigger guard serves to protect the tail of the trigger from inadvertent pressing.
Drummer serves to break the capsule.
Fuse serves to ensure safe handling of the pistol.
The shop serves to hold eight rounds.
The shop consists of:
- Store cases (connects all parts of the store).
- Submitter (used to supply cartridges).
- Feeder springs (serves to feed up the feeder with cartridges).
- Magazine covers (Closes the store.)
Trigger pull with cocking lever serves to release the trigger from the cocking and cock the trigger when the trigger is pressed on the tail.
Action spring serves to actuate the trigger, cocking lever and trigger pull.
Disassembly and assembly of small arms and grenade launchers.
Disassembly may be incomplete or complete. Partial disassembly is carried out for cleaning, lubricating and inspecting weapons, complete - for cleaning when the weapon is heavily soiled, after being exposed to rain or snow, when switching to a new lubricant, as well as during repairs.Frequent complete disassembly of weapons is not allowed, as it accelerates the wear of parts and mechanisms.
When disassembling and assembling weapons, the following rules must be observed:
- disassembly and assembly should be carried out on a table or bench, and in the field - on a clean bedding;
- put parts and mechanisms in the order of disassembly, handle them carefully, avoid excessive efforts and sharp blows;
- when assembling, pay attention to the numbering of parts so as not to confuse them with parts of other weapons.
Order incomplete disassembly PM:
- Remove the magazine from the base of the handle.
- Put the shutter on the shutter delay and check the presence of a cartridge in the chamber.
- Separate the shutter from the frame.
- Remove the return spring from the barrel.
Reassemble the gun after incomplete disassembly in reverse order.
Check the correct assembly of the pistol after incomplete disassembly.
Turn off the fuse (lower the flag down). Move the shutter to the rear position and release it. The shutter, having moved forward a little, becomes on the shutter delay and remains in the rear position. By pressing the thumb of your right hand on the shutter delay, release the shutter. The bolt under the action of the return spring should vigorously return to the forward position, and the trigger should be cocked. Turn on the fuse (raise the flag up). The trigger should break off the combat platoon and block.
Full disassembly procedure:
- Perform partial disassembly.
- Disassemble frame:
- separate the sear and slide delay from the frame.
- separate the handle from the base of the handle and the mainspring from the frame.
- separate the trigger from the frame.
- separate the trigger rod with the cocking lever from the frame.
- separate the trigger from the frame.
- Disassemble shutter:
- separate the fuse from the shutter;
- separate the drummer from the bolt;
- separate the ejector from the shutter.
- Dismantle shop:
- remove the magazine cover;
- remove the feeder spring;
- take out the dispenser.
Assembly is carried out in reverse order.
Check the correct operation of parts and mechanisms after assembly.
Delays when firing from PM
| Delays | Reasons for delays | Ways to eliminate delays |
| 1. MISSION. The shutter is in the extreme forward position, the trigger is released, but the shot did not occur |
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| 2. UNCLOSING THE CHUCK WITH THE SHUTTER. The shutter stopped before reaching the extreme forward position, the trigger cannot be released |
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| 3. NON-FEEDING OR NON-ADVANCE OF THE CHAMBER FROM THE STORE TO THE CHAMBER. The shutter is in the extreme forward position, but there is no cartridge in the chamber, the shutter has stopped in the middle position along with the cartridge, without sending it into the chamber |
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| 4. TAKING (INTERPRESSION) OF THE SLEEVE BY THE SHUTTER. The sleeve was not thrown out through the window in the bolt and wedged between the bolt and the breech section of the barrel |
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| 5. AUTOMATIC SHOOTING. |
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Makarov pistol, the combat analogue of which was developed back in Soviet time, is successfully operated in Russia, as well as in some other countries to this day. The model has a number of parameters that make it beneficial to use. For example, this is the performance characteristics of the Makarov pistol. With the simplicity of the design and its reliability, the PM has fairly good performance characteristics. Let's list them.
Tactical and technical characteristics
A fully equipped Makarov pistol will weigh a little less than a kilogram. More precisely, 810 grams. The mass of the discharged model will be equal to 730 grams. The length of the Makarov pistol is 161.5 mm. At the same time, the length of the barrel from this entire part is more than half: 93.5 mm. The width of the Makarov pistol is 30.5 mm. And the height is 126.75 mm.
Caliber
Makarov pistol caliber - 9x18. This is known to anyone who has gone through elementary military training. The caliber of the Makarov pistol is, one might say, standard for such weapons, which, in principle, is quite expected. In general, the operation of the pistol is based on a free shutter. The combat rate of fire of the weapon is 30 rounds per minute. The bullet, flying along the barrel, at the exit has a speed of 315 meters per second. The range at which it is possible to effectively produce an aimed shot does not exceed 50 meters. And the maximum range of a bullet is 350 meters. At this distance, it still retains its lethal effect. The PM magazine is designed for an ammunition load of 8 rounds. The caliber was discussed earlier. Makarov pistol cartridge uses 9 mm caliber. Perhaps this is all you need to know now. There are, of course, extended TTX pistol Makarov. But they will not be discussed in this article.
History of weapons
The history of PM begins in the period of the Great Patriotic War. The competition, the conditions of which were the development of a new pistol, started in 1945. According to the designers of that time, the old TT, which used a 7.62 rifle caliber cartridge, had already outlived its usefulness. The troops often complained that the TT was quite large, and also did not fit in terms of its reliability parameters and characteristics. At the same time, the performance characteristics of the Makarov pistol needed to be improved as much as possible, but not at the expense of its ease of use.
Choice between calibers
An interesting fact is that it was originally intended to use weapons with 7.65 caliber cartridges. Orientation was also set for the use of a pistol in the event of an emergency at short distances. At the same time, prohibitive power was not required from the PMA. In the end, it turned out new caliber. We are talking about 9x18. In terms of its characteristics, it was very, very close to both the German “ultra” that was used in the “Walter PP” pistol, and to the 9-mm “short” Browning.
Many designers took part in the competition, among which were the most famous at that time. These are Tokarev, Simonov, Voevodin. But not only professionals in their field decided to design a new weapon that was supposed to go into service with the troops for military personnel Soviet Union. N.F. Makarov, then little known to someone, took part in the development of the new model. originally from Tula. And his sample, in the end, was recognized as the best. The Makarov pistol, the price of which is several thousand, quickly gained fame in Soviet troops where it was placed in 1951.
