Why is Iskander dangerous? Iskander - one of the most advanced missile systems in the world Iskander m range missile system

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More than 24 billion rubles were allocated to 17 enterprises of the military-industrial complex to update production facilities for mass production missile systems"Iskander-M", the enterprises will invest another 16 billion themselves

"Iskander-M" is an operational-tactical missile system developed at Kolomna OJSC "NPK "KBM". Iskander was first demonstrated in August 1999 at the MAKS aerospace salon. The complex is designed to destroy small-sized and area targets - missile systems, jet systems volley fire, long-range artillery, airplanes and helicopters at airfields, command posts and communications centers.

Iskander is a weapon capable of influencing the military-political situation in some regions of the world if the states located in them do not have an extended territory. The issues of deployment of Iskander complexes, as well as their export deliveries, are the subject of political consultations between the countries.

For serial production and delivery of Iskander-M, the production facilities of 17 specialized enterprises are currently being built and reconstructed. The total volume of capital investments from budgetary and own funds is 40 billion rubles. As of June 31, 14 cooperation enterprises have approved design assignments. Design assignments for three more enterprises are in the final stages of approval, and the start of reconstruction and technical re-equipment is scheduled for 2014.

On November 14, 2011, information appeared in Russian and foreign media about the next successful launch of the 9M723 guided operational-tactical missile of the 9K720 Iskander-M multi-purpose modular missile system. The launch took place on November 10 at the Kapustin Yar test site in the Astrakhan region as part of a four-day tactical exercises 630th separate missile division, armed with Iskander-M operational-tactical missile systems.

According to the official representative of the Ministry of Defense for Ground Forces, Lieutenant Colonel N. Donyushkin, “at the final stage of the exercise, a successful combat launch of a missile equipped with the latest equipment took place.” However, he did not specify what latest equipment the launched rocket was equipped with. Nevertheless, the Izvestia newspaper, citing a source in General Staff, states that the operational-tactical missile was aimed at the target using a photographic image of the area. That is, during the flight of the rocket, a comparison was made between a real image of the terrain and a digital image pre-loaded into the rocket computer, and, as the same Izvestia source claims, “with such characteristics, the Iskander-M will be able to even reach the metro.”

As it appears, we're talking about about one of the types of correlation seekers that correct the operation of the inertial control system of a rocket at the last stage of the flight trajectory, or more precisely, about the optical correlation seeker 9E436, created in the early 90s at the Moscow TsNIIAG and shown at Eurosatory-2004. Some experts consider one of the disadvantages of this guidance system to be the impossibility of hitting a target that has not been photographed and loaded into the computer in advance, but it should be taken into account that there is another type of seeker - radar-correlation. According to military expert K. Sivkov, “thanks to this guidance system, the accuracy of the missile when hitting the target is no more than five meters. Considering that the mass of the 9M723 charge is 500 kg, this will make it possible to destroy almost any, even deeply buried objects on enemy territory. Now the accuracy of Iskander missiles is no more than ten meters.” He also added that “these missile systems need to be placed in the central part of the country, aimed at the west, which, if necessary, will make it possible to disable the missile defense system located in European countries in a few minutes.”

The operational-tactical missile system (OTRK) "Iskander" ("Iskander-E" - for export, "Iskander-M" - for the Russian army) was created under the conditions of the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty and the refusal to use nuclear weapons in theaters of war by opposing sides. In this regard, the complex was created taking into account such fundamentally new requirements for newly developed missile systems, such as: refusal to use nuclear weapons and the use of warheads only in conventional equipment, ensuring high firing accuracy, control of the missile along the entire (most part) of its trajectory flight, the ability to install warheads on a missile, taking into account the type of targets to be hit, a high degree of automation in the processes of information exchange and control of combat work.

At the same time, the complex must be able to use data from global satellite navigation systems (Glonass, NAVSTAR), hit moving and stationary targets with a high degree of protection, have increased fire performance, and effectively overcome enemy air and missile defense systems.

The development of the Iskander complex in its original form began at the Mechanical Engineering Design Bureau (Kolomna, hereinafter referred to as KBM) on an initiative basis by order of the chief designer S.P. Invincible and under his leadership in 1987. KBM’s competitor for the development of a new generation OTR was the Tula Instrument Design Bureau under the leadership of A.G. Shipunov, which proposed its project. The resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers on financing the design work of the complex was issued in 1988. When creating the complex, the task was set to ensure interaction within the RUK "Equality" with the M-55 target designation aircraft (developed by RUK - NIIEMI). The original project may have planned to use the SPU 9P76 with one missile. The KShM of the RUK "Equality" was designed on the MAZ-543 chassis (the KShM is similar to the KShM "Polyana").

The mobile high-precision operational-tactical missile system (OTRK) is designed to destroy small-sized and area targets with conventional combat units in the depths of the operational formation of enemy troops.

The goals may be:

· various means of fire destruction (missile systems, jet systems volley fire, long-range artillery);

· anti-missile and air defense;

· airplanes and helicopters at airfields;

· command posts and communication centers;

· critical civil infrastructure facilities;

· other important small-sized and area targets on enemy territory.

High mobility and short preparation time for launching missiles ensure the secret preparation of the Iskander OTRK for combat use.

The main elements that make up the Iskander OTRK are: a missile, a self-propelled launcher, a transport-loading vehicle, a routine maintenance vehicle, a command and staff vehicle, an information preparation point, a set of arsenal equipment, and training facilities.

Rocket The Iskander complex is a solid-fuel, single-stage, with a warhead that cannot be separated in flight, guided and vigorously maneuvered throughout the entire difficult-to-predict flight path. It maneuvers especially actively during the starting and final stages of the flight, during which it approaches the target with a high (20-30 units) overload. This necessitates an anti-missile flight to intercept an Iskander OTRK missile with an overload 2-3 times greater, which is currently practically impossible.

Most of the flight path of the Iskander missile, made using stealth technology with a small reflective surface, passes at an altitude of 50 km, which also significantly reduces the likelihood of it being hit by the enemy. The effect of "invisibility" is ensured by the combination design features rockets and treating its surface with special coatings.

To launch the missile to the target, an inertial control system is used, which is subsequently captured by an autonomous correlation-extreme optical homing head (GOS). The operating principle of the missile homing system is based on the formation by optical equipment of the seeker of an image of the terrain in the target area, which the on-board computer compares with the standard entered into it when preparing the missile for launch. The optical homing head is characterized by increased sensitivity and resistance to existing means electronic warfare, which makes it possible to launch missiles on moonless nights without additional natural illumination and hit a moving target with an error of plus or minus two meters. Currently, except for the Iskander OTRK, no other similar missile system in the world can solve this problem.

