In what year was the State of Israel founded? Formation of the State of Israel

The British Mandate for Palestine was still in force. Implementation " Balfour Declaration» The 1917 announcement of the creation of a Jewish national home in Palestine led to the emigration of many Jews to Palestine in the 1920s and 1930s. By the beginning of World War II, the Jewish population of Palestine reached half a million, and by the end - 600 thousand. This caused extreme discontent among local Arabs, who demanded that the British government stop Jewish immigration. The British cabinet had to agree to this, although the liberal public opinion during the war, London was accused of preventing Jews from fleeing to the Middle East from Nazi Germany and the countries it captured.

Areas of Palestine inhabited by Jews in 1947

The leaders of the Jewish community in Palestine, in particular, David Ben-Gurion, decided to switch to offensive tactics in the struggle for the elimination of the British Mandate for Palestine. Since the end of 1944, they launched a broad campaign of civil disobedience, not disdaining terrorist attacks in Palestine against the British.

At the same time, international pressure began to come to bear on London. Zionist organizations, as well as the United States, which sought to strengthen its own influence in the Middle East. In Great Britain, they reacted painfully to accusations of indirect responsibility for the deaths of Jewish refugees who, during the Second World War, tried to illegally enter Palestine by sea, but were intercepted by the British border guards and returned to Europe, where they often fell into the hands of the Nazis who exterminated them.

The secret of the creation of the state of Israel Declassified documents

On August 13, 1945, the World Zionist Congress (WZC) put forward the slogan of resettlement of 1 million Jews to Palestine, and on August 31, 1945, the US President G. Truman under pressure from powerful American Jewish organizations and the Congress, he proposed to the British cabinet to allow the emigration of 100 thousand Jews from Europe to Palestine. According to VSK, this is exactly how many Jews who suffered from Nazism sought to leave for Palestine. Anticipating a political explosion in Arab countries, London rejected this plan. In October, representatives of Egypt, Lebanon, Syria and Iraq issued a statement to the United States, indicating that attempts to turn Palestine into a Jewish state would lead to war in the Middle East.

The plan for the division of Palestine, put forward in 1937 by the British Peel Commission. Provided for the creation of Arab and Jewish states, as well as a zone ( pink color on the map), which was to remain under the British Mandate. After 10 years it was replaced by the UN plan, much more beneficial for the Jews

Terrorist attacks by Jewish militants against British troops in Palestine continued. In July 1946, Zionist terrorists blew up the headquarters of the British military administration in Jerusalem (King David Hotel), resulting in the death of about 100 British citizens.

Economically dependent on the United States, Britain did not want to quarrel with them. But she did not want to complicate relations with the Arabs. London decided to disclaim responsibility for what was happening and on February 14, 1947, announced its intention to renounce the Mandate for Palestine. In April, the British government referred the Palestinian issue to the UN General Assembly, although with the caveat that it would consider any decision only as advisory.

On November 29, 1947, the assembly adopted resolution No. 181 dividing the territory of Palestine into three parts: Jewish (56%), Arab (42%) and a special zone transferred to UN trusteeship (2%). The latter included " holy cities» – Jerusalem and Bethlehem.

Palestine partition plan, adopted by the UN in 1947. The territory of the Jewish state is indicated in light green, and the Arab state in brown.

The Zionist organizations agreed to resolution No. 181, but the Arab countries did not recognize it. They pointed out that the territorial proportion of partition (56% and 42%) did not correspond to the proportions of the Arab and Jewish populations in Palestine. The former accounted for two-thirds here, and the latter one-third, and Jewish owners owned only 7% of the land. Most of The territory given to the Arabs was unsuitable for agriculture. Within the planned borders of the Jewish State there would be 497 thousand Palestinian Arabs against 498,000 Jews, and in the Arab State there would be 807,000 non-Jews and 10,000 Jews. (Another 105,000 non-Jews and 100,000 Jews are in Jerusalem and Bethlehem). Meanwhile, relations between Jews and Muslims had already reached extreme tension by that time, and bloody clashes broke out every now and then.