Setting up for production
The serial production of weapons was carried out with the help of the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant. Mass production of the model began in 1949. Significant changes have not yet been made to production, although, if they can be called that, local adjustments were nevertheless made to the process, of course. It is noteworthy that at the same time as the 9 mm model, an analog was tested that used 7.5 mm caliber cartridges. However, preference was still given to the first model, due to its better technical characteristics. The 9-mm Makarov pistol, the price of which at that time was acceptable for production, is used as an element of individual equipment in the ranks of the Russian army and internal affairs bodies at the present time.
Purpose and design
The purpose of the Makarov pistol lies in the destruction of enemy manpower or its neutralization. In general, the standard purpose for the model firearms. But this is if we talk about the gunshot counterpart. Currently, there are traumatic and signal, gas models of PM, which have a slightly different purpose. Now let's talk about what was the basis of the design of the world-famous pistol.
The design of the Makarov pistol is partially borrowed from German pistol"Walter PP". In this case, the automation of the action is ensured by the recoil of the shutter. The casing completely covers the barrel. By the way, a return spring is put on it, the purpose of which in this system should be clear. To be able to manually recharge, a special notch is made on the shutter. It takes place in the back, made from two sides at once.
The ejector is mounted behind the shutter window, in the bosom of the casing, in its upper right part. The percussion mechanism is built on the principle of using a trigger. He has open type, uses a double mainspring. It is located in the handle, right behind the ammo magazine. By the way, the lower bend in the mainspring allows you to simultaneously snap the store. The trigger has two platoons: combat and safety.
At the end of the trigger pull is the cocking lever. It also plays the role of an uncoupler. A special tooth, which is present in the design of the trigger, is necessary in order to fire with a parallel self-cocking. The device of the Makarov pistol in its very first models assumed the presence of a large free play. When conducting high-speed fire, this led to the fact that the aiming was significantly lost. However, some improvements made it possible to quickly and efficiently deal with the disadvantage.
Protection system
The flag-type fuse is located to the left of the shutter, in its rear rear part. When in the up position, it allows you to lock the trigger. And at the same time, it locks the frame and shutter together. The design of the Makarov pistol, although based on the German "Walther PP", was well developed by Soviet engineers. It is enough to take into account the design of the fuse. Its operation has become much more reliable. Also, such a mechanism was more convenient for performing wrist movements, since it is always more convenient to transfer from the “up” to the “down” position than to do it the other way around.
The most convenient way to switch weapons is with your thumb. Thus, we can conclude that the safety system, well developed and implemented by Soviet weapons designers, made it possible to use the Makarov pistol with just one hand. The performance characteristics of the Makarov pistol, as mentioned earlier, include the range aimed shooting. It is equal to 50 meters and is carried out using the simplest sighting devices. They are located on the gate.
Lever
The magazine is located in the pistol grip. It is designed for 8 rounds of 9x18 caliber. To find out what the fullness of the store is, the side windows made in its body allow. If the cartridges are over, the feeder, built into the design of the pistol, will raise the slide delay. Its protrusion simultaneously plays the role of a reflector, which is included in the case when the used cartridge case is ejected. The inclination of the handle of the weapon is a little more than 100 degrees. 102 to be exact. It also has cheeks that are made of plastic. This is a single piece that is attached with screws to the frame. Below, on the left side of the handle, you can see the bracket. It is designed to fasten the belt. A PM holster is provided for carrying the pistol.
Almost at the very beginning, it was said that the Makarov pistol became a favorite among the military, replacing the morally and physically obsolete TT. The reason for this is the improved performance characteristics. AND we are talking not about one-sided shooting characteristics, but also about dimensions. The new cartridge became the basis for obtaining the advantage. It was much shorter in length. But a parallel increase in the caliber of the cartridge made it possible to prevent the lethal action from falling.
Advantages
The assembly of the Makarov pistol is reliable. And the design is more cunning and simpler, which makes it possible to respond to actions and open fire much faster than from the same TT. Due to the presence in the design of the self-cocking trigger mechanism, the PM, in comparison with the TT, has a higher rate of fire. Parts of the Makarov pistol have become the main reason that makes the weapon unique in its kind. The barrel of the gun is stationary. But the descent warnings built into the device make it possible for the shooter to fire more accurately. Like the legendary Kalashnikov assault rifle, the PM is famous for its resistance to a wide variety of meteorological conditions. Free shutter allows semi-automatic firing.
The lever safety allows the pistol to be positioned as an extremely reliable model. In general, there are no problems with the safety of use. Complete with a pistol for military personnel, a holster for PM is also supplied, designed for storage and transportation during service.
So, what are the main features and advantages of a pistol? It is quite simple in its technical device. During operation, any shooter will note increased convenience. You can disassemble the model and assemble it back for the most a short time. Moreover, it is not necessary to use any third-party tools for this. A simple design provides, by the way, not only the reliability of use, but also the savings required for serial factory production.
The gun is finished on the basis of non-reflective technologies. The paint is black and Brown. The external parts of the weapon look “licked”. However, this is by no means a minus, but an undoubted advantage, since in this way they acquire an extremely convenient form for operation. Dimensions, weight, other overall data allow you to use the gun in case of appropriate situations with maximum efficiency and convenience. Mass production has been improved by manufacturability.
Advantages and disadvantages
During the modification of the axle model, a number of parts were replaced with trunnions. And this made it possible to simplify, reduce the time of assembly, as well as disassembly of the pistol. This is very important, especially for military weapons. But still, no one canceled the law of conservation of energy, so the reduction in size, the reduction in dimensions affected the combat qualities of the weapon. So, the shortened barrel caused a fairly large spread. Together with a low-power cartridge, low accuracy appeared. Even at relatively short distances, accuracy is low. So, with a firing range of 50 meters, the dispersion can be 16 centimeters from the center. Although the design was finalized, they could not be completed, since the PM began to be positioned as a weapon of peacetime, and most of the attention was transferred to other models.
The police modification was never developed and released. And this led to the fact that the standard model was adopted by the internal affairs bodies. And here all the shortcomings of a pistol as a weapon became as sensitive as possible. In army conditions, the standard holster was comfortable. But for employees of the Ministry of the Interior, this way of wearing turned out to be unacceptable. In a real firefight, the holster greatly interfered with the use of a pistol. But in order to eliminate this shortcoming, appropriate measures were taken. They made it possible to equip the police with special holsters for the PM, which are designed to be worn both under the left and under right hand. There are special hip holsters.