It is characteristic that the optical homing system used in the rocket does not require corrective signals from space radio navigation systems, which in crisis situations can be disabled by radio interference or simply turned off. The integrated use of an inertial control system with satellite navigation equipment and an optical seeker made it possible to create a missile that can hit a given target in almost any possible conditions.

The homing head installed on the Iskander OTRK missile can be installed on ballistic and cruise missiles of various classes and types.

To defeat various types targets, the missile can be equipped with ten types of warheads (cluster warhead with fragmentation warheads of non-contact detonation, cluster warhead with cumulative warheads, cluster warhead with self-aiming warheads, cluster warhead with volume-detonating action, high-explosive fragmentation warhead, high-explosive incendiary warhead, warhead penetrating to great depths). The cassette warhead deploys at an altitude of 0.9-1.4 km, where combat elements of various effects are separated from it and continue their stabilized flight. They are equipped with radio sensors that ensure they are detonated at a height of 6-10 m above the target.

"Iskander - M" for the Russian Army, launcher for two missiles 9M723, 9M723-1, 9M723-1F or 9M723-1K (NATO classification SS-26 STONE), with a maximum flight range of up to 500 km (minimum range - 50 km) and a warhead mass of 480 kg (according to some sources, 500 kg). Single-stage solid-fuel rocket 9M723, controlled at all stages of flight with a quasi-ballistic trajectory. The warhead of a cluster-type missile has 54 fragmentation elements with non-contact detonation or also a cluster type with elements of a volumetric detonating effect. Curb flight weight - 3,800 kg, diameter - 920 mm, length - 7,200 mm.

"Iskander-K", a missile system for launching cruise missiles, for example R-500, the maximum flight range of which is up to 2,000 km.

Iskander-E, an export version of the missile system for the 9M723E missile (NATO classification SS-26 STONE B) with a maximum flight range of no more than 280 km and meeting the requirements of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR).

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sources
http: //www.arms-expo.ru
http: //topwar.ru
http: //militaryrussia.ru

The current geopolitical situation is such that in order to maintain sovereignty and authority in international relations, the country simply needs modern weapons. This is especially true when it comes to tactical nuclear complexes, which are the last guarantee of peace on the planet. Of course, the main role in containing a potential enemy belongs to strategic missiles, but even the Iskander missile system can keep many from making rash decisions.

This type of weapon was created to destroy low-visibility targets in layered enemy defenses while on the move. This is all the more important because the modern strategy for conducting military operations presupposes preventive disarmament strikes that will not allow a potential enemy to use his missile defense systems.

Creation conditions

It was created in conditions when the USSR and the USA signed a treaty limiting the number of tactical nuclear warheads (INF). This happened in 1987. At the same time, potential opponents agreed to completely abandon the use nuclear weapons in the combat conditions of the future.

It was precisely because of this that a huge number of requirements were placed on the new complex: a complete abandonment of nuclear destructive elements was required, it was necessary to ensure almost pinpoint accuracy of fire, coupled with the highest possible controllability of the missile. In addition, specialists were required to ensure the greatest possible degree of automation of both the flight of the rocket and its launch.

Not least because of this, the Iskander missile system in Kaliningrad created a real “furor” among Baltic politicians, who, in panic, began to talk about a new threat looming over their sovereignty.

The role of satellite navigation systems

The main requirement, which corresponds to the realities of our time, was the possibility of using data obtained from satellite positioning systems (GLONASS, NAVSTAR). The new complex was required to be able to hit even moving armored targets with high efficiency, have the highest possible rate of fire, and also overcome the enemy’s deeply layered missile defense system.

First experience

The finished Iskander missile system was first tested back in 2007. S. Ivanov, who was then Prime Minister, reported to the President that the deviation from the target did not exceed one meter. These highest performance were fully confirmed after reviewing data from all visual controls that were used in testing that day.

All this splendor was created in KBM, Kolomna. Given design department is known all over the world, since it was from here that the Tochka, Strela and Osa complexes, as well as other examples of domestic air defense systems of various generations, began their “career”. Other elements were manufactured at the Titan Central Design Bureau (launching system), Central Research Institute of Automation and Hydraulics (the most important automatic projectile guidance system).

What is it intended for?

As we have already said, the Iskander missile system was created specifically for targeted strikes against targets deeply hidden behind enemy lines, protected by modern missile defense systems.

The following objects can act as targets:

• Enemy artillery and missile systems, large concentrations of armored vehicles.
• ABM means.
• Aviation formations at the time of deployment at airfields.
• All command and communications personnel of the complex.
• Large infrastructure facilities, the loss of which would have a painful impact on the enemy.
• Other important objects in enemy territory.

Since the Iskander anti-aircraft missile system is stealthy and very high speed preparing it for launch, it poses a very serious threat to all potential adversaries.

What is included in Iskander?

The complex includes the following essential elements: self-propelled gun for her, a machine for transporting and loading shells. In addition, there is a separate complex for repair and maintenance of all equipment, a headquarters and special machine for analyzing the information received, as well as training tools for staff.

Characteristics of the rocket used

The Iskander tactical missile system we are considering uses a solid-fuel rocket with one stage, the warhead of which does not separate in flight. Despite vigorous maneuvering in flight, the projectile can be controlled throughout its entire path by an operator from the command post. The product is particularly maneuverable at launch and when approaching the target, when the rocket is under overloads of 30G. Since missile defense systems must approach it at twice the speed, at present there are simply no effective means of countering the Iskander.

The shell body is made using a special technique that reduces its visibility to enemy air defense systems. In addition, the missile travels most of its way at an altitude of more than 50 km, which also reduces the chances of its timely interception tenfold. Invisibility to radar is ensured by special coatings, the composition of which is classified.

This is precisely what explains the triumph of domestic industry when the Iskander was adopted. A missile system (Kaliningrad and its entirety is already equipped) of this type should soon be received by all military units in the country.

Principles of targeting

The launch of the missile to the target is carried out by the complex operators, after which the most complex homing system comes into play. The equipment scans the terrain in flight, forming a digital model of it. It is constantly compared with the image standard that was loaded into the rocket’s memory before the flight.

The optical homing head is characterized by excellent protection against jamming systems, as well as excellent ability to recognize targets in almost any conditions. This allows you to hit a moving target (with an error of no more than a couple of meters) on a completely moonless night. Such accuracy under such conditions cannot be realized by any of the systems. rocket fire, in service with NATO.

This is why they don’t like Iskander there. The missile system in Syria, delivered there in December last year, immediately reduced the intensity of passions and helped the legitimate government oust anti-popular forces from the country. In addition, the Russian side received valuable information about the combat use of the latest missiles.

