The name of the newest Russian tank is T 14. Russia has just announced how many deadly Armata tanks it will build. Machines on a universal platform

Tank troops are considered one of the most powerful components of the modern army. Developers around the world are paying attention Special attention improvement of tanks and other heavy armored vehicles, in order for them to carry out a large volume of assigned combat missions.
Russia was no exception, where specialists decided to create powerful combat vehicles based on the special Armata tracked platform, which will allow unifying armored units and units.

Of the entire Armata family, the most anticipated new product in military engineering was the main tank - a new combat vehicle, on the creation of which Uralvagonzavod specialists, engineers and designers worked hard.

Technical characteristics of the Armata T-14 tank

1. Combat weight 48 tons
2. Crew - 3 people
3. Booking
- combined multilayer armor
- complex active protection Afghanit
- dynamic protection Malachite
4. Weapons
- Smoothbore gun 125 mm 2A82-1M (152 mm 2A83)
- Gun ammunition: 45 shells (32 in the automatic loader)
- Machine guns - 1 × 12.7 mm Kord; 1 × 7.62 mm PKTM
5. Engine
- multi-fuel A-85-3A (12N360)
- Engine power 1500 hp.
6. Highway speed - 80 - 90 km/h
7. Speed ​​over rough terrain - about 70 km/h
8. Cruising range on the highway - over 500 km
9. Power density- 31 l. s./t
10. Suspension type - active.

Multi-level protection of the Armata tank

The main feature of the T-14 tank is the uninhabited turret of the tank - the crew is located in an isolated armored capsule; among other things, a multi-layer combined armor barrier is installed in the front projection of the combat vehicle, protecting tank crews during frontal hits from anti-tank shells and missiles. This approach to tank design allows the combat vehicle to withstand hits from most modern and future ATGMs and anti-tank shells, while preserving the lives of tank crews. The manned armored capsule also houses control computers, which makes the tank more survivable in modern combat conditions.

Location of components and modules of Almata

The engine, transmission, as well as the automatic loader with ammunition are isolated from each other, which dramatically increases the survivability of the Almata even if the armor of the turret or engine/transmission compartments of the tank is penetrated. That is, if there is no direct hit in the compartment with ammunition and automatic loader, then there will be no detonation of the ammunition. Even with multiple penetrations of the tank, the armored capsule will protect the crew and fire control systems, allowing the robotic uninhabited turret to fire. Another original solution is that the crew is positioned in a row, which reduces the area of ​​the side projection of the manned armored capsule, sharply reducing the likelihood of being hit.

The T-14 tank has a new mine-resistant V-shaped armor; remote mine detectors are installed on the tank, which are connected to the destruction system anti-tank mines, which allows the tank to overcome minefields.

Turret of the T-14 Armata tank

The turret of the Armata T-14 tank, as we wrote above, is uninhabited; its armor consists of anti-fragmentation casings to protect instruments and weapons. The steel casing protects the turret instruments, as well as dynamic protection modules from light fragmentation damage; an additional function of the casing is to reduce the radio signature of the tank against ATGMs/ATGMs with radar guidance of the JAGM type, due to the geometry of the surface.

Active protection complex "Afganit"

But armor cannot 100% protect a tank from modern anti-tank weapons, so the T-14 is equipped with the Afghanit active protection complex, which has the ability to intercept modern ATGMs, cumulative grenades from RPGs, as well as sub-caliber armor-piercing shells while approaching the tank.
Defense Update experts, when analyzing the Afghanit system on the T-14, indicate that it consists of damaging and camouflage elements. The striking elements are located in shotgun pedestals under the turret, operating similarly to the Drozd KAZ, but more efficiently - the reaction time allows you to intercept even sub-caliber shells. The developers of "Afganit" also received a patent RU 2263268 for an active protection system based on the "shock core" principle, which makes it possible to shoot down promising ammunition with speeds up to 3000 m/s.
The camouflage elements of the Afghanit active protection complex are located in small mortars on the roof of the tank turret. Defense Update experts report that, presumably, the camouflage elements operate simultaneously as: a smoke screen, a multispectral curtain (including the IR range) and a curtain opaque to millimeter-wave radars (by releasing a cloud of miniature dipoles). According to Defense Update, this completely blocks anti-tank systems built on the principle of laser (ATGM Hellfire, TOW, Fagot, Skif, Stugna-P), IR guidance (ATGM Javelin, Spike) and with its own MW radar (ATGM JAGM, Brimstone) , making Armata protected from these anti-tank missiles, as well as from gliding homing charges (“roofbreakers”).