The Makarov pistol can be disassembled completely and not completely. The last type of assembly-dismantling is carried out in order to clean the weapon, lubricate it and inspect it. Complete disassembly may be required if heavily soiled. Suppose a situation arose when the gun was in the snow or in the rain. You will also need to completely disassemble the weapon if you need to switch to a new lubricant. Complete disassembly will require repair.
Exercise often this procedure not recommended as it will significantly shorten the life of the weapon. Parts and mechanisms wear out a lot, and this is worth remembering. You need to understand that just disassembling is prohibited. You must use a bench or table. If the pistol disassembles field conditions, you need to have a clean (preferably) bedding. Parts and pieces must be handled with care. When disassembling, avoid impacts and excessive force, applying pressure. You should also look at the numbering of the parts. This will allow you not to confuse mechanisms with their counterparts from other weapons.
Incomplete disassembly has its own order, which we will describe further. First things first, you need to remove the store. To do this, take the pistol with your right hand by its handle. With your left hand (or rather, her thumb), you should pull the magazine latch to its rear position to failure. At the same time, it is necessary to pull off the part of the cover that protrudes with the index finger of the same hand. So you can remove the cartridge magazine from the base of the handle.
The next disassembly step is to check if there is a cartridge in the chamber. To do this, lower the fuse box down. Next, the shutter is retracted to its rearmost position with the left hand. It should be put on hold. The chamberlain is being looked at. By pressing the delay with the right thumb, after inspection, release the shutter.
It separates from the frame. Take the pistol in your right hand and hold it by the handle. In parallel, you need to pull the trigger guard down with your left hand. After it is skewed to the left, the bracket must rest against the frame so that its position becomes static. Further disassembly involves holding the bracket in this position with the help of the right index finger.
The shutter must be moved to its rear position with the help of the left hand. When this is done, the rear end will rise slightly. This ensures that it can move forward. The design helps to do this, the return spring is included in the matter. After the shutter is separated from the frame, the trigger guard returns to its original place.
The final step is to remove the return spring from the barrel. The frame is held with the right hand. At the same time, the return spring must be rotated with the left hand. Only in this way can it be removed from the barrel of the gun. Incomplete disassembly of the PM is done exactly the opposite.
Pistol analogues
As is known, currently traumatic weapon quite popular. It is worth noting that the beginning of the creation of such a means of self-defense was the need to dispose of a huge number of pistols that were in warehouses, but were no longer suitable for use in combat purposes.
Disposal was expensive, given the cost of more than just a single process. This process had to be carried out in a complex way, to do the same operation with a huge number of models. And then it was proposed to change the design of the weapon, and then sell it as a traumatic weapon for the civilian population. This idea turned out to be very successful, since the costs decreased several times, and it was even possible to make a profit from the sale of converted models.
So they began to remake TT pistols, as well as Makarov pistols. A lot of traumatic patterns this weapon exists at the present time. For example, on the arms market, if you have the relevant documents and certificates, you can purchase a Makarov traumatic pistol. Why is he good? In fact, like many of its counterparts, from the combat model it has only an appearance. The design is almost 100 percent redone. Therefore, the traumatic analogue does not differ in anything special.
Makarov's flare pistol was also redesigned from the original firearm. It is designed to intimidate the attacker. The Makarov signal pistol, unlike its traumatic version, can be bought without a permit, since it is not required by law. Documentation is required only in exceptional cases.
In battles with the fascist invaders, it turned out that the pistols with which the Red Army soldiers were armed did not have the required effectiveness. The reason for this was the weak stopping effect of the bullet. The Nagant revolver and Tokarev pistol, which were the main products of the Soviet defense industry during the war years, used 7.62 mm cartridges. Pointed bullets of this diameter did not immediately incapacitate the enemy, if vital organs were not affected.
The issue of the production of modern melee weapons was on the agenda. In 1948, the USSR Ministry of Defense announced a competition for the development of a pistol for the commanders of the Soviet Army. The designers were asked to submit a sample with a free shutter and a trigger mechanism, brought into working condition automatically. For ammunition, you must use a cartridge with a caliber of 9 mm. As a prototype, the German Walter PP pistol, created in 1929, was indicated. In the competition of gunsmiths, the product designed by N.F. Makarov won.
Kolya Makarov was born in the Tambov province in the village of Sasovo. Young years the boy spent his grandfather's family, because his father, who worked as a train driver, was not able to feed a large family. After school, the teenager studies as a locksmith and then, having received a profession, works as a repairman in railway depot. Having prepared at the workers' faculty, the young man goes to Moscow to take the entrance exams to the Bauman Technical School. One point was not enough to pass the competition.
In 1936, Nikolai Fedorovich entered the Faculty of Weapons of the Mechanical Institute in Tula. The war that began in 1941 interrupted his studies. The student is sent to work at an arms factory. In 1944, Makarov continued his studies at the institute, which he graduated with honors. Having defended his diploma, the young specialist works in research institute aviation armament in Kuntsevo. In 1946, the designer was transferred to the Tula TsKB-14.
The Makarov pistol, which won the 1948 competition, was in many ways superior to the Walter PP. The original scheme of the trigger mechanism based on automation was used. Few multifunctional parts made it easier to work with weapons, increased the reliability of the pistol when used in extreme conditions environment.
To improve the properties of the firearm, old drawings were rejected and new drawings were prepared. Hardening of the components increased the service life of the product. The gunsmith suggested the optimal technological process, which increased the efficiency and production rates.
All his life Makarov was engaged in weapons. Created under his leadership aircraft guns, missile systems "Fagot" and "Competition". The Soviet state highly noted the labor feat of Nikolai Fedorovich.
Awards awarded to N. F. Makarov:
- Title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
- Laureate Stalin Prize 3rd degree and laureate of the State Prize.
- Order of Lenin (twice).
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
- Anniversary medals in honor of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War.
The purpose of the Makarov pistol is to defeat the enemy in close combat. The effective range is 50 meters. The lethal force of the bullet is maintained at a distance of 350 meters. The weapon is 161 mm long and 126 mm high and weighs 730 g.