The Arabs continued to insist on the creation of a unified Arab state in Palestine, promising to give full civil rights to the Jewish minority there. However, the actions of well-trained and armed Jewish combat squads in Palestine began to acquire the character of real military operations in scope and organization. A mass flight of the Arab population from Palestine began. Not wanting to get involved in the impending war, Great Britain began to evacuate its troops and on May 14, 1948 officially announced the termination of its mandate. The next day, May 15, 1948, the provisional Jewish government of Palestine, led by David Ben-Gurion, proclaimed the formation State of Israel. Became its president Chaim Weizmann. Tel Aviv became the capital of the state. On May 17, Israel was recognized by the USSR and the USA.

Soviet Union, like the United States, energetically promoted the partition of Palestine and the creation of Israel. The most important role Among the Palestinian Jews there was a large community of emigrants from the former Russian Empire. Socialist ideas were widespread among them. Ben-Gurion was also a socialist and a native of Russia, who in the early 1920s visited the USSR on a friendly visit to “strengthen the ties of Palestinian workers and trade unions with communist ones.” At one time, Jews actively contributed to the introduction of Bolshevism in Russia, and now Stalin expected loyalty from the Palestinian community of “Russian immigrants”, thinking of using it to strengthen Soviet influence on Middle Eastern affairs and ousting Britain from the region. But soon the Kremlin leader radically revised his attitude towards the Jewish population own country and to Israel. began in the USSR persecution of Jews, their departure from the country was stopped.

In 1947, Britain returned its Mandate for Palestine to the United Nations. On November 29, the UN Special Committee on Palestine recommended dividing Palestine into two independent states - Jewish and Arab. After the British left Palestine, the creation of the State of Israel was proclaimed on May 15, 1948. The newly emerged state opened its doors to Jewish immigrants from all over the world.

The Second Ended World War, the world celebrated the victory over Nazism. In this war, a significant part of the almost 9 million Jewish community of Europe died, but for the survivors the trials were not over yet.

After the war, the British placed even greater restrictions on Jewish repatriation to Palestine. The answer was the creation of the Jewish Resistance Movement. Despite the naval blockade and border patrols established by the British, from 1944 to 1948, about 85 thousand people were transported to Palestine through secret, often dangerous routes.

The situation in the country was extremely unstable, almost a crisis, and the British government was forced to transfer the solution to the Palestinian problem into the hands of the UN. On November 29, 1947, the UN General Assembly, by a majority vote of 33 to 13, adopted a resolution dividing Palestine into two states.

The creation of the State of Israel, the first Jewish state in almost 2 thousand years, was announced in Tel Aviv on May 14, 1948. The declaration came into force the next day, when the last British soldiers left Palestine. The Palestinians called the day May 15 al-Nakba - “The Catastrophe.”

Since the beginning of the year, hostilities have occurred between Arab and Jewish forces aimed at holding and seizing territory. Jewish militant organizations The Irgun and Lehi achieved great success, winning not only the territories allocated to them by the UN declaration, but also a significant part of those intended for the Arab state.

On April 9, Jewish militants killed a significant number of residents of the village of Deir Yassin near Jerusalem. Frightened by this, several hundred thousand Palestinians fled to Lebanon, Egypt and what is now known as the West Bank.

Jewish forces made gains in the Negev Desert, Galilee, West Jerusalem, and much of the coastal plain.

On the day of Israel's proclamation, five Arab countries - Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon, Syria and Iraq - declared war on Israel and immediately invaded the territory of the newly created state, but their armies were driven back by the Israelis. More than 6,000 people died on the Israeli side in the 15-month war. They gave their lives to make the existence of the State of Israel a reality. The following year, the Knesset, Israel's parliament, passed a law establishing a national holiday on the 5th day of the month of Iyar, called Yom Ha'atzmaut - Independence Day.

As a result of the truce, Israel included a large part of former British Palestine within its borders. Egypt held the Gaza Strip; Jordan annexed the area around Jerusalem and the land now known as the West Bank; this constituted about 25% of the territory of Mandatory Palestine.

The monstrous catastrophe that befell the Jewish people under Hitler clearly demonstrated that the only solution to the problem is the creation of an independent Jewish state in Eretz Israel, where the Jewish people will be ensured a dignified existence in conditions of freedom and security.

Hundreds of thousands of Jews around the world prayed for the fulfillment of the dream of many generations. This cherished dream became a reality - the outstanding Zionist leader David Ben-Gurion proclaimed the creation of the State of Israel in the ancient homeland Jewish people. Ben-Gurion declared: “We, the members of the Provisional National Council, representatives of the Jewish population and the Zionist movement, on the day of the end of the British Mandate for Palestine, by virtue of our natural and historical right and based on the decision of the UN General Assembly, hereby proclaim the establishment of a Jewish State on Earth Israel - the State of Israel."