To counteract guidance radars and AWACS aircraft, the T-14 tank uses modern elements of stealth technology with characteristic flat edges (see, for example, the casing on the turret of the Armata tank). Defense Update experts indicate that the combined destructive and camouflage KAZ "Afganit" is triggered by an AFAR radar, which is divided into 4 separate matrices directed in different directions, the rear matrices are turned upward to control the upper hemisphere, so the AFAR radar has circular coverage. The tank's optical surveillance equipment is also integrated with a system for proactive delivery of curtains.
Previously, the developers of the T-14 also reported that the machine gun mount, based on data from the AFAR radar, is capable of protecting the tank not only by shooting down incoming anti-tank missiles, but also having a significant probability of hitting anti-tank shells in order to change the flight path of sub-caliber shells or damage cumulative ammunition.

New steel for armor of the Armata tank

For combined multilayer armor Specialists of the Research Institute of Steel have developed a new armor steel grade 44S-SV-Sh of electroslag remelting with high resistance, as well as new materials and filler designs. This made it possible to reduce total weight armor protection of the tank by 15% while maintaining armor resistance. Dynamic protection of the T-14 was created according to the principle of design and configuration changes to suit the scenario combat use tank. On the march, dynamic protection can be removed, and additional modules can be installed for an urban combat scenario.

Chassis and engine of Almaty

New medium tank Armata is equipped with a 12-cylinder four-stroke X-shaped diesel engine with turbocharging A-85-3A (12N360) with a power of 1500 Horse power. The 12N360 multi-fuel engine, with direct injection, was developed by the Chelyabinsk Transdiesel design bureau and is produced at ChTZ (Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant).
The tank has a 7-roller active suspension on vane shock absorbers with a differential rotation mechanism with hydrostatic transmission. The new active suspension eliminates the swaying of the tank while moving, which makes it possible to reduce the time of target acquisition by optical-electronic guidance means by 2.2 times, reducing the time of hitting a “tank” type target by 1.45 times!
The T-14 Armata is equipped with a tank information and control system (TIUS), which controls all components and assemblies, controls on-board systems, diagnoses faults, which allows the driver to control the engine and chassis without leaving the armored capsule for inspection and diagnostics - the need for repairs is determined by electronics.
In the T-14, the design of additional fuel tanks was changed; for the first time for Soviet and Russian tanks, they became non-removable and recessed behind the armor and anti-cumulative shield. In this case, the tanks participate in additional protection of the engine, taking on shock deformations. The exhaust of Almaty engines is produced through pipes running through additional fuel tanks, which, taking into account the high heat capacity of hundreds of liters of fuel, reduces the visibility of the tank in the infrared range.
Although the new tank is being created according to all the standards of Russian tank building and is quite often compared to the Black Eagle, the model is an absolute novelty that has no analogues. An important distinguishing feature is the development high level safety of the crew, which will be housed in a special armored capsule.

Armata tracked platform - a universal combat transformer

"Armata" is a heavy tracked platform, which was developed by the Uralvagonzavod enterprise and can be used unified in the production of various types of modern heavy armored vehicles. Based on this unique project, it is planned to create several types of armored vehicles, the development of which Russian specialists have already begun to engage in. The main positions are:
T-14 (object 148) - Main battle tank;
BMP-T T-15 (GBTU index - object 149) Infantry fighting vehicle;
BREM-T T-16 (object 152) - repair and recovery vehicle;
BMO-2 - flamethrower combat vehicle;
TOS BM-2 - heavy flamethrower system;
TZM-2 - transport-loading vehicle for a heavy flamethrower system;
2S35 "Coalition-SV" - self-propelled artillery unit;
USM-A1 - mining system;
UMZ-A - minelayer (project);
MIM-A - multi-purpose engineering vehicle;
MT-A - bridge laying machine (project);
PTS-A - floating conveyor (project).
Also, the Armata universal tank tracked platform can serve as the basis for creating a chassis for artillery self-propelled units and various kinds of specialized engineering machines. The general public first met the Armata at the Victory Parade on May 9, 2015. The participation of the new T-14 Armata tank attracted the attention of not only Russians; the new tank was followed by a huge number of military specialists from all over the planet.
Update: according to the statement of the head of Uralvagonzavod Oleg Sienko, the Russian Ministry of Defense has agreed on the cost and volume of the order of new T-14 Armata tanks until 2035. The previous volume of supplies of Armat to the troops, approved until 2020, will be adjusted. According to Sienko, the first batch of Armata tanks will arrive in tank units of the Russian Armed Forces by 2018. The total need of the ground forces for a new combat vehicle is 2000 - 2300 units.