The performance characteristics of the Makarov pistol:
- caliber - 9.27 mm;
- curb weight - 810 g;
- effective range- 50 m;
- rate of fire - 30 rounds per minute;
- muzzle velocity - 315 meters per second;
- magazine capacity - 8 rounds.
The material part of the PM
The Makarov pistol consists of 32 parts. The set of accessories includes a spare magazine, a holster and a strap for attaching weapons to the trouser belt. Dismantling, cleaning and lubrication is carried out by wiping. A small number of parts allows you to clean the product efficiently and quickly even in the field.
The main parts of the PM:
- a frame on which the barrel and trigger guard are fixed;
- shutter with ejector, drummer and fuse;
- shutter return spring;
- trigger mechanism PM;
- shutter lag;
- lever;
- clip for ammunition.
The frame is designed to connect all the mechanisms of the pistol. The barrel directs the flight of the bullet, and the trigger guard does not allow you to make an accidental shot. The cartridge is sent into the chamber by a bolt that closes the bore before firing. The shot is fired by triggering the trigger.
After the shot, the device ejects the cartridge case and sets the trigger on the combat platoon. The return spring moves the bolt to the forward position. An extreme turn of reduced diameter secures the part to the barrel. The bolt delay locks the bolt in the rear position when the last cartridge from the clip is used up.
For comfortable holding of the weapon in the hand is a plastic handle. Below on the left side is a swivel to which a pistol strap is fastened. The magazine is designed to accommodate cartridges and feed them into the chamber using a spring.
Principle of operation
Pistol shooting consists of four stages:
- Equipping with ammunition and transferring weapons to the “to battle” position.
- Shot.
- Ejection of a spent cartridge case.
- Reloading and preparing for the next shot.
The magazine, equipped with cartridges, is inserted into the pistol grip and held in the weapon by a spring latch. The upper cartridge is pressed against the bolt comb. To bring the PM to combat readiness, it is necessary to move the shutter to the rearmost position and release. When the bolt moves backward, the trigger is fixed with a sear in the firing position. The return spring brings the bolt to the forward position, setting the cartridge into the chamber with the rammer.
Pressing the trigger raises the sear. The released trigger under the influence of the mainspring hits the drummer. The cartridge capsule is broken. There is a shot.
The resulting powder gases push the bullet out of the barrel, while pulling the bolt back. cartridge case, bumping into the reflector, flies out, and the next cartridge rises under the pressure of the magazine spring and is installed in front of the rammer.
After the shooter has released the trigger, the cocking lever is lowered and enters the protrusion of the sear. The trigger is installed in fighting position. The pistol is ready to fire.
Weapon Care
A gun in service must be periodically disassembled, inspected, cleaned and lubricated. Complete disassembly is performed after the weapon comes into contact with water, when repairing or changing the lubricant, as well as when the product is re-preserved. When disassembling the PM, the parts and mechanisms are laid out in order. When separating the parts, excessive efforts and sharp blows are not allowed.
For partial disassembly, you must:
- Remove clip.
- Set the shutter to a delay and make sure there is no cartridge in the chamber.
- Remove the shutter from the frame.
- Separate the return spring.
The assembly of the pistol takes place in the reverse order. After completion of the work, the operability of the weapon is checked. To do this, the shutter is retracted to the rear position and put on the shutter delay. By pressing the finger on the delay, the shutter abruptly returns to the forward position, while the trigger remains cocked. Moving the safety flag up removes the trigger from the cocking and leaves it blocked.
The sequence of actions for complete disassembly of the PM:
- Make an incomplete disassembly of weapons.
- Remove the sear and shutter delay from the frame.
- Remove the handle and separate the mainspring.
- Separate the trigger and trigger pull from the frame.
- Pull out the trigger.
- Remove the striker and fuse from the bolt.
- Take out the ejector.
- Dismantle the ammo magazine.
Weapons are assembled in reverse order. In this case, it is unacceptable to cock the trigger by pressing the tail of the trigger. And also it is forbidden to pull the trigger before attaching the shutter to the frame.
With intensive use of the pistol, cleaning is carried out daily after the end of the shooting. Gun grease is applied with a rag, and the barrel is cleaned with tow soaked in a special solution. When stored without use, it is necessary to prevent weapons once a week. Timely and thorough care of the pistol ensures firing without misfires.
In the hands of an experienced shooter, the Makarov looks like a formidable weapon. Combat veterans share how many lives they helped save legendary pistol. Therefore, it is no coincidence that the brainchild of the Soviet gunsmith N.F. Makarov was used in units of foreign armies. A modernized version of the PM takes part in sports competitions.
The Makarov pistol is the first small arms developed by the Soviet Union after the end of the Second World War. Designer N.F. Makarov created a weapon that since 1951 has become an integral part of the country's armed forces. Now new pistols have already been created, which are much more powerful, faster and more convenient, but the Makarov pistol has already taken its rightful place in history.
The history of the creation and development of the Makarov pistol model
In 1945, the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union began selection for the design and creation of a 7.65 mm or 9 mm pistol.
The best developers of the USSR expressed their desire to try their hand at the competition. Nikolai Fedorovich Makarov also confirmed his participation. Also, for comparison of characteristics, foreign models of pistols of famous brands were included in the competition: Walter, Mauser, Sauer, Beretta.
When developing the project, N.F. Makarov took as a basis the presence of a smaller number of parts than in existing existing models.
The proposed Makarov project consisted of 30 constituent parts, with some of the main parts of the PM performing several functions at once. For example, the main spring of a pistol could perform seven operations.
Nikolai Fedorovich paid great attention to the main problem of small arms of his time - frequent stops in shooting. Thanks to non-standard solutions, this problem was solved.
By the beginning of 1947, Makarov had decided on the concept of the pistol, having worked through every detail. In October 1947, field tests of the pistols that took part in the competition began. The samples presented by the designers Makarov and Sevryugin passed to the second stage of selection.
According to the assessment of additional parameters, the choice of the employees of the state commission fell on the project of the pistol by N. F. Makarov.
At the end of the 40s, after eliminating all the flaws and making changes to the design of the pistol, new tests were carried out. The gun was presented to the commission already in the completed design. Based on the results of the shooting, the commission members noted the simplicity and reliability of the pistol when used in real combat conditions. Shooting showed high accuracy. From a distance of 50 meters, the bullets hit the target with an accuracy of 16 cm in diameter. The pistol was shorter than its predecessor, the TT pistol, by 34 mm and weighed 230 grams lighter.