The State of Israel was created at the cost of the lives of thousands of soldiers and officers who died in order for the Jewish people to have their own corner on earth - the country in which their ancestors lived, the country in which the Holy Temple stood and there was a Jewish kingdom.

The State of Israel does not forget those to whom it owes its existence. The eve of Independence Day has been declared a day of remembrance for soldiers killed in Israel's wars. In the evening, funeral candles are lit. In Jerusalem, at the Mount Herzl Military Cemetery, the central ceremony of this day takes place, which is opened by the Chief Rabbi of the Israel Defense Forces with the Yizkor prayer. The mourning ceremony is attended by the leadership of the state and family members of the victims.

At ten o'clock in the morning, the sound of a siren is heard and life freezes for two minutes throughout the country - people stand and pay tribute to the memory of the fallen soldiers. National flags are flown at half-mast, mourning rallies are held at military cemeteries throughout the day, and mourning assemblies are held in schools. Soldiers and schoolchildren stand guard of honor at the monuments to the dead. The whole country is in a special mood on this day, saluting those who fell while fighting for the creation of the state and the safety of its inhabitants.

In Israel the holiday is celebrated ceremonial receptions, military bases are open to the public, air parades are held and equipment is demonstrated navy. Today Israel can be proud of the technical equipment of its army.

Religious Jews recite special prayers and always the HaLel prayer, symbolizing the national liberation of Israel.

As darkness falls, Memorial Day ends and the colorful ceremony of Independence Day celebrations begins on Mount Herzl. 12 people, men and women, representing different segments of the Israeli population, light 12 torches in honor of the achievements of the State of Israel. The national flag is again raised to the top of the flagpole. At the end of the ceremony the night sky lights up colorful fireworks. City squares are filled with celebrating people.

Artists perform on the stage and orchestras play. The streets and balconies of houses are decorated with Israeli flags. In synagogues they read a prayer for the well-being and security of the state, which also expresses the hope that all the sons of the Jewish people will return to their country. Independence Day ends with a solemn ceremony of presenting Israeli state awards in the field of scientific research, literature and art.

In the last century and today, military conflicts between the Arab population east coast Mediterranean Sea(Palestine) and the Jews living there (Israel) do not stop. How was Israel formed and why is this state so unloved by Arabs today?

How Israel was formed, a little history

The first Hebrew tribes, whose people, according to Holy Scripture, descended from the twelve sons of the biblical patriarch Jacob, come to the eastern Mediterranean coast from the south around the 12th century BC. A little later, these lands were conquered by the Philistines, who called them Palestine. A long war begins between the Jews and the Philistines.

In order to more effectively resist the Philistines, in the 11th century, the ancient Hebrew tribes formed the Israel-Judea state under the rule of the king. It later splits into the Kingdom of Israel, which lasted until 722 BC, and the Kingdom of Judah, which ceased to exist in 586 BC.

The lands of Palestine were constantly attacked by neighbors near and far. In the 1st century BC, they were conquered by the mighty Rome; throughout the Middle Ages, they were controlled either by the Arabs, or by the European crusaders, or by the Egyptian Mamluks. In the 16th century, Palestine was occupied by the Ottoman Empire and these lands remained under Turkish rule until the First World War.

How modern Israel was formed

By the end of the 19th century, many Jews had settled throughout the world, and the Jewish bourgeoisie appealed to them to return to the lands of Palestine. Many responded, and by the year the First World War began (1914), the number of Jews living in Palestine was already 85 thousand people.

During the Second World War, as a result of Hitler's anti-Semitic policies, Jews left the territories he conquered en masse, and in 1948 there were already 655 thousand of them living in Palestine.

On November 29, 1947, the United Nations (UN) made a historic decision on the formation of two independent (sovereign) states on the land of Palestine - the Jewish (Israel) and the Palestinian Arab state. As a result, by 1951 the number of Jews living in their historical homeland- Palestinian territory - reached 4,350,000.

The UN “allocated” 11.1 thousand square kilometers to the Arabs, and 14.1 to Israel. The newly created Israeli government was not satisfied with this, and during the Arab-Israeli war of 1948-49, Israel captured 6.7 thousand square meters. kilometers of Arab lands on which Jewish settlements were established. The Arabs of Palestine were left with only the territory around the city of Gaza and the land on the west bank of the Jordan River. This is the main reason for the numerous Arab-Israeli military conflicts that continue today.