Background

The development of a new (third post-war) generation tank began in the USSR a little later than the creation of the new main tank T-64A in the 70s. Leningrad, Chelyabinsk and, later, Kharkov designers participated in the work called “Topic 101”.

A number of projects were implemented, both with traditional and new layouts, most of which remained on the drawings or in the form of mock-ups.

Tanks with traditional solutions, such as "" and "" did not provide a significant advantage over the modernized versions of the T-64A, T-72 and the tank with a gas turbine engine. Tanks with a new layout () required a long search for both layout solutions and the creation of fundamentally new components.

At the end of the 70s and throughout the 80s, the Kharkov design bureau was chosen as the lead design bureau on the topic of creating a promising tank of the 90s. These events are considered from the point of view of one of the developers of the tank, responsible for its electronic component - . Variants of the layouts considered in the 80s are discussed in the material -.

The development of the promising tank was never completed before the collapse of the USSR.

The design bureaus remaining in Russia began to create a promising tank based on the existing groundwork. Among the most advanced, we can mention the Leningradsky, which had a very bold layout. Which, along with objective reasons characteristic of the 90s, prevented its implementation.

In 2009, the closure of these projects was announced.

One gets the feeling that a promising tank will never be created in the post-Soviet space.

But in 2015, at the Victory Parade, products based on the Armata platform were presented to the general public - the new generation T-14 tank and the T-15 heavy infantry fighting vehicle with front-mounted MTO.

With the advent of the first shots of the Armata, a lot of speculation about this tank appeared. Someone gave him embellished qualities, To He called something like plywood and invented non-existent shortcomings.

Layout

The scheme with the crew concentrated in the front part of the hull requires maximum automation of control of weapons installed in the fighting compartment, creating a number of difficulties technical order. This scheme is of interest due to the great potential for enhancing crew protection, including from mass destruction, as well as improving the conditions for interaction between personnel.

When placing 3 crew members shoulder to shoulder, as is done, the crew is placed in a fairly comfortable conditions. But at the same time, it is not possible to provide sufficient protection for the onboard part of the crew compartment. Even with a reduction in the width of the space allocated for each crew member from 70 to 60 cm, the ability to provide protection when fired into the side areas is minimal. At the same time, railway dimensions do not allow increasing the width of the hull.

This scheme has been considered more than once, starting in the 70s in different countries, but applications in tank building with the exception of experimental models, such as the American did not find.

Crew capsule. The driver's seat is located on the left side of the tank.

The driver's display complex (DKMV) installed on the tank is designed to replace pointer instrumentation and provide solutions to control problems, monitoring functioning, operational technical diagnostics of chassis systems and assemblies and issuing recommendations for the operation of the facility.

Gear shifting is carried out using buttons on the steering wheel. Most important information the movement parameters are displayed directly on the remote display on the control wheel. The monitor displays an image from a forward-looking thermal imaging device located on the upper part of the bow assembly of the hull.

video viewing device and control button block

View of the driver's seat from the gunner's seat located in the center of the crew capsule

PMF-5.0 monitors with high-resolution LCD panels from the “5” series of multifunctional panels.

On the left in the photo is the gunner's control panel.

PMF-5.0 (5.1) products have an expanded set of interfaces, including a touch panel with multi-touch function, etc.

Development of the Instrument Engineering Design Bureau (UKBP), which is part of the Radioelectronic Technologies Concern.

Informational control system displays information on the status of weapon systems, security, mobility, etc.

Information messages are displayed on the screen below, critical messages are shown in red, important messages in yellow, and regular ones in white.

View of the commander's and gunner's positions. Commander panels (3) right side of the photo.

They display video information from external sources, synthesized video information from devices (TV cameras, sighting systems), exchange of information, output of navigational cartographic information, as well as input and transmission of information to control the main systems of the tank. Control panels are installed under the panels, the gunner and commander have similar devices

The devices are manufactured in the Russian Federation and are unified for the entire line of promising ground vehicles (Armata, Kurganets, Boomerang). The production and assembly of devices is still done by hand, but their reliability is increasing.

It is on these devices that the tank control is based.

Commander's place. A visual overview of the area is carried out through three viewing devices. The main information is supposed to be obtained through TV cameras located around the perimeter of the tank and a multi-channel panoramic sight-surveillance device.

This decision can be called very bold, especially for ground-based equipment, where the conditions are much more stringent than in aviation. On the right is the AVSKU-E control panel (intercom, switching and control equipment). Under the remote control is an optical sensor of the fire-fighting equipment system (OD1-1S). Installation of optical sensors and high-speed cylinders in the fighting compartment ensures fire detection and release of fire extinguishing agent in a time of no more than 150 ms. Such sensors are installed along the entire perimeter of the capsule

View of the back of the crew capsule. HVAC systems visible

Despite the many digital innovations, some traditions in post-Soviet tank building are unshakable, for example, not very neat welding seams.