"Independent" rocket

Despite the fact that under normal conditions the Iskander missile system can be guided by signals from satellites of global positioning systems, in the right conditions its operators can do just fine without them. Electro-optical guidance systems are so accurate that they make it possible to hit targets in almost any given conditions.

By the way, the Iskander homing system, if necessary, can be easily installed even on ballistic nuclear missiles, which makes the prospects of a potential enemy completely gloomy. Because of this, the Russian Iskander missile system has a very sinister reputation in the West, although its characteristics clearly do not reach those of intercontinental nuclear weapons.

Characteristics of the warhead

The designers included the possibility of using ten different types of ammunition at once. These include elements with non-contact detonation, combat elements with cumulative action, cluster ammunition with homing elements, as well as simple high-explosive, fragmentation and incendiary varieties. If a missile with homing elements is used, they will hit multiple targets, exploding at a height of six to ten meters above them.

The projectile itself in firing position weighs almost four tons, and the weight of the warhead itself is 480 kg. Thus, the Iskander-K missile system is one of the most powerful means non-nuclear deterrence, which are in service with our army.

Characteristics of other elements

The self-propelled launch system allows you to simultaneously transport up to two missiles, allowing you to launch them at an angle of up to 90 degrees relative to the terrain. It is located on a wheeled chassis with an 8x8 formula, which can even pass through places where there are no roads at all (MAZ-79306 “Astrologer”). Among other things, this ensures the maximum possible mobility of the complex even in war time.

Some characteristics of control and guidance equipment

The installation can independently determine the coordinates of its location, exchange information with all elements of the Iskander, and provide single and salvo missile launches. The time from arrival to salvo is no more than 20 minutes, provided the crew is prepared, and no more than one minute elapses between shell launches. This makes the Iskander missile system, whose characteristics are already impressive, a very dangerous means of attack.

There is no need to prepare starting positions. In addition, the crew does not need to leave the cockpit: having received the order, the specialists stop the Iskander in a given square, prepare all systems and fire a salvo. The only exception is swampy areas, where it is necessary to prepare a more or less stable launch pad. After the launch, the vehicle moves to pre-designated positions for recharging.

Thus, Iskander-M is a new generation missile system that provides reliable protection state sovereignty.

Information about the chassis and other vehicles

The chassis weight is 42 tons, the weight of the transported payload is at least 19 tons, and on highways and paved country roads the speed is 70 (40) km/h. At one gas station, the Iskander can travel at least 1000 km. The usual crew size is three people, but in wartime their number can be increased.

The vehicle for transportation and loading is also mounted on the MAZ-79306 (“Astrologer”) chassis. Equipped with a hydromechanical loading mechanism. The mass is exactly 40 tons; maintenance will require two people.

Headquarters complex

The heart of the entire complex is the command and staff vehicle. It is produced on the basis of KAMAZ vehicles. Information exchange between all elements of the Iskander can be carried out both in normal and deeply encrypted mode. In the latter case, the speed of information exchange does not suffer in any way.

The headquarters complex is equipped with four fully automated positions for operators; the maximum range of data transmission between vehicles is 350 kilometers for parked vehicles and 50 kilometers in combat march conditions. The continuous operation time of all elements of the guidance and control system is about two days.

Mechanical Maintenance Machine

As in the previous case, it is based on the chassis of KamAZ vehicles. Designed to check the condition of missiles both in the launcher itself and in transport containers, it allows you to check and repair all the devices and mechanisms of the complex without resorting to transporting it to the place of permanent deployment. The machine weighs only 13.5 tons, deploys in less than 20 minutes, and the time to check all systems and mechanisms does not exceed 18 minutes. The complex is serviced by two people.

In general, the Iskander missile system, the performance characteristics of which we are revealing, is distinguished by its rare maintainability even in the most extreme conditions.

Information collection, analysis and preparation point

This machine is used to collect and analyze information that is intended to be entered into the on-board computer of missiles. The structure includes two automated workstations for operators who can detect and transmit the coordinates of attacked targets in one to two minutes. Can carry out continuous combat duty for 16 hours.

Finally, the life support machine. It can be made on the chassis of any commercially produced truck and serves for resting and eating for up to eight people at the same time.

Key features of the complex

Its main advantage is how and by whom Iskander-M was created. designed by outstanding designers based on all the data accumulated by the Soviet and Russian armies. On this moment it significantly surpasses not only all previous domestic developments, but also all competing foreign models.

In general, the Iskander anti-aircraft missile system has a number of key features:

• Incredibly accurate destruction of even small and well-protected targets from the air.
• Its stealth and rapid deployment make it an extremely dangerous adversary.
• The combat mission can be effectively carried out even in the face of active enemy opposition.
• Excellent tactical maneuverability and cross-country ability, ensured by the high characteristics of the transport chassis.
• The highest degree of automation of all combat processes.
• Long service life and ease of even field repairs.

In addition, the Iskander operational-tactical missile system fully meets all the requirements imposed by international treaties on the non-proliferation of certain types of weapons. IN local conflicts can be considered as a deterrent weapon, and for countries with a small territory even be the main type missile weapons. The structure of the complex suggests the possibility of further modification, which guarantees the Iskander long service in guarding state interests.

Other positives

The control and guidance system is deeply integrated with similar equipment of all similar complexes that are in service with the state. It can receive information not only from a data collection and processing machine, but also from a reconnaissance aircraft, UAV or other equipment. The flight mission is calculated almost instantly. The command for a combat launch can be given not only by the commander of the complex, but also by the high military command from closed positions.

Since one Iskander carries two missiles on board, and not even two minutes pass between their salvos, the power of a division fully equipped with these complexes is comparable to that of a small country. In principle, when making the right choice ammunition, this type of weapon is quite equivalent to a short-range nuclear weapon.

High-precision operational-tactical missile system ground forces The 9K720 Iskander is designed for covert preparation and delivery of effective missile strikes against particularly important small-sized and area targets deep in the operational formation of enemy troops: fire weapons (missile systems, MLRS, long-range artillery), aircraft and helicopters at airfields, command posts and communications centers , the most important objects civil infrastructure.

OTRK 9K720 was created as a result collaboration groups of research institutes, design bureaus and factories under the leadership of the Mechanical Engineering Design Bureau (KBM Kolomna), known as the company that created the Tochka and Oka missile systems. The launcher was developed by the Titan Design Bureau (Volgograd), the homing system was developed by the Central Research Institute of Automation and Hydraulics (Moscow).