After Israel was formed, its population constantly grew, its economy developed, and by 2011, 7.6 million people already lived in the country’s territory of 22 thousand square kilometers. people, and the country's gross domestic product was equal to 207 billion dollars.

The history of the formation of Israel as a state is long and tragic. We can say with complete confidence that it began at least three thousand years ago. The long-suffering Jewish people had to go through many trials on the way to creating their own state.

Ancient history

The first formation of Israel as a state occurred in the 10th century BC in the Eastern Mediterranean. It was called the Kingdom of Israel. But his independent existence was very short-lived. Since the 7th century it has been subject to numerous conquests. Since the year of formation of Israel as a state is considered to be 1948, it turns out that the Jewish people lost their Homeland for more than 26 centuries!

In 63 BC, the powerful Roman Empire took over. The captured territory caused the Romans a lot of different problems. One of the most acute is religious: Judaism prohibited the exaltation of the Roman emperor as a deity and, accordingly, the worship of him. But it was a necessary condition for citizens of the empire.

The path to the formation of the State of Israel was not short. In 135 AD, an unsuccessful uprising took place in one of the provinces local population against the Roman authorities. This event had a radical impact on future fate the people living there. The Roman emperor decided to evict the Jews from his territory as punishment. Other peoples came to the province previously inhabited by them. This is how the first Jewish communities appeared, not only on the territory of the Roman Empire, but also far beyond its borders. Years later, they began to appear on Slavic lands.

After the split of the Roman Empire in 395 into the Eastern (Byzantine) and Western part Palestine went to the first, remaining its province until 619. From 614 to 629, Persia conquered Palestine. Afterwards it again became a province of Byzantium. The size of the Jewish population due to permanent massacres and the persecutions that Emperor Heraclius began greatly decreased.

In the Middle Age

By 636, the Muslims had conquered Palestine from the Byzantine Empire. And for the next six centuries, this territory was controlled either by the Umayyad Caliphate, or by the Abbasids, or by the Crusaders.

The year 1099 was marked by the foundation that arose thanks to the efforts of the crusaders. But by 1260, Palestine was completely conquered by the Mamluk dynasty. Relatively peaceful times reigned for several centuries. However, already in 1517, the territory of modern Israel was conquered by the Ottoman Turks. Under power Ottoman Empire the country remained for 400 years, until 1917. In that historical period Jews had the status of "dhimmi". They had certain civil rights and freedom of religion, but at the same time there were a number of restrictions. For example, a ban on riding horses and carrying weapons.

Prerequisites for the formation of Israel - the Jewish state

Only in late XIX centuries, Jews began to strive to return to their historical lands. After 1881, the first settlers left for Palestine. The next massive wave of immigration occurred in the lead-up to the First World War. In the territories that belonged to the Ottoman Empire, Jews began to create their own settlements without claiming independence. People mostly moved to Palestine based on their religious beliefs. But there were many Jews who planned to build socialist communes on the territory of this country.

Balfour Declaration

The formation of Israel as a state was also facilitated by the fact that on November 2, 1917, Arthur Balfour, the British Foreign Secretary, wrote an official letter to Lord Rothschild, who at that time was the representative of the British Jewish community. It said that the state government was seriously thinking about creating a national home for Jews in Palestine.

What was the purpose of this declaration? Firstly, this is the acquisition by Great Britain of the right to control after the war the lands of Palestine, on which the creation of a zone was originally intended international control. Secondly, it is the hope that Jews living in America will force their government to enter World War I, thereby supporting the dwindling Allied forces. Thirdly, this is pressure on Jews living in Russia in order to prevent the spread of Bolshevik ideology and the withdrawal of the Russian Empire from the war.

Consequences of the declaration

When World War I ended, Palestine became a British mandate. Jews began to emigrate to it en masse, which became the first step towards the formation of the state of Israel. By the time World War II began, there were 500 thousand Jews in Palestine, with another 100 thousand added by the end of the war.

And they continued to move to these lands, which caused violent discontent among the Arabs. The Arabs demanded that the government stop this. The government met them halfway, despite the fact that global community during the war, it accused the British of preventing Jews from escaping the Nazi regime to the countries of the Middle East. In Great Britain, it was decided to introduce entry quotas for foreign Jews, but these quotas were not always observed. The situation became extremely tense by the end of the thirties, when a huge number of immigrants from Germany caused an uprising of Palestinian Arabs. And then, from 1939, Great Britain categorically prohibited the migration of Jews to the territories it controlled.