Comfortable seats - a big step forward compared to previous generation tanks

View of the side of the crew capsule from the gunner's position. Crew seats have a wide range of adjustments, ensuring crew comfort

Protection

The layout of the "Armata" is similar to that used on the "Object 195". Increased crew protection is achieved by transferring the crew workstations located in the turret to a highly protected bow module of the hull, the protection weight of which can be increased by the amount of reduction in the weight of the turret protection, due to a reduction in its dimensions and the internal volume intended for crew workstations.

Increased protection and survivability of the crew in the module is achieved by reducing the total area of ​​the internal surfaces of the control module (compared to the habitable compartment of tanks of a classical layout).

The weapons module is separated from the control module by a transverse partition, which reduces the likelihood of injury to the crew in the module.

Fire and explosion safety of the module and crew survivability are achieved by complete separation of the crew's work stations from the sealed fuel volume and from the ammunition.

Schematic representation of the general layout

tank T-14 "Armata" (similar to T-95)

The advantage indicated by the authors of the patent, along with those listed above, also has one more drawback - insufficient protection of the tower. They will come to this question, just as the developers of the promising tanks of Soviet times - "Hammer" and "Nota" - came to.

The tank's protection complex includes combined and dynamic protection installed in the front part of the hull with the crew capsule, providing protection.

Also, dynamic protection is installed on the sides of the hull (before the engine and transmission compartment). At the front, the track branches are blocked by remote protection, which is especially important when placing the crew in the hull. In the front part of the hull side, the DZ blocks are made folding for ease of maintenance of the chassis. In general, the solutions for installing the remote sensing system are reminiscent of its installation on the Nota tank (KhKBM).

The turret is covered with super-dynamic protection, and the DZ is also installed to protect the capsule, including the hatches. Part of the hull side in the MTO area is covered with lattice screens.

The DZ covers both the upper and lower parts of the nose assembly of the hull.

Externally, the remote control is similar to that installed on the T-95. the working surface of the thrown plate is significantly increased

The technical requirements for a promising tank, set back in Soviet times, required protection from above from cumulative ammunition with an armor-piercing ability of 250-300 mm. Despite the small size of the roof and hatches, which is clearly visible in the photographs, we can assume that this requirement has been met.

The most important feature tank is the use of a complex of means for protection against precision weapons. They include an active protection complex that provides cover in the range of 120° in the direction of the tank turret and a complex for setting up multispectral curtains and a complex of laser and UV radiation indicators installed along the perimeter of the turret.

To shoot decoy IR and radar targets quickly and accurately in the direction of the attack vehicle, no matter where it approaches, without rotating the turret, the use of quickly rotating grenade launchers is required.

Thus, protection from ammunition attacking in a horizontal projection is provided by the KAZ and the jamming complex (in two rotating installations on the turret). And from attackers from above - a jamming complex (in two fixed installations directed upward).

An electromagnetic mine protection system is also installed.

Tank protection complex against WTO

Along the perimeter of the tower there are indicators of laser irradiation and ultraviolet radiation (missile launch detection system).

Under the front indicators of irradiation and missile launch there are radars with phased array detection and target designation of the KAZ.On the roof of the tower there is a system for launching multispectral interference in rotary and fixed installations

The irradiation and launch indicators are covered with shutters in photographs and during demonstrations at the parade. Next to the front and side view TV camera indicator block

KAZ launchers are installed under the radar unit. KAZ "Afganit" is a development of the "Drozd" system. This development of TsKIB SOO dates back to the 80s. The difference from the Drozd is the ability to correct the counter-ammunition being fired in azimuth (~0.5 m ) and vertically (±4°). The complex has the ability to destroy anti-tank missiles attacking a target while flying, but does not protect against attackers from above

To reduce the visibility of the tank, a lightweight casing with geometric characteristics optimal for reducing visibility in the radar wavelength range is installed on the turret

Side view of the T-14 Armata, in the central third of the hull there are EZ blocks installed, optimized for protection against cumulative warheads at an impact angle close to normal

Part of the hull side in the MTO area is covered with lattice screens.

The fastenings of the fuel barrels are visible. At the parade in Moscow, the Armatas were without them. Apparently they think it's not fashionable

Firepower

The tank is equipped with a 125mm cannon increased power 2A82-1M. Judging by the patents, the gun can use both standard shots and newly developed ones with increased powder charge. Ammunition capacity: 40 rounds (of which 32 are in the automatic loader, 8 are portable). The ideology of the AZ is retained from the “Object 195”, but the small ammunition load of 152 mm is increased to an acceptable value.