Assessing high performance pistol, the commission recommended that the pistol be adopted, which was done in 1951.
Weapons were exported to countries of Eastern Europe, Asia and some African countries.
Since 2003, the Makarov has been officially withdrawn from the Russian Armed Forces and replaced by the Yarygin pistol.
For more than 60 years, the pistol has acquired a real cult status and has become a collector's item for many domestic and foreign connoisseurs of weapons.
I think it is necessary to say a few words about the inventor himself. Nikolai Fedorovich Makarov was born on May 22, 1914 in Sasovo Ryazan region. Father - Fedor Vasilyevich Makarov. Mother - Pelageya Vasilievna Makarova.
In addition to Nikolai, 5 children were still brought up in the family. Having completed his studies at primary school, Nikolai continued his studies at the school railway transport in Ryazan. After graduating from the school, he continued to work as a foreman in one of the depots of the Kazan Railway.
1936 - the beginning of studies at the Mechanical Institute in Tula, where many designers of the USSR studied in the field of military equipment.
By the beginning of World War II, training was carried out according to an accelerated program. He was given an engineering diploma and was transferred to the Zagorsk plant, where at that time the PPSh-41 Shpagin machine gun was produced.
Simultaneously with work at the plant, Nikolai Fedorovich was engaged in a dissertation, which he successfully defended in 1944. After the end of the war, he was transferred to Design Bureau No. 14 in Tula, where he worked all his life.
- 1952, 1967 - Mosin Prize;
- 1966 - Order of the Red Banner of Labor;
- 1971 - Order of Lenin;
- 1974 - awarded the title of "Hero of Socialist Labor".
Design features
The Makarov Pistol (PM) is a medium caliber pistol with a fixed body. In recoil designs, the only force holding the bolt closed is the force of the return spring. When firing, the barrel and bolt do not need to be unlocked, as pistols with a lockable breech do. The PM device is simple and with finely tuned parts, compared to designs using a coiled or articulating barrel.
The PM is considered one of the best compact self-defense pistols of its time. When interacting with the enemy up to 50 meters, this is a reliable, accurate self-defense weapon.
The Makarov is an all-metal pistol. The safety lever is located on the left side of the shooter. In safe mode, you can move down from the cocked position, after which the hammer, sear is fixed.
The external hammer can be cocked manually for an accurate first shot in single action mode, or can be cocked in automatic mode when a little more force is needed to pull the trigger.
The all-steel magazine holds 8 cartridges (12 cartridges for PMM pistols), and after firing the last cartridge, the sliding stop remains in the open position. To remove it, you need to pull the lever on the left side of the frame down. The magazine latch is located at the bottom of the handle, but on some export versions (Baikal-442) a push-button magazine release is provided (the button is at the base of the trigger).
How to disassemble the gun:
- Disconnect the magazine by pressing the magazine release button on the base of the handle and pull the magazine;
- Check that the chamber is empty;
- Pull the safety trigger down, then turn it sideways to lock it in the open position;
- Raise the back of the cover and remove from the rails;
- Carefully check the sliding movement forward and remove the barrel;
- Remove the return spring from the barrel.
The principle of operation of the PM
The trigger mechanism is based on the principle of double action, when, after installing a magazine with cartridges, the trigger is pressed with force, then the hammer is cocked and the sear is released, and hits the drummer. There is a shot. After the shot, the body cover begins to move back, overcoming the force of the recoil spring.
Once the lid reaches its rearmost position, the ejector pin on the slip stop extends to the left rear of the empty case. The ejector tooth pushes the housing out of the ejection port. The bolt begins to move forward, removing the next cartridge from the magazine, pushing it into the chamber, thereby self-loading the pistol.
Finally, the latch enters the battery (full forward), the prong rises above the cartridge rim and snaps into place. The pistol is now ready to fire again. The disconnector prevents a second shot from being fired with the same trigger pull.
Subsequent shots are a single action, meaning that the hammer is already cocked and that the trigger action pushes the sear away from the hammer, thereby releasing the hammer.
The drummer is floating, without a return spring. This is a very simple mechanism that has been in operation for over 50 years. The other side of the hammer interacts with the sear in order to stop it at the bottom of its movement if the side of the hammer is damaged. This ensures that the pistol will not fire unless the trigger is pulled.
After the last shot is fired, the repeater tab on the magazine pushes up on the cover release and it locks into the rear position. The magazine should now be removed and a new one inserted.
When the trigger is pressed, the return spring pushes the slider forward, removing the first round of the magazine into the chamber, and the pistol is ready to fire in single action.
The safety can be easily removed by turning it clockwise past the "safe" position, turning away from the muzzle through an angle of about 120° and pulling it out. The safety also holds the firing pin in place, so care must be taken that the firing pin is not lost when the safety is removed.
The magazine consists of 4 main parts: housing, spring, pusher and plate. Its capacity is 8 rounds of caliber 9×18 mm PM. Magazines can get dirty, so they need to be cleaned periodically.
The magazine release button is located on the bottom of the pistol, near the bottom of the grip. To release the magazine, press the magazine release button down until the magazine drops slightly. You can pull out the store.
The barrel is fixed in the frame, and the pin ensures its return. The barrel can be changed to a different caliber or configuration.
Some Soviet (Russian) pistol models come with adjustable rear sights, while the original Makarov has a fixed rear sight. Even though it's called "fixed", it can be moved left or right with a slight push.
Makarov consists of only 27 parts, which is significantly less than that of Walter, who has 42. The simplicity of the design of the pistol is very brilliant invention Makarov and allows you to disassemble the gun with a small number of tools. Some parts are multifunctional. For example, the hammer spring also serves as a magazine release, the safety holds the firing pin in place, and the trigger also acts as an ejector. Below is a cheat sheet TTX PM 9mm, which is especially relevant for cadets of military schools.
TTX pistol Makarov
Ammunition used in PM
Before telling what ammunition was used in the PM, it is necessary to briefly outline the history of the appearance of the standard 9 × 18 cartridge.
The development of a new 9 mm cartridge began at the Experimental Design Bureau No. 44, which was headed by B.V. Semin. The shell from a standard cartridge (7.62 × 25) was taken as the basis. As a result of the test shooting ranges, a decision was made to reduce the length to 18 mm.