During the Second World War

The path to the formation of Israel as a state was long and thorny. David Ben-Gurion, who was the leader of the Jewish community, decided to begin violent protests against British control of Palestine. Since 1944, Jews began to openly show their disobedience and commit daring Act of terrorism.

International Zionist societies, as well as the United States, did not stand aside. The pressure on London began to intensify. The British government was blamed for the deaths of Jewish refugees who tried to enter Palestine illegally across the sea, but were intercepted by British border guards, who returned the unfortunates to Europe, where they died at the hands of the Nazis.

After World War II

When World War II finally ended, the formation of Israel as a state became a truly pressing issue. Britain's Mandate for Palestine remained in effect. In August 1945, the World Zionist Congress, and then US President G. Truman, who succumbed to pressure from the Jewish communities of his country, proposed that Great Britain allow the resettlement of more than a million Jews to Palestine. But London did not accept this proposal, as politicians foresaw unrest in Arab countries.

Already in October, representatives said that US attempts to make Palestine a Jewish state would inevitably lead to war.

Meanwhile, the terrorist attacks continued. In July 1946, the headquarters of the British military administration was blown up by Zionist terrorists. Almost 100 British citizens died.

UK government decision

Great Britain was economically dependent on the United States and did not want to quarrel. But London did not need a conflict with the Arabs. Therefore, in 1947, Britain refused to control Palestine.

On November 29, 1947, the UN Assembly reached a consensus on Palestinian issue: the lands were decided to be divided into three parts (42% to the Arabs, 56% to the Jews, and 2% of the lands, which included Jerusalem and Bethlehem, to the UN). Arab countries this resolution was not adopted.

Bloody clashes between Jews and Arabs began to occur more and more often. The situation has reached its climax. Arabs began to leave the country en masse. Great Britain, not wanting to get involved in the war, withdrew its troops from Palestine on May 14, 1948 and announced the termination of its mandate.

Long-awaited event

The date of the formation of Israel as a state is considered to be May 14, 1948. On this significant day, David Ben-Gurion, the head of the provisional Jewish government, announced to the world the creation of an independent Jewish state. The President declared the capital city of Tel Aviv.

Already on May 17, the USSR and the USA recognized Israel. Unfortunately, diplomats from other countries were unable to translate the Arab-Jewish dialogue into a peaceful direction. Soon after the formation of the State of Israel and the declaration of its independence, several Arab states started a war with it. But gradually Israel was recognized by almost all countries of the world.

The role of the USSR in the creation of the Jewish state

The USSR, together with the USA, assisted in the formation of the state of Israel. The most significant role among the Jews of Palestine belonged to emigrants from the Russian Empire. They spread the ideas of socialism. Ben-Gurion was also from Russia. A few years after October revolution he came to the USSR on a friendly visit. Once upon a time, Jews contributed to the spread of Bolshevik ideology in the Russian Empire. And at that moment, Stalin expected support from the Russian Jews of Palestine in his plans to increase the influence of the USSR on the affairs of the Middle East and oust Great Britain from there.

But the loyalty of the Soviet leader was short-lived. Anti-Semitic sentiments began to be encouraged in the USSR, and Jews were no longer allowed to leave the country. After the collapse of the USSR, Jews began to leave en masse for Israel permanent place residence.

Acquired in 1948, when Ben Gurion announced to the whole world the declaration of independent sovereign state Israel.

Ben Gurion read this statement in the museum building on Rothschild Street in Tel Aviv. Israel's independence was declared one day before the end of the British Mandate for Palestine.

Then, when Israel was created, the Declaration of Independence stated that in November 1947, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution according to which the Jewish independent state of Israel was created in Eretz Israel.

The same United Nations declaration emphasized that, like any other people, the Jewish people can be independent, have the right to freedoms and independence, as well as sovereignty in their own independent and sovereign state.

Immediately, the sovereign independent state of Israel opened its borders for the repatriation of Jewish people from all countries of the world, with the sole purpose of uniting all Jews scattered around the world. The Declaration of the Founding of Israel also stated that the new state would make every effort to develop the new Jewish state and the welfare of the Jewish people. The main postulate of the declaration was the words that from now on political system The State of Israel is aimed at developing and preserving such main democratic foundations as freedom and justice, peace and tranquility, and will also fully comply with all the teachings of the Hebrew prophets.

