Rivers of Russia - a list and a detailed map with names. Russian seven What rivers are there in our region

Rivers entangle all of Russia like a web. If you count them all to the smallest, you get over 2.5 million! But the vast majority of them do not even have a name, so it is better to pay attention to the most major rivers countries, while not forgetting that you can catch them, because there are a lot of anglers in Russia.

1. Lena (4400 km)

The longest river in Russia, and at the same time in Siberia, is the Lena. It is also solid by world standards, as it closes the top ten longest waterways in the world. Lena takes her beginning from a small lake near Baikal, winds a lot along the mountainous Baikal region, until she turns north and rushes to the Laptev Sea, where she forms an extended delta. Together with the latter, it has a length of 4,400 km with a basin area of ​​2.5 million square kilometers. km, the water flow in the lower reaches is 16350 cubic meters. m/s. This is the longest Russian river that flows entirely through the territory of the country, and the largest in the world, completely passing through the territory permafrost. Lena is still one of the cleanest rivers in the world. Man has not yet been able to change its course, has not built a single dam, hydroelectric power station or other energy facilities. In areas remote from human activities, you can still drink water directly from the river.

2. Irtysh (4248 km)

Like most of the major rivers of Siberia, the mighty Irtysh heads north from the depths of the Asian continent until it flows into the Ob, being its main tributary. Their joint water system stretched for 5410 km, which puts it in seventh place in terms of length on Earth. But even this is not the main attraction of the Irtysh, but the fact that it has become the longest tributary in the world, since its own length is 4248 kilometers. In this category, it is significantly inferior to the second-placed Missouri, which has a length of "only" 3767 kilometers.
Translated from the Turkic language, the Irtysh means "digger", and this reflects the nature of the river, which very often changes its course, undermining the banks. The Irtysh is fed by meltwater and tributaries. But now floods rarely occur on it, since several hydroelectric power stations have been built here, the dams of which regulate the release of water.

The territory of Russia is huge, so it is not surprising that dozens of waterfalls are scattered on it, in its most diverse corners. Some of them are so...

3. Ob (3650 km)

In the northeast of Asia, in the Altai Territory, near the administrative border with the Republic of Altai, two mountain rivers Biya and Katun, resulting in a powerful deep river Ob, whose name has not yet been guessed. The Ob crosses Western Siberia from south to north and after 3650 kilometers flows into the Kara Sea, more precisely, into a long (800 km) bay called the Ob Bay. The Ob has the largest basin in Russia, occupying almost 3 million square kilometers, and in terms of full flow it is second only to the Yenisei and Lena, bringing 12,300 cubic meters of water to the mouth every second.

4. Volga (3531 km)

The great Russian river Volga has over 150 tributaries, few other rivers on the planet have as many. Taking into account average speed current of 4 km / h, it is estimated that the water in it from the source to the mouth reaches 37 days. This river even has its own holiday - May 20 is the day of the Volga. The entire Volga basin is located on the territory of Russia, it crosses the territories of four republics and 11 regions of the country, and only one small branch of it, Kigach, turns into the territory of Kazakhstan.
And the source of the Volga is located on the Valdai Upland, in the Tver region near the village of Volgoverkhovye. Although not the largest in Russia, the Volga is nevertheless the largest river in Europe. Its pool is spread over a third European territory Russia, occupying 1,855 million sq. km, and the water consumption is 8060 cubic meters. m/s. Nine hydroelectric power stations with reservoirs have been built on the Volga; half of the country's agriculture and industry is served by its water.