7.62mm PKTM machine gun in a remote-controlled installation on a platform combined with a panoramic sight-observation device. Ammunition capacity: 2000 rounds of continuous ammunition.

The absence of a coaxial machine gun is a strange and undoubtedly wrong decision. This will lead to increased consumption of ammunition by the gunner on targets that do not correspond to 125 mm shells, and will distract the commander from monitoring the battlefield when using a single machine gun. Some justification for this may be in the form of an increase in automated ammunition by 10 shots compared to the T-72. The 30 mm automatic cannon, as was on the Molot and T-95, is also missing.

AZ diagram of an uninhabited tower.

Shells and charges are arranged vertically.

The conveyor is raised above the bottom of the hull to prevent jamming when the bottom sag (mine explosion).

The idea of ​​installing such a gun arose a long time ago, back in the late 70s (D-91T) and continued later, including the “Object 187”. Its potential is 30% higher than the standard one.

It is known that high-power shots 3VBM22 with the 3BM59 Svinets-1 BPS and 3VBM23 with the 3BM60 Svinets-2 BPS with L=740 mm have increased armor penetration by 100-150 compared to the standard (3BM44 Mango - 440 mm) mm. Improved BPS developed for the Armata will likely reach levels greater than 800 mm (450/60°). The possibility of using both standard ammunition and newly developed ammunition of increased power is provided.

Whether or not this has been achieved is an open question; all these topics have been ongoing for more than two decades. So the same “Svinets-1” and “Svinets-2” have been formally included in the ammunition load of the modernized T-72BA, T-80UA, T-80UE1 since 2004.

To combat infantry, the 3VOF128 “Telnik”-1 shot was developed (Completion of the design and development work - 2014). The projectile implements a trajectory explosion on approach to the target (at the lead point) with the target being hit by the axial flow of the GGE; trajectory explosion over the target with the target being hit by a circular field of hull fragments; impact ground burst with instantaneous (fragmentation) action; impact ground explosion with high-explosive fragmentation action (small deceleration); impact ground rupture with a setting for penetrating high-explosive action (large deceleration).

The weapon stabilizer 2E58 is electromechanical with an electric drive for vertical and horizontal guidance. It has reduced energy consumption, increased accuracy and less fire hazard.

The UUI-2 transceiver is installed at the base of the trunk. Provides automatic measurement of barrel bending during shooting.

Wind and pressure sensor (WPS). The capacitive type sensor provides measurement of longitudinal, transverse wind and atmospheric pressure.

Mobility

"Armata" is equipped with a 12-cylinder four-stroke X-shaped diesel engine with 2V-12-3A turbocharging. Swivel mechanism with GOP

Engine power 1200 horsepower. According to the developers, there are possibilities of boosting up to 1500-1800 hp. in perspective.

The total capacity of the tank's fuel system is 2015 liters with two connected barrels. Of this, 1615 liters are in the internal and external fuel tanks of the tank, the fuel is partially located inside the hull (816 liters), the rest is in fuel tanks on the fenders in the rear of the hull.

The transmission is mechanical with a planetary central gearbox with automatic shifting. The built-in reverse can provide an equal number of forward and reverse gears, which is important when unifying the chassis with rear and front mounted gearboxes. The cooling fan drive is two-stage controlled.

The stiffness of the suspension is 167...206 kN/m, and the resistance of the hydraulic shock absorber in forward and reverse strokes does not exceed 55 kN and 120 kN, respectively.

the torsion shaft has an operating stress level of more than 147·104 kN/m 2 and an allowable twist angle of more than 80°.

The damping characteristic of a hydraulic shock absorber is high-speed, that is, it represents the dependence of the resistance force on the speed on the lever. The kinematic connection of the hydraulic shock absorber with the suspension is designed to provide a gear ratio of the vertical speed of the support roller of the tracked mover of the tracked vehicle to the speed of movement of the hydraulic shock absorber lever of 0.15...3.5 with an increase at the end of the travel of the support roller.

An increase in the progressiveness of the suspension characteristics of the suspension system and the smooth running of tracked vehicles weighing up to 55 tons is achieved.

1- guide wheel; 2 - caterpillars; 3 - support rollers; 4 - support rollers;

5 - torsion shaft; 6 - balancer; 7 - hydraulic shock absorbers; 8 traction

The progressive characteristics of the suspension are shown, in comparison with the characteristics of the suspension of the Leopard 2 tank

Project evaluation

Positive side The project is that it was nevertheless implemented, to a greater extent than any of the existing projects of a promising tank in the post-Soviet space after the creation of the T-64 tank.