Under the conditions of the 1987 INF Treaty and the cessation of the use of nuclear weapons in theaters of operations, a number of fundamentally new requirements are imposed on modern tactical systems:

the use of only non-nuclear weapons;

ensuring precision shooting accuracy;

control along the entire flight path;

a wide range of effective combat equipment;

availability of an automation system in the complex combat control and information support systems, including the preparation of reference information for correction and final guidance systems;

possibility of integration with global satellite navigation systems (GSSN - "GLONASS", "NAVSTAR");

the ability to hit heavily protected targets;

increased fire performance;

the ability to effectively overcome the effects of air defense and missile defense systems;

the ability to hit moving targets.

To meet the above requirements, an export version of the OTRK 9K720 was created, which received the designation "Iskander-E." "Iskander-E" absorbed the best scientific, technical and design achievements in the field of operational-tactical missile systems and, in terms of the totality of those implemented technical solutions, high combat effectiveness is a weapon of a completely new generation, superior in its tactical and technical characteristics existing RK 9K72 "Elbrus", "Tochka-U", "Lance", "ATASMS", "Pluton", etc.

Main features of the RK 9K720 Iskander:

highly accurate and effective destruction of various types of targets;

the possibility of covert training, combat duty and effective missile strikes;

automatic calculation and input of missile flight missions using launcher means;

high probability of completing a combat mission in the face of active enemy opposition;

high probability of trouble-free functioning of the rocket during preparation for launch, as well as in flight;

high tactical maneuverability due to the high maneuverability of combat vehicles mounted on all-wheel drive chassis,

strategic mobility due to the transportability of vehicles by all modes of transport, including transport aviation;

automation of combat control of missile units,

prompt processing and communication of intelligence information to the appropriate management levels;

long service life and ease of use.

In terms of its tactical and technical characteristics, Iskander-E fully complies with the provisions of the Missile Technology Non-Proliferation Control Regime. This is a “weapon of deterrence” in local conflicts, and for countries with limited living space - a strategic weapon. The structure of the complex, its control systems, automated combat control and information support make it possible to quickly respond to new requirements without significant modification of its combat assets and, as a result, guarantee it a long life cycle.

For arming the Russian army, a version of the Iskander-M missile system with an increased flight range (more than 450 km) has been developed, as well as the Iskander-K, equipped with the R-500 high-precision cruise missile (range up to 2600 km) of the Caliber system developed by the Yekaterinburg JSC "OKB "Novator". The complex was successfully tested in 2007 at the Kapustin Yar training ground.

In 2007, the training division in Kapustin Yar, which took part in the war with Georgia in August 2008, was equipped with Iskander-M complexes (four combat vehicles).

In the west the complex received the designation SS-26.

Compound

The complex includes:

9M723 rocket;

self-propelled launcher 9P78 (SPU);

transport-loading machine 9T250 (TZM);

command and staff vehicle 9S552 (KShM);

mobile information preparation station 9S920 (PPI);

regulation and maintenance machine (MRTO);

life support machine;

sets of arsenal and training equipment.

The 9M723 rocket is a solid-fuel, single-stage missile with a warhead that cannot be separated in flight. The rocket is controlled throughout its flight path using aerodynamic and gas-dynamic rudders. The flight path of the 9M723 is not ballistic, but controlled. The rocket constantly changes its trajectory plane. It maneuvers especially actively during its acceleration and approach to the target - with an overload of 20 to 30g. In order to intercept a 9M723 missile, the antimissile must move along a trajectory with an overload two to three times higher, and this is practically impossible. Most of the flight path of a missile made using Stealth technology and having a small reflective surface passes at an altitude of 50 km, which also significantly reduces the likelihood of it being hit by the enemy. The “invisibility” effect is achieved through a combination of design features and the treatment of the rocket with special coatings.

The missile is launched directly at the target using an inertial control system, and then captured by an autonomous correlation-extreme optical homing head (see photo). The principle of operation of the OTR 9M723 homing system is that optical equipment forms an image of the terrain in the target area, which is compared by the on-board computer with the standard entered during the preparation of the missile for launch. The optical head has increased resistance to existing electronic warfare systems and allows successful missile launches even on moonless nights, when there is no additional natural target illumination, hitting the target with an error of plus or minus two meters. No other tactical system in the world can solve such a problem, except for the Iskander. In addition, optical systems do not require signals from space radio navigation systems, which in crisis situations can be turned off or disabled by radio interference. Integrating inertial control with satellite navigation equipment and an optical seeker makes it possible to create a missile that can hit a given target in almost any imaginable conditions. The homing head can also be used on ballistic and cruise missiles of various classes and types.

The missile can be equipped with various warheads (10 types in total), including:

a cluster warhead with fragmentation warheads for non-contact detonation;

cluster warhead with cumulative fragmentation warheads;

cluster warhead with self-aiming combat elements;

cluster warhead with volumetric detonating action;

high-explosive fragmentation warhead (HFW);

high-explosive incendiary warhead;

penetrating warhead (PBC).

The cluster warhead ensures deployment at an altitude of 0.9-1.4 km with further separation and stabilization of the combat elements. The combat elements are equipped with radio sensors; the combat elements are detonated at a height of 6-10 m above the target.

Thanks to the implementation of terminal control and guidance methods, control along the entire flight path, a wide range of powerful combat units and the integration of onboard control systems with various correction and homing systems, as well as the high probability of completing a combat mission in conditions of active enemy counteraction, typical targets are hit by the launch of only 1- 2 Iskander-E missiles, which is equivalent in effectiveness to the use of nuclear weapons.

The fully autonomous SPU is placed on an 8x8 all-terrain wheeled chassis (MZKT-7930) and is designed for storing and transporting missiles, preparing for launch and launching within the firing sector ±90° relative to the direction of entry of the SPU. The SPU provides: automatic determination of its coordinates, data exchange with all control levels, combat duty and preparation for launch with the missile in a horizontal position, single and salvo missile launches, storage and testing of missiles. The most important feature of the launcher was the placement on it not of one (as in Tochka and Oka), but of two missiles. The time the launcher spends at the launch position is minimal and is up to 20 minutes, while the interval between the launches of the 1st and 2nd missiles is no more than one minute. Missile launches do not require launch positions that are specially prepared in terms of engineering and geodesy, which can lead to their discovery by the enemy. Launches can be carried out from the so-called “ready from the march”, i.e. the launcher drives onto any site (except for swampy areas and shifting sands) and its crew prepares and launches the rocket in an automated cycle, without leaving the cabin. After which the launcher moves to the reloading point and, after loading the missiles, is ready to launch a second missile strike from any launch position.

The TZM is also located on the MZKT-7930 chassis and is equipped with a jib crane. Full combat weight - 40,000 kg, TZM crew - 2 people.