5. Yenisei (3487 km)

The Yenisei River appears after the confluence of the Big Yenisei (Biy-Khem) and the Small Yenisei (Kaa-Khem). Almost 3.5 thousand kilometers of the Yenisei flows only through the territory of Russia, and before that, another 600 kilometers meander through Mongolia. At the end of the journey, it flows into the Yenisei Bay, which belongs to the Kara Sea. The source of the Yenisei is located near the geographical center of Asia near the city of Kyzyl, in which there is even an obelisk reminiscent of this.
In terms of basin area (2.58 million sq. km), the Yenisei is second only to the Lena, and its water consumption is also large - 19,800 cubic meters. m/s. In three places it is blocked by powerful hydroelectric power stations: Sayano-Shushenskaya, Krasnoyarsk and Mainskaya. As for the name of the river, it is associated either with the Tungus word "Yenesi", which means " big water”, or with the Kyrgyz “enee-sai”, that is, the mother river.
The mighty stormy Yenisei is especially remarkable for its ice drifts. During the winter, a powerful ice shell grows on the river, from which the river is freed for at least a month. Thousands of tons of ice rush along the river, here and there forming jams that block the flow. As a result, the river overflows its banks and floods the surrounding area. The power of this water element at one time had to be felt different cities- Yeniseisk, Krasnoyarsk, Igarka and Minusinsk.

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6. Lower Tunguska (2989 km)

This is another Siberian river, which is the right tributary of the Yenisei. Lower Tunguska flows through the Irkutsk region and Krasnoyarsk region. It winds for a long time along the middle part of the Siberian plateau until it comes to the Putorana plateau. Due to the large number of rapids and whirlpools, navigation along the Lower Tunguska is very limited. Back in 1911, plans were made to connect Lena and Nizhnyaya Tunguska near the city of Kirensk, since here they converge up to a distance of 15 kilometers, however, the Nizhnyaya Tunguska flows almost 85 meters above the Lena, and besides, it is not navigable in this place. Therefore, the construction of a connecting channel between them was abandoned due to the high cost and inexpediency of the project.

7. Amur (2824 km)

The Amur River is international - it flows through the lands of Russia, China and Mongolia, and flows into the Sea of ​​Okhotsk near the Amur Estuary. The length of the Amur is 2824 kilometers, and the basin area is 1.855 million square meters. km at a water consumption of 10900 cubic meters. m/s. Amur flows through 4 different climatic zones: semi-desert, steppe, forest-steppe and forest, 30 different nationalities live on its banks. There is no clarity regarding the origin of the name of the river, but the most common version is from the Tungus-Manchurian words "damar" or "amar". The Chinese call it the Black Dragon River, while in our country the Amur symbolizes the Far East and Transbaikalia.

8. Vilyui (2650 km)

The longest and largest left tributary of the Lena, flowing through the Krasnoyarsk Territory and Yakutia, is called the Vilyui. He has served man since ancient times, giving him water and food. A couple of hydroelectric power stations were built on it. When the intensive industrial development of Siberia began, the ecological situation in the Vilyui basin deteriorated, causing concern for the indigenous people.

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9. Ishim (2450 km)

Ishim is the left and longest tributary of the Irtysh, it passes through the territory of Kazakhstan and Russia. According to folk legend, the name "Ishim" came from the name of the son of the Tatar Khan, Ishim, who drowned in the previously nameless river. But there is also the Tatar word "ishimak", meaning "destroying". Ishim has two reservoirs with a large economic importance: uses water from them local population, it irrigates fields and garden plots.

10. Ural (2428 km)

In the European part of Russia, the Ural River is one of the largest. It descends along the southeastern Black Sea-Caspian slope, running 2428 kilometers from the very source to the confluence with the Caspian. The area of ​​the river basin is 220 thousand square meters. km. The Ural is a very winding river, it is customary to divide it into three segments: from the source to Orsk, the middle one from Orsk to Uralsk, and the lower one from Uralsk to the very mouth. A whole network of reservoirs has been built on this river, which provide the water that is so necessary here for industry and agriculture.

There are about 2.5 million rivers on the territory of Russia. Large quantity these rivers are relatively small and their length is usually no more than 100 kilometers. But as for the big rivers, they are truly huge and reach shocking sizes.

1

the largest river in Russia

The Ob is a river in Siberia formed by the confluence of the Katun and Biya rivers. If we count from the source of the Irtysh, then it has a length of 5410 kilometers, which makes it the most big river Russia in length. In the North, the river flows into the Gulf of Ob, a bay in the Kara Sea. The area of ​​the Ob basin is 2,990,000 square kilometers (which is why the river ranks first in our rating). More than 50 species of fish live in the waters of this river, half of which are of industrial importance.