In 1947, they underwent development tests of new cartridges, marked in the documents as OP-1 cartridges. The test cartridges were compared with the cartridges of the TT pistol, as well as with the German 9x19 (Parabellum). As a result, after eliminating all the comments and shortcomings, the 9x18 mm cartridge was adopted in 1951.
In the 60s of the XX century, bullets with increased impact and armor-piercing characteristics were developed for KGB officers. However, more accurate information about the bullets used and the performance characteristics of the Makarov pistol in this modification is not freely available.
In the 90s, attempts were made to use cartridges with increased penetration in the PM. The results of such an experiment did not find support among military experts, especially since they had already developed and were working on cartridges of caliber 9x19 mm and 9x21 mm.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages:
- Simplicity of design;
- Reliability of the pistol;
- Light weight;
- The low cost of the pistol;
- Quality store.
Flaws:
- Strong recoil after a shot;
- The high cost of cartridges;
- You need to put more effort when pulling the trigger;
- There is no way to install optics.
Modifications based on PM
- The most famous modification of the Makarov pistol is the PMM (modernized Makarov pistol). In 1990, a group of engineers redesigned the original design, primarily by increasing the load on the gun's barrel. The result is a significant increase initial speed and creating 25% more gas pressure. The PMM magazine holds 12 rounds. The PMM can use existing 9.2x18mm cartridges. There are also minor changes in the ergonomics of the handle. Along with the Grach pistol, the PMM became the service pistol of the Russian Airborne Forces;
TTX pistol PMM:
- An experimental version of the Makarov pistol -TKB-023 was developed with a polymer frame to reduce the weight and cost of the weapon. It passed Soviet military testing during the Soviet era, but was never approved for production due to concerns about the polymer's ability to long-term storage and use;
- IZH-70. Izhevsk Mechanical Plant (IMZ) produced a version of the PM pistol called IZH-70. This version was exported. The main difference between the IZH-70 and the standard Makarov pistol is an adjustable sight, made like a sports sight;
- IZH-70-400. In 1993, the designers of the Izhevsk plant presented a new modification chambered for 9 × 19 mm (Parabellum). The main difference between the pistol is the slow unlocking of the barrel with the help of helical-ring grooves in the chamber;
- Baikal IZH-79-8 - a modification of the standard Makarov pistol with an 8 mm barrel. The pistol is designed to fire gas cartridges.
All of the above weapons were produced on the territory of the USSR and Russia.
There are several Warsaw Pact countries that themselves began to produce their own pistols, which, by design, almost completely correspond to the characteristics and appearance Makarov pistol.
These countries include Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia. According to them, they themselves developed their own designs of pistols chambered for 9 × 18 mm.
Hungary developed the FEG PA-63, Poland the P-64 and P-83 Wanad, and Czechoslovakia the vz.82. These pistols are identical in principle of operation (direct recoil), the cartridge has the same caliber as the PM.
At the same time, they were already delivered to some countries as pistols made in Poland, Hungary or Czechoslovakia.
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Self-loading pistol designed by Soviet designer Nikolai Fedorovich Makarov in 1948. Adopted in 1951. It is a personal weapon in the Soviet and Russian armed forces And law enforcement agencies.
History of creation
In 1947-1948, a competition was held in the USSR for a new pistol for the command staff of the Soviet Army. The TT pistol, and even more so the Nagant revolver, were already outdated models. In addition, it was decided to introduce two pistols into the army: a long-barreled automatic for line officers (the Stechkin automatic pistol became it) and a compact one for senior officers and as a “peacetime weapon”. Under the terms of the competition, it was required to create a pistol with a blowback and a self-cocking trigger mechanism (USM). As a starting point, the designers were offered the well-performing Walther PP, which had been in production since 1929. Initially, it was required to submit two samples - in calibers of 7.65 mm and 9 mm, later they settled on the newly created 9-mm cartridge 9x18 mm PM, slightly more powerful (bullet energy 300 J) than the 9x17 mm cartridge, which was used in "Walter PP ". The bullet of such a cartridge has a better stopping effect than the bullet of the 7.62x25 mm TT cartridge, despite its lower power. The moderate power of the cartridge allows the use of a fixed-bore, blowback design.
F. V. Tokarev, S. G. Simonov, S. A. Korovin, I. Ya. Stechkin, K. A. Baryshev, P. V. Voevodin, I. I. Rakov, A. A Klimov, G. V. Sevryugin, A. I. Lobanov, N. F. Makarov. All designs in size, layout and device were similar to the German prototype. Together with Soviet developments, they were also tested on competitive program Walther PP, Mauser HSc, Sauer 38H, Beretta M1934 and FN model 1910/22. According to the combination of characteristics, the Makarov pistol was recognized as the winner, but it was recommended to make a number of changes to the design. In 1951, the Makarov pistol under the designation PM was adopted for the army, as well as law enforcement agencies.
Nikolai Fedorovich Makarov worked around the clock to create his pistol.
From the memoirs of the designer:
“Suffice it to say that at that time I worked every day, practically without days off, from eight in the morning until two or three in the morning, as a result of which I finalized and shot samples two or even three times more than mine rivals, which, of course, made it possible to perfect reliability and survivability."
The general layout of the PM is similar to the Walter PP pistol, however, Makarov significantly improved the basic Walter system in several areas: simplifying both the design itself and the handling of the pistol, its maintenance; multifunctionality of parts; increase of reliability of work in extreme conditions of operation; increase in the strength of parts and service life; increasing manufacturability and pace mass production. The trigger mechanism (USM) of the PM is arranged in a completely different way, the magazine latch and fuse are made differently, the slide delay lever is added. The folding trigger guard, as a shutter travel limiter, was borrowed from a German design.
Makarov managed to almost completely eliminate the delays in firing caused by sticking a cartridge into the bevel of the chamber. The designer managed to achieve the ideal ratio of the height of the upper cartridge, the geometry and inclination of the bevel of the chamber, the mirror of the shutter-casing and the design of the ejector. In the PM, the upper cartridge in the magazine is located very high, almost at the level of the chamber, as a result of this, with the other above features, the cartridges are fed with a minimum angle and the risk of sticking is minimized. The design of the PM is simpler than the "Walter PP", it has fewer details - this is achieved by combining their functions.