A positive for the industry in the Russian Federation is the development of new technologies (touch panels), new element base in tank control systems (ICS, control systems, etc.), the development of which can become a serious impetus in the development of the electronics industry.

Sufficient attention has been paid to the complex protection of the tank - KOEP, KAZ, DZ, etc.

Ergonomics meets modern requirements.

Negative features of the tank arise from the choice of its layout, such as the inability to provide sufficient side armor for the capsule due to the placement of the crew shoulder to shoulder, the vulnerability of the turret from the fire of modern automatic guns, the lack of a visual channel for the commander and gunner's sights, and the inability to provide all-round visibility from the commander's seat. The exhaust on both sides increases the IR visibility of the tank.

Among the removable shortcomings, we can note the absence of a machine gun coaxial with the cannon. And a backup gunner sight.

And the main thing that can be added is that the tank is being tested, it was released this moment a small amount of. Most of the systems installed in Armata are not yet fully developed; they will undoubtedly require big time to cure “childhood diseases”. So time will tell whether “Armata” will be or not.

The T-14 tank (GBTU index - Object 148) is the main battle tank, equipped with a 125-mm 2A82 smoothbore gun (with the ability to install a 152-mm 2A83) with remote (uninhabited turret), fully digital control. In front, behind very powerful frontal armor, there is a protected, insulated armored capsule on all sides with the crew sitting in a row. The gun will be controlled from an isolated armored capsule. The tank will be able to withstand a frontal hit from most modern and future types of anti-tank shells and missiles. A representative of Uralvagonzavod said that deliveries of the tank to the troops should begin in 2015. The tank will contain up to 40 shells for various purposes in the automatic loader, and will also have machine guns and sights that are superior to existing models, will be able to fire while moving, and so on. The tank will acquire some of the developments, including the “carriage-mounted layout”, from the development of the promising T-95 and Black Eagle tanks, while it will be much cheaper than its “ancestors”. According to some reports, it is planned to equip the tank with a diesel engine with a capacity of 1500-2000 horsepower, a 125-mm smoothbore cannon with ammunition located outside the habitable compartment. However, most tactical and technical characteristics tanks are secret. The rollers are borrowed from the T-80, due to their lower weight, making the platform weigh a ton less.

Layout

The hull is elongated and has seven road wheels, which indicates that the tank has an increased mass. Perhaps about 50 tons.

Combat information and control systems are built on modern digital technologies and domestically produced solid-state components. The probability of hitting a target with the first shot is close to one hundred percent. For vital elements, constant monitoring of their condition is provided. This allows you to foresee a possible malfunction before it occurs. Which, in turn, significantly increases the reliability and maintainability of a complex armored vehicle.

The case is stuffed with video cameras. They allow the crew to observe the 360-degree environment around the tank. If required, zoom is activated, and a distant object can be seen in detail. There is the possibility of thermal imaging and infrared vision in any weather conditions day and night.

Armor

New armor steel grade 44S-sv-Sh will be used on the new Russian Armata tank. The steel was created by specialists from OJSC Research Institute of Steel.

The use of this steel on the promising Armata platform will make it possible to “remove” hundreds of kilograms of weight from the vehicle, where it will also be used not only for armor purposes, but also as a structural material.

The new steel was developed according to the technical specifications of the Ural Design Bureau Transport Mechanical Engineering, part of NPK Uralvagonzavod, which acted as the customer. Development and industrial development fell on the shoulders of one of the flagships of Russian metallurgy - the Volgograd Metallurgical Plant "Red October", which is also part of the structure of Uralvagonzavod.

Although the hardness of steel is no less than 54HRC, its plastic characteristics remain at the level of serial steels with a hardness of 45-48HRC. It is this combination that makes it possible to reduce the thickness and, accordingly, the weight of armored structures made of new steel by 15% without reducing the protective characteristics and survivability at low temperatures.

Power point

The power plant is a single 1200-horsepower diesel turbopiston engine A-85-3A (sometimes designated as 2A12-3, 12CHN15/16 or 12N360) for front- and rear-mounted MTO. Motor life is at least 2000 hours. Weight up to 5 tons. MTU volume up to 4 m3. There is a possibility of modernization. In terms of size, weight and power characteristics, the new product should surpass the best foreign models of engine-transmission units. It should be noted that the rated engine power is 1500 hp, up to 1200 hp. a restriction was introduced, which significantly increased the service life.