2

The Yenisei is a river in Siberia that flows into the Kara Sea. The length of the river from the sources of the Small Yenisei is 4287 kilometers. The Yenisei flows through the territory of two countries (Russia and Mongolia), its area is 2,580,000 square kilometers, which allows it to take second place among the rivers of Russia.

3

The Lena River originates in the mountains of Siberia and flows into the Laptev Sea. Lena, one of the largest Russian rivers, having a length of 4,480 kilometers. Its area is 2,490,000 square kilometers, which rightfully makes it the third largest river in Russia. It is believed that the Russians first learned about this river in the 17th century, sending a detachment of Cossacks to search for it.

4

Amur is a river flowing on the territory of three states (Russia, Mongolia and China). The area of ​​the basin is 1,855,000 square kilometers, and the length of the river is 2,824 kilometers. There are many points of view about the origin of the name Amur, one of which is the common basis of the Tungus-Manchu languages ​​"Amar" and "Damur" (big river).

This river originates from the Valdai plateau in the Tver region. The Volga is one of the largest rivers on Earth, its length is 3530 kilometers, and it is located on the territory of two states (Russia and Kazakhstan). The basin area is about 1,361,000 square kilometers, which makes it the largest river in Europe.

6

This is a river in Yakutia, the length of which is 2,129 kilometers. The Kolyma is formed by the confluence of two rivers (Ayan-Yuryakh and Kulu) and flows into the Kolyma Bay. The basin area is approximately 645,000 square kilometers. The discovery of the Kolyma by the Russians was also carried out by the valiant Cossacks.

7

Don is a Russian river that originates in Central Russian Upland(Tula region). Its area is 422,000 square kilometers, and its length is about 1870 km. Don is one of ancient rivers Russia.

8

A river located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Its length is 1636 kilometers. Khatanga is formed at the confluence of two rivers (Kheta and Kotui) and flows into the Khatanga Bay. The area of ​​the basin is about 364,000 square kilometers.

9

It originates on the slopes of the Halkan Range, and its source consists of two rivers - Kuidusun and Omyokon. The area of ​​Indigirka is 360,000 square kilometers.

10

It takes its origin in Vologda region, at the confluence of two rivers (Sukhona and Yug). The area of ​​the basin is 357,000 square kilometers. It was on this river that the history of Russian shipbuilding began.

That's basically it! Now you know what they are, the most big rivers Russia.

Russia is located in the east of Europe and in the north of Asia, occupying about 1/3 of the territory of Eurasia and 1/9 of the earth's land. European part country (about 23% of the area) includes territories to the west of Ural mountains(the border is conditionally drawn along the Urals and the Kumo-Manych depression); The Asian part of Russia, which occupies about 76% of the territory, lies to the east of the Urals and is also called Siberia (however precise definition borders of Siberia is a moot point) and the Far East. The total length of Russia's borders is 60,933 km (of which 38,808 km are maritime borders); Russia's borders in the north and east are maritime, in the south and west they are mostly land. Despite the fact that Russia in terms of area is largest country world, climatic and soil conditions in most of its territory are not conducive to agriculture.

Russia is one of the most water-provided countries in the world. The country has one of the largest reserves in the world fresh water. Surface waters occupy 12.4% of the territory of Russia, while 84% surface water concentrated east of the Urals; many densely populated areas of the European part of Russia are experiencing a shortage water resources. Production needs prevail in the structure of water use.

Russia has the most deep lake world (Baikal), the longest river in Europe (Volga) and largest lake Europe (Ladoga), the cold pole of the Northern Hemisphere (Verkhoyansk), as well as highest peak Europe (Elbrus) (when drawing the border between Europe and Asia along the Great Caucasian ridge, and not along the rivers Kum and Manych to the mouth of the Don).

