Subtropics of Russia. Presentation on the topic "subtropical zone" Holidays on the Black Sea coast

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There are two main areas of subtropical climate here: dry (close to Mediterranean) and humid subtropical. The zone of dry subtropical climate stretches from Anapa to Gelendzhik. This area is characterized by hot, dry summer and relatively dry warm winter. In summer, the climate here is formed under the influence of tropical air masses, which penetrate quite freely through the mountain ranges into the northern parts of the region. Since the mountains here are low, there is no significant rise in air masses and moisture condensation, so summer precipitation is rare here. In winter, moderate air masses penetrate this territory, which during this period do not carry significant reserves of moisture. The average annual precipitation for this zone ranges from 400 mm in Anapa to 700 mm in Gelendzhik. Average annual temperature +11.5°, average temperature July +23...+24°, January +3...+5°.

The exception is the region of Novorossiysk. Due to the peculiarities of the relief (a significant local depression of mountain ranges, aggravated by the development of marl), it has its own special circulation of air masses and, due to frequent winter storms and sharp drops in temperature, cannot be classified as a zone of dry subtropics.

To the southeast of Tuapse the climate takes on the characteristics of humid subtropics. The average annual precipitation here ranges from 800 to 1200 mm, the average annual temperature is +13...+14°. In winter, the temperature remains positive +5... + 7°, but there is a drop to -11.6°, which is critical for this area.

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Soils of the humid subtropics of the Black Sea coast (yellow soils, podzolic-yellow earth and podzolic-yellow earth-gley).

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Forests have been better preserved due to increased relief and increased moisture. Even further south, types of vegetation such as Caucasian liana, ivy, clematis, smilax and others gradually begin to appear. Beech grows at an altitude of 500 - 600 m above sea level. Near Tuapse there is a noble chestnut.

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Sochi subtropics occupy the coastal strip from Tuapse to the river. Psou. This narrow coastal zone is classified as humid subtropics with features of a Mediterranean climate. Thanks to the abundance of warmth and sun, heat-loving palm trees and yuccas, cork oak, noble laurel, bamboo, magnolia, oleander, eucalyptus, mimosa, cherry laurel, and Japanese camellia grow here.

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Magnolia

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Mimosa

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Gloriosa

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Peony

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Mustachioed strophanthus

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Orchid

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Plumeria

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Eucalyptus

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In the forests of the Sochi region grow dwarf tree, hornbeam, scumpia, ivy, wild grapes, hops, beech, maple, hornbeam, oak, boxwood yew, cherry laurel, and Pontic rhododendron. In the Adler region, tea and tangerines are grown, and at the mouths of the Mzymta and Psou rivers, agricultural crops are cultivated on drained meadow-swamp soils.

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In order to preserve rare and endangered species of fauna, sanctuaries, reserves, forest parks, hunting grounds. Most large nature reserve our region - the Caucasian State Biosphere, included in international system biosphere reserves. It is home to 18 species of fish, 9 amphibians, 16 reptiles, more than 200 birds, and more than 60 mammals. Found in the reserve rare species butterflies: large and small night peacock eye. The Red Book includes 23 species of vertebrates found in the reserve, and the largest wasp in Russia, Scolia gigantea.

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Of the reptiles and amphibians in the reserve, the Asia Minor newt, the Caucasian cross, the Mediterranean tortoise, the Aesculapian snake, the Caucasian viper, and the common snake are noted. Unfortunately, the Aesculapian snake, due to its large size and slow movement, often dies at the hands of people.

Aesculapian snake

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Mediterranean turtle

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The most common birds are blackbirds, warblers, wagtails, and wood buzzards. Scavenger birds nest on rocky cliffs along river valleys - crows, golden eagles, vultures, as well as griffon vultures and bearded vultures, which build their nesting sites very thoroughly and use them for many years in a row.

Typical high-mountain birds of the reserve include the Caucasian black grouse and the Caucasian snowcock (mountain turkey), the variegated color of its feathers makes it completely invisible.

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Bustard

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Griffin

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Bison

Fauna is also rich small mammals reserve: hedgehog, mole, dormouse, Caucasian mouse. From large predators it is inhabited by lynx, leopard, forest cat, Brown bear. Fur-bearing species include pine and stone martens, badger, otter, raccoon dog, European mink, weasel, and fox.

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The agro-climatic resources of the region are favorable. Here the sum of active temperatures is 2200-3400°, and you can grow heat-loving vegetables and fruits.

Subtropical
climate and
unique
alpine
resorts are created
favorable
opportunities for
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tourism, including
number -
international.

Subtropical climate of the Black Sea coast

Soils of the humid subtropics of the Black Sea coast (yellow soils, podzolic-yellow earth and podzolic-yellow earth-gley).

Magnolia

Mimosa

Gloriosa

Peony

Mustachioed strophanthus

Orchid

Plumeria

Eucalyptus

Bustard

Griffin

Bison

ATTENTION!

That's what they say...

Choose the correct answers...

In the subtropics there are plants such as...

“Forest Community” - Mouse offspring. Mice give birth to huge offspring. Why is the forest called that? Independent research papers students. The forest is a home for animals, here they live and eat. Animals living in the forest. The forest really needs mushrooms. How natural balance develops in the forest. Class work with the teacher. Community Study Plan. Questions and assignments for the class. Foxes, weasels, and owls live in the forest and feed on mice.

“Forest Life” - Tiers of the forest. Red insects. Animal. Forests of Russia. Coat of arms of Primorsky Krai. Forest life. Auction. Forest inhabitants. Forest. Dense forest. Heron. Far Eastern Marine Reserve. Let's save the forest. Lakes. Very coldy. Consolidating students' knowledge.