The engine was developed by the Chelyabinsk GSKB Transdiesel, and will be produced at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. The diesel four-stroke, X-shaped, 12-cylinder with gas turbine turbine supercharging and air intercooling, liquid cooling, the 12N360 engine passed the entire range of tests, from endurance to running, back in 2011.

Performance characteristics

Video

How are things going with the production of the T-14 today?

T-14 "ARMATA"

Back in March 2017, due to severe financial situation, into which the enterprise he led ended up, Oleg Sienko’s powers were terminated ahead of schedule. And the number of T-14 tanks built here is not yet in the thousands, but only in a few dozen vehicles. There were 12 tanks in the first pilot production batch (they marched across Red Square in 2015), after which another hundred tanks were ordered for “military tests.”

In 2017, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin stated that tests of the T-14 Armata tank would end in 2018, and from the following 2019, its experimental military operation would begin (for this, apparently, the above-mentioned batch of hundreds was intended tanks). Later, in February 2018, Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Yuri Borisov (since March 2018, Deputy Prime Minister for Defense-Industrial Affairs), confirmed that the Ministry of Defense has a contract for the supply of two battalions of T-14 tanks for testing. More detailed information was provided in the speech of Deputy Minister of Defense Alexei Krivoruchko at the Army-2018 forum: “... a contract has been signed today for 132 T-14 and T-15 vehicles. We will receive the first nine cars this year, production cars. The contract will be completed by the end of 2021.”

T-14 "Armata"

This means that by 2022 Russian army will have at its disposal only about a hundred T-14s, and accordingly we are no longer talking about thousands of Armatas. These tanks will most likely be sent to one of the heavy brigades (type B), which, according to the states, is supposed to have tanks on the heavy Armata platform (73 units) and heavy infantry fighting vehicles.

The temporary freeze on the start of large-scale production of the T-14 is confirmed by other statements by those responsible for the defense industry, who noted that the T-14 Armata tank is “too expensive for mass purchases.” Thus, on July 30, 2018, Deputy Prime Minister for Defense-Industrial Affairs Yuri Borisov noted: “The Russian army does not have a great need for Armata tanks, and current needs are met by modernizing the existing military equipment... We don’t have a particular need for this; these models are quite expensive compared to existing ones. ...if existing armored vehicles, in particular the updated T-72, were inferior to a potential enemy, we would promote the purchase of new weapons. But they are not inferior, which means there is no need to buy anything.”

As for the cost of the T-14, there are naturally no exact figures yet. According to information from the general director of Uralvagonzavod Oleg Sienko in 2015, the cost of one T-14 Armata tank was slightly more than 250 million rubles (at the then exchange rate about $3.7 million), although some experts estimated it at 8 million million dollars. According to later information, the cost of the Armata tank should be about 4 million dollars (this is 2 million cheaper than, for example, the German one costs
“Leopard” or the Israeli tank “Merkava”, and the French “Leclerc” generally costs $8.5 million), but the military was counting on the reduction in price of T-14 tanks by 2020.

T-14 "Armata"

Over the past month, the topic of possible T-14 supplies for export has been quite animatedly discussed in the media. As reported by Indian information publication“The Economic Times”, India is considering the possibility of purchasing T-14 Armata tanks to replace outdated modifications of the T-72 as part of the “Multipurpose future ready combat vehicles” program. At the same time, the announced amount of the probable agreement of $4.5 billion (with an estimated volume of 1,770 tanks) indicates that the information about the export of Armata is unlikely to correspond to reality. If you believe information from the Indian media, Delhi plans to pay a little more than $2.5 million for one tank, while even on the domestic market the price for the Armata exceeds $3.7-4 million.

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Russia during the dress rehearsal of the parade, dedicated to the Day Victory, demonstrated its most powerful project since graduation cold war– tank "Armata" T-14.

New tank of Russia: general information

Tank "Armata" T-14 will be a real highlight at the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the victory over Nazi Germany. Thus, about two hundred units of military equipment and 16,500 military personnel will be involved in the parade, which will take place on May 9 on Red Square. Tank production is carried out JSC "NPK "Uralvagonzavod"

Interesting Facts! In April, the Russian Ministry of Defense lifted the veil of secrecy and showed photographs of the innovative tank, only its turret was covered with fabric, so only its platform could be seen. Today you can see the Armata T-14 tank on the website of the Russian Ministry of Defense, where other types are also presented new armored vehicles. The tank arrived for the dress rehearsal completely open.

Mass production of a new Russian tank

As part of a large-scale rearmament program, it is planned to produce 2 300 T-14 tanks, with the start of operation of this vehicle scheduled for 2016.

Thanks to this number of new tanks, the Russian ground forces will replace all the outdated tanks that remain from Soviet times.