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Lakes of Russia

There are over 2.5 million lakes in Russia. The largest lakes are the Caspian, Ladoga, Onega, Baikal. The Caspian is the largest lake in the world in terms of area, and the deepest is Baikal. The lakes are very unevenly distributed. There are especially many of them in the Vilyui basin, on West Siberian Plains e and in the northwest European plain- in Karelia. All these areas are in conditions of excessive moisture. To the south, in the zone of steppes and semi-deserts with their arid climate, the number of lakes decreases sharply, and many lakes have saline or brackish water. Salty are such drainless large lakes as the Caspian Sea, as well as lakes Elton and Baskunchak, where table salt.
There are countless smaller lakes, located mainly in the poorly drained lowlands of the Russian and West Siberian Plains, especially in the more northern regions. Some of them reach significant sizes, in particular, Lake Beloe (1.29 thousand sq. km.), Topozero (0.98 thousand sq. km.), Vygozero (0.56 thousand sq. km.) and Lake Ilmen (0.98 thousand sq. km.) in the territory of the European north-west of the country, and Lake Chany (1.4-2 thousand sq. km.) in the south-west of Siberia.
Lakes also differ in the origin of the basins. Lakes of tectonic origin are located in troughs and dips earth's crust. The largest tectonic lake Baikal is located in a graben and therefore reaches a depth of 1637 m.
Glacial-tectonic lake basins arose as a result of glacier processing of tectonic depressions in the earth's crust: Imandra, Ladoga, Onega. In Kamchatka and the Kuriles, lakes are mainly of volcanic origin. In the northwest of the European Plain, the origin of lake basins is associated with continental glaciations. Many basins are located between moraine hills: Seliger, Valdai.
As a result of landslides, dammed lakes arose in mountain valleys: Sarez in the Pamirs, Ritsa in the Caucasus. Small lakes appear above karst sinkholes. On South Western Siberia many saucer-shaped lakes resulting from subsidence of loose rocks. When ice melts in permafrost areas, saucer-shaped shallow lakes also form. The oxbow lakes are located on the floodplains of lowland rivers. On the shores of the Black and Azov Seas there are lakes-estuaries.
All large and largest lakes Russia are widely used in national economy. They catch and breed fish. Especially a lot of fish, including the most valuable sturgeon, are caught in the Caspian. There is omul fishing in Baikal. The lakes are also used for navigation. A variety of minerals are mined in the basins of the lakes: oil and mirabilite in the Caspian Sea, table salt in Elton and Baskunchak.

The largest lakes in Russia

Caspian Sea, area - 376,000 square kilometers, maximum depth - 1,025 meters.
Lake Baikal, area - 31,500 square kilometers, maximum depth - 1,620 meters.
Lake Ladoga, area - 17,700 square kilometers, maximum depth - 230 meters.
Lake Onega, area - 9,690 sq. km., maximum depth - 127 meters.
Taimyr lakes, area - 4,560 sq. km., maximum depth - 26 meters.
Lake Khanka, area - 4,190 sq. km., maximum depth - 11 meters.
Lake Peipus-Pskovskoye, area - 3,550 sq. km., maximum depth - 15 meters.
Lake Chany, area - 1 708-2 269 sq. km., the greatest depth - up to 10 meters.
White Lake, area - 1,290 sq. km., maximum depth - 6 meters.
Topozero, area - 986 sq. km., the greatest depth - 56 meters.
Lake Ilmen, area - 982 sq. km., the greatest depth - up to 10 meters.
Lake Imandra, area - 876 sq. km., maximum depth - 67 meters.
Khantai lake, area - 822 sq. km., maximum depth - 420 meters.
Segozero, area - 815 sq. km., maximum depth - 97 meters.
Kulunda Lake, area - 728 sq. km., the greatest depth - 4 meters.
Teletskoye lake, area - 223 sq. km., maximum depth - 325 meters.