“Petroglyphs of Karelia” - White Sea petroglyphs. Group of petroglyphs. Knowledge about history native land. Petroglyphs of Karelia. Lunar signs. Onega petroglyphs. Petroglyph. From the history of petroglyphs. Image. Types of petroglyphs. Knocked out deer.

“Birds of populated areas” - A talented imitator. Long-winged swifts. Swift at the nest. Great tit. White wagtail. Starling. Herald of spring. Rock dove. Hoodie. Bird breaking ice. Common bird. City swallows. Barn swallows. Take care of the birds. House sparrow. World of birds. A person's neighbors. Killer whale.

“Batu in Rus'” - From the east, from Asia, the steppe nomads - the Mongol-Tatars - attacked. Thousands of soldiers died under the walls of Kozelsk. Nobody can handle you! Help didn't come. The Mongols nicknamed Kozelsk “the evil city.” Wide are you, Rus', spread across the face of the earth in royal beauty! Defense of the Motherland is the sacred duty of every citizen. The first Russian city was Ryazan. Most of the Russian lands became dependent on the Golden Horde.

“The world through the eyes of a geographer” - Martin Beheim. What is geography. Anaximander. Goals. North Pole. Star Sirius. Globe. Model of the Earth. Geographic map. The world through the eyes of a geographer. Milky Way. Starry sky.

Plants of the tropics and subtropics

Teacher - defectologist

Belyakova T.I.

• For wet tropical forests characteristic: a large number of precipitation, high humidity air (90%) and high average temperature, which does not fall below 18C.
• The most suitable temperature throughout the year for people from the tropics is +18-20C.
• In summer, watering is usually done daily. In cloudy, cool weather, you can water less often. On hot days sunny days moisture-loving plants are watered twice a day. In addition to watering, these plants, except those covered with hairs, require daily spraying. In winter, plants need to be watered every 1-2 days and sprayed daily. The next day after watering, loosen the soil.
• Majority tropical plants kept on bright windows, they are not afraid of direct sunlight. Shade-tolerant plants, such as ferns, tradescantia, calla lilies, alocasia, begonias, can be grown on northern windows; bright sun should not be displayed.

• The climate of subtropical regions is temperate with average annual temperature about +15C, in some subtropical areas in winter the temperature can drop to +5°C. Based on the amount of precipitation, wet and dry subtropics are distinguished.
• In humid subtropics There is a large amount of precipitation approximately evenly throughout the year, and air humidity is high. For plants of this climate zone characterized by the presence of soft shiny leaves, located perpendicular to the light incident on them. Conifers are also common in humid subtropics.
• In the dry subtropics, precipitation is usually confined to the cold season, which complicates the growing season of plants. The air is quite dry. Growth occurs partly in winter, but mainly in spring, and in summer they are dormant. Plants of dry subtropics have hard, matte leaves covered with hairs or a waxy coating. In relation to the light, the leaves are not perpendicular, but at an angle.

• There are so many types indoor plants, whose homeland is the subtropics, among them there are many beautiful flowering plants with decorative leaves that do not fall off in winter. Basic general rules caring for them comes down to the following.
• With the beginning of spring growth, plants begin to be fed every 10-14 days; feeding is stopped in August in order to reduce the growth rate by the beginning of the dormant period.
• In summer, plants are watered as the soil dries, sprayed daily, and the soil is systematically loosened. It is very good to expose plants to air.

Sources

http:// flowers.nm.ru/articles/index011.html

https://yandex.ru/images/search?text=pictures

Lesson of the surrounding world in 4th grade “Natural zones of Russia. Subtropics." Kubareva Elena Mikhailovna, teacher primary classes first qualification category

• Goal: it is planned that as a result of active cognitive activity by the end of the lesson, students will
• know: new natural zone - humid subtropics
• be able to: distinguish natural areas according to their characteristics
• Tasks:
• Promote the development of communication skills in students;
• To promote the development of students’ skills to compare, analyze, generalize, and act according to an algorithm
• To promote the formation of the ability to exercise self-control and self-assessment of educational activities;
• To promote interest in the subject, curiosity, and a friendly attitude towards classmates in joint work.
• Type of lesson: learning new material Methods used, teaching technologies - verbal, visual methods, ICT.
• The forms of organization of students' cognitive activity used are frontal, group, pair, individual.
• Equipment – ​​textbook, electronic presentation, handouts, projector.

• Sewage and garbage end up in the sea and pollute it. People who come to relax catch insects as souvenirs and break plant branches. For solutions environmental problems accepted the following measures: Sochinsky created national park to save unique nature. The plants of these places (colchis broom, Colchis boxwood, yew) and animals (Caucasian ground beetle, Black Sea afa) are included in the Red Book of Russia

1,2 - head around, 3,4 - legs wider,

5.6 - everyone sit down, 7.8 - we ask you to stand up.

Let's stand together and sit quietly

And let's close all our eyes.

Silence comes, comes, comes.

Test questions: 1- The coast of which sea is occupied by subtropics in Russia? 2- What is winter like in the subtropical zone? 3-Are the soils of the subtropics fertile? 4- What subtropical plants do you remember? 5- What subtropical animals do you remember? 6- Which one natural area would you like to relax? Why? Answers to questions: 1- Black Sea coast 2- Long summer, warm winter 3- Fertile 4- oak, beech, chestnut, cypress, magnolia, palm trees. 5- bears, wild boars, leopards, jackals, cicadas, seagulls, cormorants, jellyfish, crabs, seahorses, pipefish, dolphins. Homework:

Level 1: retelling p.35-36

Level 2 - create 2 power circuits

Level 3: make a crossword puzzle

Thank you for your attention!

Sources:

• - ru.wikipedia.org
• - perevodovedcheskiy.academic.ru
• - moi-mummi.ru
• - russia.yaxy.ru
• - 900igr.net>prezentatsii