The automated control system is built on the basis of a command and staff vehicle, unified for all levels of management, built on a KAMAZ family chassis. Setting to a certain management level (brigade, division, starting battery) is carried out programmatically during operation. To ensure information exchange, the launcher houses combat control and communications equipment. Information exchange can be carried out both through open and closed communication channels.

Iskander-E is integrated with various reconnaissance and control systems. Information about the target is transmitted from a satellite, reconnaissance aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicle aircraft(type "Flight-D") to the information preparation point (PPI). It calculates the flight mission for the missile and prepares reference information for missiles with OGSN. This information is then transmitted via radio channels to the command post vehicles (CSVs) of the division and battery commanders, and from there to the launchers. Commands to launch missiles can be generated either in the command post or from the control centers of senior artillery commanders.

The regulation and maintenance vehicle (MRTO) is located on the chassis of the Kamaz family and is intended for routine checks of on-board equipment of missiles placed on TZM (as well as in containers), checks of instruments included in group sets of spare parts for complex elements and routine repair of missiles by forces MRT calculation. Vehicle weight - 13500 kg, deployment time - 20 minutes, time of the automated cycle of routine check of the rocket's on-board equipment - 18 minutes, crew - 2 people.

The life support vehicle is designed to accommodate combat crews (up to 8 people) for rest and food.

Performance characteristics

“Iskander” (complex index - 9K720, according to the classification of the US Department of Defense and NATO - SS-26 Stone, English Stone) - a family of operational-tactical missile systems (OTRK): Iskander, Iskander-E, Iskander-K, Iskander-M. The complex was developed at the Kolomna Mechanical Engineering Design Bureau (KBM). Iskander was first publicly presented in August 1999 at the MAKS aerospace salon.

Story

The development of the Iskander OTRK was started in accordance with the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated December 21, 1988 No. 1452-294 “on the start of development work on the creation of the Iskander OTRK”, as a result, among other things, of the personal efforts of the chief KBM designer S.P. Invincible, who proved to the Military-Industrial Commission of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers of the USSR the need to create a missile system instead of the Oka OTRK that is not subject to the provisions of the INF Treaty with the United States.

On October 11, 2011, the first stage of testing of the updated Iskander-M missile system with new combat equipment was completed. The 9M723 missile of the Iskander-M complex is equipped with a new correlation guidance system.

Main characteristics

Purpose of the complex

Designed to engage combat units in conventional equipment against small-sized and area targets deep in the operational formation of enemy troops. It is assumed that it can be a means of delivering tactical nuclear weapons.

Most likely targets:

fire weapons (missile systems, multiple launch rocket systems, long-range artillery)

missile defense and air defense systems

airplanes and helicopters at airfields

command posts and communication centers

critical civil infrastructure facilities

Composition of the complex

TZM 9T250-1 of the Iskander-M complex at the dress rehearsal of the 2010 Victory Parade in Moscow.

The complex includes six types of vehicles (51 units per missile brigade):

Self-propelled launcher (SPU) (9P78-1) 12 pcs. - designed for storing, transporting, preparing and launching two missiles at a target. The Iskander can be made on the basis of a special wheeled chassis produced by the Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant (MZKT-7930). Gross weight 42 tons, payload 19 tons, highway/dirt road speed 70/40 km/h, fuel range 1000 km. Calculation 3 people.

Transport-loading machine (TZM) (9T250 (9T250E)) 12 pcs. - designed to transport two additional missiles. Made on the MZKT-7930 chassis, equipped with a loading crane. Total combat weight 40 tons. Crew 2 people.

Command and staff vehicle (KShM) (9S552) 11 pcs. - designed to control the entire Iskander complex. Made on a KAMAZ 43101 wheeled chassis. Radio station R-168-100KAE “Aqueduct”. Calculation 4 people. Characteristics of the crankshaft:

maximum radio range when stationary/on the move: 350/50 km

task calculation time for missiles: up to 10 s

command transmission time: up to 15 s

number of communication channels: up to 16

deployment (collapse) time: up to 30 minutes

continuous operation time: 48 hours

Regulations and maintenance machine (MRTO) - designed to check on-board equipment of rockets and instruments, to carry out routine repairs. Made on a KamAZ wheeled chassis. Weight is 13.5 tons, deployment time does not exceed 20 minutes, the time of the automated cycle of routine checks of the on-board equipment of the rocket is 18 minutes, crew 2 people.

Information Preparation Point (IPP) (9S920, KAMAZ 43101) - designed to determine the coordinates of the target and prepare flight missions for missiles with their subsequent transfer to the SPU. The PPI is interfaced with reconnaissance assets and can receive tasks and assigned targets from all necessary sources, including from a satellite, aircraft or UAV. Calculation 2 people.

Life support machine (LSM) 14 pcs. - designed for accommodation, rest and eating of combat crews. It is made on a KAMAZ 43118 wheeled chassis. The vehicle includes: a rest compartment and a utility compartment. The rest compartment has 6 carriage-type berths with folding upper beds, 2 lockers, built-in lockers, and an opening window. The utility compartment has 2 lockers with seats, a folding lifting table, a water supply system with a 300-liter tank, a tank for heating water, a pump for pumping water, a drainage system, a sink, and a dryer for clothes and shoes.

A set of arsenal equipment and training facilities.

Combat characteristics

Circular probable deviation: 10-30 m (depending on the guidance system used); 5-7 m (Iskander-M using a missile with a correlation seeker)

Rocket launch weight: 3,800 kg

Warhead weight: 480 kg

Length 7.2 m

Diameter 920 mm

Rocket speed after the initial part of the trajectory: 2,100 m/s

The maximum overload during flight is 20-30G (the rocket maneuvers in flight both in altitude and in flight direction). The maximum trajectory altitude is 50 km.

Minimum target engagement range: 50 km

Maximum target range:

500 km Iskander-K (500 km with the R-500 cruise missile, according to some sources up to 700 km)

280 km Iskander-E (export)

Guidance: INS, GLONASS, Optical seeker

Time before first rocket launch: 4-16 minutes

Interval between launches: 1 minute (for 9P78 launcher with two missiles)

Operating temperature range: −50 °C to 50 °C

Service life: 10 years, including 3 years in field conditions

Types of head parts

In normal equipment:

cassette with 54 fragmentation combat elements of non-contact detonation (triggered at a height of about 10 m above the ground)

cassette with cumulative fragmentation combat elements

cassette with self-aiming combat elements

cassette volumetric detonating action

high-explosive fragmentation (HFBCH)

high explosive incendiary

penetrating (PrBC)

special (nuclear)

Rockets

The Iskander complex includes two types of missiles: ballistic 9M723 and cruise missiles bearing the index 9M728.