Main state principles will be: full rights for the citizens of the country, both in political and social matters, regardless of their religion, gender and race. The Declaration on the Founding of Israel stated that every citizen of the State of Israel will be guaranteed freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of conscience, the right to speak native language, the right to a good education, to preserve culture and, to decent development.

And yet, the Declaration clearly stated that the new state would sacredly preserve monuments of all three religions on the territory of Israel, and would also adhere to and observe the principles of the UN Charter.

Immediately in 1948, after the declaration of independence of the State of Israel, it was announced that the new independent state would be and is ready to cooperate with the United Nations, with its bodies and representative offices on the implementation of the resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly in November 1947 .

And, in addition, the new state will take all possible steps to implement the economic unity of Israel.

At the same time, during the creation of Israel, after the proclamation of the formation of a new Jewish state, the Arab population living in Israel was asked to maintain peace and take part in the construction and revival of a new sovereign state, which would be based on equality. Everyone living in Israel was promised equal representation in all institutions and organizations of the state.

In the year of the declaration of independence of the state, Israel extended its hand for good neighborly relations with all neighboring states, their peoples, and called for cooperation with the people of Israel, with the people who have been moving towards independence on their land for so long.

The declaration also stated that Israel would certainly contribute to the rapid development of the Middle East.

The first state to de facto accept Israel was the United States of America. President Truman announced this in 1948 on May 14, immediately after Ben Gurion's Declaration of Independence. The country that was the first to recognize Israel de jure was the Soviet Union. This happened in May 1948, after the founding of Israel and the declaration of sovereign Israel. A year later, the sovereign independent state of Israel became a member of the United Nations.

The creation of Israel was painful and quite difficult. After the declaration of the Declaration of Independence, on the second day of the existence of the new independent state armed armies of Arab states entered its territory: Syria, Transjordan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Yemen, Egypt. They started the war against Israel. The purpose of the attack was one - the destruction of the Jewish state, since the countries Arab world did not recognize the new state of Israel.

The Israeli army won its independence with honor; henceforth the war of 1948 will be called the War of Independence. It should be added that the Israelis not only defended their independence, but also conquered part of the Arab lands, thereby expanding the territory of Israel. The war ended in June 1949, only a year later a peace treaty was signed, which stated the cessation of hostilities.

IN hard times, during the war, the formation and creation of Israel as a state took place. The Khagan organization, which existed in a semi-underground position, became, and in 1948 Ben Gurion, who became the first prime minister in the history of an independent state, signed a decree on the creation of the Shai special service, the main function of which was to conduct all types of intelligence: counterintelligence, reconnaissance.

Subsequently, three were produced from one service at once. intelligence departments: military intelligence, political and counterintelligence. All three intelligence services were created in the new state on the basis of the British intelligence services. Today these special services have names - service Military intelligence Israel's AMAN, the General Security Service "Shabak" - this is how counterintelligence began to be called, and "Mossad" - this is the name of political intelligence.

At the creation of Israel, political and government system countries.

The head of state of Israel is the President. He is elected by Knesset members for seven years by secret ballot. The first president of the new state of Israel was Chaim Weizmann. According to the President of Israel, he does not have the powers of government; rather, he is a representative figure in the political hierarchy. The President is a symbol of the state, his task is to perform representative functions. What can a president do in Israel? In addition to his representative functions, he asserts new line-up government after the next elections, and also provides amnesty to those convicted.

When Israel was founded, the highest legislative body was determined to be the Knesset. This is a parliament consisting of 120 deputies elected by party lists using direct voting. The first Knesset came into existence after the first elections in 1949. Central executive agency- government. The government is headed by the Prime Minister, who is actually the head of the state of Israel. The first prime minister was Ben Guriron.

The highest body of judicial power of the state is Supreme Court, which in Israel is called Supreme Court Justice. All major government and government agencies and organizations are located in .

The executive power during the creation of Israel was also defined - these are city mayors, who are elected locally through direct voting. And yet, it is not separated from the state, and therefore in the cities there are still religious councils consisting of clergy of Israel. The services provided by religious councils relate mainly to religious rites and services, the conclusion of legal acts: marriage, divorce, birth or death.