But what is the peculiarity tank "Armata" T-14?

Uninhabited tower

The main feature of this unique combat vehicle is uninhabited tower. Thus, the tank’s crew, consisting of three people, is located in a separate capsule, while the gun is controlled remotely.

Thanks to this design, it significantly increases, firstly, security level the crew itself, whose members are in the armored part of the vehicle; Secondly, effectiveness of the use of tools.

In addition, the new uninhabited tower has become much smaller, making it significantly silhouette decreased tank.

Technical characteristics of the Armata T-14 tank

But on an uninhabited tower innovations of the Armata T-14 tank don't end.

A gun

Smoothbore 125 mm gun produces fire not only with conventional projectiles, but also guided missiles.

The gun's ammunition capacity is 45 shells, while automatic loader– 32 shells. The tank's rate of fire is 10 -12 rounds per minute.

Ammunition located in a special module, which significantly increases the “survivability” of the tank. And all thanks to the fact that the possibility of detonation of ammunition when a projectile hits the vehicle body is eliminated.

Important! "Armata" can fire the following types of projectiles:

• high-explosive fragmentation
• surface-to-air missiles
• armor-piercing sub-caliber
• surface-to-surface missiles
• cumulative.

Machine gun

The Armata tank is equipped with a twin (two-barrel) 7,62 -millimeter machine gun, located outside the turret (machine gun ammunition capacity is 1000 rounds, while the same amount of rounds is stored in belts at the rear of the turret).

The tank is equipped with an additional installation with 12.7 mm machine gun called “Kord”, which is installed together with the commander’s panorama (the machine gun’s ammunition capacity is 300 rounds in the belt itself, and the same number of rounds is stored in the spare parts box directly at the rear of the turret).

Electronic systems

The tank is equipped electronic systems that collect and analyze tactical data from various sources. The presence of new electronics can significantly reduce the time between detecting a target and directly hitting it.

On the Armata tank the so-called "reaction time" from 5 - 6 seconds to 3 - 4 seconds, like German and American cars.

The following characteristics have also been improved: target engagement range, which for "Armata" is more 3.5 km. For comparison: outdated Russian tanks this parameter did not exceed 2.5 km, whereas for modern American and German cars it is 3 – 3.5 km.

Platform

Interesting fact! According to the design idea, the Armata platform can be used for other combat vehicles, for example, for an infantry fighting vehicle or self-propelled artillery installation. This will help reduce the cost of manufacturing the listed types of combat vehicles, as well as simplify their maintenance and repair.

The tank platform is presented in two versions:

• chassis with a front-mounted engine compartment (or PMTO)
• chassis with a rear engine-transmission compartment (or RMT).

Armor

The tank's armor can withstand hits from anti-tank missiles, while active protection helps intercept shells directly on approach to the tank. Armor resistance is more than 900 mm.

Power point

This part of the Armata tank is powerful diesel engine at 1500 hp

Engine life of the tank(the number of hours that the engine can operate without repair) is 2,000 hours.

Installation weight– about 5 tons.

Additional equipment "Armata" T-14

Among the additional systems of the Armata T-14 tank, the following can be noted:

• air conditioner
• aircraft-type radar that can detect dynamic and aerodynamic targets
• night vision system
• new armor that allows you to reduce the thickness of the hull by 15%, which will not affect the protective characteristics cars
• protection against weapons of so-called mass destruction
• IUS chassis (or “digital board”), with the help of which it will be possible to implement launching, control, as well as diagnosing and adjusting the machine
• seven-wheel suspension, which is controlled using vane shock absorbers;
• 12-speed automatic transmission (manual shift possible)
• digital control systems that simplify and speed up the operation of the tank.

Note that the Armata tank, whose mass is about 50 tons, equipped with a powerful diesel engine. The car is able to reach speed 80 – 90 km/h.

Armata tank hull

The hull of the Armata tank deserves special attention, which abounds high definition video cameras, allowing the crew to control the environment. The cameras operate regardless of the time of day and weather conditions.

SAZ (active protection system)

The tank is equipped with an active protection system called "Afghanite" thanks to which it became possible to counter enemy shells and missiles at a distance not exceeding 20 m.

Simply put, this system is an anti-missile and anti-ballistic tank defense that protects the combat vehicle from ground and air strikes.

The main goal of the SAZ is to implement interception not only high-speed kinetic missiles, but also impact cores, the approach speed of which is 2,500 - 3,000 m/s.

Dynamic protection

In addition to active protection, the Armata tank (or rather the vehicle's turret) is equipped three dynamic protection blocks, which are containers with pre-installed dynamic protection elements separated by layers of filler.