Rivers of Russia

Russia occupies a vast geographical area, and it is not surprising that numerous rivers spread over its expanses, which played an important historical role in the settlement and development of new lands. Almost all are located on the rivers Largest cities countries. Within Russia there are about 3 million rivers with a total length of almost 10 million km. Most of the Russian rivers belong to the Arctic Ocean basin. It makes up over 66% of the country's area, within it falls up to 80% precipitation. Rivers flowing into northern seas, the longest and most full-flowing in Russia. The longest river Lena is 4400 km. The most full-flowing river is the Yenisei (623 km3 per year). In terms of catchment area, the first place in the country is occupied by the Ob (2975 sq. km.). The rivers of the Arctic Ocean are freezing. In winter, a winter road is installed along them for about four months - roads for the movement of cars and sledges.
The largest rivers of Siberia originate in the south of the country in the Altai, Sayan and Baikal mountains. The rivers of the Arctic Ocean basin are fed by snow and rain. In the spring, due to the melting of snow on the rivers, the water rises. The flood begins in the south, and in the north the ice for a long time prevents the flow of melt water to the ocean. Therefore, on all rivers of the Arctic Ocean basin in the middle and lower reaches, high water rises occur in spring. IN southern parts the rivers of Siberia are swift and rapids. On these segments of the valleys, large hydroelectric power plants have been built and are being built: Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskaya on the Yenisei, Novosibirsk on the Ob, Bukhtarma and Ust-Kamenogorsk on the Irtysh, Irkutsk, Bratsk and Ust-Ilimskaya on the Angara, on the tributaries of the Lena - Vilyui and Vitim - built Vilyui and Mamakanskaya HPP. On northern plains The course of these rivers is calm and smooth. In summer, they are used for timber rafting and navigation, connect the southern and inland regions of the country with the Northern by sea and the Trans-Siberian Railway.
Rivers of the European part of the Arctic Ocean basin - Pechora, Mezen, Northern Dvina and Onega are much shorter than the Siberian rivers. They flow completely over the plains and therefore have a calm current.
To the pool Pacific Ocean covers approximately 19% of the country's area. The main river of this basin is the Amur and its tributaries Zeya, Bureya and Ussuri. Rivers are predominantly rain food. In the conditions of the monsoon climate in the Pacific basin, little snow falls in winter, so there are no spring floods, but floods are very significant due to summer monsoon rains. The water in the Amur and its tributaries rises to 10-15 m and floods vast areas. Catastrophic spills usually occur in early autumn. At this time, sudden and stormy downpours of cyclones - typhoons often fall on the Far Eastern regions of the country. River floods reach several tens of kilometers and cause enormous damage. agriculture, cities and towns.
The Amur and its tributaries have a large fall and are rich in hydropower. The Zeya hydroelectric power station was built on the Zeya River. Amur - the main river highway Far East, through which the connection of internal remote areas with the seas. Along the rivers Argun, Amur and Ussuri passes state border Russia since People's Republic China.
Near the rivers of Chukotka and the basin Sea of ​​Okhotsk predominantly snow fed. Therefore, they are full of water in late spring and early summer, which favors the movement salmon fish rising to spawn up the rivers and rivers.
The Caspian basin is called drainless, since the rivers carry their waters not to the World Ocean, but to an internal drainless reservoir - to the Caspian Sea. The basin covers the interior of the East European Plain, Southern Urals, eastern part Caucasus.
The Volga, Ural, Araks, Terek, Emba and other rivers flow into the Caspian. The largest river is the Volga. Its basin occupies 34% of the East European Plain. Most of the tributaries of the Volga are located in a temperate continental climate with sufficient moisture. Food is mostly snowy. In the spring, when the snow melts, there is a significant rise in water in the river. In summer, the main source of food is The groundwater and rain. Some rise of water in the channel also occurs in autumn, when evaporation is significantly reduced. Below the mouth of the large left tributary of the Kama, the Volga flows through the steppe and semi-desert zones, where there is very little precipitation and therefore there are no significant tributaries. Below Volgograd, the Volga has no tributaries and is of a transit nature. It only carries water and partially evaporates it. From here, the Volga splits into branches, the largest of which is Akhtuba. Below Astrakhan, the channel is divided into 80 branches, forming a vast delta. Now almost the entire Volga has turned into a cascade of dams and reservoirs. On the Upper Volga, not far from Tver, there is the Ivankovskoye Reservoir. From him begins the channel to them. Moscow, through which the Volga water is pumped for the water supply of Moscow. Below, the entire Volga to Volgograd turned into a chain of interconnected reservoirs (Uglich, Rybinsk, Gorky, Cheboksary, Kuibyshev, Saratov and Volgograd). They retain a significant part of the spring flood water, which is used to generate electricity, supply cities, and irrigate drylands. Thanks to reservoirs, the movement of large river vessels is possible. Now the river is connected by the Volga-Don navigable canal with the Black and Azov seas, the Volga-Baltic - with the Baltic and White seas. Half of all river cargo and passengers of the country are transported along the Volga. But the reservoirs flooded large areas of fertile floodplain lands. The dams slowed down the flow of the Volga. As a result, reservoirs began to accumulate a large number of pollutants that get here from the fields, as well as with industrial and domestic effluents. Therefore, the river is currently heavily polluted.
Pool Atlantic Ocean takes smallest area- about 5% of the entire territory of Russia. Rivers flow west into the Baltic Sea and south into the Black and Sea of ​​Azov. Flowing to the west Western Dvina, Neman, Neva, etc. To the south - the Dnieper, Don and Kuban. All rivers of the Atlantic Ocean basin are full-flowing all year round, because most of their watersheds are located on the territory of sufficient moisture. They mainly feed on snow, and in summer - underground and rain. The rivers flowing into the Baltic Sea have very little fluctuations in runoff, since precipitation falls evenly throughout the year. There are only small spring floods and autumn floods. The Neva River occupies a special place. This short river(74 km long) carries a huge amount of water - 79.7 km3 per year, four times more than the Dnieper, which has a length of over 2 thousand km. The Neva originates in Lake Ladoga and therefore its flow is constant throughout the year.
But almost every year it floods part of St. Petersburg with its waters. The culprits of the floods are surges of water from the Baltic Sea, which dam up the Neva. As a result, the water in the river rises by 2 - 3.5 m and splashes out of the granite embankments onto the streets and squares of the city.
The rivers of the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean basin receive water in their branched upper reaches. In the lower sections, they are of a transit nature, since here the rivers cross the steppe zone with an arid climate. The food of the Dnieper and Don is mainly snow, so they have high spring floods. On southern rivers a cascade of hydroelectric facilities and reservoirs was built. Reservoirs are used both to generate electricity and to irrigate arid lands in the south of the East European Plain. Rice and other agricultural crops are grown in the Sea of ​​Azov and the North Caucasus thanks to the waters of the Don and Kuban.