The 9M723 missile has one stage with a solid propellant engine. The trajectory of movement is quasi-ballistic (not ballistic, maneuvering), the rocket is controlled throughout the entire flight using aerodynamic and gas-dynamic rudders. Manufactured using technologies to reduce radar signature (so-called “Stealth Technologies”): small dispersion surface, special coatings, small size of protruding parts. Most of the flight takes place at an altitude of about 50 km. The missile conducts intensive maneuvering with overloads of the order of 20-30 units during the initial and final phases of the flight. The guidance system is mixed: inertial at the initial and middle stages of the flight and optical (using a seeker developed by TsNIIAG) at the final stage of the flight, which achieves a high accuracy of 5-7 m. It is possible to use GPS/GLONASS in addition to the inertial guidance system. There are several modifications of the missile that differ in warhead and telemetry.

On September 20, 2014, during the Vostok-2014 command post exercises, the Iskander-M missile system was fired for the first time with a 9M728 cruise missile. The launches were carried out by the 107th separate missile brigade (Birobidzhan). Developer and manufacturer - OKB Novator. Chief designer– P.I. Kamnev. The missile was tested from May 30, 2007. Firing range: maximum – up to 500 km.

From 2013, it is planned to supply the Russian Armed Forces with missiles equipped with an electronic warfare system, which will provide cover for the missile during the final flight phase. This system includes means of passive and active jamming of enemy air and missile defense surveillance and firing radars through noise and the release of false targets.

Options

Iskander-M - an option for the Russian armed forces, 2 missiles on launchers, the firing range in various sources varies from that stated for the Iskander-E - 280 km - to 500 km (it is not indicated with what type of warhead (warhead mass) is achieved corresponding range). Flight altitude is 6-50 km, most of it usually takes place at maximum height. Controlled throughout the flight. The trajectory is not ballistic and difficult to predict. The missile is made using low radar signature technology and also has a radio-absorbing coating and is a relatively small target in natural physical size. Predicting the target when attempting an early interception is further complicated by intensive maneuvering during takeoff and descent to the target. When descending to the target, the missile maneuvers with an overload of 20-30 units, descending at a speed of 700-800 m/s (these figures exceed or are on the verge of capabilities best systems medium-range missile defense/air defense), at an angle of about 90 degrees (in some cases, only the angle of attack is enough to completely defenseless the attacked missile defense system, and even more so air defense, especially short-range), thus the Iskander-M has a number of advantages over its analogues, and high possibilities of not just hitting a target, but even means of defense in the form modern systems PRO.

The missile carries a complex set of passive and active jammers; when approaching the target, false targets and jammers are additionally shot at. Model M is additionally equipped with an electronic warfare system to disrupt the operation of enemy radars. All this also provides the missile with high combat effectiveness in comparison with simpler similar missiles.

Maneuvering at high altitudes is ensured by speed and aerodynamic rudders. Such maneuvering is not intensive, but it places extremely high demands on the reaction time for the interceptor (in a hundredth of a second, missiles get closer to tens of meters, the reaction time of one of the fastest-responding missile defense systems is more than 5 seconds, as well as open-source air defense systems). If the interceptor is kinetic, this also requires successful trajectory prediction with high accuracy. To successfully intercept a ballistic target with a high probability, previously developed before the Iskander non-ballistic complexes, it was sufficiently early to detect a target of appropriate size and speed, and, having predicted the trajectory, ensure the interception. However, Iskander changes his trajectory. The Oka complex, the predecessor of the Iskander, could change the target while maintaining a stable trajectory before and after the maneuver, thereby moving away from the interceptor, or at least reducing the effective protection zone, requiring time to recalculate the meeting point.

Iskander-E - export version, firing range 280 km, warhead weight 480 kg. It is a simplified version of the Iskander-M. Maneuvering the rocket at high altitude is ensured by aerodynamic rudders and a flight speed of 2100 meters per second throughout the high-altitude flight. Satisfies the conditions of the Missile Technology Control Regime.

Iskander-K - variant using cruise missiles, firing range 500 km, warhead weight 480 kg. The missile's flight altitude is about 7 meters when reaching the target, and no higher than 6 km; the missile is automatically adjusted throughout the flight and automatically follows the terrain. R-500 cruise missiles with a range of 2000 km are also produced for the Iskander-K OTRK.

Combat use

Reliable information about combat use There are no Iskander complexes, but there have been reports, refuted by the Russian military, that the complex was used during the Georgian-South Ossetian armed conflict 2008.

According to the head of the Analytical Department of the Georgian Ministry of Internal Affairs, Shota Utiashvili, Russia used Iskander missile systems at sites in Poti, Gori and the Baku-Supsa pipeline.

Mikhail Barabanov, an expert from the Moscow Defense Brief, points out that the Iskander complex was used at the base of a separate tank battalion in Gori. As a result of a direct hit by a warhead on the Georgian battalion's weapons depot, it was blown up. However, the author notes that this information is based on unverified sources. A Dutch commission investigating the circumstances of the death of RTL Nieuws television cameraman Stan Storimans in Gori on August 12, 2008, determined that the journalist died from being hit by one 5-mm steel ball. According to the BBC, the Dutch commission expressed an expert opinion that the carrier of the cluster munition was Iskander, but the report did not indicate on what grounds such a conclusion was made. Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that the data provided by the Dutch side is not enough to determine the type of media. Earlier, Human Rights Watch put forward another version, according to which the death of the Dutch journalist was caused by RBK-250 aviation cluster bombs.

Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces, Colonel General Anatoly Nogovitsyn, denied all reports about the use of Iskander missiles in Georgia, saying that the Iskander complex during combat operations in South Ossetia was not used.

Policy

The Iskander operational-tactical missile system is a weapon that can influence the military-political situation in some regions of the world if the states located in them do not have an extended territory. Therefore, the issues of deployment of Iskander complexes, as well as their export deliveries, are the subject of political consultations between countries.

On November 5, 2008, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, speaking to the Federal Assembly, said that the response to the American missile defense system in Poland would be the deployment of Iskander missile systems in the Kaliningrad region. But after the United States refused to deploy a missile defense system in Eastern Europe, Medvedev said that in response Russia would not deploy this complex in the Kaliningrad region. Due to the escalation of tensions between Russia and the United States, at the end of 2011 the issue of deploying the Iskander OTRK in the Kaliningrad region remained open. On November 23, 2011, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev again stated that Russian Federation is ready to deploy the Iskander complex if NATO countries continue to deploy a missile defense system in Europe.