PM remained in service with law enforcement agencies after the collapse of the USSR in 1991, it continues to be used in a number of countries of the world due to its simplicity and fairly high reliability.
In the army and law enforcement agencies of Russia, the PM is gradually being replaced by the Yarygin pistol, PMM and other new models of pistols, but still the PM still continues to be in service.
Makarov pistol device
The action of the PM is based on blowback recoil. The barrel is locked due to the mass of the bolt and the elasticity of the return spring worn on the barrel.
Trigger mechanism (USM) double action with an open trigger. The PM uses a free drummer that does not have a spring holding it in the rear position. Theoretically, this can lead to a spontaneous firing when the pistol falls from a great height, but N.F. Makarov believed that the drummer did not have enough mass to seriously consider this possibility.
The gun consists of 32 parts and the following main parts:
Frame with barrel and trigger guard;
- shutter with striker, ejector and fuse;
- return spring
- trigger mechanism;
- handle with screw;
- shutter delay;
-shop.
After the magazine is inserted and the cartridge is sent to the chamber, the PM can be put on the fuse. In this case, the trigger is safely released from the cocking, the trigger moves away from the drummer and is blocked, the trigger goes forward and is also blocked. The shutter is also blocked (in the "Walter PP" the shutter is not blocked and the weapon can be reloaded with the fuse on). When the fuse is on, the PM is ready to be worn.
Before firing, the fuse box located on the left side of the rear of the bolt must be moved to the lower position, to the “fire” position (more convenient than in the “Walter PP”, where the lever must be moved to the upper position). The trigger will get on the safety platoon and the PM will be ready to fire by self-cocking. The first time the trigger is pressed, the hammer is cocked at the same time, which is why the trigger requires more effort than when the trigger is cocked - about 3.5 kg. After the first shot, the trigger will be cocked (put on a combat platoon) and it is enough to fire short lung pressing with a force of approximately 1.5 kg.
Once the safety is released, the hammer can be cocked manually, as in single action pistols, for a more accurate first shot. When cocking the trigger, the trigger pulls back. Now the first shot can be fired with a short press. The trigger can be removed from the cocking by holding it with your thumb and pulling the trigger. After the trigger is released and moves forward, the hammer will be set to a safety cocking, which prevents contact of the hammer with the firing pin when the hammer is not fully cocked.
The cartridge case is ejected to the right after firing.
The standard PM magazine holds 8 rounds. When all the ammunition is used up, the bolt gets to the bolt delay. You can remove the shutter from the delay using the lever on the left of the frame. If an empty magazine is not inserted, then the shutter can be removed from the delay in another way, by pulling it back a little and releasing it. When an equipped magazine is inserted into the pistol, then, after removing the shutter from the delay, the cartridge is sent to the chamber, and the pistol is ready to fire again.
The magazine latch, like most European pistols of that time, is located at the base of the handle. This arrangement of the latch eliminates the accidental removal of the magazine, characteristic of the TT pistol, but is less convenient for quick magazine changes.
Distinctive features of the Makarov pistol are the simplicity of design and the versatility of parts. So, the slide delay serves at the same time as a reflector of the sleeves. A two-blade lamellar mainspring is both a cocking lever spring and a sear spring, as well as a hammer rebound spring (the bend of its wide feather) when set to a safety cocking. The lower end of the spring serves as the magazine latch spring.
N. F. Makarov created a pistol, the design of which contains a number of original solutions. The gun is easy to use, has a long service life and is much more reliable than the Walther PP taken as the basis.
Some parts, such as the mainspring and, in particular, the fuse, have a rather complex shape. But, in the future, a change in technology made it possible to simplify and reduce the cost of production.
The PM has fairly good (for a compact pistol) accuracy. When firing at 25 meters with standard 57-N-181 cartridges, the dispersion radius of R100 is 75 mm, and at 50 meters - 160 mm. At a distance of 10 meters, the dispersion radius is only 35 mm.
The combat of a pistol is checked by shooting at 25 m in a black circle with a diameter of 25 cm, fixed on a shield 1 m high and 0.5 m wide. The accuracy of the combat of this pistol is recognized as normal if all four holes are removed into a circle with a diameter of 15 cm. requirements if it deviates from the reference point by no more than 5 cm in any direction.
Dispersion radius when firing from a given normal combat pistol is characterized by the following numbers:
Assembly / disassembly of the pistol
Disassembly of the gun can be incomplete and complete.
Partial disassembly is performed for cleaning, lubricating and inspecting the gun in the following order:
Remove the magazine from the base of the handle;
-remove the gun from the fuse;
-lower the trigger guard down and move it to the left;
- separate the shutter from the frame;
- return the trigger guard to its place;
- remove the return spring from the barrel.
Assembly after partial disassembly is carried out in the reverse order.
After the gun is checked for correct assembly:
Remove the gun from the fuse;
- put the shutter on the shutter delay;
- remove the shutter from the shutter delay;
-Put the gun on safety.
Complete disassembly is carried out for cleaning in case of heavy contamination, after the gun has been exposed to rain or snow, as well as when switching to a new lubricant and during repairs in the following order:
Incomplete disassembly of the pistol;
-separation of the sear and slide delay from the frame;
-separation of the handle from its base and the mainspring from the frame;
-separation of the trigger from the frame;
-separation of the trigger pull with the cocking lever from the frame;
- separation of the trigger from the frame;
-separation of the fuse and drummer from the bolt;
-separation of the ejector from the shutter;
- dismantling of the store.
Assembly after complete disassembly is carried out in the reverse order.
Attention! Frequent complete disassembly of the gun is not allowed, as it accelerates the wear of parts and mechanisms.
Modifications
A large number of combat, service and civilian modifications have been developed on the basis of the Makarov pistol.
USSR
Makarov pistol (PM)
TKB-023 - prototype with polymer frame. Designed in the Tula Instrument Design Bureau in the early 1960s. based on PM, was not mass-produced (the operational properties of the polymer frame did not meet the requirements of the customer).