The largest rivers of Russia

Lena, length - 4320 km., Basin area - 2418 thousand sq. km.
Yenisei (with Biy-Khem), length - 4012 km., Basin area - 2707 thousand sq. km.
Ob (with Katun), length - 4070 km., Basin area - 2425 thousand sq. km.
Volga, length - 3690 km., Basin area - 1380 thousand sq. km.
Amur, length - 2824 km., Basin area - 1855 thousand sq. km.
Ural, length - 2530 km., Basin area - 220 thousand sq. km.
Kolyma, length - 2150 km., Basin area - 644 thousand sq. km.
Don, length - 1950 km., Basin area - 422 thousand sq. km.
Indigirka, length - 1790 km., Basin area - 360 thousand sq. km.
Pechora, length - 1790 km., Basin area - 327 thousand sq. km.
Northern Dvina (with Sukhona), length - 1300 km., Basin area - 411 thousand sq. km.
Yana (with Dulgalakh), length - 1070 km., Basin area - 318 thousand sq. km.
Selenga (with Ider), length - 1020 km., Basin area - 445 thousand sq. km.
Mezen, length - 966 km., Basin area - 76 thousand sq. km.
Kuban, length - 906 km., Basin area - 51 thousand sq. km.
Terek, length - 626 km., Basin area - 44 thousand sq. km.
Onega, length - 416 km., Basin area - 58 thousand sq. km.
Neva, length - 74 km., Basin area - 282 thousand sq. km.