On January 25, 2012, it became known that the first division of Iskander operational-tactical missile systems in the Kaliningrad region would be deployed and put on combat duty by Russia in the second half of 2012. However, on the same day the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation denied this information, saying that there was no decision on approving the staff of the military unit Baltic Fleet, equipped with Iskander missile systems, was not accepted by the General Staff. On December 15, 2013, German media, citing sources in security structures, reported that Russia had deployed Iskander missile systems in the Kaliningrad region. This is evidenced by satellite images, which show at least ten Iskander-M complexes deployed in Kaliningrad, as well as along the border with the Baltic countries. The rollout could occur throughout 2013.

The complexes were transferred to the Kaliningrad region during military exercises and a surprise check of the combat readiness of the Western Military District and the Northern Fleet in December 2014 and March 2015.

In 2005, it became known about plans to supply Iskander complexes to Syria. This caused a sharp negative reaction from Israel and the United States. During a visit to Israel, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced a ban on such supplies to prevent an imbalance of power in the region. In August 2008, during a visit to Moscow, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad expressed his readiness to deploy complexes in Syria.

On February 15, 2010, the President of the unrecognized Transnistria, Igor Smirnov, spoke in favor of deploying Iskander missiles in the republic in response to plans to deploy US missile defense systems in Romania and Bulgaria.

In service

Russia (as of February 2016): 6 brigades (72 SPU)

26th missile brigade of the Western Military District (Luga) - the re-equipment of the brigade began in 2010 with the supply of 6 complexes (PU), in 2011 the formation of the first brigade (12 PU) was completed;

107th Missile Brigade of the Eastern Military District (Birobidzhan) - completely rearmed on June 28, 2013 (12 launchers);

1st Missile Brigade of the Southern Military District (Krasnodar) - the transfer of equipment took place on November 14, 2013 (12 launchers);

112th separate guards missile brigade of the Western Military District (Shuya) - the transfer of equipment took place on July 8, 2014 (12 launchers);

92nd separate missile brigade (Orenburg) Central Military District - transfer of equipment took place on November 19, 2014 (12 launchers);

103rd separate missile brigade (Ulan-Ude) of the Eastern Military District - the transfer of equipment took place on July 17, 2015 (12 launchers);

By 2018, it is planned to re-equip all missile brigades with the Iskander OTRK.

Video

Kolomenskoye Design Bureau. All my life “classified as Secret.” Fire arrows. Impact force.

In world politics there are magic words that make entire governments tremble. For example, the phrase " chemical weapon in Syria", or " nuclear weapon Iran" causes a state of extreme military-diplomatic excitement among the political elite of Western countries. However, in terms of the speed of reaction of the progressive public to such phrases, our Iskander has no equal. The mention of the Iskander-M OTRK, especially in the context of its deployment near someone’s borders, inevitably entails a reaction close to hysteria from the media, military and politicians of border countries and their Western overlords. Let's figure out what the secret is of our neighbors who are so frightening magical properties this operational-tactical missile system.

The problem with the Iskander missile system is that it cannot be caught. Firstly, because during the flight the missile maneuvers with enormous overloads, which are still unattainable for any interceptor missile in service with the countries of the world. Secondly, it flies very low - up to 6 km. from the surface at Mach 4, making it virtually impossible to detect using standard radar. Thirdly, it throws out false targets to deceive the enemy’s radar, sets up active radio interference and “jammes” all the emitters by which missile defense systems navigate in space. Those. The Iskander can destroy any object within a radius of 500 km with an accuracy of 2 meters and a probability close to 100%. Theoretically, by launching a missile from Kaliningrad, you can “reach” the government quarter in Berlin, and the destructive force of the strike can be easily increased by “hanging” a nuclear missile on it combat unit. No one in the world has such missile weapons. At the same time, Iskander is extremely mobile and secretive - the likelihood of its detection, even by space reconnaissance means, is very low. Within 1 minute, he launched a set of missiles and immediately left the location, turning off all devices.

The rocket is single-stage, has an engine with a single nozzle, is non-ballistic and is controlled throughout the entire flight path using aerodynamic and gas-dynamic rudders. Most of the flight path of a missile made using Stealth technology and having a small dispersion surface passes at an altitude of 50 km, and on the approach phase - 6-20 km (depending on the type of OTRK), which makes its defeat by the enemy a practically impossible task . The “invisibility” effect is achieved through a combination of design features, in particular, treating the rocket with special nanostructured dispersive coatings, dropping protruding parts after launch, etc. The Iskander trajectory is not only non-ballistic, but also difficult to predict. Immediately after launch and immediately upon approaching the target, the missile performs intensive maneuvering. Depending on the trajectory, overloads range from 20 to 30 units. Accordingly, the interceptor missile must withstand an overload of at least 2-3 times higher, which is technologically impossible within the framework of the existing 4th technological order in the world and even the promising fifth.

The Iskander-M is the main version for the Russian army and is significantly more complex than the Iskander-E available for export. Less noticeable, more maneuverable at the start and during the final phase of the flight. In addition, it has not just an inertial guidance system, like the Iskander-E, but a combined one, including radio correction, GPS, GLONASS, laser and optical homing in the final section. Controlled by lattice rudders. The warhead is not separated in principle, because the body serves to create lift at the final section.

In 2012, another complex, Iskander-K, which is further development M. It launches even more accurate, already cruise, missiles, which are equipped with small bearing surfaces, like on the R-37. Thanks to this, it became possible to fire along a flat trajectory, like the OKA complex did in its time, only much more accurately and faster. The missile can fly at an altitude of only 6 km (horizontal radars have no chance), it uses a combined seeker and replaceable warheads. Two missiles in a salvo can be completed different systems guidance and fire both along a mounted and flat trajectory.

Experts express the opinion that the combined use of two brothers - Iskander-M and Iskander-K - gives a synergistic effect that neither of them is able to counteract. existing systems PRO. One of the missile technology experts, speaking on forums under the nickname “Evil Critic,” described the new product this way: “It is known that ballistic missiles(BR), and cruise missiles (CR), as well as their guidance systems, have a number of restrictions on the “current state” of the target... For example, if you bet ONLY on the Iskander-M, for example, with optical correlation system for final guidance on the target object - and if we assume that the object will have to be hit at the “X hour” with low clouds and intense visual opposition from the enemy, the bet may be lost. The same applies to the final guidance radar system, which is similar in operating principle to that of the Pershing-2 - here the enemy’s intense electronic warfare can confuse the cards. At the same time, low clouds, for example, and intense visual masking of the final object, will be to a certain extent “on the drum” of the CR with an inertial and optical-correlation system that works out navigation corrections throughout the ENTIRE route (similar to the Pendossk ALCM CR).. Here, no amount of masking of the target will help - and here you ONLY need to shoot down the missile, shoot it down on the route or, as a last resort, on the approach to the target.