Russia
IZH70 (9x18 mm, 8-round magazine, adjustable sight) - commercial version, developed in the early 1990s as a "sports training pistol"
IZH70-17A (.380 ACP, 8-round magazine, adjustable sight)
IZH70-17AS (.380 ACP, 8-round magazine, adjustable sight, chrome finish, plastic mainspring)
IZH70-17AH (.380 ACP, adjustable sight)
IZH70-18A (9x18 mm, 8-round magazine, adjustable sight)
IZH70-18AS (9x18 mm, 8-round magazine, adjustable sight, chrome finish)
IZH70-18AH (commercial version, 9x18 mm, adjustable sight)
Baikal 442 (sports pistol chambered for 9x18 mm, 8-, 10- or 12-round magazines, modern version of the PMM with a push-button magazine latch)
PMM (Modernized Makarov Pistol), created in the early 1990s for a more powerful 9x18 mm PMM cartridge, equipped with a 12-round magazine. Entered service in 1994.
IZH-71 - a service pistol chambered for 9x17 mm, designed in 1994, mass-produced from 1996 to September 2008, further production was continued under the name MP-71
IZH-71-100 - a service pistol chambered for 9x17 mm, a modification of IZH-71 with a magazine for 10 rounds, since the beginning of autumn 2008 it has been produced under the name MP-71N
IZH71-18 (9x18 mm, HiCap, fixed sight)
OTs-35 - a modernized version for the use of cartridges 9x18 mm PM and 9x18 mm PMM
MP-448 "Skif" - modification with a polymer frame
6P42-9 - 9mm gas pistol with fully adjustable and rifled barrel created by pinning a standard IZH-70 pistol in 9x18mm PM and (or) 9x17mm Kurtz
6P42-7.6 - gas pistol for 7.6 mm TK-024 ammunition
IZH-79-9 - 9mm gas/traumatic pistol
MP-471 - a service traumatic pistol for 10x23 mm T ammunition, created in 2004
IZH-79-9T "Makarych" - a gas pistol, has the ability to fire a rubber bullet chambered for 9 mm P.A.
MP-79-9TM - firearm pistol chambered for 9 mm P.A.
MP-80-13T - traumatic pistol chambered for .45 Rubber.
PM-T - traumatic pistol chambered for 9 mm P.A. It is made by replacing the barrel with a pinned one from PM combat pistols. Producer of ZiD, about 5 thousand pieces were produced in total.
Baikal MP-654K - 4.5 mm pneumatic gas-balloon pistol, replica MP-71N.
Baikal MP654KS - chrome version of MP654K
MP-371 - signal pistol under primers "Zhevelo" and KV21, uses imitators of cartridges for primers, outwardly looks like IZH-79-9T, entirely made of steel
GDR
Pistole M - standard PM chambered for 9x18 mm, after receiving a license from the USSR in 1956, the first pistols began to be produced in 1957, mass production started in 1958
Pistole Mk - .380 ACP, experimental
Germany
Pistole Simson-Suhl Makarov - a commercial model, began to be produced after the reunification of Germany
LEGENDS MAKAROV - 6mm pneumatic gas pistol, manufactured by the German company Umarex
Bulgaria
Makarov - a licensed copy of the PM chambered for 9x18 mm (two versions - military and marine), which was produced at plant number 10 in the city of Kazanlak
Arsenal R-M01 - model of 1990, the shape of the trigger guard was changed, as well as the lining on the handle. Produced in several versions:
-Miltex Special Edition - commercial version chambered for 9x18 mm
-Miltex Special Edition Sporting Pistol - commercial version chambered for 9x18 mm and .380 ACP (chrome and polished version)
-Arsenal Brand Sporting Pistol - sports pistol chambered for 9x18 mm and .380 ACP
-B-1300 - modification with a reduced handle length and modified handle pads
China
Type 59 (military version) - production started in 1959
Norinco Sporting Pistol (export model)
Ukraine
Traumatic pistols PMR and "Viy" chambered for 9 mm R.A. (manufacturer - LLC "SOBR", Kharkov) are alterations of serial PM. Alteration consists in replacing the barrel, and the new barrel is welded to the frame to avoid reverse alteration.
Traumatic pistol PM-T chambered for 9 mm R. A. (manufacturer - Erma-Inter LLC, Kiev), alteration of serial PM
Smooth-bore traumatic pistol PM-GT chambered for 9 mm R.A.
Traumatic pistol PM-RF chambered for 9 mm R.A. (manufacturer - NPO "Fort", Vinnitsa), is made by altering serial PM. Finished in 2014
Traumatic pistol "Berkut" chambered for 9 mm R.A. (manufacturer - LLC "Berkut", Dnepropetrovsk), is produced by altering serial PM. In total, from the beginning of 2008 to the end of 2009, the enterprise purchased 2 thousand PM pistols, of which 1257 pcs. was converted into traumatic pistols "Berkut"
PMF-1 - 4-mm 5-shot pistol (actually a revolver) chambered for Flaubert (manufacturer - CEM company, since 2013).
The PM pistol was in every stowage of the cosmonaut's property and equipment on the Vostok spacecraft, that is, in fact, it was he who became the first small arms that went into space.
- Until 2004, in the protection of the State Unitary Enterprise " Design department instrument making" was listed as a serviceable PM pistol manufactured in 1949 (having serial number 11) with a shot of about 50 thousand rounds.
-The plot of the movie "Makarov" unfolds around the PM pistol. The gun even becomes, in a sense, the protagonist of the film.
-In Finland, the PM is one of the four models of pistols required for mastering practical shooting courses (the other three are the Glock 17, Beretta 92F and CZ-85).
- In the US civilian small arms market, the PM is in some demand and has a very good reputation, primarily because of its low cost with quite acceptable reliability and small dimensions as a self-defense weapon. The greatest demand among gun lovers in the United States is for PMs made in the GDR due to more High Quality processing and manufacturing materials.
TTX pistol
Weight, kg: 0.73 (without cartridges) 0.81 (equipped)
- Length, mm: 161.5
- Barrel length, mm: 93.5
- Width, mm: 30.5
-Height, mm: 126.75
- Cartridge: 9x18 mm PM
- Caliber, mm: grooved - 9.27 +...-0.075
- by fields - 9.00 +...-0.06
-4 grooves 4.5 wide +...-0.2
- rifling pitch - 260 +...-20
- Principles of operation: free shutter
-Rate of fire, shots / min: 30 (combat rate of fire)
- Muzzle velocity, m/s: 315
-Sighting range, m: 50
-Maximum range, m: 50 (effective) 350 (up to which the lethal effect of the bullet is maintained)
- Type of ammunition: magazine for 8 rounds
-Sight: open