The Russian Federation is a superpower, the largest state in the world in terms of its territory. And the geography of the country, no matter how well we studied it at school, still remains a giant hole, a fat gap in knowledge for the majority of citizens of our vast Motherland.

Our project was created for those who want to know as much as possible about their country, and today, for the most inquisitive, another informative article.

Today we will talk about waterways countries - about the largest rivers of Russia.

Russia is one of the most water-provided countries in the world. The country has almost the largest reserves of fresh water. Surface waters occupy 12.4% of the territory of Russia, while 84% of surface waters are concentrated to the east of the Urals.

By the way, did you know that there are about 2.5 million rivers in Russia?

Most of these rivers are relatively small and their length is usually no more than 100 kilometers. But as for the big rivers, they are truly huge and reach shocking sizes. So, let's figure it out together:

THE BIGGEST RIVERS OF RUSSIA

1 The Ob River is the largest river in Russia.

The Ob is a river in Western Siberia, the longest river in Russia (5410 km) and the second longest in Asia. The river is formed in Altai by the confluence of the Biya and Katun rivers, the length of the Ob from the confluence is 3650 km (from the source of the Irtysh 5410 km). In the north, the river flows into the Kara Sea, forming a bay (about 800 km long), which is called the Gulf of Ob.

The area of ​​the Ob basin is 2990 thousand km2. According to this indicator, the river ranks first in Russia. The Ob is also the third largest river in Russia (after the Yenisei and Lena).

2 The Yenisei River is the most abundant river in Russia.

The Yenisei is a river in Siberia that flows into the Kara Sea. The length of the river from the sources of the Small Yenisei is 4287 kilometers. The Yenisei flows through the territory of two countries (Russia and Mongolia), its area is 2,580,000 square kilometers, which allows it to take second place among the rivers of Russia. It takes out 600 cubic kilometers of water per year into the Kara Sea. This is almost three times more than the flow of the Volga, and even more than all the rivers of European Russia.

Three hydroelectric power stations were built on the Yenisei - Sayano-Shushenskaya, Krasnoyarskaya and Mainskaya.

On the left bank of the Yenisei, the West Siberian plains end, and on the right bank, the mountain taiga begins. Therefore, in its upper reaches you can meet camels, and going downstream - polar bears.

Until now, there are legends about the origin of the word Yenisei: either it is the Tungus word “Yenesi” converted into the Russian way - big water, or the Kyrgyz “enee-Sai” - mother river.

The Yenisei and other Siberian rivers bring in Arctic Ocean as much heat as burning 3 billion tons of fuel would give. If not for the rivers, the climate of the North would be more severe.

3 The Lena River is a great Siberian river. It is one of the longest rivers in the world.

Its waterway begins near Lake Baikal, makes a huge bend towards Yakutsk, and then rushes north and flows into the Laptev Sea, forming a vast delta. The length of the mighty river is 4400 km. This is the 11th place in the world.

Its area is 2,490,000 square kilometers, which rightfully makes it the third largest river in Russia. It is believed that the Russians first learned about this river in the 17th century, sending a detachment of Cossacks to search for it.

4 The Amur River is the main symbol of the Far East in Transbaikalia.

Crossing mountain ranges and plains, the river flows into the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Amur is a river flowing on the territory of three states (Russia, Mongolia and China). The basin area is 1,855,000 square kilometers and the river is 2,824 kilometers long. There are many points of view about the origin of the name Amur, one of which is the common basis of the Tungus-Manchu languages ​​"Amar" and "Damur" (big river).

"River of the Black Dragon"- so called Cupid in China. According to legend, in old times the black dragon, who lived in the river and personified good, defeated the evil, white dragon, which drowned boats on the river, prevented people from fishing and generally attacked any Living being. The winner remained to live at the bottom of the river.

Throughout the entire border of the Amur basin, one can observe the change of four physical geographical areas: forest, forest-steppe, steppe and semi-desert. There are about thirty different peoples and ethnic groups.

5 The Volga River is the main river of Russia.

The Volga is one of the largest rivers the globe and the largest in Europe.

The Volga basin occupies about 1/3 of the European part of Russia and flows through 11 regions and 4 republics. By the way, the length of the river is 3530 km. It's like from Moscow to Berlin and back. The basin area is about 1,361,000 square kilometers, which makes it the largest river in Europe.

The river, first of all, is of great economic importance, as traffic artery. The Volga is used as a source of hydropower. Currently, about 45% of industrial and approximately 50% of agricultural production in Russia is concentrated in the Volga basin. The Volga accounts for more than 20% of all fish caught in the country's rivers. 9 reservoirs with hydroelectric power stations have been built on the river.

The Volga is dedicated not only to a song and a film with the title title known to all, without exception, Russians. The action of A. Ostrovsky's plays takes place, as a rule, in cities on the Volga.

6 The Kolyma River is the largest river in the Magadan Region.

This is a river in Yakutia, the length of which is 2,129 kilometers. The Kolyma is formed by the confluence of two rivers (Ayan-Yuryakh and Kulu) and flows into the Kolyma Bay. The basin area is approximately 645,000 square kilometers. The discovery of the Kolyma by the Russians was also carried out by the valiant Cossacks.

7 The Don River is the most important witness of Russian history.

According to scientists, the river appeared on Earth about 23 million years ago. The Don River is one of the largest rivers in the south of the Russian Plain.

Don is a river of Russia, originating in the Central Russian Upland (Tula region). Its area is 422,000 square kilometers, and its length is about 1870 km.

Don is one of the oldest rivers in Russia.

Ancient Greek authors give the name of the river - Tanais. Then the lower reaches of the Don were the habitat of the legendary Amazons. These female warriors also found their way into Russian epics, which often tell about the fights between Russian heroes and daring "polyanitsa riders".

The name was given by the Iranian peoples who once lived on the territory of the Northern Black Sea region, in whose language don is “river”.

The "father-Don" has two younger namesakes in England - the Don River in the Scottish county of Aberdeen and the river of the same name in the English county of York.

8 Khatanga River

A river located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Its length is 1636 kilometers. Khatanga is formed at the confluence of two rivers (Kheta and Kotui) and flows into the Khatanga Bay of the Laptev Sea. The area of ​​the basin is about 364,000 square kilometers.

The very first information about the Khatanga River was received by the Russians from the Tungus around 1605.

9 Indigirka River

The Indigirka River flows through the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Belongs to the basin of the East Siberian Sea. Flows from south to north. Indigirka begins at the junction of the Taryn-Yuryakh and Tuora-Yuryakh rivers, which flow from the Halkan mountain range.

The area of ​​Indigirka is 360,000 square kilometers, the length of the river is 1726 km.

The name of the river comes from the Even generic name Indigir - "indie people". Russian explorers of the 17th century. this name was pronounced as Indigirka - just like the name of other large Siberian rivers: Kureika, Tunguska, Kamchatka.

Located on the Indigirka North Pole cold - the village of Oymyakon and the city-monument Zashiversk, which died out from smallpox in the 19th century.

10 Northern Dvina River

Northern Dvina - the river of the basin White Sea . It flows in the Vologda and Arkhangelsk regions of Russia. The Northern Dvina River is formed by the confluence of two rivers - the Sukhona and the Yug. It flows in the direction from south to north and flows into the Dvina Bay of the White Sea, forming a wide delta. The area of ​​the basin is 357,000 square kilometers. It was on this river that the history of Russian shipbuilding began. The length of the rivers of the S. Dvina basin is 7693 km.

A large number of settlements on the river itself speaks of the presence of navigation on the river. From Veliky Ustyug to Severodvinsk - the waterway of the Northern Dvina.

Now you know what they are, the largest rivers in Russia.