Finally, let’s imagine a situation where “Iskander-K” and “Iskander-M” “approach” the target (Czech missile defense radar or noble mines with GBI) - AT THE SAME TIME... And each demonstrates “their signature set of gadgets” , - “Iskander-M” - high-intensity maneuvering of a high-flying hypersonic target, “Iskander-K” - an extremely low flight profile (about 6 m) and following the terrain in a practically “autonomous” (i.e., independent of the search for a target onboard sensors) mode... This REALLY is a situation close to 100% probability of hitting the target... So, to combat Euro-missile defense, the COMBINATION of "Iskander-M" + "Iskander-K" is really optimal. The trick is to use these products simultaneously, “in one hit.”

The German newspaper Bild, citing its sources, reported that Russia has deployed Iskander missiles in the Kaliningrad region near the border with Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. This message was followed by the reaction of the US authorities, who immediately, through all channels of interaction, called on Russia not to destabilize the situation by deploying Iskander missiles in the west. "We would not want them to take steps that would destabilize the region," US State Department spokeswoman Marie Harf said. Translated from diplomatic to human, it sounds something like this: “The deployment of Iskander missiles will upset the entire balance of power in Europe, and not in our direction. Anything, but not Iskander! Concerns were also expressed in Poland and Latvia. Lithuanian Defense Minister Juozas Olakas called this alarming news, and Lithuanian Presidential Adviser Dali Grybauskaite said that Russia's actions do not correspond to declarations of desire for closer cooperation with the European Union and NATO. Even China became nervous when it learned that the missile system would be located near its border.

Let us note that with the supply of Iskanders to Armenia, Azerbaijan’s hands were tied, Lately trying to flex its military muscles in the region, the aggressive rhetoric against Yerevan stopped. In 2014, Armenia will complete the re-equipment of its missile units with ultra-precise and long-range missile systems. Armenian Defense Minister Seyran Ohanyan stated this at a press conference in Yerevan on January 24, answering a question from journalists about whether reports about Yerevan’s acquisition of Russian modern operational-tactical missile systems (OTRK) Iskander-M are true. Please note that it is not the export Iskander-E with a range of 280 km and one missile in the launcher, which has been reduced in capabilities, but a full-fledged "M", firing at a distance of up to 500 km and having 2 missiles at once (by the way, so far the only OTRK in the world capable launch 2 missiles from one launcher at once). Apparently, an exception was made for our Armenian friends due to the tense geopolitical situation throughout the CIS.

Iskander can deliver cluster (with 54 combat elements), penetrating, high-explosive fragmentation, and nuclear warheads to the target. This allows you to hit small-sized and area targets, including enemy fire weapons, air defense and missile defense systems, aircraft at airfields, command posts, etc. The RK includes a missile, a self-propelled launcher, a transport-loading and command-staff vehicle, moving point preparation of information, mobile units of technical and household support, as well as sets of arsenal and training equipment.

The history of the creation of this OTRK began in the early 80s. The use of conventional (non-nuclear) warheads while maintaining the effectiveness of the weapon forced developers to look for new ways to build a missile control system (CS). The accuracy of the inertial control system for solving this problem is insufficient; it should have been increased

approximately by an order of magnitude. In the 80s Attempts have already been made in our country to solve this problem. Optical homing equipment for the Scud was created (it was even possible to conduct field tests and hand over the missile for trial operation among the troops). A nuclear-free warhead with guidance using a correlation-type radar seeker was developed for the Volga complex. The modernized "Oka" and "Tochka" had not only an inertial control system, but also an optical correlation-extreme guidance system, which was also not only tested, but also underwent trial operation by the troops. During the years of inactivity of our military-industrial complex, the United States achieved great success in this direction: on American rocket"Pershing 2", which was destroyed under the INF Treaty, was equipped with a radar seeker that identified the terrain in the target area; optical homing systems are used in modern versions of the Tomahawk and CALCM cruise missiles. Their effectiveness was clearly demonstrated in Iraq and Yugoslavia.

The task of creating similar equipment for the Iskander was completed by the Central Research Institute of Automation and Hydraulics (TsNIIAG), a leading developer of guidance and control systems for domestic tactical and operational-tactical missiles, which has a 25-year track record in the development of homing heads. The main way to solve this problem was to combine an inertial system with optical guidance over the terrain surrounding the target. Moreover, the homing head created at TsNIIAG can be used both as part of the Iskander and on ballistic and cruise missiles of various classes and types (including intercontinental ones). This seeker has already passed flight tests and has shown accuracy better than the Americans achieved with their Tomahawks.

The principle of operation of homing systems, which have the scientific name of correlation-extreme, is that optical equipment forms an image of the terrain in the target area, which is compared in the on-board computer with a reference one, after which corrective signals are issued to the missile controls.

The optical seeker is universal and makes only one requirement for the missile's inertial control system: to bring the latter to the point at which the optics begin to see the target. The existing active ones are powerless against such a head. electronic warfare equipment, which very effectively counteract radar homing systems. The high sensitivity of the seeker allows it to operate even on a moonless night, which distinguishes the new system from existing analogues. In addition, optical systems do not require signals from space radio navigation systems, such as the American NAVSTAR, which in crisis situations can be turned off by its owners or disabled by radio interference. By the way, many potential customers of Iskander-E put forward demands for independence from satellite navigation. At the same time, the integration of inertial control with satellite navigation equipment and an optical seeker makes it possible to create a missile that can hit a given target in almost any imaginable conditions.

Information about the target is transmitted from a satellite, reconnaissance aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicle to the information preparation point (IPP). It calculates the flight mission for the rocket, which is then transmitted via radio channels to the command and staff vehicles (CSVs) of the division and battery commanders, and from there to the launchers. Commands to launch missiles can be generated either in the command post or from the control centers of senior artillery commanders. The PPI and KShM equipment is built on local networks of Russian computers, and the functional purpose of the control set depends only on software and can be easily upgraded to control a variety of fire weapons.

On October 11, 2011, it was announced that the first stage of testing of the updated Iskander-M missile system with new combat equipment was completed - with a new electronic warfare system, which provides cover for the missile during the final flight phase. This system includes means of passive and active jamming of enemy air and missile defense surveillance and firing radars through noise and the release of false targets. Since 2013, new missiles began to be supplied to the Russian army.

IN analytical review The 2012 CIA “On Strategic Risks and the Global Military-Political Situation in the World” contains a very revealing definition: “The Iskander operational-tactical missile system is a weapon capable of influencing the military-political situation in regions of the world if the states located in them do not have extensive territories. Therefore, the issues of deployment of Iskander complexes, as well as their export deliveries, are the subject of political consultations between the countries.”

And, in addition, some beautiful videos: